{ "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920", "place": { "id": "2460596", "slug": "bamako", "name": "Bamako", "region": "Mali", "country": "ML", "lat": 12.60915, "lon": -7.97522, "elevation_m": 374, "tz": "Africa/Bamako" }, "year": 1920, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12537, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-01T13:02:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-01T13:02:12Z", "ms": -1577876267881.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-02T10:22:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-02T10:22:46Z", "ms": -1577799433947.7236 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-01T13:02:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-01T13:02:12Z", "ms": -1577876267881.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-02T10:22:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-02T10:22:46Z", "ms": -1577799433947.7236 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-01T06:53:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-01T06:53:26Z", "ms": -1577898394371.2256 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-01T06:53:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-01T06:53:26Z", "ms": -1577898394371.2256 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-02T06:53:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-02T06:53:49Z", "ms": -1577811970632.9802 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-02T06:53:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-02T06:53:49Z", "ms": -1577811970632.9802 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:02 on Thu 1 Jan to 10:23 on Fri 2 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-01T13:02:12Z → 1920-01-02T10:22:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:53 on the 1st and 06:54 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 1st and is on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12537 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 2 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Putradā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 2 January. Ekādaśī runs from 13:02 on Thu 1 Jan to 10:23 on Fri 2 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-01-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28824, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-03T07:19:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-03T07:19:23Z", "ms": -1577724037218.2974 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-04T03:59:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-04T03:59:16Z", "ms": -1577649644231.3462 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-03T07:19:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-03T07:19:23Z", "ms": -1577724037218.2974 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-04T03:59:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-04T03:59:16Z", "ms": -1577649644231.3462 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-02T18:17:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-02T18:17:26Z", "ms": -1577770954371.2605 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-02T19:58:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-02T19:58:20Z", "ms": -1577764900148.0676 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-03T18:17:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-03T18:17:59Z", "ms": -1577684520861.4849 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-03T19:58:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-03T19:58:52Z", "ms": -1577678468158.2134 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:19 on Sat 3 Jan to 03:59 on Sun 4 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-03T07:19:23Z → 1920-01-04T03:59:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:17–19:58 on the 2nd, 18:18–19:59 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 2nd and 101 of 101 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28824 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 3 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 3 January. Trayodaśī runs from 07:19 on Sat 3 Jan to 03:59 on Sun 4 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-01-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-01-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30732, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-08T12:39:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-08T12:39:48Z", "ms": -1577272811555.1462 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-09T11:03:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-09T11:03:33Z", "ms": -1577192187229.6323 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-08T12:39:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-08T12:39:48Z", "ms": -1577272811555.1462 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-09T11:03:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-09T11:03:33Z", "ms": -1577192187229.6323 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-08T21:12:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-08T21:12:01Z", "ms": -1577242079184.6917 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-08T21:12:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-08T21:12:01Z", "ms": -1577242079184.6917 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-09T22:05:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-09T22:05:34Z", "ms": -1577152466379.38 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-09T22:05:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-09T22:05:34Z", "ms": -1577152466379.38 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:40 on Thu 8 Jan to 11:04 on Fri 9 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-08T12:39:48Z → 1920-01-09T11:03:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:12 on the 8th and 22:06 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30732 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Thursday 8 January. Caturthī runs from 12:40 on Thu 8 Jan to 11:04 on Fri 9 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38552, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T05:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-12T18:04:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-12T18:04:42Z", "ms": -1574229317783.273 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T05:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T05:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-12T18:23:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-12T18:23:01Z", "ms": -1576906618664.981 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-13T18:23:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T18:23:34Z", "ms": -1576820185546.2068 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-13T18:23:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T18:23:34Z", "ms": -1576820185546.2068 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T18:24:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T18:24:07Z", "ms": -1576733752626.8599 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:06 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 18:24, and the day of the 14th ends at 18:24.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 38552 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1920-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bhogi 1920 falls on Tuesday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:06 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 12 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38552, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T05:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-12T18:04:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-12T18:04:42Z", "ms": -1574229317783.273 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T05:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T05:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-12T18:23:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-12T18:23:01Z", "ms": -1576906618664.981 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-13T18:23:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T18:23:34Z", "ms": -1576820185546.2068 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-13T18:23:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T18:23:34Z", "ms": -1576820185546.2068 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T18:24:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T18:24:07Z", "ms": -1576733752626.8599 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:06 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 18:24, and the day of the 14th ends at 18:24.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 38552 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Pongal 1920 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:06 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18366, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T05:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-12T18:04:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-12T18:04:42Z", "ms": -1574229317783.273 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T05:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T05:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-13T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T00:00:00Z", "ms": -1576886400000 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T00:00:00Z", "ms": -1576800000000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T00:00:00Z", "ms": -1576800000000 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-15T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ms": -1576713600000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:06 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Bamako.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Africa/Bamako" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 18366 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Makara Saṅkrānti 1920 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:06 on Wed 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38552, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T05:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-12T18:04:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-12T18:04:42Z", "ms": -1574229317783.273 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T05:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T05:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-12T18:23:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-12T18:23:01Z", "ms": -1576906618664.981 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-13T18:23:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T18:23:34Z", "ms": -1576820185546.2068 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-13T18:23:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T18:23:34Z", "ms": -1576820185546.2068 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T18:24:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T18:24:07Z", "ms": -1576733752626.8599 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:06 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 18:24, and the day of the 14th ends at 18:24.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 38552 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1920-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mattu Pongal 1920 falls on Thursday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:06 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36141, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-15T18:07:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T18:07:42Z", "ms": -1576648337690.4978 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-16T20:55:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-16T20:55:37Z", "ms": -1576551862637.5752 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-15T18:07:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T18:07:42Z", "ms": -1576648337690.4978 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-16T20:55:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-16T20:55:37Z", "ms": -1576551862637.5752 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-16T06:57:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-16T06:57:49Z", "ms": -1576602131302.8933 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-16T06:57:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-16T06:57:49Z", "ms": -1576602131302.8933 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-17T06:57:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T06:57:58Z", "ms": -1576515721524.1187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-17T06:57:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T06:57:58Z", "ms": -1576515721524.1187 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:08 on Thu 15 Jan to 20:56 on Fri 16 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-15T18:07:42Z → 1920-01-16T20:55:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:58 on the 16th and 06:58 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36141 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 16 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 16 January. Ekādaśī runs from 18:08 on Thu 15 Jan to 20:56 on Fri 16 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-01-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12600, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-17T23:36:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T23:36:03Z", "ms": -1576455836807.701 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T01:58:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-17T23:36:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T23:36:03Z", "ms": -1576455836807.701 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T01:58:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-17T18:25:45+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T18:25:45Z", "ms": -1576474455356.8887 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-17T20:06:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T20:06:04Z", "ms": -1576468436349.002 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-18T18:26:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-18T18:26:16Z", "ms": -1576388023524.4724 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-18T20:06:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-18T20:06:32Z", "ms": -1576382007739.2202 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:36 on Sat 17 Jan to 01:58 on Mon 19 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-17T23:36:03Z → 1920-01-19T01:58:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:26–20:06 on the 17th, 18:26–20:07 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 17th and 100 of 100 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12600 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 18 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 18 January. Trayodaśī runs from 23:36 on Sat 17 Jan to 01:58 on Mon 19 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-01-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4913, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T01:58:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T03:56:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1576267423797.9026 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T01:58:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T03:56:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1576267423797.9026 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T05:17:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T05:17:59Z", "ms": -1576348920920.334 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T06:58:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T06:58:15Z", "ms": -1576342905135.0818 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-20T05:18:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T05:18:09Z", "ms": -1576262511011.5488 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T06:58:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T06:58:21Z", "ms": -1576256498546.6226 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:58 on Mon 19 Jan to 03:56 on Tue 20 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z → 1920-01-20T03:56:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:18–06:58 on the 19th, 05:18–06:58 on the 20th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 100 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4913 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Bamako, 1920: Monday 19 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yama Tarpaṇa 1920 falls on Monday 19 January. Caturdaśī runs from 01:58 on Mon 19 Jan to 03:56 on Tue 20 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-01-19", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3132, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T01:58:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T03:56:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1576267423797.9026 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T01:58:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T03:56:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1576267423797.9026 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T00:18:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T00:18:16Z", "ms": -1576366904329.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T01:06:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:06:16Z", "ms": -1576364024329.777 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-20T00:18:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T00:18:35Z", "ms": -1576280485290.0962 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T01:06:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T01:06:35Z", "ms": -1576277605290.0962 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:58 on Mon 19 Jan to 03:56 on Tue 20 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z → 1920-01-20T03:56:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:18–01:06 on the 18th, 00:19–01:07 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3132 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1920: Monday 19 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Monday 19 January. Caturdaśī runs from 01:58 on Mon 19 Jan to 03:56 on Tue 20 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-01-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18168, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T07:17:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z", "ms": -1575909769638.503 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T07:06:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T07:17:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z", "ms": -1575909769638.503 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T07:06:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T12:19:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T12:19:58Z", "ms": -1575891601858.2334 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-24T13:07:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T13:07:58Z", "ms": -1575888721858.2334 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T12:20:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T12:20:13Z", "ms": -1575805186853.8684 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T13:08:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T13:08:13Z", "ms": -1575802306853.8684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:17 on Sat 24 Jan to 07:06 on Sun 25 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z → 1920-01-25T07:06:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:20–13:08 on the 24th, 12:20–13:08 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18168 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1920 falls on Saturday 24 January. Caturthī runs from 07:17 on Sat 24 Jan to 07:06 on Sun 25 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39428, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T07:17:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z", "ms": -1575909769638.503 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T07:06:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T07:17:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z", "ms": -1575909769638.503 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T07:06:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-23T18:28:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-23T18:28:50Z", "ms": -1575955870005.997 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-23T20:08:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-23T20:08:48Z", "ms": -1575949871753.394 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T18:29:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T18:29:19Z", "ms": -1575869440604.9927 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-24T20:09:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T20:09:14Z", "ms": -1575863446126.5845 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:17 on Sat 24 Jan to 07:06 on Sun 25 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z → 1920-01-25T07:06:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:29–20:09 on the 23rd, 18:29–20:09 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 23rd and 100 of 100 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 39428 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Tila Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 24 January. Caturthī runs from 07:17 on Sat 24 Jan to 07:06 on Sun 25 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18831, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T07:06:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T06:33:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T06:33:51Z", "ms": -1575739568785.758 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T07:06:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T06:33:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T06:33:51Z", "ms": -1575739568785.758 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T12:20:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T12:20:13Z", "ms": -1575805186853.8684 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T13:08:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T13:08:13Z", "ms": -1575802306853.8684 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-26T12:20:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T12:20:27Z", "ms": -1575718772660.1353 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T13:08:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T13:08:27Z", "ms": -1575715892660.1353 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:06 on Sun 25 Jan to 06:34 on Mon 26 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z → 1920-01-26T06:33:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:20–13:08 on the 25th, 12:20–13:08 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18831 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śrī Pañcamī 1920 falls on Sunday 25 January. Pañcamī runs from 07:06 on Sun 25 Jan to 06:34 on Mon 26 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18831, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T07:06:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T06:33:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T06:33:51Z", "ms": -1575739568785.758 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T07:06:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T06:33:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T06:33:51Z", "ms": -1575739568785.758 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T12:20:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T12:20:13Z", "ms": -1575805186853.8684 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T13:08:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T13:08:13Z", "ms": -1575802306853.8684 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-26T12:20:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T12:20:27Z", "ms": -1575718772660.1353 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T13:08:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T13:08:27Z", "ms": -1575715892660.1353 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:06 on Sun 25 Jan to 06:34 on Mon 26 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z → 1920-01-26T06:33:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:20–13:08 on the 25th, 12:20–13:08 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18831 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vasanta Pañcamī 1920 falls on Sunday 25 January. Pañcamī runs from 07:06 on Sun 25 Jan to 06:34 on Mon 26 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1257, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-27T05:39:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-27T05:39:47Z", "ms": -1575656412536.6016 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-28T04:23:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-28T04:23:51Z", "ms": -1575574568999.2446 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-27T05:39:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-27T05:39:47Z", "ms": -1575656412536.6016 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-28T04:23:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-28T04:23:51Z", "ms": -1575574568999.2446 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-27T05:18:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-27T05:18:50Z", "ms": -1575657669855.421 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-27T06:58:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-27T06:58:37Z", "ms": -1575651683174.2524 } }, "covered_min": 79, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-28T05:18:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-28T05:18:52Z", "ms": -1575571268090.7622 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-28T06:58:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-28T06:58:35Z", "ms": -1575565285427.894 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 05:40 on Tue 27 Jan to 04:24 on Wed 28 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-27T05:39:47Z → 1920-01-28T04:23:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:19–06:59 on the 27th, 05:19–06:59 on the 28th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 79 of 100 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 100 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1257 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 27 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ratha Saptamī 1920 falls on Tuesday 27 January. Saptamī runs from 05:40 on Tue 27 Jan to 04:24 on Wed 28 Jan and covers 79 of 100 minutes of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-31", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30745, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-30T22:25:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-30T22:25:56Z", "ms": -1575336843886.651 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-31T19:49:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z", "ms": -1575259844322.7712 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-30T22:25:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-30T22:25:56Z", "ms": -1575336843886.651 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-31T19:49:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z", "ms": -1575259844322.7712 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T06:58:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T06:58:21Z", "ms": -1575306098858.5298 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-31T06:58:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T06:58:21Z", "ms": -1575306098858.5298 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T06:58:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T06:58:14Z", "ms": -1575219705538.2937 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T06:58:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T06:58:14Z", "ms": -1575219705538.2937 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:26 on Fri 30 Jan to 19:49 on Sat 31 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-30T22:25:56Z → 1920-01-31T19:49:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:58 on the 31st and 06:58 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 31st and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30745 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Jayā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 31 January. Ekādaśī runs from 22:26 on Fri 30 Jan to 19:49 on Sat 31 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13885, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T19:49:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z", "ms": -1575259844322.7712 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T17:01:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z", "ms": -1575183539988.8066 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T19:49:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z", "ms": -1575259844322.7712 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T17:01:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z", "ms": -1575183539988.8066 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T12:21:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T12:21:26Z", "ms": -1575286714124.901 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-31T13:09:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T13:09:26Z", "ms": -1575283834124.901 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T12:21:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T12:21:35Z", "ms": -1575200304930.434 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T13:09:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T13:09:35Z", "ms": -1575197424930.434 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 19:49 on Sat 31 Jan to 17:01 on Sun 1 Feb.", "fact": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z → 1920-02-01T17:01:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 31st, 12:22–13:10 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13885 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 1 February. Dvādaśī runs from 19:49 on Sat 31 Jan to 17:01 on Sun 1 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-02-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5516, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T17:01:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z", "ms": -1575183539988.8066 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-02T14:08:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T14:08:00Z", "ms": -1575107519648.189 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T17:01:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z", "ms": -1575183539988.8066 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-02T14:08:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T14:08:00Z", "ms": -1575107519648.189 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T18:32:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T18:32:56Z", "ms": -1575178024322.5742 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T20:12:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T20:12:17Z", "ms": -1575172062853.4734 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-02T18:33:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T18:33:20Z", "ms": -1575091599839.9631 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-02T20:12:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T20:12:37Z", "ms": -1575085642813.947 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:01 on Sun 1 Feb to 14:08 on Mon 2 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z → 1920-02-02T14:08:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:33–20:12 on the 1st, 18:33–20:13 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 99 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5516 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 1 February. Trayodaśī runs from 17:01 on Sun 1 Feb to 14:08 on Mon 2 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-02-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3797, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-02-03T11:18:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-03T11:18:34Z", "ms": -1575031285740.1472 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-04T08:42:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-04T08:42:01Z", "ms": -1574954278831.8635 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-03T11:18:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-03T11:18:34Z", "ms": -1575031285740.1472 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-04T08:42:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-04T08:42:01Z", "ms": -1574954278831.8635 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-03T12:21:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-03T12:21:51Z", "ms": -1575027489045.4912 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-03T13:09:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-03T13:09:51Z", "ms": -1575024609045.4912 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-04T12:21:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-04T12:21:58Z", "ms": -1574941082344.4614 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-04T13:09:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-04T13:09:58Z", "ms": -1574938202344.4614 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:19 on Tue 3 Feb to 08:42 on Wed 4 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-03T11:18:34Z → 1920-02-04T08:42:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 3rd, 12:22–13:10 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3797 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 3 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Tuesday 3 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:19 on Tue 3 Feb to 08:42 on Wed 4 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-02-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21403, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-07T03:45:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-07T03:45:55Z", "ms": -1574712845242.642 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-08T03:32:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-08T03:32:15Z", "ms": -1574627265476.19 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-07T03:45:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-07T03:45:55Z", "ms": -1574712845242.642 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-08T03:32:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-08T03:32:15Z", "ms": -1574627265476.19 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-06T20:43:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-06T20:43:58Z", "ms": -1574738161594.2012 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-06T20:43:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-06T20:43:58Z", "ms": -1574738161594.2012 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-07T21:35:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-07T21:35:32Z", "ms": -1574648668320.5425 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-07T21:35:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-07T21:35:32Z", "ms": -1574648668320.5425 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:46 on Sat 7 Feb to 03:32 on Sun 8 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-07T03:45:55Z → 1920-02-08T03:32:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:44 on the 6th and 21:36 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21403 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 7 February. Caturthī runs from 03:46 on Sat 7 Feb to 03:32 on Sun 8 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-02-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30742, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-14T15:27:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-14T15:27:36Z", "ms": -1574065944329.249 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-15T17:46:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-15T17:46:19Z", "ms": -1573971221016.0598 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-14T15:27:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-14T15:27:36Z", "ms": -1574065944329.249 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-15T17:46:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-15T17:46:19Z", "ms": -1573971221016.0598 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-14T06:55:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-14T06:55:14Z", "ms": -1574096686157.324 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-14T06:55:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-14T06:55:14Z", "ms": -1574096686157.324 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-15T06:54:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-15T06:54:53Z", "ms": -1574010306739.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-15T06:54:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-15T06:54:53Z", "ms": -1574010306739.0117 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:28 on Sat 14 Feb to 17:46 on Sun 15 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-14T15:27:36Z → 1920-02-15T17:46:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:55 on the 14th and 06:55 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30742 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 15 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 15 February. Ekādaśī runs from 15:28 on Sat 14 Feb to 17:46 on Sun 15 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-02-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10379, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-17T20:50:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z", "ms": -1573787389516.512 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-18T21:28:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-18T21:28:58Z", "ms": -1573698661547.0588 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-17T20:50:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z", "ms": -1573787389516.512 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-18T21:28:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-18T21:28:58Z", "ms": -1573698661547.0588 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-18T00:22:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-18T00:22:02Z", "ms": -1573774678325.7954 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-18T01:10:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-18T01:10:02Z", "ms": -1573771798325.7954 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-19T00:21:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-19T00:21:57Z", "ms": -1573688282740.0464 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-19T01:09:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-19T01:09:57Z", "ms": -1573685402740.0464 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:50 on Tue 17 Feb to 21:29 on Wed 18 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z → 1920-02-18T21:28:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:22–01:10 on the 17th, 00:22–01:10 on the 18th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 10379 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahāśivarātri 1920 falls on Tuesday 17 February. Caturdaśī runs from 20:50 on Tue 17 Feb to 21:29 on Wed 18 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-02-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2030, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-16T19:35:38+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T19:35:38Z", "ms": -1573878262056.8245 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-17T20:50:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z", "ms": -1573787389516.512 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-16T19:35:38+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T19:35:38Z", "ms": -1573878262056.8245 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-17T20:50:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z", "ms": -1573787389516.512 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-16T18:38:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T18:38:01Z", "ms": -1573881718700.8335 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-16T20:16:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T20:16:10Z", "ms": -1573875829609.9045 } }, "covered_min": 41, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-17T18:38:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T18:38:17Z", "ms": -1573795302966.398 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-17T20:16:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:16:21Z", "ms": -1573789419062.2373 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:36 on Mon 16 Feb to 20:50 on Tue 17 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-16T19:35:38Z → 1920-02-17T20:50:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:38–20:16 on the 16th, 18:38–20:16 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 41 of 98 minutes on the 16th and 98 of 98 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2030 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 17 February. Trayodaśī runs from 19:36 on Mon 16 Feb to 20:50 on Tue 17 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 41 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-02-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-02-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17118, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-22T19:16:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-22T19:16:22Z", "ms": -1573361017648.4646 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-23T17:54:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-23T17:54:57Z", "ms": -1573279502538.93 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-22T19:16:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-22T19:16:22Z", "ms": -1573361017648.4646 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-23T17:54:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-23T17:54:57Z", "ms": -1573279502538.93 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-22T12:21:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-22T12:21:46Z", "ms": -1573385893605.1492 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-22T13:09:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-22T13:09:46Z", "ms": -1573383013605.1492 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-23T12:21:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-23T12:21:39Z", "ms": -1573299500985.3218 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-23T13:09:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-23T13:09:39Z", "ms": -1573296620985.3218 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:16 on Sun 22 Feb to 17:55 on Mon 23 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-22T19:16:22Z → 1920-02-23T17:54:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 22nd, 12:22–13:10 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17118 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Monday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Monday 23 February. Caturthī runs from 19:16 on Sun 22 Feb to 17:55 on Mon 23 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-02-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-02-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 944, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-29T06:32:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-29T06:32:57Z", "ms": -1572802023284.8525 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-01T04:21:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T04:21:28Z", "ms": -1572723512272.925 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-29T06:32:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-29T06:32:57Z", "ms": -1572802023284.8525 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-01T04:21:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T04:21:28Z", "ms": -1572723512272.925 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-29T06:48:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-29T06:48:40Z", "ms": -1572801079604.7378 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-29T06:48:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-02-29T06:48:40Z", "ms": -1572801079604.7378 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-01T06:48:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T06:48:08Z", "ms": -1572714711574.7993 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-01T06:48:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T06:48:08Z", "ms": -1572714711574.7993 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:33 on Sun 29 Feb to 04:21 on Mon 1 Mar.", "fact": "1920-02-29T06:32:57Z → 1920-03-01T04:21:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:49 on the 29th and 06:48 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 29th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 944 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 29 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 29 February. Ekādaśī runs from 06:33 on Sun 29 Feb to 04:21 on Mon 1 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-02-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14186, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-02T02:13:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-02T02:13:15Z", "ms": -1572644805149.7634 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T00:14:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T00:14:14Z", "ms": -1572565545678.4822 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-02T02:13:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-02T02:13:15Z", "ms": -1572644805149.7634 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T00:14:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T00:14:14Z", "ms": -1572565545678.4822 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-01T18:40:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T18:40:52Z", "ms": -1572671948070.8374 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-01T20:17:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T20:17:46Z", "ms": -1572666134213.6504 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-02T18:41:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-02T18:41:00Z", "ms": -1572585539669.7646 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-02T20:17:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-02T20:17:49Z", "ms": -1572579731351.1726 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:13 on Tue 2 Mar to 00:14 on Wed 3 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-02T02:13:15Z → 1920-03-03T00:14:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:41–20:18 on the 1st, 18:41–20:18 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 1st and 97 of 97 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14186 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 2 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 2 March. Trayodaśī runs from 02:13 on Tue 2 Mar to 00:14 on Wed 3 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9056, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-03T22:31:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z", "ms": -1572485316175.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-04T21:12:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-03T22:31:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z", "ms": -1572485316175.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-04T21:12:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-03T16:18:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T16:18:19Z", "ms": -1572507700816.2188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T18:41:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T18:41:08Z", "ms": -1572499131700.1926 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T16:18:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T16:18:18Z", "ms": -1572421301507.1104 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-04T18:41:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T18:41:16Z", "ms": -1572412724143.0076 } }, "covered_min": 143, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:31 on Wed 3 Mar to 21:12 on Thu 4 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z → 1920-03-04T21:12:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:18–18:41 on the 3rd, 16:18–18:41 on the 4th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 143 minutes on the 3rd and 143 of 143 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9056 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 4 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Holikā Dahana 1920 falls on Thursday 4 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:31 on Wed 3 Mar to 21:12 on Thu 4 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9056, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-03T22:31:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z", "ms": -1572485316175.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-04T21:12:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-03T22:31:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z", "ms": -1572485316175.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-04T21:12:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-03T16:18:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T16:18:19Z", "ms": -1572507700816.2188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T18:41:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T18:41:08Z", "ms": -1572499131700.1926 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T16:18:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T16:18:18Z", "ms": -1572421301507.1104 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-04T18:41:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T18:41:16Z", "ms": -1572412724143.0076 } }, "covered_min": 143, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1920-03-04", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:31 on Wed 3 Mar to 21:12 on Thu 4 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z → 1920-03-04T21:12:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:18–18:41 on the 3rd, 16:18–18:41 on the 4th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 143 minutes on the 3rd and 143 of 143 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9056 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Thursday 4 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 5 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Holī 1920 falls on Friday 5 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Thursday 4 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:31 on Wed 3 Mar to 21:12 on Thu 4 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 4th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34423, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T21:12:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T20:23:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-05T20:23:58Z", "ms": -1572320162248.2576 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T21:12:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T20:23:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-05T20:23:58Z", "ms": -1572320162248.2576 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-05T06:45:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-05T06:45:55Z", "ms": -1572369245164.7292 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T06:45:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-05T06:45:55Z", "ms": -1572369245164.7292 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-06T06:45:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-06T06:45:20Z", "ms": -1572282879857.0518 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-06T06:45:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-06T06:45:20Z", "ms": -1572282879857.0518 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 21:12 on Thu 4 Mar to 20:24 on Fri 5 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z → 1920-03-05T20:23:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:46 on the 5th and 06:45 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34423 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Bamako, 1920: Friday 5 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vasantotsava 1920 falls on Friday 5 March. Pratipadā runs from 21:12 on Thu 4 Mar to 20:24 on Fri 5 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-03-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-07", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 33, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-07T20:42:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-07T20:42:55Z", "ms": -1572146224961.0906 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-08T21:54:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-08T21:54:42Z", "ms": -1572055517898.9893 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-07T20:42:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-07T20:42:55Z", "ms": -1572146224961.0906 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-08T21:54:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-08T21:54:42Z", "ms": -1572055517898.9893 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-07T21:05:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-07T21:05:08Z", "ms": -1572144892297.5496 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-07T21:05:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-07T21:05:08Z", "ms": -1572144892297.5496 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-08T21:55:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-08T21:55:15Z", "ms": -1572055484813.5764 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-08T21:55:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-08T21:55:15Z", "ms": -1572055484813.5764 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:43 on Sun 7 Mar to 21:55 on Mon 8 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-07T20:42:55Z → 1920-03-08T21:54:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:05 on the 7th and 21:55 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-07", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 7 March. Caturthī runs from 20:43 on Sun 7 Mar to 21:55 on Mon 8 Mar and is current at moonrise that day. It is 0 min 33 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-03-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18234, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-12T04:38:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-12T04:38:15Z", "ms": -1571772104541.5737 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-13T07:13:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-13T07:13:43Z", "ms": -1571676376847.7676 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-12T04:38:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-12T04:38:15Z", "ms": -1571772104541.5737 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-13T07:13:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-13T07:13:43Z", "ms": -1571676376847.7676 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-12T12:17:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-12T12:17:53Z", "ms": -1571744526538.2644 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-12T13:05:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-12T13:05:53Z", "ms": -1571741646538.2644 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-13T12:17:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-13T12:17:37Z", "ms": -1571658142891.1577 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-13T13:05:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-13T13:05:37Z", "ms": -1571655262891.1577 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 04:38 on Fri 12 Mar to 07:14 on Sat 13 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-12T04:38:15Z → 1920-03-13T07:13:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:18–13:06 on the 12th, 12:18–13:06 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18234 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 12 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śītalāṣṭamī 1920 falls on Friday 12 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 04:38 on Fri 12 Mar to 07:14 on Sat 13 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-15T11:25:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-15T11:25:26Z", "ms": -1571488473927.2341 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-16T12:39:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-16T12:39:22Z", "ms": -1571397638178.5476 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-15T11:25:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-15T11:25:26Z", "ms": -1571488473927.2341 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-16T12:39:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-16T12:39:22Z", "ms": -1571397638178.5476 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-15T06:39:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-15T06:39:50Z", "ms": -1571505609897.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-15T06:39:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-15T06:39:50Z", "ms": -1571505609897.7568 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-16T06:39:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-16T06:39:12Z", "ms": -1571419248093.5154 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-16T06:39:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-16T06:39:12Z", "ms": -1571419248093.5154 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:25 on Mon 15 Mar to 12:39 on Tue 16 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-15T11:25:26Z → 1920-03-16T12:39:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:40 on the 15th and 06:39 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17136 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 16 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Tuesday 16 March. Ekādaśī runs from 11:25 on Mon 15 Mar to 12:39 on Tue 16 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19856, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-17T13:11:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-17T13:11:30Z", "ms": -1571309310434.5527 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-18T13:02:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z", "ms": -1571223475071.2297 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-17T13:11:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-17T13:11:30Z", "ms": -1571309310434.5527 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-18T13:02:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z", "ms": -1571223475071.2297 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-17T18:42:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-17T18:42:25Z", "ms": -1571289454889.5425 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-17T20:17:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-17T20:17:49Z", "ms": -1571283730920.186 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-18T18:42:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T18:42:29Z", "ms": -1571203051189.85 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-18T20:17:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T20:17:47Z", "ms": -1571197332885.3684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:11 on Wed 17 Mar to 13:02 on Thu 18 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-17T13:11:30Z → 1920-03-18T13:02:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:42–20:18 on the 17th, 18:42–20:18 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 95 of 95 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 95 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19856 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 17 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 17 March. Trayodaśī runs from 13:11 on Wed 17 Mar to 13:02 on Thu 18 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-03-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40254, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-18T13:02:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z", "ms": -1571223475071.2297 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-19T12:14:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-19T12:14:47Z", "ms": -1571139913090.614 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-18T13:02:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z", "ms": -1571223475071.2297 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-19T12:14:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-19T12:14:47Z", "ms": -1571139913090.614 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-18T00:16:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T00:16:10Z", "ms": -1571269430004.4556 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-18T01:04:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T01:04:10Z", "ms": -1571266550004.4556 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-19T00:15:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-19T00:15:52Z", "ms": -1571183047548.0437 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-19T01:03:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-19T01:03:52Z", "ms": -1571180167548.0437 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:02 on Thu 18 Mar to 12:15 on Fri 19 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z → 1920-03-19T12:14:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:16–01:04 on the 17th, 00:16–01:04 on the 18th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 40254 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Thursday 18 March. Caturdaśī runs from 13:02 on Thu 18 Mar to 12:15 on Fri 19 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-03-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4811, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-20T10:55:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-20T10:55:25Z", "ms": -1571058274822.5566 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-21T09:10:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-21T09:10:54Z", "ms": -1570978146039.5999 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-20T10:55:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-20T10:55:25Z", "ms": -1571058274822.5566 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-21T09:10:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-21T09:10:54Z", "ms": -1570978146039.5999 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-20T12:15:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-20T12:15:36Z", "ms": -1571053463546.2039 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-20T13:03:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-20T13:03:36Z", "ms": -1571050583546.2039 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-21T12:15:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-21T12:15:19Z", "ms": -1570967081448.7942 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-21T13:03:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-21T13:03:19Z", "ms": -1570964201448.7942 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 10:55 on Sat 20 Mar to 09:11 on Sun 21 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-20T10:55:25Z → 1920-03-21T09:10:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 20th, 12:15–13:03 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4811 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Bamako, 1920: Saturday 20 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1920 falls on Saturday 20 March. Pratipadā runs from 10:55 on Sat 20 Mar to 09:11 on Sun 21 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18401, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T07:08:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z", "ms": -1570899100334.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T04:54:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T07:08:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z", "ms": -1570899100334.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T04:54:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T12:15:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T12:15:01Z", "ms": -1570880699467.809 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-22T13:03:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T13:03:01Z", "ms": -1570877819467.809 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:14:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T12:14:42Z", "ms": -1570794317587.2893 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T13:02:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T13:02:42Z", "ms": -1570791437587.2893 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:08 on Mon 22 Mar to 04:54 on Tue 23 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z → 1920-03-23T04:54:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:15–13:03 on the 22nd, 12:15–13:03 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18401 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1920: Monday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1920 falls on Monday 22 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:08 on Mon 22 Mar to 04:54 on Tue 23 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18401, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T07:08:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z", "ms": -1570899100334.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T04:54:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T07:08:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z", "ms": -1570899100334.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T04:54:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T12:15:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T12:15:01Z", "ms": -1570880699467.809 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-22T13:03:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T13:03:01Z", "ms": -1570877819467.809 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:14:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T12:14:42Z", "ms": -1570794317587.2893 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T13:02:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T13:02:42Z", "ms": -1570791437587.2893 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:08 on Mon 22 Mar to 04:54 on Tue 23 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z → 1920-03-23T04:54:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:15–13:03 on the 22nd, 12:15–13:03 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18401 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Monday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 22 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:08 on Mon 22 Mar to 04:54 on Tue 23 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-03-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26419, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T04:54:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-24T02:34:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z", "ms": -1570742703182.2478 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T04:54:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-24T02:34:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z", "ms": -1570742703182.2478 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:14:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T12:14:42Z", "ms": -1570794317587.2893 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T13:02:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T13:02:42Z", "ms": -1570791437587.2893 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-24T12:14:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T12:14:24Z", "ms": -1570707935790.98 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-24T13:02:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T13:02:24Z", "ms": -1570705055790.98 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:54 on Tue 23 Mar to 02:35 on Wed 24 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z → 1920-03-24T02:34:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:15–13:03 on the 23rd, 12:14–13:02 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26419 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 23 March. Caturthī runs from 04:54 on Tue 23 Mar to 02:35 on Wed 24 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34767, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-24T02:34:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z", "ms": -1570742703182.2478 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-25T00:14:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-25T00:14:51Z", "ms": -1570664709243.381 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-24T02:34:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z", "ms": -1570742703182.2478 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-25T00:14:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-25T00:14:51Z", "ms": -1570664709243.381 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-24T12:14:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T12:14:24Z", "ms": -1570707935790.98 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-24T13:02:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T13:02:24Z", "ms": -1570705055790.98 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-25T12:14:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-25T12:14:06Z", "ms": -1570621554062.0137 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-25T13:02:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-25T13:02:06Z", "ms": -1570618674062.0137 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 02:35 on Wed 24 Mar to 00:15 on Thu 25 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z → 1920-03-25T00:14:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 24th, 12:14–13:02 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34767 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1920 falls on Wednesday 24 March. Pañcamī runs from 02:35 on Wed 24 Mar to 00:15 on Thu 25 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16986, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-26T19:47:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-26T19:47:02Z", "ms": -1570507977637.3435 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-27T17:44:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z", "ms": -1570428924241.7786 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-26T19:47:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-26T19:47:02Z", "ms": -1570507977637.3435 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-27T17:44:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z", "ms": -1570428924241.7786 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-26T12:13:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-26T12:13:48Z", "ms": -1570535172382.6665 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-26T13:01:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-26T13:01:48Z", "ms": -1570532292382.6665 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-27T12:13:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T12:13:29Z", "ms": -1570448790734.2144 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-27T13:01:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T13:01:29Z", "ms": -1570445910734.2144 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:47 on Fri 26 Mar to 17:45 on Sat 27 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-26T19:47:02Z → 1920-03-27T17:44:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 26th, 12:13–13:01 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16986 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bhavānī Utpatti 1920 falls on Saturday 27 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:47 on Fri 26 Mar to 17:45 on Sat 27 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10288, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-27T17:44:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z", "ms": -1570428924241.7786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-28T15:52:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T15:52:39Z", "ms": -1570349240713.5432 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-27T17:44:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z", "ms": -1570428924241.7786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-28T15:52:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T15:52:39Z", "ms": -1570349240713.5432 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-27T12:13:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T12:13:29Z", "ms": -1570448790734.2144 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-27T13:01:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T13:01:29Z", "ms": -1570445910734.2144 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-28T12:13:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T12:13:11Z", "ms": -1570362409096.896 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-28T13:01:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T13:01:11Z", "ms": -1570359529096.896 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 17:45 on Sat 27 Mar to 15:53 on Sun 28 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z → 1920-03-28T15:52:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 27th, 12:13–13:01 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10288 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rāma Navamī 1920 falls on Sunday 28 March. Navamī runs from 17:45 on Sat 27 Mar to 15:53 on Sun 28 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22764, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-29T14:13:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-29T14:13:25Z", "ms": -1570268795155.675 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-30T12:49:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-30T12:49:28Z", "ms": -1570187432062.4954 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-29T14:13:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-29T14:13:25Z", "ms": -1570268795155.675 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-30T12:49:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-30T12:49:28Z", "ms": -1570187432062.4954 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-29T06:30:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-29T06:30:43Z", "ms": -1570296556995.0176 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-29T06:30:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-29T06:30:43Z", "ms": -1570296556995.0176 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-30T06:30:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-30T06:30:04Z", "ms": -1570210196360.9438 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-30T06:30:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-30T06:30:04Z", "ms": -1570210196360.9438 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:13 on Mon 29 Mar to 12:49 on Tue 30 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-29T14:13:25Z → 1920-03-30T12:49:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:31 on the 29th and 06:30 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22764 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Tuesday 30 March. Ekādaśī runs from 14:13 on Mon 29 Mar to 12:49 on Tue 30 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1700, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T11:43:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z", "ms": -1570104964163.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T11:00:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T11:43:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z", "ms": -1570104964163.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T11:00:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T12:12:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T12:12:16Z", "ms": -1570103264040.2683 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-31T13:00:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T13:00:16Z", "ms": -1570100384040.2683 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T12:11:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T12:11:58Z", "ms": -1570016882232.521 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T12:59:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T12:59:58Z", "ms": -1570014002232.521 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:44 on Wed 31 Mar to 11:00 on Thu 1 Apr.", "fact": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z → 1920-04-01T11:00:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 31st, 12:12–13:00 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1700 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 31 March. Trayodaśī runs from 11:44 on Wed 31 Mar to 11:00 on Thu 1 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25152, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T11:43:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z", "ms": -1570104964163.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T11:00:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T11:43:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z", "ms": -1570104964163.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T11:00:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T18:43:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T18:43:08Z", "ms": -1570079812437.388 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-31T20:17:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T20:17:13Z", "ms": -1570074167421.186 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T18:43:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T18:43:10Z", "ms": -1569993409649.168 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T20:17:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T20:17:10Z", "ms": -1569987770209.6917 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:44 on Wed 31 Mar to 11:00 on Thu 1 Apr.", "fact": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z → 1920-04-01T11:00:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:17 on the 31st, 18:43–20:17 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 94 of 94 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 94 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25152 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 31 March. Trayodaśī runs from 11:44 on Wed 31 Mar to 11:00 on Thu 1 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4293, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T11:00:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-02T10:42:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z", "ms": -1569935838406.404 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T11:00:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-02T10:42:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z", "ms": -1569935838406.404 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T12:11:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T12:11:58Z", "ms": -1570016882232.521 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T12:59:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T12:59:58Z", "ms": -1570014002232.521 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-02T12:11:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T12:11:40Z", "ms": -1569930500325.6924 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-02T12:59:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T12:59:40Z", "ms": -1569927620325.6924 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:00 on Thu 1 Apr to 10:43 on Fri 2 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z → 1920-04-02T10:42:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 1st, 12:12–13:00 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4293 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 1 April. Caturdaśī runs from 11:00 on Thu 1 Apr to 10:43 on Fri 2 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4622, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-04-02T10:42:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z", "ms": -1569935838406.404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-03T10:54:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-03T10:54:19Z", "ms": -1569848740749.6711 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-02T10:42:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z", "ms": -1569935838406.404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-03T10:54:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-03T10:54:19Z", "ms": -1569848740749.6711 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-02T12:11:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T12:11:40Z", "ms": -1569930500325.6924 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-02T12:59:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T12:59:40Z", "ms": -1569927620325.6924 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-03T12:11:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-03T12:11:22Z", "ms": -1569844118296.9016 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-03T12:59:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-03T12:59:22Z", "ms": -1569841238296.9016 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:43 on Fri 2 Apr to 10:54 on Sat 3 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z → 1920-04-03T10:54:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 2nd, 12:11–12:59 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4622 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1920: Friday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Friday 2 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:43 on Fri 2 Apr to 10:54 on Sat 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-04-06", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19342, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-06T14:40:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-06T14:40:59Z", "ms": -1569575941427.2214 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-07T16:53:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-07T16:53:21Z", "ms": -1569481598788.8555 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-06T14:40:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-06T14:40:59Z", "ms": -1569575941427.2214 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-07T16:53:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-07T16:53:21Z", "ms": -1569481598788.8555 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-06T21:26:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-06T21:26:18Z", "ms": -1569551621842.5752 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-06T21:26:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-06T21:26:18Z", "ms": -1569551621842.5752 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-07T22:15:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-07T22:15:43Z", "ms": -1569462256889.1865 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-07T22:15:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-07T22:15:43Z", "ms": -1569462256889.1865 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:41 on Tue 6 Apr to 16:53 on Wed 7 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-06T14:40:59Z → 1920-04-07T16:53:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:26 on the 6th and 22:16 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19342 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 6 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 6 April. Caturthī runs from 14:41 on Tue 6 Apr to 16:53 on Wed 7 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-04-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24144, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1920-04-12T23:38:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T23:38:49Z", "ms": -1569025271438.2793 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-13T20:40:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T20:40:30Z", "ms": -1566357570165.969 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-04-12T23:38:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T23:38:49Z", "ms": -1569025271438.2793 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-12T23:38:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T23:38:49Z", "ms": -1569025271438.2793 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-12T06:21:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T06:21:49Z", "ms": -1569087491183.3992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-13T06:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-13T06:21:13Z", "ms": -1569001127086.0369 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-13T06:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-13T06:21:13Z", "ms": -1569001127086.0369 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-14T06:20:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T06:20:37Z", "ms": -1568914762567.8423 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 23:39 on Mon 12 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-12T23:38:49Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:22 on the 12th, and from 06:21 on the 13th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 12th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 24144 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Bamako, 1920: Monday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1920-04-12", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1920-04-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vaiśākhī 1920 falls on Monday 12 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 23:39 on Mon 12 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. By the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 13 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-04-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6549, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-14T04:31:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T04:31:28Z", "ms": -1568921312023.3735 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-15T04:30:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T04:30:07Z", "ms": -1568834992978.243 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-14T04:31:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T04:31:28Z", "ms": -1568921312023.3735 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-15T04:30:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T04:30:07Z", "ms": -1568834992978.243 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-14T06:20:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T06:20:37Z", "ms": -1568914762567.8423 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-14T06:20:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T06:20:37Z", "ms": -1568914762567.8423 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-15T06:20:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T06:20:02Z", "ms": -1568828397609.1938 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-15T06:20:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T06:20:02Z", "ms": -1568828397609.1938 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:31 on Wed 14 Apr to 04:30 on Thu 15 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-14T04:31:28Z → 1920-04-15T04:30:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 14th and 06:20 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6549 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 14 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 14 April. Ekādaśī runs from 04:31 on Wed 14 Apr to 04:30 on Thu 15 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-04-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-04-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21548, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-16T03:43:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T03:43:39Z", "ms": -1568751380763.6067 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-17T02:15:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z", "ms": -1568670244450.7075 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-16T03:43:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T03:43:39Z", "ms": -1568751380763.6067 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-17T02:15:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z", "ms": -1568670244450.7075 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-15T18:44:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T18:44:04Z", "ms": -1568783755957.9702 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-15T20:16:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T20:16:47Z", "ms": -1568778192789.1074 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-16T18:44:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T18:44:10Z", "ms": -1568697350477.6008 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-16T20:16:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T20:16:47Z", "ms": -1568691792586.9 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:44 on Fri 16 Apr to 02:16 on Sat 17 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-16T03:43:39Z → 1920-04-17T02:15:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:17 on the 15th, 18:44–20:17 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 93 minutes on the 15th and 93 of 93 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21548 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Friday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Friday 16 April. Trayodaśī runs from 03:44 on Fri 16 Apr to 02:16 on Sat 17 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-04-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-04-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 348, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-17T02:15:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z", "ms": -1568670244450.7075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-18T00:13:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-18T00:13:06Z", "ms": -1568591214308.9048 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-17T02:15:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z", "ms": -1568670244450.7075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-18T00:13:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-18T00:13:06Z", "ms": -1568591214308.9048 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-17T00:07:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T00:07:32Z", "ms": -1568677948387.4722 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-17T00:55:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T00:55:32Z", "ms": -1568675068387.4722 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-18T00:07:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-18T00:07:18Z", "ms": -1568591562315.1814 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-18T00:55:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-18T00:55:18Z", "ms": -1568588682315.1814 } }, "covered_min": 6, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:16 on Sat 17 Apr to 00:13 on Sun 18 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z → 1920-04-18T00:13:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:08–00:56 on the 16th, 00:07–00:55 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 6 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 348 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 17 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Saturday 17 April. Caturdaśī runs from 02:16 on Sat 17 Apr to 00:13 on Sun 18 Apr and covers 6 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-04-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10330, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T15:52:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1568362055256.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T12:48:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T15:52:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1568362055256.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T12:48:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T18:44:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T18:44:34Z", "ms": -1568351725731.437 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-20T20:16:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T20:16:51Z", "ms": -1568346188653.7734 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T18:44:41+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T18:44:41Z", "ms": -1568265318818.7275 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T20:16:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T20:16:53Z", "ms": -1568259786862.7937 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:52 on Tue 20 Apr to 12:49 on Wed 21 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z → 1920-04-21T12:48:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:17 on the 20th, 18:45–20:17 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 92 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10330 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1920 falls on Tuesday 20 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:52 on Tue 20 Apr to 12:49 on Wed 21 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8570, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T15:52:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1568362055256.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T12:48:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T15:52:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1568362055256.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T12:48:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T06:17:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T06:17:14Z", "ms": -1568396565600.1174 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-20T10:26:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T10:26:21Z", "ms": -1568381618977.2239 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 249, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T06:16:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T06:16:42Z", "ms": -1568310197648.9597 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T10:26:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T10:26:02Z", "ms": -1568295238038.8823 } }, "covered_min": 249, "window_min": 249, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:52 on Tue 20 Apr to 12:49 on Wed 21 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z → 1920-04-21T12:48:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:17–10:26 on the 20th, 06:17–10:26 on the 21st.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 249 minutes on the 20th and 249 of 249 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8570 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1920 falls on Wednesday 21 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:52 on Tue 20 Apr to 12:49 on Wed 21 Apr and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-04-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 350, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T12:48:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T09:49:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z", "ms": -1568211006391.4165 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T12:48:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T09:49:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z", "ms": -1568211006391.4165 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T12:06:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:06:42Z", "ms": -1568289198233.8438 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T12:54:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:54:42Z", "ms": -1568286318233.8438 } }, "covered_min": 6, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T12:06:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T12:06:30Z", "ms": -1568202810379.4922 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T12:54:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T12:54:30Z", "ms": -1568199930379.4922 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:49 on Wed 21 Apr to 09:50 on Thu 22 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z → 1920-04-22T09:49:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 21st, 12:06–12:54 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 6 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 350 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Wednesday 21 April. Caturthī runs from 12:49 on Wed 21 Apr to 09:50 on Thu 22 Apr and covers 6 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-04-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8196, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T09:49:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z", "ms": -1568211006391.4165 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-23T07:02:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-23T07:02:11Z", "ms": -1568134668833.7468 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T09:49:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z", "ms": -1568211006391.4165 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-23T07:02:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-23T07:02:11Z", "ms": -1568134668833.7468 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T12:06:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T12:06:30Z", "ms": -1568202810379.4922 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T12:54:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T12:54:30Z", "ms": -1568199930379.4922 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-23T12:06:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-23T12:06:18Z", "ms": -1568116422094.243 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-23T12:54:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-23T12:54:18Z", "ms": -1568113542094.243 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 09:50 on Thu 22 Apr to 07:02 on Fri 23 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z → 1920-04-23T07:02:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 22nd, 12:06–12:54 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8196 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1920 falls on Thursday 22 April. Pañcamī runs from 09:50 on Thu 22 Apr to 07:02 on Fri 23 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27278, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-24T04:31:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-24T04:31:28Z", "ms": -1568057311853.6985 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-25T02:22:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-25T02:22:23Z", "ms": -1567978656931.6382 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-24T04:31:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-24T04:31:28Z", "ms": -1568057311853.6985 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-25T02:22:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-25T02:22:23Z", "ms": -1567978656931.6382 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-24T12:06:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-24T12:06:07Z", "ms": -1568030033368.9062 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-24T12:54:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-24T12:54:07Z", "ms": -1568027153368.9062 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-25T12:05:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-25T12:05:56Z", "ms": -1567943644193.483 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-25T12:53:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-25T12:53:56Z", "ms": -1567940764193.483 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 04:31 on Sat 24 Apr to 02:22 on Sun 25 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-24T04:31:28Z → 1920-04-25T02:22:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 24th, 12:06–12:54 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27278 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 24 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1920 falls on Saturday 24 April. Saptamī runs from 04:31 on Sat 24 Apr to 02:22 on Sun 25 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-04-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27529, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-27T22:34:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-27T22:34:26Z", "ms": -1567733134398.3315 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-28T22:16:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-27T22:34:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-27T22:34:26Z", "ms": -1567733134398.3315 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-28T22:16:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T06:13:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T06:13:14Z", "ms": -1567705605800.9883 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-28T06:13:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T06:13:14Z", "ms": -1567705605800.9883 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T06:12:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T06:12:47Z", "ms": -1567619233032.2031 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T06:12:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T06:12:47Z", "ms": -1567619233032.2031 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:34 on Tue 27 Apr to 22:16 on Wed 28 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-27T22:34:26Z → 1920-04-28T22:16:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:13 on the 28th and 06:13 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27529 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 28 April. Ekādaśī runs from 22:34 on Tue 27 Apr to 22:16 on Wed 28 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-04-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33769, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T22:16:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T22:27:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T22:16:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T22:27:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T12:05:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T12:05:26Z", "ms": -1567684473856.6804 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-28T12:53:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T12:53:26Z", "ms": -1567681593856.6804 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T12:05:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T12:05:17Z", "ms": -1567598082768.9546 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T12:53:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T12:53:17Z", "ms": -1567595202768.9546 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 22:16 on Wed 28 Apr to 22:27 on Thu 29 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z → 1920-04-29T22:27:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 28th, 12:05–12:53 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33769 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 29 April. Dvādaśī runs from 22:16 on Wed 28 Apr to 22:27 on Thu 29 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33769, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T22:16:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T22:27:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T22:16:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T22:27:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T12:05:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T12:05:26Z", "ms": -1567684473856.6804 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-28T12:53:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T12:53:26Z", "ms": -1567681593856.6804 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T12:05:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T12:05:17Z", "ms": -1567598082768.9546 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T12:53:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T12:53:17Z", "ms": -1567595202768.9546 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 22:16 on Wed 28 Apr to 22:27 on Thu 29 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z → 1920-04-29T22:27:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 28th, 12:05–12:53 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33769 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 29 April. Dvādaśī runs from 22:16 on Wed 28 Apr to 22:27 on Thu 29 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-04-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7801, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T22:27:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T23:07:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z", "ms": -1567471977548.8074 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T22:27:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T23:07:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z", "ms": -1567471977548.8074 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T18:45:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T18:45:47Z", "ms": -1567574052505.7063 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T20:17:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T20:17:20Z", "ms": -1567568560116.3916 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T18:45:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T18:45:57Z", "ms": -1567487642762.1182 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T20:17:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T20:17:25Z", "ms": -1567482155119.7856 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:27 on Thu 29 Apr to 23:07 on Fri 30 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z → 1920-04-30T23:07:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:46–20:17 on the 29th, 18:46–20:17 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 29th and 91 of 91 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7801 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Friday 30 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Friday 30 April. Trayodaśī runs from 22:27 on Thu 29 Apr to 23:07 on Fri 30 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-04-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10178, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T23:07:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z", "ms": -1567471977548.8074 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-02T00:14:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T23:07:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z", "ms": -1567471977548.8074 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-02T00:14:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T18:45:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T18:45:57Z", "ms": -1567487642762.1182 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T20:17:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T20:17:25Z", "ms": -1567482155119.7856 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-01T18:46:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-01T18:46:07Z", "ms": -1567401232676.0818 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-01T20:17:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-01T20:17:30Z", "ms": -1567395749731.477 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:07 on Fri 30 Apr to 00:14 on Sun 2 May.", "fact": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z → 1920-05-02T00:14:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:46–20:17 on the 30th, 18:46–20:18 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 91 minutes on the 30th and 91 of 91 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10178 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1920 falls on Saturday 1 May. Caturdaśī runs from 23:07 on Fri 30 Apr to 00:14 on Sun 2 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37073, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T00:14:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T01:46:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T01:46:53Z", "ms": -1567289586713.107 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T00:14:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T01:46:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T01:46:53Z", "ms": -1567289586713.107 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T12:04:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T12:04:54Z", "ms": -1567338906417.1118 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-02T12:52:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T12:52:54Z", "ms": -1567336026417.1118 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-03T12:04:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T12:04:47Z", "ms": -1567252513233.9087 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T12:52:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T12:52:47Z", "ms": -1567249633233.9087 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:14 on Sun 2 May to 01:47 on Mon 3 May.", "fact": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z → 1920-05-03T01:46:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 2nd, 12:05–12:53 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37073 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Sunday 2 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:14 on Sun 2 May to 01:47 on Mon 3 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37073, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T00:14:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T01:46:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T01:46:53Z", "ms": -1567289586713.107 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T00:14:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T01:46:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T01:46:53Z", "ms": -1567289586713.107 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T12:04:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T12:04:54Z", "ms": -1567338906417.1118 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-02T12:52:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T12:52:54Z", "ms": -1567336026417.1118 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-03T12:04:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T12:04:47Z", "ms": -1567252513233.9087 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T12:52:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T12:52:47Z", "ms": -1567249633233.9087 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:14 on Sun 2 May to 01:47 on Mon 3 May.", "fact": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z → 1920-05-03T01:46:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 2nd, 12:05–12:53 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37073 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 2 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:14 on Sun 2 May to 01:47 on Mon 3 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-05-06", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41084, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-06T08:23:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-06T08:23:08Z", "ms": -1567006611687.0925 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-07T10:54:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-07T10:54:18Z", "ms": -1566911141733.867 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-06T08:23:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-06T08:23:08Z", "ms": -1567006611687.0925 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-07T10:54:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-07T10:54:18Z", "ms": -1566911141733.867 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-05T20:58:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-05T20:58:24Z", "ms": -1567047695844.9004 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-05T20:58:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-05T20:58:24Z", "ms": -1567047695844.9004 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-06T21:46:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-06T21:46:14Z", "ms": -1566958425875.082 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-06T21:46:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-06T21:46:14Z", "ms": -1566958425875.082 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:23 on Thu 6 May to 10:54 on Fri 7 May.", "fact": "1920-05-06T08:23:08Z → 1920-05-07T10:54:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:58 on the 5th and 21:46 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 41084 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Thursday 6 May. Caturthī runs from 08:23 on Thu 6 May to 10:54 on Fri 7 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-05-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-05-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39702, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-13T18:18:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T18:18:42Z", "ms": -1566366077794.2922 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-14T17:09:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-14T17:09:11Z", "ms": -1566283849198.2944 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-13T18:18:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T18:18:42Z", "ms": -1566366077794.2922 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-14T17:09:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-14T17:09:11Z", "ms": -1566283849198.2944 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-13T06:07:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T06:07:44Z", "ms": -1566409936004.803 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-13T06:07:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T06:07:44Z", "ms": -1566409936004.803 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-14T06:07:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-14T06:07:28Z", "ms": -1566323551538.5745 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-14T06:07:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-14T06:07:28Z", "ms": -1566323551538.5745 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:19 on Thu 13 May to 17:09 on Fri 14 May.", "fact": "1920-05-13T18:18:42Z → 1920-05-14T17:09:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:08 on the 13th and 06:07 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39702 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aparā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 14 May. Ekādaśī runs from 18:19 on Thu 13 May to 17:09 on Fri 14 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-05-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-05-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12753, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-15T15:16:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T15:16:32Z", "ms": -1566204207827.011 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-16T12:46:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z", "ms": -1566126814062.858 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-15T15:16:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T15:16:32Z", "ms": -1566204207827.011 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-16T12:46:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z", "ms": -1566126814062.858 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-15T18:49:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T18:49:05Z", "ms": -1566191454545.8652 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-15T20:19:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T20:19:29Z", "ms": -1566186031276.3862 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-16T18:49:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T18:49:21Z", "ms": -1566105039313.8645 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-16T20:19:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T20:19:40Z", "ms": -1566099619801.9946 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:17 on Sat 15 May to 12:46 on Sun 16 May.", "fact": "1920-05-15T15:16:32Z → 1920-05-16T12:46:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:49–20:19 on the 15th, 18:49–20:20 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 90 of 90 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 90 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12753 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 15 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 15 May. Trayodaśī runs from 15:17 on Sat 15 May to 12:46 on Sun 16 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-05-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-05-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32055, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-16T12:46:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z", "ms": -1566126814062.858 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-17T09:46:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-17T09:46:19Z", "ms": -1566051221367.0635 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-16T12:46:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z", "ms": -1566126814062.858 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-17T09:46:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-17T09:46:19Z", "ms": -1566051221367.0635 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-16T00:04:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T00:04:03Z", "ms": -1566172557285.3188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-16T00:52:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T00:52:03Z", "ms": -1566169677285.3188 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-17T00:04:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-17T00:04:04Z", "ms": -1566086156144.3525 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-17T00:52:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-17T00:52:04Z", "ms": -1566083276144.3525 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:46 on Sun 16 May to 09:46 on Mon 17 May.", "fact": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z → 1920-05-17T09:46:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:04–00:52 on the 15th, 00:04–00:52 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32055 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 16 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Sunday 16 May. Caturdaśī runs from 12:46 on Sun 16 May to 09:46 on Mon 17 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-05-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24785, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-05-19T23:14:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-19T23:14:50Z", "ms": -1565829910178.3816 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-20T19:45:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z", "ms": -1565756075807.485 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-19T23:14:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-19T23:14:50Z", "ms": -1565829910178.3816 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-20T19:45:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z", "ms": -1565756075807.485 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-19T12:04:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-19T12:04:16Z", "ms": -1565870144139.8882 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-19T12:52:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-19T12:52:16Z", "ms": -1565867264139.8882 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T12:04:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T12:04:19Z", "ms": -1565783741199.6826 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-20T12:52:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T12:52:19Z", "ms": -1565780861199.6826 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 23:15 on Wed 19 May to 19:45 on Thu 20 May.", "fact": "1920-05-19T23:14:50Z → 1920-05-20T19:45:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 19th, 12:04–12:52 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24785 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1920 falls on Thursday 20 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 23:15 on Wed 19 May to 19:45 on Thu 20 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-05-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13170, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T19:45:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z", "ms": -1565756075807.485 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-21T16:31:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T16:31:52Z", "ms": -1565681287883.1272 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T19:45:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z", "ms": -1565756075807.485 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-21T16:31:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T16:31:52Z", "ms": -1565681287883.1272 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T12:04:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T12:04:19Z", "ms": -1565783741199.6826 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-20T12:52:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T12:52:19Z", "ms": -1565780861199.6826 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-21T12:04:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T12:04:22Z", "ms": -1565697337730.984 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-21T12:52:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T12:52:22Z", "ms": -1565694457730.984 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:45 on Thu 20 May to 16:32 on Fri 21 May.", "fact": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z → 1920-05-21T16:31:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 20th, 12:04–12:52 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13170 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Friday 21 May. Caturthī runs from 19:45 on Thu 20 May to 16:32 on Fri 21 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-05-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2412, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T13:42:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z", "ms": -1565605050759.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T11:24:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1565526941096.4097 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T13:42:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z", "ms": -1565605050759.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T11:24:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1565526941096.4097 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T12:04:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T12:04:26Z", "ms": -1565610933745.6636 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-22T12:52:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T12:52:26Z", "ms": -1565608053745.6636 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-23T12:04:31+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T12:04:31Z", "ms": -1565524529254.952 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T12:52:31+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T12:52:31Z", "ms": -1565521649254.952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:42 on Sat 22 May to 11:24 on Sun 23 May.", "fact": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z → 1920-05-23T11:24:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 22nd, 12:05–12:53 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 2412 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 23 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:42 on Sat 22 May to 11:24 on Sun 23 May, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2412, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T13:42:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z", "ms": -1565605050759.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T11:24:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1565526941096.4097 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T13:42:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z", "ms": -1565605050759.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T11:24:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1565526941096.4097 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T12:04:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T12:04:26Z", "ms": -1565610933745.6636 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-22T12:52:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T12:52:26Z", "ms": -1565608053745.6636 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-23T12:04:31+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T12:04:31Z", "ms": -1565524529254.952 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T12:52:31+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T12:52:31Z", "ms": -1565521649254.952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:42 on Sat 22 May to 11:24 on Sun 23 May.", "fact": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z → 1920-05-23T11:24:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 22nd, 12:05–12:53 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 2412 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Bamako, 1920: Sunday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-22", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1920 falls on Sunday 23 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:42 on Sat 22 May to 11:24 on Sun 23 May, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-05-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9208, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-27T08:38:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-27T08:38:52Z", "ms": -1565191267953.5125 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-28T09:33:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z", "ms": -1565101602885.8289 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-27T08:38:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-27T08:38:52Z", "ms": -1565191267953.5125 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-28T09:33:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z", "ms": -1565101602885.8289 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-27T06:05:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-27T06:05:24Z", "ms": -1565200475862.2783 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-27T06:05:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-27T06:05:24Z", "ms": -1565200475862.2783 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-28T06:05:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T06:05:20Z", "ms": -1565114079577.2551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-28T06:05:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T06:05:20Z", "ms": -1565114079577.2551 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:39 on Thu 27 May to 09:33 on Fri 28 May.", "fact": "1920-05-27T08:38:52Z → 1920-05-28T09:33:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:05 on the 27th and 06:05 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9208 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 28 May. Ekādaśī runs from 08:39 on Thu 27 May to 09:33 on Fri 28 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-05-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4002, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-28T09:33:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z", "ms": -1565101602885.8289 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-29T10:58:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z", "ms": -1565010094413.4565 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-28T09:33:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z", "ms": -1565101602885.8289 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-29T10:58:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z", "ms": -1565010094413.4565 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-28T12:05:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T12:05:00Z", "ms": -1565092499577.749 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-28T12:53:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T12:53:00Z", "ms": -1565089619577.749 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-29T12:05:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T12:05:08Z", "ms": -1565006092267.1235 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-29T12:53:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T12:53:08Z", "ms": -1565003212267.1235 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 09:33 on Fri 28 May to 10:58 on Sat 29 May.", "fact": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z → 1920-05-29T10:58:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 28th, 12:05–12:53 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4002 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 28 May. Dvādaśī runs from 09:33 on Fri 28 May to 10:58 on Sat 29 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-05-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21895, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-29T10:58:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z", "ms": -1565010094413.4565 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-30T12:48:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-30T12:48:20Z", "ms": -1564917099887.3992 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-29T10:58:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z", "ms": -1565010094413.4565 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-30T12:48:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-30T12:48:20Z", "ms": -1564917099887.3992 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-29T18:52:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T18:52:58Z", "ms": -1564981622058.9568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-29T20:22:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T20:22:36Z", "ms": -1564976243725.8853 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-30T18:53:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-30T18:53:16Z", "ms": -1564895204483.553 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-30T20:22:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-30T20:22:51Z", "ms": -1564889828664.3223 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:58 on Sat 29 May to 12:48 on Sun 30 May.", "fact": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z → 1920-05-30T12:48:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:53–20:23 on the 29th, 18:53–20:23 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 90 of 90 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 90 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21895 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 29 May. Trayodaśī runs from 10:58 on Sat 29 May to 12:48 on Sun 30 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-05-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5761, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-05-31T14:56:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-31T14:56:49Z", "ms": -1564822990653.8801 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-01T17:17:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-01T17:17:50Z", "ms": -1564728130080.5981 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-31T14:56:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-31T14:56:49Z", "ms": -1564822990653.8801 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-01T17:17:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-01T17:17:50Z", "ms": -1564728130080.5981 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-31T18:53:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-31T18:53:33Z", "ms": -1564808786869.3245 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-31T20:23:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-05-31T20:23:07Z", "ms": -1564803413462.2654 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-01T18:53:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-01T18:53:51Z", "ms": -1564722369234.0542 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-01T20:23:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-01T20:23:22Z", "ms": -1564716998136.0146 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:57 on Mon 31 May to 17:18 on Tue 1 Jun.", "fact": "1920-05-31T14:56:49Z → 1920-06-01T17:17:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:54–20:23 on the 31st, 18:54–20:23 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 90 of 90 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 90 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5761 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Monday 31 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 31 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:57 on Mon 31 May to 17:18 on Tue 1 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-06-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12119, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-05T00:36:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-05T00:36:43Z", "ms": -1564442596505.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-06T02:47:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-06T02:47:08Z", "ms": -1564348371763.8225 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-05T00:36:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-05T00:36:43Z", "ms": -1564442596505.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-06T02:47:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-06T02:47:08Z", "ms": -1564348371763.8225 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-04T21:14:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-04T21:14:44Z", "ms": -1564454715566.709 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-04T21:14:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-04T21:14:44Z", "ms": -1564454715566.709 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-05T21:58:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-05T21:58:19Z", "ms": -1564365700872.6362 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-05T21:58:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-05T21:58:19Z", "ms": -1564365700872.6362 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:37 on Sat 5 Jun to 02:47 on Sun 6 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-05T00:36:43Z → 1920-06-06T02:47:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:15 on the 4th and 21:58 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12119 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 5 June. Caturthī runs from 00:37 on Sat 5 Jun to 02:47 on Sun 6 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-06-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3932, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-12T05:00:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-12T05:00:26Z", "ms": -1563821973509.6895 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-13T02:57:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T02:57:25Z", "ms": -1563742954514.7415 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-12T05:00:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-12T05:00:26Z", "ms": -1563821973509.6895 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-13T02:57:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T02:57:25Z", "ms": -1563742954514.7415 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-12T06:05:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-12T06:05:59Z", "ms": -1563818041255.8174 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-12T06:05:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-12T06:05:59Z", "ms": -1563818041255.8174 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-13T06:06:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T06:06:07Z", "ms": -1563731632919.421 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-13T06:06:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T06:06:07Z", "ms": -1563731632919.421 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:00 on Sat 12 Jun to 02:57 on Sun 13 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-12T05:00:26Z → 1920-06-13T02:57:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:06 on the 12th and 06:06 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3932 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 12 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 12 June. Ekādaśī runs from 05:00 on Sat 12 Jun to 02:57 on Sun 13 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-06-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-06-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2253, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-14T00:16:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T00:16:27Z", "ms": -1563666212569.5098 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-14T21:04:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z", "ms": -1563591343502.6638 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-14T00:16:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T00:16:27Z", "ms": -1563666212569.5098 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-14T21:04:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z", "ms": -1563591343502.6638 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-13T18:57:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T18:57:17Z", "ms": -1563685363262.725 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-13T20:26:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T20:26:29Z", "ms": -1563680011354.771 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-14T18:57:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T18:57:33Z", "ms": -1563598947257.2388 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-14T20:26:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T20:26:44Z", "ms": -1563593596207.0732 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:16 on Mon 14 Jun to 21:04 on Mon 14 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-14T00:16:27Z → 1920-06-14T21:04:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:57–20:26 on the 13th, 18:58–20:27 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 13th and 89 of 89 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2253 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Monday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 14 June. Trayodaśī runs from 00:16 on Mon 14 Jun to 21:04 on Mon 14 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-06-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-06-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11023, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-14T21:04:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z", "ms": -1563591343502.6638 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-15T17:29:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-15T17:29:15Z", "ms": -1563517844778.2402 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-14T21:04:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z", "ms": -1563591343502.6638 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-15T17:29:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-15T17:29:15Z", "ms": -1563517844778.2402 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-15T00:07:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-15T00:07:59Z", "ms": -1563580320819.1177 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-15T00:55:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-15T00:55:59Z", "ms": -1563577440819.1177 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-16T00:08:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-16T00:08:12Z", "ms": -1563493907890.8252 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-16T00:56:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-16T00:56:12Z", "ms": -1563491027890.8252 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:04 on Mon 14 Jun to 17:29 on Tue 15 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z → 1920-06-15T17:29:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:08–00:56 on the 14th, 00:08–00:56 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11023 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1920: Monday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Monday 14 June. Caturdaśī runs from 21:04 on Mon 14 Jun to 17:29 on Tue 15 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-06-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8339, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-17T09:49:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-17T09:49:34Z", "ms": -1563372625928.9314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-18T06:05:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-18T06:05:46Z", "ms": -1563299653800.753 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-17T09:49:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-17T09:49:34Z", "ms": -1563372625928.9314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-18T06:05:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-18T06:05:46Z", "ms": -1563299653800.753 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-17T12:08:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-17T12:08:33Z", "ms": -1563364287346.4956 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-17T12:56:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-17T12:56:33Z", "ms": -1563361407346.4956 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-18T12:08:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-18T12:08:46Z", "ms": -1563277874424.1309 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-18T12:56:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-18T12:56:46Z", "ms": -1563274994424.1309 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 09:50 on Thu 17 Jun to 06:06 on Fri 18 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-17T09:49:34Z → 1920-06-18T06:05:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 17th, 12:09–12:57 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8339 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 17 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rathayātrā 1920 falls on Thursday 17 June. Dvitīyā runs from 09:50 on Thu 17 Jun to 06:06 on Fri 18 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-06-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34135, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-19T02:40:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T02:40:04Z", "ms": -1563225596478.0833 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-19T23:42:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z", "ms": -1563149856260.269 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-19T02:40:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T02:40:04Z", "ms": -1563225596478.0833 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-19T23:42:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z", "ms": -1563149856260.269 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-19T12:08:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T12:08:59Z", "ms": -1563191461465.9414 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-19T12:56:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T12:56:59Z", "ms": -1563188581465.9414 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-20T12:09:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T12:09:12Z", "ms": -1563105048499.895 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-20T12:57:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T12:57:12Z", "ms": -1563102168499.895 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:40 on Sat 19 Jun to 23:42 on Sat 19 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-19T02:40:04Z → 1920-06-19T23:42:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 19th, 12:09–12:57 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34135 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 19 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 19 June. Caturthī runs from 02:40 on Sat 19 Jun to 23:42 on Sat 19 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-06-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30263, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-19T23:42:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z", "ms": -1563149856260.269 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-20T21:21:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T21:21:35Z", "ms": -1563071905449.5305 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-19T23:42:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z", "ms": -1563149856260.269 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-20T21:21:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T21:21:35Z", "ms": -1563071905449.5305 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-19T12:08:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T12:08:59Z", "ms": -1563191461465.9414 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-19T12:56:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T12:56:59Z", "ms": -1563188581465.9414 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-20T12:09:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T12:09:12Z", "ms": -1563105048499.895 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-20T12:57:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T12:57:12Z", "ms": -1563102168499.895 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 23:42 on Sat 19 Jun to 21:22 on Sun 20 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z → 1920-06-20T21:21:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 19th, 12:09–12:57 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30263 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Skanda Pañcamī 1920 falls on Sunday 20 June. Pañcamī runs from 23:42 on Sat 19 Jun to 21:22 on Sun 20 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21464, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-21T19:44:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T19:44:30Z", "ms": -1562991330368.2463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-22T18:55:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-22T18:55:21Z", "ms": -1562907878937.936 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-21T19:44:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T19:44:30Z", "ms": -1562991330368.2463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-22T18:55:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-22T18:55:21Z", "ms": -1562907878937.936 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-21T12:09:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T12:09:24Z", "ms": -1563018635552.5303 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-21T12:57:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T12:57:24Z", "ms": -1563015755552.5303 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-22T12:09:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-22T12:09:37Z", "ms": -1562932222648.9834 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-22T12:57:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-22T12:57:37Z", "ms": -1562929342648.9834 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 19:44 on Mon 21 Jun to 18:55 on Tue 22 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-21T19:44:30Z → 1920-06-22T18:55:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 21st, 12:10–12:58 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21464 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 22 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vivasvat Saptamī 1920 falls on Tuesday 22 June. Saptamī runs from 19:44 on Mon 21 Jun to 18:55 on Tue 22 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-06-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25658, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-25T21:05:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-25T21:05:33Z", "ms": -1562640866963.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-26T23:01:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-26T23:01:20Z", "ms": -1562547520072.5444 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-25T21:05:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-25T21:05:33Z", "ms": -1562640866963.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-26T23:01:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-26T23:01:20Z", "ms": -1562547520072.5444 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-26T06:08:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-26T06:08:43Z", "ms": -1562608276837.74 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-26T06:08:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-26T06:08:43Z", "ms": -1562608276837.74 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-27T06:08:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-27T06:08:58Z", "ms": -1562521862065.7634 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-27T06:08:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-27T06:08:58Z", "ms": -1562521862065.7634 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:06 on Fri 25 Jun to 23:01 on Sat 26 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-25T21:05:33Z → 1920-06-26T23:01:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:09 on the 26th and 06:09 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25658 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 26 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 26 June. Ekādaśī runs from 21:06 on Fri 25 Jun to 23:01 on Sat 26 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-06-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-06-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17294, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-28T01:17:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-28T01:17:48Z", "ms": -1562452932108.65 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-29T03:45:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-29T03:45:10Z", "ms": -1562357690132.2224 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-28T01:17:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-28T01:17:48Z", "ms": -1562452932108.65 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-29T03:45:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-29T03:45:10Z", "ms": -1562357690132.2224 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-27T19:00:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-27T19:00:23Z", "ms": -1562475577122.2346 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-27T20:29:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-27T20:29:34Z", "ms": -1562470226441.5532 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-28T19:00:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-28T19:00:32Z", "ms": -1562389167834.614 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-28T20:29:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-28T20:29:44Z", "ms": -1562383816351.8555 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:18 on Mon 28 Jun to 03:45 on Tue 29 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-28T01:17:48Z → 1920-06-29T03:45:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:00–20:30 on the 27th, 19:01–20:30 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 27th and 89 of 89 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17294 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Monday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 28 June. Trayodaśī runs from 01:18 on Mon 28 Jun to 03:45 on Tue 29 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-06-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 231, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T06:14:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T08:40:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T06:14:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T08:40:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T06:09:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:09:44Z", "ms": -1562262616178.0283 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-30T08:43:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T08:43:57Z", "ms": -1562253363184.2866 } }, "covered_min": 149, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-01T06:10:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T06:10:00Z", "ms": -1562176200431.0684 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T08:44:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:44:11Z", "ms": -1562166949125.6802 } }, "covered_min": 150, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 08:40 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z → 1920-07-01T08:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:10–08:44 on the 30th, 06:10–08:44 on the 1st.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 149 of 154 minutes on the 30th and 150 of 154 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither morning qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 231 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vyāsa Pūjā 1920 falls on Wednesday 30 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 08:40 on Thu 1 Jul, and reaches the first three muhūrtas after sunrise on neither day. It is 3 min 51 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12668, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T06:14:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T08:40:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T06:14:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T08:40:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T12:11:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T12:11:16Z", "ms": -1562240923693.6743 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-30T12:59:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T12:59:16Z", "ms": -1562238043693.6743 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-01T12:11:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T12:11:28Z", "ms": -1562154512167.5981 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T12:59:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T12:59:28Z", "ms": -1562151632167.5981 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 08:40 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z → 1920-07-01T08:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 30th, 12:11–12:59 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12668 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Guru Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Wednesday 30 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 08:40 on Thu 1 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27985, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T06:14:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T08:40:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T06:14:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T08:40:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T16:26:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T16:26:36Z", "ms": -1562225604203.062 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-30T19:00:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T19:00:49Z", "ms": -1562216351209.3203 } }, "covered_min": 154, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-01T16:26:45+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T16:26:45Z", "ms": -1562139195209.516 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T19:00:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T19:00:56Z", "ms": -1562129943904.128 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 08:40 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z → 1920-07-01T08:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:27–19:01 on the 30th, 16:27–19:01 on the 1st.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 154 of 154 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 154 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27985 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kokilā Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 30 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 08:40 on Thu 1 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35103, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T06:14:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T08:40:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T06:14:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T08:40:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-29T19:00:41+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-29T19:00:41Z", "ms": -1562302759191.438 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-29T20:29:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-29T20:29:53Z", "ms": -1562297406789.6501 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T19:00:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T19:00:49Z", "ms": -1562216351209.3203 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-30T20:30:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T20:30:02Z", "ms": -1562210997772.22 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 08:40 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z → 1920-07-01T08:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:30 on the 29th, 19:01–20:30 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 29th and 89 of 89 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35103 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śiva Śayanotsava 1920 falls on Wednesday 30 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 08:40 on Thu 1 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27702, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-07-02T10:56:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-02T10:56:11Z", "ms": -1562072629305.2876 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-03T12:58:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-03T12:58:19Z", "ms": -1561978900754.3052 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-02T10:56:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-02T10:56:11Z", "ms": -1562072629305.2876 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-03T12:58:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-03T12:58:19Z", "ms": -1561978900754.3052 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-02T19:57:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-02T19:57:17Z", "ms": -1562040162618.9338 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-02T19:57:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-02T19:57:17Z", "ms": -1562040162618.9338 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-03T20:40:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-03T20:40:01Z", "ms": -1561951198773.966 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-03T20:40:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-03T20:40:01Z", "ms": -1561951198773.966 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 10:56 on Fri 2 Jul to 12:58 on Sat 3 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-02T10:56:11Z → 1920-07-03T12:58:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:57 on the 2nd and 20:40 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27702 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Bamako, 1920: Friday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1920 falls on Friday 2 July. Dvitīyā runs from 10:56 on Fri 2 Jul to 12:58 on Sat 3 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-07-04", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21353, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-04T14:42:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-04T14:42:59Z", "ms": -1561886221035.0662 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-05T16:06:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-05T16:06:13Z", "ms": -1561794827262.729 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-04T14:42:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-04T14:42:59Z", "ms": -1561886221035.0662 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-05T16:06:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-05T16:06:13Z", "ms": -1561794827262.729 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-04T21:21:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-04T21:21:27Z", "ms": -1561862313293.5852 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-04T21:21:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-04T21:21:27Z", "ms": -1561862313293.5852 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-05T22:02:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-05T22:02:06Z", "ms": -1561773473824.9968 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-05T22:02:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-05T22:02:06Z", "ms": -1561773473824.9968 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:43 on Sun 4 Jul to 16:06 on Mon 5 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-04T14:42:59Z → 1920-07-05T16:06:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:21 on the 4th and 22:02 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21353 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 4 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 4 July. Caturthī runs from 14:43 on Sun 4 Jul to 16:06 on Mon 5 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-07-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-07-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15511, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-11T13:09:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-11T13:09:53Z", "ms": -1561287006543.8748 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-12T10:31:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T10:31:32Z", "ms": -1561210108149.4421 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-11T13:09:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-11T13:09:53Z", "ms": -1561287006543.8748 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-12T10:31:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T10:31:32Z", "ms": -1561210108149.4421 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-11T06:12:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-11T06:12:44Z", "ms": -1561312036005.6748 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-11T06:12:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-11T06:12:44Z", "ms": -1561312036005.6748 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-12T06:13:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T06:13:01Z", "ms": -1561225619335.057 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-12T06:13:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T06:13:01Z", "ms": -1561225619335.057 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:10 on Sun 11 Jul to 10:32 on Mon 12 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-11T13:09:53Z → 1920-07-12T10:31:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:13 on the 11th and 06:13 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15511 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Monday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Monday 12 July. Ekādaśī runs from 13:10 on Sun 11 Jul to 10:32 on Mon 12 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-07-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-07-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26546, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-13T07:23:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T07:23:33Z", "ms": -1561134987173.83 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-14T03:53:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1561061190724.2314 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-13T07:23:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T07:23:33Z", "ms": -1561134987173.83 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-14T03:53:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1561061190724.2314 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-12T19:01:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T19:01:28Z", "ms": -1561179512129.9978 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-12T20:31:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T20:31:02Z", "ms": -1561174137541.0525 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-13T19:01:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T19:01:26Z", "ms": -1561093113974.884 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-13T20:31:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T20:31:03Z", "ms": -1561087736933.4836 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:24 on Tue 13 Jul to 03:53 on Wed 14 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-13T07:23:33Z → 1920-07-14T03:53:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:31 on the 12th, 19:01–20:31 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 90 minutes on the 12th and 90 of 90 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26546 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 13 July. Trayodaśī runs from 07:24 on Tue 13 Jul to 03:53 on Wed 14 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-07-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-07-13", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-13", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 190, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-14T03:53:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1561061190724.2314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-15T00:10:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-15T00:10:27Z", "ms": -1560988173164.7087 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-14T03:53:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1561061190724.2314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-15T00:10:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-15T00:10:27Z", "ms": -1560988173164.7087 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-14T00:13:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T00:13:30Z", "ms": -1561074390069.6323 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-14T01:01:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T01:01:30Z", "ms": -1561071510069.6323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-15T00:13:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-15T00:13:37Z", "ms": -1560987983188.079 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-15T01:01:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-15T01:01:37Z", "ms": -1560985103188.079 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 03:53 on Wed 14 Jul to 00:10 on Thu 15 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z → 1920-07-15T00:10:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:13–01:01 on the 13th, 00:14–01:02 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither night qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 190 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-13", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-13", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Tuesday 13 July. Caturdaśī runs from 03:53 on Wed 14 Jul to 00:10 on Thu 15 Jul, and reaches niśītha on neither day. It is 3 min 10 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-07-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-07-18", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5695, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-18T10:38:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-18T10:38:56Z", "ms": -1560691264068.6873 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-19T08:28:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-19T08:28:55Z", "ms": -1560612665026.318 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-18T10:38:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-18T10:38:56Z", "ms": -1560691264068.6873 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-19T08:28:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-19T08:28:55Z", "ms": -1560612665026.318 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-18T12:13:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-18T12:13:51Z", "ms": -1560685568643.9521 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-18T13:01:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-18T13:01:51Z", "ms": -1560682688643.9521 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-19T12:13:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-19T12:13:56Z", "ms": -1560599164278.8599 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-19T13:01:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-19T13:01:56Z", "ms": -1560596284278.8599 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:39 on Sun 18 Jul to 08:29 on Mon 19 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-18T10:38:56Z → 1920-07-19T08:28:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 18th, 12:14–13:02 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5695 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 18 July. Caturthī runs from 10:39 on Sun 18 Jul to 08:29 on Mon 19 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-07-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-07-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Śukla Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20494, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-25T11:57:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-25T11:57:58Z", "ms": -1560081722187.2637 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-26T14:26:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-26T14:26:04Z", "ms": -1559986436351.3506 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-25T11:57:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-25T11:57:58Z", "ms": -1560081722187.2637 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-26T14:26:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-26T14:26:04Z", "ms": -1559986436351.3506 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-25T06:16:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-25T06:16:24Z", "ms": -1560102215782.6226 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-25T06:16:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-25T06:16:24Z", "ms": -1560102215782.6226 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-26T06:16:38+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-26T06:16:38Z", "ms": -1560015801837.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-26T06:16:38+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-26T06:16:38Z", "ms": -1560015801837.6707 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:58 on Sun 25 Jul to 14:26 on Mon 26 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-25T11:57:58Z → 1920-07-26T14:26:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:16 on the 25th and 06:17 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20494 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Monday 26 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Monday 26 July. Ekādaśī runs from 11:58 on Sun 25 Jul to 14:26 on Mon 26 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-07-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-07-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-27", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1245, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-27T16:56:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-27T16:56:43Z", "ms": -1559890997412.9084 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-28T19:19:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-28T19:19:57Z", "ms": -1559796002679.9585 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-27T16:56:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-27T16:56:43Z", "ms": -1559890997412.9084 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-28T19:19:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-28T19:19:57Z", "ms": -1559796002679.9585 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-27T18:59:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-27T18:59:28Z", "ms": -1559883632275.8713 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-27T20:29:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-27T20:29:49Z", "ms": -1559878211292.436 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-28T18:59:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-28T18:59:13Z", "ms": -1559797247467.3447 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-28T20:29:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-07-28T20:29:37Z", "ms": -1559791822728.1812 } }, "covered_min": 21, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:57 on Tue 27 Jul to 19:20 on Wed 28 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-27T16:56:43Z → 1920-07-28T19:19:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:59–20:30 on the 27th, 18:59–20:30 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 90 of 90 minutes on the 27th and 21 of 90 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1245 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 27 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-27", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-27", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 27 July. Trayodaśī runs from 16:57 on Tue 27 Jul to 19:20 on Wed 28 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 21 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-07-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-08-03", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20352, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-03T02:41:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-03T02:41:44Z", "ms": -1559337496200.1616 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-04T03:03:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-04T03:03:47Z", "ms": -1559249773227.7136 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-03T02:41:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-03T02:41:44Z", "ms": -1559337496200.1616 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-04T03:03:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-04T03:03:47Z", "ms": -1559249773227.7136 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-02T20:43:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-02T20:43:20Z", "ms": -1559358999680.8962 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-02T20:43:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-02T20:43:20Z", "ms": -1559358999680.8962 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-03T21:24:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-03T21:24:34Z", "ms": -1559270125500.9326 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-03T21:24:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-03T21:24:34Z", "ms": -1559270125500.9326 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:42 on Tue 3 Aug to 03:04 on Wed 4 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-03T02:41:44Z → 1920-08-04T03:03:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:43 on the 2nd and 21:25 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20352 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 3 August. Caturthī runs from 02:42 on Tue 3 Aug to 03:04 on Wed 4 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-08-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-08-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37380, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-09T19:34:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-09T19:34:09Z", "ms": -1558758351250.7686 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-10T16:42:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-10T16:42:27Z", "ms": -1558682253314.6265 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-09T19:34:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-09T19:34:09Z", "ms": -1558758351250.7686 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-10T16:42:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-10T16:42:27Z", "ms": -1558682253314.6265 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-09T06:19:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-09T06:19:18Z", "ms": -1558806042168.7302 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-09T06:19:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-09T06:19:18Z", "ms": -1558806042168.7302 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-10T06:19:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-10T06:19:27Z", "ms": -1558719633421.4314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-10T06:19:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-10T06:19:27Z", "ms": -1558719633421.4314 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:34 on Mon 9 Aug to 16:42 on Tue 10 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-09T19:34:09Z → 1920-08-10T16:42:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:19 on the 9th and 06:19 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37380 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Tuesday 10 August. Ekādaśī runs from 19:34 on Mon 9 Aug to 16:42 on Tue 10 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-08-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-08-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19269, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-11T13:33:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T13:33:03Z", "ms": -1558607217121.0366 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-12T10:13:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z", "ms": -1558532770196.4307 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-11T13:33:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T13:33:03Z", "ms": -1558607217121.0366 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-12T10:13:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z", "ms": -1558532770196.4307 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-11T18:54:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T18:54:12Z", "ms": -1558587948356.055 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-11T20:25:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T20:25:36Z", "ms": -1558582464178.14 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-12T18:53:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T18:53:44Z", "ms": -1558501575700.4214 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-12T20:25:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T20:25:13Z", "ms": -1558496086857.1704 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:33 on Wed 11 Aug to 10:14 on Thu 12 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-11T13:33:03Z → 1920-08-12T10:13:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:54–20:26 on the 11th, 18:54–20:25 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 91 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19269 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 11 August. Trayodaśī runs from 13:33 on Wed 11 Aug to 10:14 on Thu 12 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-08-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-08-12", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21191, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-12T10:13:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z", "ms": -1558532770196.4307 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-13T06:53:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-13T06:53:58Z", "ms": -1558458361760.74 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-12T10:13:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z", "ms": -1558532770196.4307 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-13T06:53:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-13T06:53:58Z", "ms": -1558458361760.74 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-12T00:12:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T00:12:57Z", "ms": -1558568822688.8738 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-12T01:00:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T01:00:57Z", "ms": -1558565942688.8738 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-13T00:12:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-13T00:12:47Z", "ms": -1558482432538.2305 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-13T01:00:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-13T01:00:47Z", "ms": -1558479552538.2305 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:14 on Thu 12 Aug to 06:54 on Fri 13 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z → 1920-08-13T06:53:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:13–01:01 on the 11th, 00:13–01:01 on the 12th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21191 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Thursday 12 August. Caturdaśī runs from 10:14 on Thu 12 Aug to 06:54 on Fri 13 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-08-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28174, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-15T22:31:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-15T22:31:47Z", "ms": -1558229293455.897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-16T20:49:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z", "ms": -1558149026580.4524 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-15T22:31:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-15T22:31:47Z", "ms": -1558229293455.897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-16T20:49:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z", "ms": -1558149026580.4524 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-15T12:12:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-15T12:12:11Z", "ms": -1558266468620.9443 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-15T13:00:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-15T13:00:11Z", "ms": -1558263588620.9443 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T12:12:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T12:12:00Z", "ms": -1558180080450.855 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-16T13:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T13:00:00Z", "ms": -1558177200450.855 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 22:32 on Sun 15 Aug to 20:50 on Mon 16 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-15T22:31:47Z → 1920-08-16T20:49:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 15th, 12:12–13:00 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28174 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1920: Monday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1920 falls on Monday 16 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 22:32 on Sun 15 Aug to 20:50 on Mon 16 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-08-17", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24795, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T20:49:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z", "ms": -1558149026580.4524 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T19:53:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z", "ms": -1558066017884.3901 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T20:49:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z", "ms": -1558149026580.4524 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T19:53:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z", "ms": -1558066017884.3901 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T12:12:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T12:12:00Z", "ms": -1558180080450.855 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-16T13:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T13:00:00Z", "ms": -1558177200450.855 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T12:11:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T12:11:47Z", "ms": -1558093692809.9663 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T12:59:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T12:59:47Z", "ms": -1558090812809.9663 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:50 on Mon 16 Aug to 19:53 on Tue 17 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z → 1920-08-17T19:53:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 16th, 12:12–13:00 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24795 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 17 August. Caturthī runs from 20:50 on Mon 16 Aug to 19:53 on Tue 17 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-08-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24388, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T19:53:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z", "ms": -1558066017884.3901 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-18T19:46:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T19:46:02Z", "ms": -1557980037685.329 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T19:53:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z", "ms": -1558066017884.3901 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-18T19:46:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T19:46:02Z", "ms": -1557980037685.329 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T12:11:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T12:11:47Z", "ms": -1558093692809.9663 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T12:59:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T12:59:47Z", "ms": -1558090812809.9663 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-18T12:11:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T12:11:34Z", "ms": -1558007305690.6719 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-18T12:59:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T12:59:34Z", "ms": -1558004425690.6719 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:53 on Tue 17 Aug to 19:46 on Wed 18 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z → 1920-08-18T19:46:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 17th, 12:12–13:00 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24388 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nāga Pañcamī 1920 falls on Wednesday 18 August. Pañcamī runs from 19:53 on Tue 17 Aug to 19:46 on Wed 18 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-08-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2947, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-24T04:46:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-24T04:46:57Z", "ms": -1557515583132.1152 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-25T07:10:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z", "ms": -1557420599259.545 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-24T04:46:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-24T04:46:57Z", "ms": -1557515583132.1152 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-25T07:10:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z", "ms": -1557420599259.545 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-24T06:20:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-24T06:20:50Z", "ms": -1557509949871.1387 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-24T06:20:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-24T06:20:50Z", "ms": -1557509949871.1387 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-25T06:20:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T06:20:53Z", "ms": -1557423546586.5898 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-25T06:20:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T06:20:53Z", "ms": -1557423546586.5898 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:47 on Tue 24 Aug to 07:10 on Wed 25 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-24T04:46:57Z → 1920-08-25T07:10:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 24th and 06:21 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 2947 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Putradā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 25 August. Ekādaśī runs from 04:47 on Tue 24 Aug to 07:10 on Wed 25 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-08-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10398, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-25T07:10:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z", "ms": -1557420599259.545 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-26T09:16:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z", "ms": -1557326624114.957 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-25T07:10:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z", "ms": -1557420599259.545 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-26T09:16:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z", "ms": -1557326624114.957 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-25T12:09:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T12:09:50Z", "ms": -1557402609549.9019 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-25T12:57:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T12:57:50Z", "ms": -1557399729549.9019 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-26T12:09:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T12:09:34Z", "ms": -1557316226181.5562 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-26T12:57:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T12:57:34Z", "ms": -1557313346181.5562 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 07:10 on Wed 25 Aug to 09:16 on Thu 26 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z → 1920-08-26T09:16:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 25th, 12:10–12:58 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10398 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 25 August. Dvādaśī runs from 07:10 on Wed 25 Aug to 09:16 on Thu 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-08-26", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28005, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-26T09:16:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z", "ms": -1557326624114.957 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-27T10:58:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T10:58:49Z", "ms": -1557234070860.7383 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-26T09:16:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z", "ms": -1557326624114.957 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-27T10:58:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T10:58:49Z", "ms": -1557234070860.7383 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-26T18:46:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T18:46:11Z", "ms": -1557292428744.3271 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-26T20:18:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T20:18:50Z", "ms": -1557286870372.5415 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-27T18:45:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T18:45:35Z", "ms": -1557206065474.8826 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-27T20:18:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T20:18:18Z", "ms": -1557200501889.4033 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:16 on Thu 26 Aug to 10:59 on Fri 27 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z → 1920-08-27T10:58:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:46–20:19 on the 26th, 18:46–20:18 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 93 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28005 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Thursday 26 August. Trayodaśī runs from 09:16 on Thu 26 Aug to 10:59 on Fri 27 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-08-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 20357, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T12:14:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z", "ms": -1557143138132.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T13:02:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1557053855181.7634 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1920-08-29T00:41:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T00:41:46Z", "ms": -1557098293552.6904 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T13:02:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1557053855181.7634 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T06:21:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T06:21:01Z", "ms": -1557164338583.7878 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T06:21:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T06:21:04Z", "ms": -1557077936488.6677 } }, "covered_min": 339, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-29T06:21:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T06:21:04Z", "ms": -1557077936488.6677 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-30T06:21:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T06:21:05Z", "ms": -1556991534655.5327 } }, "covered_min": 401, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:14 on Sat 28 Aug to 13:02 on Sun 29 Aug. Its second half begins at 00:42 on Sun 29 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z → 1920-08-29T13:02:25Z · second half from 1920-08-29T00:41:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:21 on the 28th, and from 06:21 on the 29th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 339 of 1440 minutes on the 28th and 401 of 1440 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 20357 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1920 falls on Sunday 29 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 00:42 on Sun 29 Aug to 13:02 on Sun 29 Aug and falls on two days: 401 minutes of it on the 29th, 339 on the 28th; the rule does not say which to take, and the day that holds more of it is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 323, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T12:14:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z", "ms": -1557143138132.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T13:02:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1557053855181.7634 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T12:14:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z", "ms": -1557143138132.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T13:02:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1557053855181.7634 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T12:08:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T12:08:59Z", "ms": -1557143460632.9875 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-28T12:56:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T12:56:59Z", "ms": -1557140580632.9875 } }, "covered_min": 43, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-29T12:08:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T12:08:42Z", "ms": -1557057078416.0586 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T12:56:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T12:56:42Z", "ms": -1557054198416.0586 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:14 on Sat 28 Aug to 13:02 on Sun 29 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z → 1920-08-29T13:02:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 28th, 12:09–12:57 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 43 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 323 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1920 falls on Sunday 29 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:14 on Sat 28 Aug to 13:02 on Sun 29 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 43 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21572, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-30T13:24:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T13:24:16Z", "ms": -1556966143890.55 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-31T13:22:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z", "ms": -1556879879351.6477 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-30T13:24:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T13:24:16Z", "ms": -1556966143890.55 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-31T13:22:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z", "ms": -1556879879351.6477 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-30T19:23:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T19:23:48Z", "ms": -1556944571703.4395 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-30T19:23:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T19:23:48Z", "ms": -1556944571703.4395 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-31T20:06:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T20:06:28Z", "ms": -1556855611606.5916 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-31T20:06:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T20:06:28Z", "ms": -1556855611606.5916 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 13:24 on Mon 30 Aug to 13:22 on Tue 31 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-30T13:24:16Z → 1920-08-31T13:22:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:24 on the 30th and 20:06 on the 31st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21572 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Monday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 30 August. Dvitīyā runs from 13:24 on Mon 30 Aug to 13:22 on Tue 31 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 116, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-31T13:22:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z", "ms": -1556879879351.6477 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T12:57:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-31T13:22:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z", "ms": -1556879879351.6477 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T12:57:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-31T12:08:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T12:08:05Z", "ms": -1556884315001.3535 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-31T12:56:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T12:56:05Z", "ms": -1556881435001.3535 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T12:07:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:07:46Z", "ms": -1556797933763.6006 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T12:55:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:55:46Z", "ms": -1556795053763.6006 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 13:22 on Tue 31 Aug to 12:58 on Wed 1 Sep.", "fact": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z → 1920-09-01T12:57:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 31st, 12:08–12:56 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 116 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1920 falls on Wednesday 1 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 13:22 on Tue 31 Aug to 12:58 on Wed 1 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It is 1 min 56 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11787, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T12:57:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T12:12:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:12:55Z", "ms": -1556711225266.1218 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T12:57:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T12:12:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:12:55Z", "ms": -1556711225266.1218 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T16:14:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T16:14:09Z", "ms": -1556783150994.8533 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T18:42:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T18:42:24Z", "ms": -1556774255815.6882 } }, "covered_min": 148, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-02T16:13:38+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T16:13:38Z", "ms": -1556696782158.2378 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T18:41:45+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T18:41:45Z", "ms": -1556687895055.9014 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:58 on Wed 1 Sep to 12:13 on Thu 2 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z → 1920-09-02T12:12:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:14–18:42 on the 1st, 16:14–18:42 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 148 of 148 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 148 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11787 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bahulā Caturthī 1920 falls on Wednesday 1 September. Caturthī runs from 12:58 on Wed 1 Sep to 12:13 on Thu 2 Sep and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-09-01", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28386, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T12:57:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T12:12:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:12:55Z", "ms": -1556711225266.1218 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T12:57:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T12:12:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:12:55Z", "ms": -1556711225266.1218 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T20:50:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T20:50:48Z", "ms": -1556766552038.321 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T20:50:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T20:50:48Z", "ms": -1556766552038.321 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-02T21:37:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T21:37:32Z", "ms": -1556677347607.32 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T21:37:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T21:37:32Z", "ms": -1556677347607.32 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:58 on Wed 1 Sep to 12:13 on Thu 2 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z → 1920-09-02T12:12:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:51 on the 1st and 21:38 on the 2nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 1st and is not on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28386 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Wednesday 1 September. Caturthī runs from 12:58 on Wed 1 Sep to 12:13 on Thu 2 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3516, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-03T11:08:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-03T11:08:32Z", "ms": -1556628687774.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-04T09:45:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z", "ms": -1556547299954.414 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-03T11:08:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-03T11:08:32Z", "ms": -1556628687774.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-04T09:45:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z", "ms": -1556547299954.414 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-03T12:07:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-03T12:07:08Z", "ms": -1556625172125.3389 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-03T12:55:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-03T12:55:08Z", "ms": -1556622292125.3389 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T12:06:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T12:06:48Z", "ms": -1556538791684.1865 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-04T12:54:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T12:54:48Z", "ms": -1556535911684.1865 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:09 on Fri 3 Sep to 09:45 on Sat 4 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-03T11:08:32Z → 1920-09-04T09:45:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 3rd, 12:07–12:55 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3516 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1920 falls on Friday 3 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:09 on Fri 3 Sep to 09:45 on Sat 4 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8508, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T09:45:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z", "ms": -1556547299954.414 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-05T08:02:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z", "ms": -1556467041156.6172 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T09:45:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z", "ms": -1556547299954.414 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-05T08:02:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z", "ms": -1556467041156.6172 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T12:06:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T12:06:48Z", "ms": -1556538791684.1865 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-04T12:54:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T12:54:48Z", "ms": -1556535911684.1865 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-05T12:06:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T12:06:29Z", "ms": -1556452411468.5527 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-05T12:54:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T12:54:29Z", "ms": -1556449531468.5527 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 09:45 on Sat 4 Sep to 08:03 on Sun 5 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z → 1920-09-05T08:02:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 4th, 12:06–12:54 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8508 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 4 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śītalā Saptamī 1920 falls on Saturday 4 September. Saptamī runs from 09:45 on Sat 4 Sep to 08:03 on Sun 5 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18467, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-05T08:02:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z", "ms": -1556467041156.6172 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-06T06:02:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-06T06:02:16Z", "ms": -1556387863768.4897 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-05T08:02:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z", "ms": -1556467041156.6172 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-06T06:02:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-06T06:02:16Z", "ms": -1556387863768.4897 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-05T00:06:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T00:06:49Z", "ms": -1556495591382.191 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-05T00:54:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T00:54:49Z", "ms": -1556492711382.191 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-06T00:06:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-06T00:06:29Z", "ms": -1556409211240.7087 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-06T00:54:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-06T00:54:29Z", "ms": -1556406331240.7087 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 08:03 on Sun 5 Sep to 06:02 on Mon 6 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z → 1920-09-06T06:02:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:07–00:55 on the 4th, 00:06–00:54 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18467 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Janmāṣṭamī 1920 falls on Sunday 5 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 08:03 on Sun 5 Sep to 06:02 on Mon 6 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-09-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18328, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-08T01:15:45+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T01:15:45Z", "ms": -1556232255419.9702 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-08T22:37:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T22:37:11Z", "ms": -1556155368737.8923 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-08T01:15:45+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T01:15:45Z", "ms": -1556232255419.9702 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-08T22:37:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T22:37:11Z", "ms": -1556155368737.8923 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-08T06:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T06:21:13Z", "ms": -1556213927268.9097 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-08T06:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T06:21:13Z", "ms": -1556213927268.9097 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-09T06:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T06:21:13Z", "ms": -1556127527174.5764 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-09T06:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T06:21:13Z", "ms": -1556127527174.5764 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:16 on Wed 8 Sep to 22:37 on Wed 8 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-08T01:15:45Z → 1920-09-08T22:37:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 8th and 06:21 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18328 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ajā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 8 September. Ekādaśī runs from 01:16 on Wed 8 Sep to 22:37 on Wed 8 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-09-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-09-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 901, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-09T19:55:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T19:55:55Z", "ms": -1556078645067.6897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-10T17:19:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-09T19:55:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T19:55:55Z", "ms": -1556078645067.6897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-10T17:19:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-09T18:37:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T18:37:02Z", "ms": -1556083377812.0732 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-09T20:10:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T20:10:56Z", "ms": -1556077744393.9104 } }, "covered_min": 15, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T18:36:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T18:36:21Z", "ms": -1555997019098.6477 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-10T20:10:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T20:10:20Z", "ms": -1555991380187.0195 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:56 on Thu 9 Sep to 17:19 on Fri 10 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-09T19:55:55Z → 1920-09-10T17:19:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:37–20:11 on the 9th, 18:36–20:10 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 15 of 94 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 94 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 901 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Thursday 9 September. Trayodaśī runs from 19:56 on Thu 9 Sep to 17:19 on Fri 10 Sep and covers 15 of 94 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-09-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4635, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T17:19:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T14:54:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T14:54:47Z", "ms": -1555923912542.3892 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T17:19:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T14:54:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T14:54:47Z", "ms": -1555923912542.3892 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T18:36:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T18:36:21Z", "ms": -1555997019098.6477 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-10T20:10:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T20:10:20Z", "ms": -1555991380187.0195 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-11T18:35:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T18:35:39Z", "ms": -1555910660549.3772 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T20:09:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T20:09:44Z", "ms": -1555905016132.1619 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:19 on Fri 10 Sep to 14:55 on Sat 11 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z → 1920-09-11T14:54:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:36–20:10 on the 10th, 18:36–20:10 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 94 of 94 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 94 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4635 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aghora Caturdaśī 1920 falls on Friday 10 September. Caturdaśī runs from 17:19 on Fri 10 Sep to 14:55 on Sat 11 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-09-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24341, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T17:19:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T14:54:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T14:54:47Z", "ms": -1555923912542.3892 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T17:19:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T14:54:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T14:54:47Z", "ms": -1555923912542.3892 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-11T00:04:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T00:04:47Z", "ms": -1555977313180.042 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T00:52:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T00:52:47Z", "ms": -1555974433180.042 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-12T00:04:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T00:04:26Z", "ms": -1555890933984.8198 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-12T00:52:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T00:52:26Z", "ms": -1555888053984.8198 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:19 on Fri 10 Sep to 14:55 on Sat 11 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z → 1920-09-11T14:54:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:05–00:53 on the 10th, 00:04–00:52 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24341 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1920: Friday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Friday 10 September. Caturdaśī runs from 17:19 on Fri 10 Sep to 14:55 on Sat 11 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-09-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-12", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 42, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-09-12T12:51:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T12:51:24Z", "ms": -1555844916403.5393 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-13T11:17:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-13T11:17:07Z", "ms": -1555764173382.7656 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-12T12:51:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T12:51:24Z", "ms": -1555844916403.5393 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-13T11:17:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-13T11:17:07Z", "ms": -1555764173382.7656 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-12T12:04:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T12:04:05Z", "ms": -1555847754783.101 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-12T12:52:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T12:52:05Z", "ms": -1555844874783.101 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-13T12:03:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-13T12:03:44Z", "ms": -1555761375755.523 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-13T12:51:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-13T12:51:44Z", "ms": -1555758495755.523 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 12:51 on Sun 12 Sep to 11:17 on Mon 13 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-12T12:51:24Z → 1920-09-13T11:17:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 12th, 12:04–12:52 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 1 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 42 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 12 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rudra Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 12 September. Pratipadā runs from 12:51 on Sun 12 Sep to 11:17 on Mon 13 Sep and covers 1 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 0 min 42 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6253, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-09-14T10:19:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-14T10:19:10Z", "ms": -1555681250123.67 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-15T10:02:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1555595826785.0708 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-14T10:19:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-14T10:19:10Z", "ms": -1555681250123.67 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-15T10:02:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1555595826785.0708 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-14T12:03:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-14T12:03:23Z", "ms": -1555674996807.4302 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-14T12:51:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-14T12:51:23Z", "ms": -1555672116807.4302 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-15T12:03:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T12:03:02Z", "ms": -1555588617922.916 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-15T12:51:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T12:51:02Z", "ms": -1555585737922.916 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 10:19 on Tue 14 Sep to 10:03 on Wed 15 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-14T10:19:10Z → 1920-09-15T10:02:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 14th, 12:03–12:51 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6253 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 14 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1920 falls on Tuesday 14 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 10:19 on Tue 14 Sep to 10:03 on Wed 15 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5519, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-15T10:02:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1555595826785.0708 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-16T10:30:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z", "ms": -1555507758249.8367 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-15T10:02:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1555595826785.0708 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-16T10:30:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z", "ms": -1555507758249.8367 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-15T12:03:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T12:03:02Z", "ms": -1555588617922.916 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-15T12:51:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T12:51:02Z", "ms": -1555585737922.916 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-16T12:02:41+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T12:02:41Z", "ms": -1555502239085.2954 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-16T12:50:41+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T12:50:41Z", "ms": -1555499359085.2954 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:03 on Wed 15 Sep to 10:31 on Thu 16 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z → 1920-09-16T10:30:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 15th, 12:03–12:51 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5519 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1920 falls on Wednesday 15 September. Caturthī runs from 10:03 on Wed 15 Sep to 10:31 on Thu 16 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1271, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-16T10:30:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z", "ms": -1555507758249.8367 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-17T11:41:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z", "ms": -1555417131323.8845 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-16T10:30:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z", "ms": -1555507758249.8367 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-17T11:41:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z", "ms": -1555417131323.8845 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-16T12:02:41+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T12:02:41Z", "ms": -1555502239085.2954 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-16T12:50:41+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T12:50:41Z", "ms": -1555499359085.2954 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-17T12:02:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T12:02:20Z", "ms": -1555415860277.0747 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-17T12:50:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T12:50:20Z", "ms": -1555412980277.0747 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:31 on Thu 16 Sep to 11:41 on Fri 17 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z → 1920-09-17T11:41:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 16th, 12:02–12:50 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 1271 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-16", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1920 falls on Thursday 16 September. Pañcamī runs from 10:31 on Thu 16 Sep to 11:41 on Fri 17 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1271, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-17T11:41:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z", "ms": -1555417131323.8845 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-18T13:28:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z", "ms": -1555324299638.743 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-17T11:41:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z", "ms": -1555417131323.8845 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-18T13:28:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z", "ms": -1555324299638.743 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-17T12:02:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T12:02:20Z", "ms": -1555415860277.0747 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-17T12:50:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T12:50:20Z", "ms": -1555412980277.0747 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-18T12:01:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T12:01:59Z", "ms": -1555329481479.9912 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-18T12:49:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T12:49:59Z", "ms": -1555326601479.9912 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:41 on Fri 17 Sep to 13:28 on Sat 18 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z → 1920-09-18T13:28:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 17th, 12:02–12:50 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1271 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Bamako, 1920: Saturday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1920 falls on Saturday 18 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:41 on Fri 17 Sep to 13:28 on Sat 18 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2302, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-18T13:28:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z", "ms": -1555324299638.743 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-19T15:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z", "ms": -1555229874408.6404 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-18T13:28:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z", "ms": -1555324299638.743 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-19T15:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z", "ms": -1555229874408.6404 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-18T12:01:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T12:01:59Z", "ms": -1555329481479.9912 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-18T12:49:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T12:49:59Z", "ms": -1555326601479.9912 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-19T12:01:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T12:01:37Z", "ms": -1555243102675.0789 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-19T12:49:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T12:49:37Z", "ms": -1555240222675.0789 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 13:28 on Sat 18 Sep to 15:42 on Sun 19 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z → 1920-09-19T15:42:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 18th, 12:02–12:50 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2302 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 19 September. Saptamī runs from 13:28 on Sat 18 Sep to 15:42 on Sun 19 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10348, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-19T15:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z", "ms": -1555229874408.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-20T18:09:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-20T18:09:03Z", "ms": -1555134657272.3499 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-19T15:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z", "ms": -1555229874408.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-20T18:09:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-20T18:09:03Z", "ms": -1555134657272.3499 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-19T12:01:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T12:01:37Z", "ms": -1555243102675.0789 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-19T12:49:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T12:49:37Z", "ms": -1555240222675.0789 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-20T12:01:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-20T12:01:16Z", "ms": -1555156723842.7458 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-20T12:49:16+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-20T12:49:16Z", "ms": -1555153843842.7458 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 15:42 on Sun 19 Sep to 18:09 on Mon 20 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z → 1920-09-20T18:09:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 19th, 12:01–12:49 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10348 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1920: Monday 20 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rādhāṣṭamī 1920 falls on Monday 20 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 15:42 on Sun 19 Sep to 18:09 on Mon 20 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-09-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21045, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-22T22:45:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-22T22:45:17Z", "ms": -1554945283188.786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T00:30:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z", "ms": -1554852575374.3655 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-22T22:45:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-22T22:45:17Z", "ms": -1554945283188.786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T00:30:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z", "ms": -1554852575374.3655 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-23T06:21:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-23T06:21:10Z", "ms": -1554917930330.783 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-23T06:21:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-23T06:21:10Z", "ms": -1554917930330.783 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T06:21:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T06:21:10Z", "ms": -1554831530300.9377 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T06:21:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T06:21:10Z", "ms": -1554831530300.9377 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:45 on Wed 22 Sep to 00:30 on Fri 24 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-22T22:45:17Z → 1920-09-24T00:30:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 23rd and 06:21 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21045 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 23 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 23 September. Ekādaśī runs from 22:45 on Wed 22 Sep to 00:30 on Fri 24 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-09-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36974, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T00:30:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z", "ms": -1554852575374.3655 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-25T01:43:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z", "ms": -1554761802389.1868 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T00:30:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z", "ms": -1554852575374.3655 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-25T01:43:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z", "ms": -1554761802389.1868 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T11:59:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T11:59:52Z", "ms": -1554811207827.8755 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T12:47:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T12:47:52Z", "ms": -1554808327827.8755 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-25T11:59:31+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T11:59:31Z", "ms": -1554724828545.1667 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-25T12:47:31+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T12:47:31Z", "ms": -1554721948545.1667 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 00:30 on Fri 24 Sep to 01:43 on Sat 25 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z → 1920-09-25T01:43:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 24th, 12:00–12:48 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36974 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vāmana Jayantī 1920 falls on Friday 24 September. Dvādaśī runs from 00:30 on Fri 24 Sep to 01:43 on Sat 25 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-09-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20486, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-25T01:43:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z", "ms": -1554761802389.1868 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-26T02:21:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z", "ms": -1554673130557.7502 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-25T01:43:18+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z", "ms": -1554761802389.1868 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-26T02:21:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z", "ms": -1554673130557.7502 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T18:26:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T18:26:35Z", "ms": -1554788005354.8135 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T20:01:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T20:01:51Z", "ms": -1554782288660.188 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-25T18:25:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T18:25:53Z", "ms": -1554701646945.2117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-25T20:01:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T20:01:15Z", "ms": -1554695924664.9678 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:43 on Sat 25 Sep to 02:21 on Sun 26 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z → 1920-09-26T02:21:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:27–20:02 on the 24th, 18:26–20:01 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 95 minutes on the 24th and 95 of 95 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20486 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 25 September. Trayodaśī runs from 01:43 on Sat 25 Sep to 02:21 on Sun 26 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-09-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14199, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-26T02:21:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z", "ms": -1554673130557.7502 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-27T02:24:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-27T02:24:32Z", "ms": -1554586528335.7185 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-26T02:21:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z", "ms": -1554673130557.7502 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-27T02:24:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-27T02:24:32Z", "ms": -1554586528335.7185 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-26T06:21:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T06:21:10Z", "ms": -1554658729843.3816 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-26T08:45:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T08:45:58Z", "ms": -1554650041548.3472 } }, "covered_min": 145, "window_min": 145, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-27T06:21:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-27T06:21:11Z", "ms": -1554572329375.0999 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-27T08:45:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-27T08:45:51Z", "ms": -1554563649419.531 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 145, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:21 on Sun 26 Sep to 02:25 on Mon 27 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z → 1920-09-27T02:24:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:21–08:46 on the 26th, 06:21–08:46 on the 27th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 145 of 145 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 145 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14199 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ananta Caturdaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 26 September. Caturdaśī runs from 02:21 on Sun 26 Sep to 02:25 on Mon 27 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-09-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-30", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3631, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-30T22:06:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-30T22:06:00Z", "ms": -1554256439773.1648 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-01T20:16:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-01T20:16:05Z", "ms": -1554176634673.0933 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-30T22:06:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-30T22:06:00Z", "ms": -1554256439773.1648 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-01T20:16:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-01T20:16:05Z", "ms": -1554176634673.0933 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-30T20:23:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-30T20:23:34Z", "ms": -1554262585872.283 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-30T20:23:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-09-30T20:23:34Z", "ms": -1554262585872.283 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-01T21:16:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-01T21:16:36Z", "ms": -1554173003571.7197 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-01T21:16:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-01T21:16:36Z", "ms": -1554173003571.7197 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:06 on Thu 30 Sep to 20:16 on Fri 1 Oct.", "fact": "1920-09-30T22:06:00Z → 1920-10-01T20:16:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:24 on the 30th and 21:17 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 30th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 3631 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 30 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-30", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Thursday 30 September. Caturthī runs from 22:06 on Thu 30 Sep to 20:16 on Fri 1 Oct, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-09-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14180, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-02T18:16:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-02T18:16:15Z", "ms": -1554097424745.5752 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-03T16:09:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-03T16:09:42Z", "ms": -1554018618410.3657 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-02T18:16:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-02T18:16:15Z", "ms": -1554097424745.5752 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-03T16:09:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-03T16:09:42Z", "ms": -1554018618410.3657 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-02T22:12:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-02T22:12:35Z", "ms": -1554083244563.127 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-02T22:12:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-02T22:12:35Z", "ms": -1554083244563.127 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-03T23:10:45+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-03T23:10:45Z", "ms": -1553993355089.6284 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-03T23:10:45+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-03T23:10:45Z", "ms": -1553993355089.6284 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 18:16 on Sat 2 Oct to 16:10 on Sun 3 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-02T18:16:15Z → 1920-10-03T16:09:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:13 on the 2nd and 23:11 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14180 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1920 falls on Saturday 2 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 18:16 on Sat 2 Oct to 16:10 on Sun 3 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15636, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T13:59:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z", "ms": -1553940046415.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T11:47:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T11:47:33Z", "ms": -1553861546906.0898 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T13:59:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z", "ms": -1553940046415.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T11:47:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T11:47:33Z", "ms": -1553861546906.0898 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T18:19:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T18:19:50Z", "ms": -1553924410483.5305 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-04T19:56:02+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T19:56:02Z", "ms": -1553918638027.861 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-05T18:19:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T18:19:11Z", "ms": -1553838049187.1611 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T19:55:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T19:55:29Z", "ms": -1553832271182.4773 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 13:59 on Mon 4 Oct to 11:48 on Tue 5 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z → 1920-10-05T11:47:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:20–19:56 on the 4th, 18:19–19:55 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 96 of 96 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 96 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15636 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1920: Monday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1920 falls on Monday 4 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 13:59 on Mon 4 Oct to 11:48 on Tue 5 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36642, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T13:59:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z", "ms": -1553940046415.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T11:47:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T11:47:33Z", "ms": -1553861546906.0898 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T13:59:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z", "ms": -1553940046415.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T11:47:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T11:47:33Z", "ms": -1553861546906.0898 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-05T00:09:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T00:09:56Z", "ms": -1553903404363.1714 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T00:09:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T00:09:56Z", "ms": -1553903404363.1714 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-06T01:08:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-06T01:08:56Z", "ms": -1553813463751.2278 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-06T01:08:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-06T01:08:56Z", "ms": -1553813463751.2278 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 13:59 on Mon 4 Oct to 11:48 on Tue 5 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z → 1920-10-05T11:47:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:10 on the 4th and 01:09 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36642 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Bamako, 1920: Monday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1920 falls on Monday 4 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 13:59 on Mon 4 Oct to 11:48 on Tue 5 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-10-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2739, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-07T07:32:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-07T07:32:22Z", "ms": -1553704058013.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-08T05:35:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T05:35:53Z", "ms": -1553624646506.9065 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-07T07:32:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-07T07:32:22Z", "ms": -1553704058013.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-08T05:35:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T05:35:53Z", "ms": -1553624646506.9065 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-07T06:21:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-07T06:21:29Z", "ms": -1553708310873.7476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-07T06:21:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-07T06:21:29Z", "ms": -1553708310873.7476 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-08T06:21:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T06:21:33Z", "ms": -1553621907217.0098 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-08T06:21:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T06:21:33Z", "ms": -1553621907217.0098 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:32 on Thu 7 Oct to 05:36 on Fri 8 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-07T07:32:22Z → 1920-10-08T05:35:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 7th and 06:22 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 2739 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Indirā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 7 October. Ekādaśī runs from 07:32 on Thu 7 Oct to 05:36 on Fri 8 Oct, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-10-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-10-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23620, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-09T03:52:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T03:52:29Z", "ms": -1553544451254.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-10T02:27:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z", "ms": -1553463179338.9727 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-09T03:52:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T03:52:29Z", "ms": -1553544451254.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-10T02:27:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z", "ms": -1553463179338.9727 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-08T18:17:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T18:17:17Z", "ms": -1553578962625.1396 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-08T19:53:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T19:53:52Z", "ms": -1553573168030.9631 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-09T18:16:41+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T18:16:41Z", "ms": -1553492599475.4075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-09T19:53:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T19:53:21Z", "ms": -1553486799374.3037 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:52 on Sat 9 Oct to 02:27 on Sun 10 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-09T03:52:29Z → 1920-10-10T02:27:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:17–19:54 on the 8th, 18:17–19:53 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 8th and 97 of 97 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23620 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 9 October. Trayodaśī runs from 03:52 on Sat 9 Oct to 02:27 on Sun 10 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-10-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-10-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2502, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-10T02:27:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z", "ms": -1553463179338.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-11T01:24:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z", "ms": -1553380522886.0706 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-10T02:27:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z", "ms": -1553463179338.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-11T01:24:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z", "ms": -1553380522886.0706 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-09T23:55:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T23:55:11Z", "ms": -1553472289096.268 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-10T00:43:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T00:43:11Z", "ms": -1553469409096.268 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-10T23:54:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T23:54:55Z", "ms": -1553385904830.8237 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-11T00:42:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T00:42:55Z", "ms": -1553383024830.8237 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:27 on Sun 10 Oct to 01:25 on Mon 11 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z → 1920-10-11T01:24:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:55–00:43 on the 9th, 23:55–00:43 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2502 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Sunday 10 October. Caturdaśī runs from 02:27 on Sun 10 Oct to 01:25 on Mon 11 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-10-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32253, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1920-10-11T01:24:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z", "ms": -1553380522886.0706 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-12T00:50:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z", "ms": -1553296183375.8171 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-11T01:24:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z", "ms": -1553380522886.0706 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-12T00:50:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z", "ms": -1553296183375.8171 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-10T13:30:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T13:30:19Z", "ms": -1553423380973.4375 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-10T15:53:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T15:53:12Z", "ms": -1553414808392.207 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-11T13:29:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T13:29:59Z", "ms": -1553337000507.8452 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-11T15:52:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T15:52:44Z", "ms": -1553328436060.2366 } }, "covered_min": 143, "window_min": 143, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 01:25 on Mon 11 Oct to 00:50 on Tue 12 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z → 1920-10-12T00:50:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:30–15:53 on the 10th, 13:30–15:53 on the 11th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 0 of 143 minutes on the 10th and 143 of 143 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32253 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Bamako, 1920: Monday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1920 falls on Monday 11 October. Amāvasyā runs from 01:25 on Mon 11 Oct to 00:50 on Tue 12 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39846, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-10-12T00:50:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z", "ms": -1553296183375.8171 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-13T00:48:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-13T00:48:14Z", "ms": -1553209905843.679 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-12T00:50:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z", "ms": -1553296183375.8171 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-13T00:48:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-13T00:48:14Z", "ms": -1553209905843.679 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-12T11:54:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T11:54:22Z", "ms": -1553256337710.0332 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-12T12:42:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T12:42:22Z", "ms": -1553253457710.0332 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-13T11:54:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-13T11:54:08Z", "ms": -1553169952184.4834 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-13T12:42:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-13T12:42:08Z", "ms": -1553167072184.4834 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 00:50 on Tue 12 Oct to 00:48 on Wed 13 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z → 1920-10-13T00:48:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 12th, 11:54–12:42 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39846 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1920 falls on Tuesday 12 October. Pratipadā runs from 00:50 on Tue 12 Oct to 00:48 on Wed 13 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-10-15", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27706, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-15T02:29:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-15T02:29:58Z", "ms": -1553031002093.495 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-16T04:11:41+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-16T04:11:41Z", "ms": -1552938498750.585 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-15T02:29:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-15T02:29:58Z", "ms": -1553031002093.495 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-16T04:11:41+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-16T04:11:41Z", "ms": -1552938498750.585 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-15T11:53:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-15T11:53:40Z", "ms": -1552997179562.3862 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-15T12:41:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-15T12:41:40Z", "ms": -1552994299562.3862 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-16T11:53:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-16T11:53:28Z", "ms": -1552910792435.775 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-16T12:41:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-16T12:41:28Z", "ms": -1552907912435.775 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:30 on Fri 15 Oct to 04:12 on Sat 16 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-15T02:29:58Z → 1920-10-16T04:11:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 15th, 11:53–12:41 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27706 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Friday 15 October. Caturthī runs from 02:30 on Fri 15 Oct to 04:12 on Sat 16 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5767, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-18T08:45:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-18T08:45:56Z", "ms": -1552749244332.819 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-19T11:16:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z", "ms": -1552653836625.111 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-18T08:45:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-18T08:45:56Z", "ms": -1552749244332.819 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-19T11:16:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z", "ms": -1552653836625.111 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-18T06:22:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-18T06:22:33Z", "ms": -1552757847285.876 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-18T07:09:49+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-18T07:09:49Z", "ms": -1552755011177.709 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-19T06:22:41+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T06:22:41Z", "ms": -1552671438721.4324 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-19T07:09:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T07:09:55Z", "ms": -1552668605239.7502 } }, "covered_min": 47, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 08:46 on Mon 18 Oct to 11:16 on Tue 19 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-18T08:45:56Z → 1920-10-19T11:16:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:23–07:10 on the 18th, 06:23–07:10 on the 19th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 47 minutes on the 18th and 47 of 47 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5767 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Durgā Saptamī 1920 falls on Tuesday 19 October. Saptamī runs from 08:46 on Mon 18 Oct to 11:16 on Tue 19 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2209, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-19T11:16:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z", "ms": -1552653836625.111 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-20T13:36:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z", "ms": -1552558989935.844 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-19T11:16:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z", "ms": -1552653836625.111 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-20T13:36:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z", "ms": -1552558989935.844 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-19T11:52:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:52:52Z", "ms": -1552651627608.817 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-19T12:40:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T12:40:52Z", "ms": -1552648747608.817 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T11:52:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T11:52:42Z", "ms": -1552565238131.7917 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-20T12:40:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T12:40:42Z", "ms": -1552562358131.7917 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:16 on Tue 19 Oct to 13:37 on Wed 20 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z → 1920-10-20T13:36:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 19th, 11:53–12:41 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 2209 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1920 falls on Wednesday 20 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:16 on Tue 19 Oct to 13:37 on Wed 20 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1034, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-21T15:35:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z", "ms": -1552465488161.5837 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-22T17:00:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z", "ms": -1552373960428.9573 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "1920-10-21T15:35:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z", "ms": -1552465488161.5837 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T15:52:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1552464454602.3347 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T13:23:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:23:32Z", "ms": -1552559787721.8728 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T15:52:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1552464454602.3347 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-21T06:23:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T06:23:00Z", "ms": -1552498620050.4387 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T18:10:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T18:10:04Z", "ms": -1552456196004.7996 } }, "covered_min": 17, "window_min": 707, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-22T06:23:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T06:23:10Z", "ms": -1552412209922.0764 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-22T18:09:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T18:09:35Z", "ms": -1552369824638.4094 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 706, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 15:35 on Thu 21 Oct to 17:01 on Fri 22 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 13:24 on Wed 20 Oct to 15:52 on Thu 21 Oct. They are together from 15:35 on Thu 21 Oct to 15:52 on Thu 21 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z → 1920-10-21T15:52:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 06:23–18:10 on the 21st, 06:23–18:10 on the 22nd.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 17 of 707 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 706 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1034 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1920 falls on Thursday 21 October. Daśamī runs from 15:35 on Thu 21 Oct to 17:01 on Fri 22 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 17 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3368, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T13:36:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z", "ms": -1552558989935.844 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T15:35:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z", "ms": -1552465488161.5837 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T13:36:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z", "ms": -1552558989935.844 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T15:35:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z", "ms": -1552465488161.5837 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T11:52:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T11:52:42Z", "ms": -1552565238131.7917 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-20T12:40:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T12:40:42Z", "ms": -1552562358131.7917 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-21T11:52:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T11:52:32Z", "ms": -1552478848027.6191 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T12:40:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T12:40:32Z", "ms": -1552475968027.6191 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 13:37 on Wed 20 Oct to 15:35 on Thu 21 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z → 1920-10-21T15:35:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 20th, 11:53–12:41 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3368 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahānavamī 1920 falls on Thursday 21 October. Navamī runs from 13:37 on Wed 20 Oct to 15:35 on Thu 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-10-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38249, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-22T17:00:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z", "ms": -1552373960428.9573 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-23T17:46:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-23T17:46:28Z", "ms": -1552284811888.7717 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-22T17:00:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z", "ms": -1552373960428.9573 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-23T17:46:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-23T17:46:28Z", "ms": -1552284811888.7717 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-22T06:23:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T06:23:10Z", "ms": -1552412209922.0764 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-22T06:23:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T06:23:10Z", "ms": -1552412209922.0764 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-23T06:23:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-23T06:23:21Z", "ms": -1552325799250.4998 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-23T06:23:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-23T06:23:21Z", "ms": -1552325799250.4998 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:01 on Fri 22 Oct to 17:46 on Sat 23 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z → 1920-10-23T17:46:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:23 on the 22nd and 06:23 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38249 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 23 October. Ekādaśī runs from 17:01 on Fri 22 Oct to 17:46 on Sat 23 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-10-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-10-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1126, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-24T17:49:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T17:49:54Z", "ms": -1552198205519.0972 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-25T17:11:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-25T17:11:54Z", "ms": -1552114086033.517 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-24T17:49:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T17:49:54Z", "ms": -1552198205519.0972 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-25T17:11:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-25T17:11:54Z", "ms": -1552114086033.517 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-24T18:08:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T18:08:40Z", "ms": -1552197079556.9229 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-24T19:46:41+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T19:46:41Z", "ms": -1552191199113.7156 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-25T18:08:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-25T18:08:14Z", "ms": -1552110705797.9048 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-25T19:46:20+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-25T19:46:20Z", "ms": -1552104820206.6897 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:50 on Sun 24 Oct to 17:12 on Mon 25 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-24T17:49:54Z → 1920-10-25T17:11:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:09–19:47 on the 24th, 18:08–19:46 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 98 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1126 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 24 October. Trayodaśī runs from 17:50 on Sun 24 Oct to 17:12 on Mon 25 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-10-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25126, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T06:45:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z", "ms": -1551719682666.8591 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T04:01:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T04:01:58Z", "ms": -1551643082165.9001 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T06:45:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z", "ms": -1551719682666.8591 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T04:01:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T04:01:58Z", "ms": -1551643082165.9001 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-29T20:03:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-29T20:03:54Z", "ms": -1551758165745.8188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-29T20:03:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-29T20:03:54Z", "ms": -1551758165745.8188 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T21:03:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T21:03:11Z", "ms": -1551668208569.22 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-30T21:03:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T21:03:11Z", "ms": -1551668208569.22 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:45 on Sat 30 Oct to 04:02 on Sun 31 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z → 1920-10-31T04:01:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:04 on the 29th and 21:03 on the 30th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25126 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1920 falls on Saturday 30 October. Caturthī runs from 06:45 on Sat 30 Oct to 04:02 on Sun 31 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-10-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25126, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T06:45:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z", "ms": -1551719682666.8591 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T04:01:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T04:01:58Z", "ms": -1551643082165.9001 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T06:45:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z", "ms": -1551719682666.8591 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T04:01:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T04:01:58Z", "ms": -1551643082165.9001 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-29T20:03:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-29T20:03:54Z", "ms": -1551758165745.8188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-29T20:03:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-29T20:03:54Z", "ms": -1551758165745.8188 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T21:03:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T21:03:11Z", "ms": -1551668208569.22 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-30T21:03:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T21:03:11Z", "ms": -1551668208569.22 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:45 on Sat 30 Oct to 04:02 on Sun 31 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z → 1920-10-31T04:01:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:04 on the 29th and 21:03 on the 30th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25126 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 30 October. Caturthī runs from 06:45 on Sat 30 Oct to 04:02 on Sun 31 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12379, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-02T20:36:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-02T20:36:06Z", "ms": -1551410633616.1492 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-03T18:38:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-03T18:38:22Z", "ms": -1551331298157.552 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-02T20:36:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-02T20:36:06Z", "ms": -1551410633616.1492 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-03T18:38:22+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-03T18:38:22Z", "ms": -1551331298157.552 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-03T00:02:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-03T00:02:26Z", "ms": -1551398254352.5217 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-03T00:02:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-03T00:02:26Z", "ms": -1551398254352.5217 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-04T00:59:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-04T00:59:03Z", "ms": -1551308456816.6353 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-04T00:59:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-04T00:59:03Z", "ms": -1551308456816.6353 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 20:36 on Tue 2 Nov to 18:38 on Wed 3 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-02T20:36:06Z → 1920-11-03T18:38:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:02 on the 2nd and 00:59 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12379 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1920 falls on Tuesday 2 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 20:36 on Tue 2 Nov to 18:38 on Wed 3 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-11-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30740, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-05T15:48:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-05T15:48:12Z", "ms": -1551168707934.838 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-06T14:59:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z", "ms": -1551085246430.1392 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-05T15:48:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-05T15:48:12Z", "ms": -1551168707934.838 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-06T14:59:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z", "ms": -1551085246430.1392 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-05T06:26:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-05T06:26:34Z", "ms": -1551202406116.8447 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-05T06:26:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-05T06:26:34Z", "ms": -1551202406116.8447 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-06T06:26:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T06:26:53Z", "ms": -1551115986798.217 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-06T06:26:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T06:26:53Z", "ms": -1551115986798.217 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:48 on Fri 5 Nov to 14:59 on Sat 6 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-05T15:48:12Z → 1920-11-06T14:59:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:27 on the 5th and 06:27 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30740 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ramā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 6 November. Ekādaśī runs from 15:48 on Fri 5 Nov to 14:59 on Sat 6 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-11-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11098, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-06T14:59:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z", "ms": -1551085246430.1392 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T14:35:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-06T14:59:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z", "ms": -1551085246430.1392 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T14:35:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-06T18:04:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T18:04:11Z", "ms": -1551074148834.6445 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-06T19:43:15+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T19:43:15Z", "ms": -1551068204567.8682 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T18:03:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T18:03:57Z", "ms": -1550987762541.9478 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T19:43:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T19:43:06Z", "ms": -1550981813700.2544 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 14:59 on Sat 6 Nov to 14:36 on Sun 7 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z → 1920-11-07T14:35:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:04–19:43 on the 6th, 18:04–19:43 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 99 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11098 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1920 falls on Saturday 6 November. Dvādaśī runs from 14:59 on Sat 6 Nov to 14:36 on Sun 7 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12313, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T14:35:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T14:38:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T14:35:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T14:38:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T18:03:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T18:03:57Z", "ms": -1550987762541.9478 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T19:43:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T19:43:06Z", "ms": -1550981813700.2544 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T18:03:45+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T18:03:45Z", "ms": -1550901375181.8223 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T19:42:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T19:42:58Z", "ms": -1550895421823.1226 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:36 on Sun 7 Nov to 14:39 on Mon 8 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z → 1920-11-08T14:38:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:04–19:43 on the 7th, 18:04–19:43 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 99 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12313 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yama Dīpadāna 1920 falls on Sunday 7 November. Trayodaśī runs from 14:36 on Sun 7 Nov to 14:39 on Mon 8 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-11-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12313, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T14:35:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T14:38:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T14:35:46+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T14:38:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T18:03:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T18:03:57Z", "ms": -1550987762541.9478 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T19:43:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T19:43:06Z", "ms": -1550981813700.2544 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T18:03:45+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T18:03:45Z", "ms": -1550901375181.8223 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T19:42:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T19:42:58Z", "ms": -1550895421823.1226 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:36 on Sun 7 Nov to 14:39 on Mon 8 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z → 1920-11-08T14:38:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:04–19:43 on the 7th, 18:04–19:43 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 99 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12313 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 7 November. Trayodaśī runs from 14:36 on Sun 7 Nov to 14:39 on Mon 8 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-11-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-11-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31428, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T14:38:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T15:08:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T14:38:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T15:08:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T23:51:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T23:51:50Z", "ms": -1550880490086.6987 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T00:39:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T00:39:50Z", "ms": -1550877610086.6987 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T23:51:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T23:51:55Z", "ms": -1550794084937.9602 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T00:39:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T00:39:55Z", "ms": -1550791204937.9602 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:39 on Mon 8 Nov to 15:08 on Tue 9 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z → 1920-11-09T15:08:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 8th, 23:52–00:40 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31428 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1920: Monday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Monday 8 November. Caturdaśī runs from 14:39 on Mon 8 Nov to 15:08 on Tue 9 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-11-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29458, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T14:38:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T15:08:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T14:38:32+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T15:08:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T04:48:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T04:48:25Z", "ms": -1550949095070.9404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T06:27:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T06:27:34Z", "ms": -1550943146229.247 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T04:48:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T04:48:42Z", "ms": -1550862678350.275 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T06:27:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T06:27:55Z", "ms": -1550856724991.5752 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:39 on Mon 8 Nov to 15:08 on Tue 9 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z → 1920-11-09T15:08:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:48–06:28 on the 8th, 04:49–06:28 on the 9th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 8th and 99 of 99 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29458 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1920 falls on Tuesday 9 November. Caturdaśī runs from 14:39 on Mon 8 Nov to 15:08 on Tue 9 Nov and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7114, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T15:08:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T16:04:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T15:08:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T16:04:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T18:03:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T18:03:33Z", "ms": -1550814986746.7117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T19:42:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T19:42:51Z", "ms": -1550809028931.0447 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T18:03:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T18:03:23Z", "ms": -1550728597230.0488 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T19:42:45+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T19:42:45Z", "ms": -1550722635019.6023 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 15:08 on Tue 9 Nov to 16:05 on Wed 10 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z → 1920-11-10T16:04:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:04–19:43 on the 9th, 18:03–19:43 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 99 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7114 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1920 falls on Tuesday 9 November. Amāvasyā runs from 15:08 on Tue 9 Nov to 16:05 on Wed 10 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28033, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T15:08:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T16:04:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T15:08:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T16:04:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T23:51:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T23:51:55Z", "ms": -1550794084937.9602 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T00:39:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T00:39:55Z", "ms": -1550791204937.9602 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T23:52:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T23:52:01Z", "ms": -1550707678940.8745 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:40:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T00:40:01Z", "ms": -1550704798940.8745 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 15:08 on Tue 9 Nov to 16:05 on Wed 10 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z → 1920-11-10T16:04:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 9th, 23:52–00:40 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28033 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kālī Pūjā 1920 falls on Tuesday 9 November. Amāvasyā runs from 15:08 on Tue 9 Nov to 16:05 on Wed 10 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2099, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T16:04:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T17:28:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T16:04:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T17:28:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T18:03:23+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T18:03:23Z", "ms": -1550728597230.0488 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T19:42:45+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T19:42:45Z", "ms": -1550722635019.6023 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T18:03:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T18:03:13Z", "ms": -1550642206626.0972 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T19:42:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T19:42:40Z", "ms": -1550636240085.2285 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:05 on Wed 10 Nov to 17:28 on Thu 11 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z → 1920-11-11T17:28:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:03–19:43 on the 10th, 18:03–19:43 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 99 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2099 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bali Pūjā 1920 falls on Wednesday 10 November. Pratipadā runs from 16:05 on Wed 10 Nov to 17:28 on Thu 11 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12299, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T16:04:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T17:28:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T16:04:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T17:28:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T11:51:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T11:51:50Z", "ms": -1550750890179.629 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T12:39:50+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T12:39:50Z", "ms": -1550748010179.629 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T11:51:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T11:51:56Z", "ms": -1550664483638.899 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T12:39:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T12:39:56Z", "ms": -1550661603638.899 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:05 on Wed 10 Nov to 17:28 on Thu 11 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z → 1920-11-11T17:28:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 10th, 11:52–12:40 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12299 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Govardhana Pūjā 1920 falls on Thursday 11 November. Pratipadā runs from 16:05 on Wed 10 Nov to 17:28 on Thu 11 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20690, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T16:04:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T17:28:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T16:04:48+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T17:28:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T06:28:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T06:28:17Z", "ms": -1550770303129.2087 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T10:19:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T10:19:59Z", "ms": -1550756401162.822 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 232, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T06:28:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T06:28:39Z", "ms": -1550683880651.7004 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T10:20:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T10:20:11Z", "ms": -1550669989309.8328 } }, "covered_min": 232, "window_min": 232, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:05 on Wed 10 Nov to 17:28 on Thu 11 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z → 1920-11-11T17:28:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:28–10:20 on the 10th, 06:29–10:20 on the 11th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 232 minutes on the 10th and 232 of 232 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20690 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Dyūta Pratipad 1920 falls on Thursday 11 November. Pratipadā runs from 16:05 on Wed 10 Nov to 17:28 on Thu 11 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17298, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T17:28:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T19:16:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T19:16:53Z", "ms": -1550551386983.3071 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T17:28:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T19:16:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T19:16:53Z", "ms": -1550551386983.3071 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T11:51:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T11:51:56Z", "ms": -1550664483638.899 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T12:39:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T12:39:56Z", "ms": -1550661603638.899 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-12T11:52:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T11:52:04Z", "ms": -1550578076249.6946 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T12:40:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T12:40:04Z", "ms": -1550575196249.6946 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 17:28 on Thu 11 Nov to 19:17 on Fri 12 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z → 1920-11-12T19:16:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 11th, 11:52–12:40 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17298 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Bamako, 1920: Friday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1920 falls on Friday 12 November. Dvitīyā runs from 17:28 on Thu 11 Nov to 19:17 on Fri 12 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31632, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-13T21:27:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z", "ms": -1550457156134.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-14T23:54:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T23:54:00Z", "ms": -1550361960405.856 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-13T21:27:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z", "ms": -1550457156134.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-14T23:54:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T23:54:00Z", "ms": -1550361960405.856 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-13T11:52:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T11:52:12Z", "ms": -1550491668015.48 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-13T12:40:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T12:40:12Z", "ms": -1550488788015.48 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T11:52:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T11:52:21Z", "ms": -1550405258940.3662 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-14T12:40:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T12:40:21Z", "ms": -1550402378940.3662 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:27 on Sat 13 Nov to 23:54 on Sun 14 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z → 1920-11-14T23:54:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 13th, 11:52–12:40 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31632 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nāga Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 14 November. Caturthī runs from 21:27 on Sat 13 Nov to 23:54 on Sun 14 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-11-14", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31632, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-13T21:27:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z", "ms": -1550457156134.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-14T23:54:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T23:54:00Z", "ms": -1550361960405.856 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-13T21:27:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z", "ms": -1550457156134.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-14T23:54:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T23:54:00Z", "ms": -1550361960405.856 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-13T11:52:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T11:52:12Z", "ms": -1550491668015.48 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-13T12:40:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T12:40:12Z", "ms": -1550488788015.48 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T11:52:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T11:52:21Z", "ms": -1550405258940.3662 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-14T12:40:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T12:40:21Z", "ms": -1550402378940.3662 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:27 on Sat 13 Nov to 23:54 on Sun 14 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z → 1920-11-14T23:54:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 13th, 11:52–12:40 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31632 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 14 November. Caturthī runs from 21:27 on Sat 13 Nov to 23:54 on Sun 14 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24828, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-16T02:28:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-16T02:28:11Z", "ms": -1550266308955.3738 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-17T04:59:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-17T04:59:05Z", "ms": -1550170854924.835 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-16T02:28:11+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-16T02:28:11Z", "ms": -1550266308955.3738 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-17T04:59:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-17T04:59:05Z", "ms": -1550170854924.835 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-16T11:52:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-16T11:52:42Z", "ms": -1550232438286.9575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-16T12:40:42+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-16T12:40:42Z", "ms": -1550229558286.9575 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-17T11:52:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-17T11:52:53Z", "ms": -1550146026719.949 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-17T12:40:53+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-17T12:40:53Z", "ms": -1550143146719.949 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:28 on Tue 16 Nov to 04:59 on Wed 17 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-16T02:28:11Z → 1920-11-17T04:59:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 16th, 11:53–12:41 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24828 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 16 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1920 falls on Tuesday 16 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:28 on Tue 16 Nov to 04:59 on Wed 17 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10275, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-18T07:14:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T07:14:25Z", "ms": -1550076335188.014 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T09:02:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-18T07:14:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T07:14:25Z", "ms": -1550076335188.014 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T09:02:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-18T11:53:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T11:53:06Z", "ms": -1550059614334.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-18T12:41:06+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T12:41:06Z", "ms": -1550056734334.6143 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T11:53:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T11:53:19Z", "ms": -1549973201138.101 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T12:41:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T12:41:19Z", "ms": -1549970321138.101 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 07:14 on Thu 18 Nov to 09:02 on Fri 19 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-18T07:14:25Z → 1920-11-19T09:02:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 18th, 11:53–12:41 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10275 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 18 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gopāṣṭamī 1920 falls on Thursday 18 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 07:14 on Thu 18 Nov to 09:02 on Fri 19 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6106, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T09:02:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T10:11:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:11:47Z", "ms": -1549892892817.0852 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T09:02:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T10:11:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:11:47Z", "ms": -1549892892817.0852 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T11:53:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T11:53:19Z", "ms": -1549973201138.101 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T12:41:19+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T12:41:19Z", "ms": -1549970321138.101 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-20T11:53:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T11:53:33Z", "ms": -1549886787138.082 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T12:41:33+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T12:41:33Z", "ms": -1549883907138.082 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 09:02 on Fri 19 Nov to 10:12 on Sat 20 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z → 1920-11-20T10:11:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 19th, 11:54–12:42 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6106 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 19 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Durgā Navamī 1920 falls on Friday 19 November. Navamī runs from 09:02 on Fri 19 Nov to 10:12 on Sat 20 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-20", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 644, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T09:02:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T10:11:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:11:47Z", "ms": -1549892892817.0852 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T09:02:03+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T10:11:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:11:47Z", "ms": -1549892892817.0852 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T06:32:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T06:32:00Z", "ms": -1549992480109.9937 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T10:22:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T10:22:13Z", "ms": -1549978667462.0654 } }, "covered_min": 80, "window_min": 230, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-20T06:32:27+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T06:32:27Z", "ms": -1549906052658.3745 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T10:22:31+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:22:31Z", "ms": -1549892248978.1794 } }, "covered_min": 219, "window_min": 230, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 09:02 on Fri 19 Nov to 10:12 on Sat 20 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z → 1920-11-20T10:11:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:32–10:22 on the 19th, 06:32–10:23 on the 20th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 80 of 230 minutes on the 19th and 219 of 230 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both forenoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 644 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Bamako, 1920: Saturday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-20", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-20", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1920 falls on Saturday 20 November. Navamī runs from 09:02 on Fri 19 Nov to 10:12 on Sat 20 Nov and covers 219 of 230 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon. It also reaches the previous forenoon for 80 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-11-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13203, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-21T10:36:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-21T10:36:36Z", "ms": -1549805003626.7095 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-22T10:13:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-22T10:13:26Z", "ms": -1549719993500.2588 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-21T10:36:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-21T10:36:36Z", "ms": -1549805003626.7095 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-22T10:13:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-22T10:13:26Z", "ms": -1549719993500.2588 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-21T06:32:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-21T06:32:55Z", "ms": -1549819624728.311 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-21T06:32:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-21T06:32:55Z", "ms": -1549819624728.311 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-22T06:33:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-22T06:33:24Z", "ms": -1549733196336.365 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-22T06:33:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-22T06:33:24Z", "ms": -1549733196336.365 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:37 on Sun 21 Nov to 10:13 on Mon 22 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-21T10:36:36Z → 1920-11-22T10:13:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:33 on the 21st and 06:33 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13203 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Monday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Monday 22 November. Ekādaśī runs from 10:37 on Sun 21 Nov to 10:13 on Mon 22 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-11-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-11-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32381, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-23T09:03:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-23T09:03:05Z", "ms": -1549637814562.0308 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-24T07:09:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T07:09:40Z", "ms": -1549558219675.2043 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-23T09:03:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-23T09:03:05Z", "ms": -1549637814562.0308 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-24T07:09:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T07:09:40Z", "ms": -1549558219675.2043 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-23T18:02:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-23T18:02:47Z", "ms": -1549605433299.5718 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-23T19:42:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-23T19:42:59Z", "ms": -1549599420624.0916 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-24T18:02:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T18:02:52Z", "ms": -1549519028304.0718 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-24T19:43:08+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T19:43:08Z", "ms": -1549513012337.6409 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:03 on Tue 23 Nov to 07:10 on Wed 24 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-23T09:03:05Z → 1920-11-24T07:09:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:03–19:43 on the 23rd, 18:03–19:43 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 100 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32381 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 23 November. Trayodaśī runs from 09:03 on Tue 23 Nov to 07:10 on Wed 24 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-11-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26104, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T04:39:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z", "ms": -1549480809492.397 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T01:42:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T01:42:00Z", "ms": -1549405080094.9429 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T04:39:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z", "ms": -1549480809492.397 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T01:42:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T01:42:00Z", "ms": -1549405080094.9429 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T11:54:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T11:54:55Z", "ms": -1549454705377.2063 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-25T12:42:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T12:42:55Z", "ms": -1549451825377.2063 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-26T11:55:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T11:55:13Z", "ms": -1549368286733.8157 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T12:43:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T12:43:13Z", "ms": -1549365406733.8157 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:40 on Thu 25 Nov to 01:42 on Fri 26 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z → 1920-11-26T01:42:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 25th, 11:55–12:43 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26104 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Thursday 25 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:40 on Thu 25 Nov to 01:42 on Fri 26 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3530, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T04:39:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z", "ms": -1549480809492.397 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T01:42:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T01:42:00Z", "ms": -1549405080094.9429 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T04:39:51+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z", "ms": -1549480809492.397 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T01:42:00+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T01:42:00Z", "ms": -1549405080094.9429 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-24T23:54:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T23:54:52Z", "ms": -1549497908429.9558 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-25T00:42:52+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T00:42:52Z", "ms": -1549495028429.9558 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T23:55:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T23:55:10Z", "ms": -1549411490340.8608 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T00:43:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T00:43:10Z", "ms": -1549408610340.8608 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:40 on Thu 25 Nov to 01:42 on Fri 26 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z → 1920-11-26T01:42:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:55–00:43 on the 24th, 23:55–00:43 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3530 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rāsayātrā 1920 falls on Thursday 25 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:40 on Thu 25 Nov to 01:42 on Fri 26 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-11-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18927, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-28T15:36:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-28T15:36:54Z", "ms": -1549182185757.3198 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-29T12:24:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-29T12:24:09Z", "ms": -1549107350688.4097 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-28T15:36:54+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-28T15:36:54Z", "ms": -1549182185757.3198 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-29T12:24:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-29T12:24:09Z", "ms": -1549107350688.4097 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-28T20:52:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-28T20:52:21Z", "ms": -1549163258955.354 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-28T20:52:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-28T20:52:21Z", "ms": -1549163258955.354 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-29T21:53:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-29T21:53:56Z", "ms": -1549073163644.87 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-29T21:53:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-11-29T21:53:56Z", "ms": -1549073163644.87 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:37 on Sun 28 Nov to 12:24 on Mon 29 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-28T15:36:54Z → 1920-11-29T12:24:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:52 on the 28th and 21:54 on the 29th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18927 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 28 November. Caturthī runs from 15:37 on Sun 28 Nov to 12:24 on Mon 29 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-12-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10586, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-05T03:13:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-05T03:13:12Z", "ms": -1548622007925.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-06T03:44:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-06T03:44:14Z", "ms": -1548533746465.7065 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-05T03:13:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-05T03:13:12Z", "ms": -1548622007925.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-06T03:44:14+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-06T03:44:14Z", "ms": -1548533746465.7065 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-05T06:40:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-05T06:40:07Z", "ms": -1548609593426.4846 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-05T06:40:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-05T06:40:07Z", "ms": -1548609593426.4846 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-06T06:40:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-06T06:40:39Z", "ms": -1548523160630.3972 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-06T06:40:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-06T06:40:39Z", "ms": -1548523160630.3972 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:13 on Sun 5 Dec to 03:44 on Mon 6 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-05T03:13:12Z → 1920-12-06T03:44:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:40 on the 5th and 06:41 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10586 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Sunday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 5 December. Ekādaśī runs from 03:13 on Sun 5 Dec to 03:44 on Mon 6 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-12-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-12-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32334, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-07T04:44:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T04:44:58Z", "ms": -1548443701583.1238 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-08T06:11:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z", "ms": -1548352133448.9285 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-07T04:44:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T04:44:58Z", "ms": -1548443701583.1238 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-08T06:11:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z", "ms": -1548352133448.9285 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-06T18:05:17+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-06T18:05:17Z", "ms": -1548482083258.374 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-06T19:46:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-06T19:46:04Z", "ms": -1548476035853.9949 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-07T18:05:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T18:05:36Z", "ms": -1548395664423.1897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-07T19:46:25+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T19:46:25Z", "ms": -1548389615133.1404 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:45 on Tue 7 Dec to 06:11 on Wed 8 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-07T04:44:58Z → 1920-12-08T06:11:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:05–19:46 on the 6th, 18:06–19:46 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 6th and 101 of 101 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32334 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 7 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 7 December. Trayodaśī runs from 04:45 on Tue 7 Dec to 06:11 on Wed 8 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-12-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-12-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19406, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-08T06:11:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z", "ms": -1548352133448.9285 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-09T07:58:31+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-09T07:58:31Z", "ms": -1548259288991.0425 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-08T06:11:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z", "ms": -1548352133448.9285 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-09T07:58:31+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-09T07:58:31Z", "ms": -1548259288991.0425 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-07T23:59:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T23:59:40Z", "ms": -1548374419585.5044 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-08T00:47:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T00:47:40Z", "ms": -1548371539585.5044 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-09T00:00:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-09T00:00:07Z", "ms": -1548287993187.3572 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-09T00:48:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-09T00:48:07Z", "ms": -1548285113187.3572 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:11 on Wed 8 Dec to 07:59 on Thu 9 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z → 1920-12-09T07:58:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:00–00:48 on the 7th, 00:00–00:48 on the 8th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19406 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 8 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Wednesday 8 December. Caturdaśī runs from 06:11 on Wed 8 Dec to 07:59 on Thu 9 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-12-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-12-14", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16632, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-13T17:27:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-13T17:27:21Z", "ms": -1547879559432.1348 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-14T20:01:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z", "ms": -1547783911255.8093 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-13T17:27:21+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-13T17:27:21Z", "ms": -1547879559432.1348 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-14T20:01:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z", "ms": -1547783911255.8093 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-13T12:02:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-13T12:02:09Z", "ms": -1547899071275.1606 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-13T12:50:09+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-13T12:50:09Z", "ms": -1547896191275.1606 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-14T12:02:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T12:02:37Z", "ms": -1547812642524.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-14T12:50:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T12:50:37Z", "ms": -1547809762524.2139 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:27 on Mon 13 Dec to 20:01 on Tue 14 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-13T17:27:21Z → 1920-12-14T20:01:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 13th, 12:03–12:51 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16632 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 14 December. Caturthī runs from 17:27 on Mon 13 Dec to 20:01 on Tue 14 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25851, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-14T20:01:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z", "ms": -1547783911255.8093 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-15T22:26:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-14T20:01:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z", "ms": -1547783911255.8093 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-15T22:26:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-14T12:02:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T12:02:37Z", "ms": -1547812642524.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-14T12:50:37+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T12:50:37Z", "ms": -1547809762524.2139 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-15T12:03:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T12:03:07Z", "ms": -1547726213498.418 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-15T12:51:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T12:51:07Z", "ms": -1547723333498.418 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 20:01 on Tue 14 Dec to 22:26 on Wed 15 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z → 1920-12-15T22:26:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 14th, 12:03–12:51 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25851 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 15 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1920 falls on Wednesday 15 December. Pañcamī runs from 20:01 on Tue 14 Dec to 22:26 on Wed 15 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34504, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-15T22:26:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T00:31:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-15T22:26:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T00:31:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-15T12:03:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T12:03:07Z", "ms": -1547726213498.418 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-15T12:51:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T12:51:07Z", "ms": -1547723333498.418 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T12:03:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T12:03:36Z", "ms": -1547639784232.8584 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-16T12:51:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T12:51:36Z", "ms": -1547636904232.8584 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:26 on Wed 15 Dec to 00:31 on Fri 17 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z → 1920-12-17T00:31:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 15th, 12:04–12:52 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34504 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1920 falls on Thursday 16 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:26 on Wed 15 Dec to 00:31 on Fri 17 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34504, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-15T22:26:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T00:31:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-15T22:26:10+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T00:31:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-15T12:03:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T12:03:07Z", "ms": -1547726213498.418 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-15T12:51:07+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T12:51:07Z", "ms": -1547723333498.418 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T12:03:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T12:03:36Z", "ms": -1547639784232.8584 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-16T12:51:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T12:51:36Z", "ms": -1547636904232.8584 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:26 on Wed 15 Dec to 00:31 on Fri 17 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z → 1920-12-17T00:31:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 15th, 12:04–12:52 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34504 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1920 falls on Thursday 16 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:26 on Wed 15 Dec to 00:31 on Fri 17 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35876, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T00:31:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-18T02:06:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-18T02:06:39Z", "ms": -1547502801288.3433 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T00:31:24+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-18T02:06:39+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-18T02:06:39Z", "ms": -1547502801288.3433 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T12:04:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T12:04:05Z", "ms": -1547553354762.6401 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T12:52:05+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T12:52:05Z", "ms": -1547550474762.6401 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-18T12:04:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-18T12:04:35Z", "ms": -1547466925122.76 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-18T12:52:35+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-18T12:52:35Z", "ms": -1547464045122.76 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 00:31 on Fri 17 Dec to 02:07 on Sat 18 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z → 1920-12-18T02:06:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 17th, 12:05–12:53 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35876 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Bamako, 1920: Friday 17 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mitra Saptamī 1920 falls on Friday 17 December. Saptamī runs from 00:31 on Fri 17 Dec to 02:07 on Sat 18 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-12-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15487, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-21T02:30:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T02:30:36Z", "ms": -1547242163668.4988 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T00:59:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z", "ms": -1547161204698.0625 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-21T02:30:36+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T02:30:36Z", "ms": -1547242163668.4988 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T00:59:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z", "ms": -1547161204698.0625 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-21T06:48:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T06:48:43Z", "ms": -1547226676638.5852 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-21T06:48:43+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T06:48:43Z", "ms": -1547226676638.5852 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T06:49:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T06:49:13Z", "ms": -1547140246607.5986 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T06:49:13+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T06:49:13Z", "ms": -1547140246607.5986 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:31 on Tue 21 Dec to 01:00 on Wed 22 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-21T02:30:36Z → 1920-12-22T00:59:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:49 on the 21st and 06:49 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15487 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 21 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Tuesday 21 December. Ekādaśī runs from 02:31 on Tue 21 Dec to 01:00 on Wed 22 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-12-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35331, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T00:59:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z", "ms": -1547161204698.0625 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T22:43:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z", "ms": -1547082994317.412 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T00:59:55+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z", "ms": -1547161204698.0625 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T22:43:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z", "ms": -1547082994317.412 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-21T12:06:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T12:06:04Z", "ms": -1547207635529.9468 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-21T12:54:04+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T12:54:04Z", "ms": -1547204755529.9468 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T12:06:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T12:06:34Z", "ms": -1547121205552.9663 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T12:54:34+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T12:54:34Z", "ms": -1547118325552.9663 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:00 on Wed 22 Dec to 22:43 on Wed 22 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z → 1920-12-22T22:43:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 21st, 12:07–12:55 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35331 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1920: Wednesday 22 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 22 December. Dvādaśī runs from 01:00 on Wed 22 Dec to 22:43 on Wed 22 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-12-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 327, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T22:43:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z", "ms": -1547082994317.412 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T19:48:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T19:48:01Z", "ms": -1547007118601.396 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T22:43:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z", "ms": -1547082994317.412 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T19:48:01+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T19:48:01Z", "ms": -1547007118601.396 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T18:11:56+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T18:11:56Z", "ms": -1547099284498.334 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T19:52:58+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T19:52:58Z", "ms": -1547093222172.8115 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-23T18:12:26+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T18:12:26Z", "ms": -1547012854089.2598 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T19:53:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T19:53:28Z", "ms": -1547006791946.2744 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:43 on Wed 22 Dec to 19:48 on Thu 23 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z → 1920-12-23T19:48:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:12–19:53 on the 22nd, 18:12–19:53 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 22nd and 96 of 101 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 327 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1920: Thursday 23 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-23", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Thursday 23 December. Trayodaśī runs from 22:43 on Wed 22 Dec to 19:48 on Thu 23 Dec and covers 96 of 101 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-12-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6610, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-12-24T16:22:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-24T16:22:47Z", "ms": -1546933033215.7998 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-25T12:38:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-25T12:38:12Z", "ms": -1546860107543.8313 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-24T16:22:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-24T16:22:47Z", "ms": -1546933033215.7998 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-25T12:38:12+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-25T12:38:12Z", "ms": -1546860107543.8313 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-24T18:12:57+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-24T18:12:57Z", "ms": -1546926423224.4895 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-24T19:53:59+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-24T19:53:59Z", "ms": -1546920361396.7336 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-25T18:13:28+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-25T18:13:28Z", "ms": -1546839991933.773 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-25T19:54:29+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-25T19:54:29Z", "ms": -1546833930553.6655 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:23 on Fri 24 Dec to 12:38 on Sat 25 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-24T16:22:47Z → 1920-12-25T12:38:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:13–19:54 on the 24th, 18:13–19:54 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 101 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6610 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Bamako, 1920: Friday 24 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1920 falls on Friday 24 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:23 on Fri 24 Dec to 12:38 on Sat 25 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-12-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2156, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-28T01:22:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T01:22:47Z", "ms": -1546641433112.878 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-28T22:14:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T22:14:40Z", "ms": -1546566320302.5088 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-28T01:22:47+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T01:22:47Z", "ms": -1546641433112.878 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-28T22:14:40+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T22:14:40Z", "ms": -1546566320302.5088 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-27T20:38:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-27T20:38:30Z", "ms": -1546658489846.386 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-27T20:38:30+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-27T20:38:30Z", "ms": -1546658489846.386 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-28T21:38:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T21:38:44Z", "ms": -1546568476410.383 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-28T21:38:44+00:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T21:38:44Z", "ms": -1546568476410.383 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:23 on Tue 28 Dec to 22:15 on Tue 28 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-28T01:22:47Z → 1920-12-28T22:14:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:39 on the 27th and 21:39 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2156 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1920: Tuesday 28 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 28 December. Caturthī runs from 01:23 on Tue 28 Dec to 22:15 on Tue 28 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-12-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }