{ "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941", "place": { "id": "2460596", "slug": "bamako", "name": "Bamako", "region": "Mali", "country": "ML", "lat": 12.60915, "lon": -7.97522, "elevation_m": 374, "tz": "Africa/Bamako" }, "year": 1941, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-01-01", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18588, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-31T18:08:51+00:00", "utc": "1940-12-31T18:08:51Z", "ms": -915169868549.0621 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-01T18:38:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-01T18:38:58Z", "ms": -915081661602.502 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-31T18:08:51+00:00", "utc": "1940-12-31T18:08:51Z", "ms": -915169868549.0621 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-01T18:38:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-01T18:38:58Z", "ms": -915081661602.502 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-31T12:11:03+00:00", "utc": "1940-12-31T12:11:03Z", "ms": -915191337039.1765 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-31T12:59:03+00:00", "utc": "1940-12-31T12:59:03Z", "ms": -915188457039.1765 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-01-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-01T12:11:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-01T12:11:32Z", "ms": -915104908318.3499 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-01T12:59:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-01T12:59:32Z", "ms": -915102028318.3499 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:09 on Tue 31 Dec to 18:39 on Wed 1 Jan.", "fact": "1940-12-31T18:08:51Z → 1941-01-01T18:38:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 31st, 12:12–13:00 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18588 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 1 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1941 falls on Wednesday 1 January. Caturthī runs from 18:09 on Tue 31 Dec to 18:39 on Wed 1 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-01-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-01-09", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4150, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-01-08T08:05:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-08T08:05:18Z", "ms": -914514882218.2738 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-09T09:57:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-09T09:57:54Z", "ms": -914421725551.1815 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-01-08T08:05:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-08T08:05:18Z", "ms": -914514882218.2738 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-09T09:57:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-09T09:57:54Z", "ms": -914421725551.1815 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-08T06:56:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-08T06:56:08Z", "ms": -914519032418.1001 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-08T06:56:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-08T06:56:08Z", "ms": -914519032418.1001 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-09T06:56:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-09T06:56:24Z", "ms": -914432615562.0092 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-09T06:56:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-09T06:56:24Z", "ms": -914432615562.0092 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:05 on Wed 8 Jan to 09:58 on Thu 9 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-08T08:05:18Z → 1941-01-09T09:57:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:56 on the 8th and 06:56 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4150 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 9 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Putradā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Thursday 9 January. Ekādaśī runs from 08:05 on Wed 8 Jan to 09:58 on Thu 9 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-01-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-01-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23757, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-01-10T11:12:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-10T11:12:39Z", "ms": -914330841495.8427 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-11T11:46:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-11T11:46:58Z", "ms": -914242381732.4601 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-01-10T11:12:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-10T11:12:39Z", "ms": -914330841495.8427 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-11T11:46:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-11T11:46:58Z", "ms": -914242381732.4601 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-10T18:22:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-10T18:22:23Z", "ms": -914305057488.7086 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-10T20:02:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-10T20:02:59Z", "ms": -914299021130.7249 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-01-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-11T18:22:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-11T18:22:56Z", "ms": -914218624267.4468 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-11T20:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-11T20:03:30Z", "ms": -914212590489.1415 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:13 on Fri 10 Jan to 11:47 on Sat 11 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-10T11:12:39Z → 1941-01-11T11:46:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:22–20:03 on the 10th, 18:23–20:03 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 101 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23757 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Friday 10 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Friday 10 January. Trayodaśī runs from 11:13 on Fri 10 Jan to 11:47 on Sat 11 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-01-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14649, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1941-01-13T14:19:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z", "ms": -914060407434.0446 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-12T03:20:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-12T03:20:35Z", "ms": -911507965018.0433 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1941-01-13T14:19:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z", "ms": -914060407434.0446 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-13T14:19:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z", "ms": -914060407434.0446 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-12T18:23:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-12T18:23:29Z", "ms": -914132191240.4911 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-13T18:24:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T18:24:02Z", "ms": -914045758432.7748 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-13T18:24:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T18:24:02Z", "ms": -914045758432.7748 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-14T18:24:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-14T18:24:34Z", "ms": -913959325867.8524 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1941-01-13", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 14:20 on Mon 13 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 18:24, and the day of the 14th ends at 18:25.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 14649 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Monday 13 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 12 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1941-01-12", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1941-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bhogi 1941 falls on Sunday 12 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Monday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 14:20 on Mon 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14649, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1941-01-13T14:19:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z", "ms": -914060407434.0446 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-12T03:20:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-12T03:20:35Z", "ms": -911507965018.0433 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1941-01-13T14:19:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z", "ms": -914060407434.0446 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-13T14:19:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z", "ms": -914060407434.0446 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-12T18:23:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-12T18:23:29Z", "ms": -914132191240.4911 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-13T18:24:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T18:24:02Z", "ms": -914045758432.7748 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-13T18:24:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T18:24:02Z", "ms": -914045758432.7748 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-14T18:24:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-14T18:24:34Z", "ms": -913959325867.8524 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 14:20 on Mon 13 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 18:24, and the day of the 14th ends at 18:25.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 14649 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Bamako, 1941: Monday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1941-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1941-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Pongal 1941 falls on Monday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 14:20 on Mon 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34807, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1941-01-13T14:19:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z", "ms": -914060407434.0446 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-12T03:20:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-12T03:20:35Z", "ms": -911507965018.0433 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1941-01-13T14:19:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z", "ms": -914060407434.0446 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-13T14:19:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z", "ms": -914060407434.0446 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-13T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T00:00:00Z", "ms": -914112000000 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-14T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-14T00:00:00Z", "ms": -914025600000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-14T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-14T00:00:00Z", "ms": -914025600000 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-15T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ms": -913939200000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 14:20 on Mon 13 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Bamako.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Africa/Bamako" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 34807 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Bamako, 1941: Monday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1941-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1941-01-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Makara Saṅkrānti 1941 falls on Monday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 14:20 on Mon 13 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14649, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1941-01-13T14:19:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z", "ms": -914060407434.0446 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-12T03:20:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-12T03:20:35Z", "ms": -911507965018.0433 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1941-01-13T14:19:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z", "ms": -914060407434.0446 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-13T14:19:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z", "ms": -914060407434.0446 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-12T18:23:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-12T18:23:29Z", "ms": -914132191240.4911 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-13T18:24:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T18:24:02Z", "ms": -914045758432.7748 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-13T18:24:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-13T18:24:02Z", "ms": -914045758432.7748 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-14T18:24:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-14T18:24:34Z", "ms": -913959325867.8524 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1941-01-13", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 14:20 on Mon 13 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-13T14:19:53Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 18:24, and the day of the 14th ends at 18:25.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 14649 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Monday 13 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1941-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1941-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mattu Pongal 1941 falls on Tuesday 14 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Monday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 14:20 on Mon 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-01-16", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26796, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-01-16T06:47:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-16T06:47:37Z", "ms": -913828342583.2158 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-17T04:55:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-17T04:55:52Z", "ms": -913748647705.222 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-01-16T06:47:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-16T06:47:37Z", "ms": -913828342583.2158 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-17T04:55:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-17T04:55:52Z", "ms": -913748647705.222 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-15T20:33:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-15T20:33:11Z", "ms": -913865208963.66 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-15T20:33:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-15T20:33:11Z", "ms": -913865208963.66 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-01-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-16T21:29:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-16T21:29:17Z", "ms": -913775443343.57 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-16T21:29:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-16T21:29:17Z", "ms": -913775443343.57 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:48 on Thu 16 Jan to 04:56 on Fri 17 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-16T06:47:37Z → 1941-01-17T04:55:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:33 on the 15th and 21:29 on the 16th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26796 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 16 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1941 falls on Thursday 16 January. Caturthī runs from 06:48 on Thu 16 Jan to 04:56 on Fri 17 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-01-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-01-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30648, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-01-22T17:14:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-22T17:14:46Z", "ms": -913272313784.8273 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-23T15:29:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-23T15:29:21Z", "ms": -913192239174.5853 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-01-22T17:14:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-22T17:14:46Z", "ms": -913272313784.8273 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-23T15:29:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-23T15:29:21Z", "ms": -913192239174.5853 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-22T06:58:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-22T06:58:30Z", "ms": -913309289505.0149 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-22T06:58:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-22T06:58:30Z", "ms": -913309289505.0149 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-23T06:58:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-23T06:58:33Z", "ms": -913222887216.5674 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-23T06:58:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-23T06:58:33Z", "ms": -913222887216.5674 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:15 on Wed 22 Jan to 15:29 on Thu 23 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-22T17:14:46Z → 1941-01-23T15:29:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:59 on the 22nd and 06:59 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30648 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Thursday 23 January. Ekādaśī runs from 17:15 on Wed 22 Jan to 15:29 on Thu 23 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-01-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-01-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16530, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-01-24T13:54:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-24T13:54:11Z", "ms": -913111548688.2045 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-25T12:34:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-25T12:34:09Z", "ms": -913029950614.1399 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-01-24T13:54:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-24T13:54:11Z", "ms": -913111548688.2045 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-25T12:34:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-25T12:34:09Z", "ms": -913029950614.1399 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-24T18:29:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-24T18:29:42Z", "ms": -913095018239.9666 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-24T20:09:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-24T20:09:33Z", "ms": -913089027259.9735 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-25T18:30:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-25T18:30:10Z", "ms": -913008589738.5573 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-25T20:09:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-25T20:09:57Z", "ms": -913002602687.9862 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:54 on Fri 24 Jan to 12:34 on Sat 25 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-24T13:54:11Z → 1941-01-25T12:34:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:30–20:10 on the 24th, 18:30–20:10 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 100 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16530 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Friday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Friday 24 January. Trayodaśī runs from 13:54 on Fri 24 Jan to 12:34 on Sat 25 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-01-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-01-25", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37596, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-01-25T12:34:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-25T12:34:09Z", "ms": -913029950614.1399 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-26T11:34:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-26T11:34:58Z", "ms": -912947102073.7003 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-01-25T12:34:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-25T12:34:09Z", "ms": -913029950614.1399 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-26T11:34:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-26T11:34:58Z", "ms": -912947102073.7003 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-25T00:20:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-25T00:20:08Z", "ms": -913073992064.9927 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-25T01:08:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-25T01:08:08Z", "ms": -913071112064.9927 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-26T00:20:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-26T00:20:22Z", "ms": -912987578298.9156 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-26T01:08:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-26T01:08:22Z", "ms": -912984698298.9156 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:34 on Sat 25 Jan to 11:35 on Sun 26 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-25T12:34:09Z → 1941-01-26T11:34:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:20–01:08 on the 24th, 00:20–01:08 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37596 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1941 falls on Saturday 25 January. Caturdaśī runs from 12:34 on Sat 25 Jan to 11:35 on Sun 26 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-01-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16585, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-01-25T12:34:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-25T12:34:09Z", "ms": -913029950614.1399 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-26T11:34:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-26T11:34:58Z", "ms": -912947102073.7003 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-01-25T12:34:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-25T12:34:09Z", "ms": -913029950614.1399 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-26T11:34:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-26T11:34:58Z", "ms": -912947102073.7003 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-25T05:18:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-25T05:18:43Z", "ms": -913056076870.012 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-25T06:58:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-25T06:58:34Z", "ms": -913050085890.0189 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-26T05:18:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-26T05:18:46Z", "ms": -912969673909.8451 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-26T06:58:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-26T06:58:33Z", "ms": -912963686859.274 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:34 on Sat 25 Jan to 11:35 on Sun 26 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-25T12:34:09Z → 1941-01-26T11:34:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:19–06:59 on the 25th, 05:19–06:59 on the 26th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 25th and 100 of 100 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16585 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 26 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yama Tarpaṇa 1941 falls on Sunday 26 January. Caturdaśī runs from 12:34 on Sat 25 Jan to 11:35 on Sun 26 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 886, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-01-30T12:54:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-30T12:54:36Z", "ms": -912596724408.5721 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-31T14:45:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T14:45:33Z", "ms": -912503666912.6965 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-01-30T12:54:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-30T12:54:36Z", "ms": -912596724408.5721 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-31T14:45:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T14:45:33Z", "ms": -912503666912.6965 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-30T12:21:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-30T12:21:22Z", "ms": -912598718338.4406 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-30T13:09:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-30T13:09:22Z", "ms": -912595838338.4406 } }, "covered_min": 15, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-31T12:21:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T12:21:31Z", "ms": -912512308915.5056 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-31T13:09:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T13:09:31Z", "ms": -912509428915.5056 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:55 on Thu 30 Jan to 14:46 on Fri 31 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-30T12:54:36Z → 1941-01-31T14:45:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 30th, 12:22–13:10 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 15 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 886 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1941 falls on Thursday 30 January. Caturthī runs from 12:55 on Thu 30 Jan to 14:46 on Fri 31 Jan and covers 15 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13637, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-01-30T12:54:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-30T12:54:36Z", "ms": -912596724408.5721 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-31T14:45:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T14:45:33Z", "ms": -912503666912.6965 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-01-30T12:54:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-30T12:54:36Z", "ms": -912596724408.5721 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-31T14:45:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T14:45:33Z", "ms": -912503666912.6965 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-30T18:32:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-30T18:32:25Z", "ms": -912576455010.2871 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-30T20:11:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-30T20:11:51Z", "ms": -912570488755.3418 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-31T18:32:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T18:32:50Z", "ms": -912490029732.8138 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-31T20:12:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T20:12:12Z", "ms": -912484067850.4668 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:55 on Thu 30 Jan to 14:46 on Fri 31 Jan.", "fact": "1941-01-30T12:54:36Z → 1941-01-31T14:45:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:32–20:12 on the 30th, 18:33–20:12 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 99 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13637 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Tila Caturthī 1941 falls on Thursday 30 January. Caturthī runs from 12:55 on Thu 30 Jan to 14:46 on Fri 31 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5762, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1941-01-31T14:45:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T14:45:33Z", "ms": -912503666912.6965 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-01T17:05:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-01T17:05:46Z", "ms": -912408854287.5216 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-01-31T14:45:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T14:45:33Z", "ms": -912503666912.6965 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-01T17:05:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-01T17:05:46Z", "ms": -912408854287.5216 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-31T12:21:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T12:21:31Z", "ms": -912512308915.5056 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-31T13:09:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T13:09:31Z", "ms": -912509428915.5056 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-01T12:21:40+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-01T12:21:40Z", "ms": -912425900328.1296 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-01T13:09:40+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-01T13:09:40Z", "ms": -912423020328.1296 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 14:46 on Fri 31 Jan to 17:06 on Sat 1 Feb.", "fact": "1941-01-31T14:45:33Z → 1941-02-01T17:05:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 31st, 12:22–13:10 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5762 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śrī Pañcamī 1941 falls on Saturday 1 February. Pañcamī runs from 14:46 on Fri 31 Jan to 17:06 on Sat 1 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5762, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1941-01-31T14:45:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T14:45:33Z", "ms": -912503666912.6965 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-01T17:05:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-01T17:05:46Z", "ms": -912408854287.5216 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-01-31T14:45:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T14:45:33Z", "ms": -912503666912.6965 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-01T17:05:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-01T17:05:46Z", "ms": -912408854287.5216 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-01-31T12:21:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T12:21:31Z", "ms": -912512308915.5056 }, "end": { "local": "1941-01-31T13:09:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-01-31T13:09:31Z", "ms": -912509428915.5056 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-01T12:21:40+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-01T12:21:40Z", "ms": -912425900328.1296 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-01T13:09:40+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-01T13:09:40Z", "ms": -912423020328.1296 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 14:46 on Fri 31 Jan to 17:06 on Sat 1 Feb.", "fact": "1941-01-31T14:45:33Z → 1941-02-01T17:05:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 31st, 12:22–13:10 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5762 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vasanta Pañcamī 1941 falls on Saturday 1 February. Pañcamī runs from 14:46 on Fri 31 Jan to 17:06 on Sat 1 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-02-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24786, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1941-02-02T19:43:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-02T19:43:56Z", "ms": -912312963629.7305 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-03T22:25:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-03T22:25:21Z", "ms": -912216879189.602 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-02-02T19:43:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-02T19:43:56Z", "ms": -912312963629.7305 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-03T22:25:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-03T22:25:21Z", "ms": -912216879189.602 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-03T05:18:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-03T05:18:33Z", "ms": -912278486822.0457 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-03T06:57:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-03T06:57:46Z", "ms": -912272533880.1592 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-04T05:18:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-04T05:18:27Z", "ms": -912192092990.3325 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-04T06:57:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-04T06:57:35Z", "ms": -912186144611.8751 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 19:44 on Sun 2 Feb to 22:25 on Mon 3 Feb.", "fact": "1941-02-02T19:43:56Z → 1941-02-03T22:25:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:19–06:58 on the 3rd, 05:18–06:58 on the 4th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 99 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24786 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 3 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ratha Saptamī 1941 falls on Monday 3 February. Saptamī runs from 19:44 on Sun 2 Feb to 22:25 on Mon 3 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-02-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7276, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-02-07T04:17:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-07T04:17:39Z", "ms": -911936541238.7252 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-08T04:55:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-08T04:55:26Z", "ms": -911847874391.4707 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-02-07T04:17:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-07T04:17:39Z", "ms": -911936541238.7252 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-08T04:55:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-08T04:55:26Z", "ms": -911847874391.4707 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-07T06:56:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-07T06:56:57Z", "ms": -911926983078.7069 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-07T06:56:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-07T06:56:57Z", "ms": -911926983078.7069 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-08T06:56:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-08T06:56:42Z", "ms": -911840597949.1505 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-08T06:56:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-08T06:56:42Z", "ms": -911840597949.1505 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:18 on Fri 7 Feb to 04:55 on Sat 8 Feb.", "fact": "1941-02-07T04:17:39Z → 1941-02-08T04:55:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:57 on the 7th and 06:57 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7276 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Friday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Jayā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Friday 7 February. Ekādaśī runs from 04:18 on Fri 7 Feb to 04:55 on Sat 8 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26811, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-02-08T04:55:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-08T04:55:26Z", "ms": -911847874391.4707 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-09T04:47:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-09T04:47:05Z", "ms": -911761975177.4966 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-02-08T04:55:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-08T04:55:26Z", "ms": -911847874391.4707 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-09T04:47:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-09T04:47:05Z", "ms": -911761975177.4966 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-08T12:22:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-08T12:22:16Z", "ms": -911821063565.8722 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-08T13:10:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-08T13:10:16Z", "ms": -911818183565.8722 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-09T12:22:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-09T12:22:18Z", "ms": -911734661599.3424 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-09T13:10:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-09T13:10:18Z", "ms": -911731781599.3424 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 04:55 on Sat 8 Feb to 04:47 on Sun 9 Feb.", "fact": "1941-02-08T04:55:26Z → 1941-02-09T04:47:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 8th, 12:22–13:10 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26811 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1941 falls on Saturday 8 February. Dvādaśī runs from 04:55 on Sat 8 Feb to 04:47 on Sun 9 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-02-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-02-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27632, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-02-09T04:47:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-09T04:47:05Z", "ms": -911761975177.4966 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-10T03:55:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-10T03:55:22Z", "ms": -911678677795.7373 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-02-09T04:47:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-09T04:47:05Z", "ms": -911761975177.4966 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-10T03:55:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-10T03:55:22Z", "ms": -911678677795.7373 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-08T18:35:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-08T18:35:51Z", "ms": -911798649182.5939 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-08T20:14:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-08T20:14:36Z", "ms": -911792724467.4639 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-09T18:36:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-09T18:36:11Z", "ms": -911712229379.5656 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-09T20:14:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-09T20:14:50Z", "ms": -911706309551.8663 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:47 on Sun 9 Feb to 03:55 on Mon 10 Feb.", "fact": "1941-02-09T04:47:05Z → 1941-02-10T03:55:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:36–20:15 on the 8th, 18:36–20:15 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 8th and 99 of 99 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27632 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 9 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Sunday 9 February. Trayodaśī runs from 04:47 on Sun 9 Feb to 03:55 on Mon 10 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-02-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-02-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35781, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-02-11T02:25:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-11T02:25:59Z", "ms": -911597640555.6705 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-12T00:26:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-12T00:26:24Z", "ms": -911518416383.7721 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-02-11T02:25:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-11T02:25:59Z", "ms": -911597640555.6705 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-12T00:26:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-12T00:26:24Z", "ms": -911518416383.7721 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-11T12:22:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-11T12:22:20Z", "ms": -911561860047.1272 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-11T13:10:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-11T13:10:20Z", "ms": -911558980047.1272 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-12T12:22:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-12T12:22:20Z", "ms": -911475460436.406 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-12T13:10:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-12T13:10:20Z", "ms": -911472580436.406 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:26 on Tue 11 Feb to 00:26 on Wed 12 Feb.", "fact": "1941-02-11T02:25:59Z → 1941-02-12T00:26:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 11th, 12:22–13:10 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35781 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 11 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1941 falls on Tuesday 11 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:26 on Tue 11 Feb to 00:26 on Wed 12 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-02-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-02-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15914, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-02-14T16:48:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-14T16:48:08Z", "ms": -911286712496.0837 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-15T14:07:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-15T14:07:41Z", "ms": -911209938863.2428 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-02-14T16:48:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-14T16:48:08Z", "ms": -911286712496.0837 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-15T14:07:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-15T14:07:41Z", "ms": -911209938863.2428 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-14T21:13:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-14T21:13:22Z", "ms": -911270798187.295 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-14T21:13:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-14T21:13:22Z", "ms": -911270798187.295 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-15T22:11:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-15T22:11:14Z", "ms": -911180925899.529 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-15T22:11:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-15T22:11:14Z", "ms": -911180925899.529 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:48 on Fri 14 Feb to 14:08 on Sat 15 Feb.", "fact": "1941-02-14T16:48:08Z → 1941-02-15T14:07:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:13 on the 14th and 22:11 on the 15th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15914 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Friday 14 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1941 falls on Friday 14 February. Caturthī runs from 16:48 on Fri 14 Feb to 14:08 on Sat 15 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-02-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-02-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-02-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15393, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-02-21T02:35:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-21T02:35:31Z", "ms": -910733068630.6029 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-22T01:49:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-22T01:49:05Z", "ms": -910649455072.5363 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-02-21T02:35:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-21T02:35:31Z", "ms": -910733068630.6029 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-22T01:49:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-22T01:49:05Z", "ms": -910649455072.5363 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-21T06:52:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-21T06:52:05Z", "ms": -910717675178.7631 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-21T06:52:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-21T06:52:05Z", "ms": -910717675178.7631 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-22T06:51:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-22T06:51:38Z", "ms": -910631302248.4105 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-22T06:51:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-22T06:51:38Z", "ms": -910631302248.4105 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:36 on Fri 21 Feb to 01:49 on Sat 22 Feb.", "fact": "1941-02-21T02:35:31Z → 1941-02-22T01:49:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:52 on the 21st and 06:52 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15393 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Friday 21 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Friday 21 February. Ekādaśī runs from 02:36 on Fri 21 Feb to 01:49 on Sat 22 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-02-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-02-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18581, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-02-23T01:26:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-23T01:26:49Z", "ms": -910564390962.5599 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-24T01:30:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-24T01:30:28Z", "ms": -910477771861.0084 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-02-23T01:26:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-23T01:26:49Z", "ms": -910564390962.5599 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-24T01:30:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-24T01:30:28Z", "ms": -910477771861.0084 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-22T18:39:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-22T18:39:35Z", "ms": -910588824802.3611 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-22T20:17:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-22T20:17:08Z", "ms": -910582972167.6847 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-23T18:39:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-23T18:39:47Z", "ms": -910502412842.369 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-23T20:17:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-23T20:17:14Z", "ms": -910496565602.4071 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:27 on Sun 23 Feb to 01:30 on Mon 24 Feb.", "fact": "1941-02-23T01:26:49Z → 1941-02-24T01:30:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:40–20:17 on the 22nd, 18:40–20:17 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 98 minutes on the 22nd and 97 of 97 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18581 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Sunday 23 February. Trayodaśī runs from 01:27 on Sun 23 Feb to 01:30 on Mon 24 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-02-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-02-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1274, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-02-24T01:30:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-24T01:30:28Z", "ms": -910477771861.0084 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-25T02:01:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-25T02:01:45Z", "ms": -910389495432.5144 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-02-24T01:30:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-24T01:30:28Z", "ms": -910477771861.0084 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-25T02:01:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-25T02:01:45Z", "ms": -910389495432.5144 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-24T00:21:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-24T00:21:14Z", "ms": -910481925692.512 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-24T01:09:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-24T01:09:14Z", "ms": -910479045692.512 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-02-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-02-25T00:21:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-25T00:21:05Z", "ms": -910395534558.3997 }, "end": { "local": "1941-02-25T01:09:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-02-25T01:09:05Z", "ms": -910392654558.3997 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:30 on Mon 24 Feb to 02:02 on Tue 25 Feb.", "fact": "1941-02-24T01:30:28Z → 1941-02-25T02:01:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:21–01:09 on the 23rd, 00:21–01:09 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 1274 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Bamako, 1941: Monday 24 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-02-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahāśivarātri 1941 falls on Monday 24 February. Caturdaśī runs from 01:30 on Mon 24 Feb to 02:02 on Tue 25 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-03-01", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3471, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-03-01T08:47:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-01T08:47:11Z", "ms": -910019568691.7698 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-02T11:22:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-02T11:22:26Z", "ms": -909923854204.1693 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-01T08:47:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-01T08:47:11Z", "ms": -910019568691.7698 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-02T11:22:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-02T11:22:26Z", "ms": -909923854204.1693 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-01T12:20:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-01T12:20:29Z", "ms": -910006771183.1477 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-01T13:08:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-01T13:08:29Z", "ms": -910003891183.1477 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-03-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-02T12:20:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-02T12:20:17Z", "ms": -909920383050.1829 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-02T13:08:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-02T13:08:17Z", "ms": -909917503050.1829 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:47 on Sat 1 Mar to 11:22 on Sun 2 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-01T08:47:11Z → 1941-03-02T11:22:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:20–13:08 on the 1st, 12:20–13:08 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3471 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 1 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1941 falls on Saturday 1 March. Caturthī runs from 08:47 on Sat 1 Mar to 11:22 on Sun 2 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-03-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-03-09", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32973, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-03-08T21:34:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-08T21:34:02Z", "ms": -909368757955.6326 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-09T20:55:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-09T20:55:15Z", "ms": -909284684922.5018 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-08T21:34:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-08T21:34:02Z", "ms": -909368757955.6326 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-09T20:55:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-09T20:55:15Z", "ms": -909284684922.5018 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-09T06:43:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-09T06:43:35Z", "ms": -909335784698.2997 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-09T06:43:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-09T06:43:35Z", "ms": -909335784698.2997 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-10T06:42:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-10T06:42:59Z", "ms": -909249421023.2548 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-10T06:42:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-10T06:42:59Z", "ms": -909249421023.2548 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:34 on Sat 8 Mar to 20:55 on Sun 9 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-08T21:34:02Z → 1941-03-09T20:55:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:44 on the 9th and 06:43 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32973 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 9 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Sunday 9 March. Ekādaśī runs from 21:34 on Sat 8 Mar to 20:55 on Sun 9 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-03-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-03-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2833, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-03-10T19:30:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-10T19:30:42Z", "ms": -909203357622.7882 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-11T17:25:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-11T17:25:56Z", "ms": -909124444267.7666 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-10T19:30:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-10T19:30:42Z", "ms": -909203357622.7882 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-11T17:25:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-11T17:25:56Z", "ms": -909124444267.7666 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-10T18:41:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-10T18:41:52Z", "ms": -909206288315.2441 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-10T20:17:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-10T20:17:56Z", "ms": -909200524238.1256 } }, "covered_min": 47, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-11T18:41:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-11T18:41:57Z", "ms": -909119883098.3491 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-11T20:17:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-11T20:17:55Z", "ms": -909114124660.2284 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:31 on Mon 10 Mar to 17:26 on Tue 11 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-10T19:30:42Z → 1941-03-11T17:25:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:42–20:18 on the 10th, 18:42–20:18 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 47 of 96 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 96 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2833 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Monday 10 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Monday 10 March. Trayodaśī runs from 19:31 on Mon 10 Mar to 17:26 on Tue 11 Mar and covers 47 of 96 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-03-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5375, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-03-12T14:48:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-12T14:48:24Z", "ms": -909047496461.118 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-13T11:46:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-13T11:46:43Z", "ms": -908971997140.2184 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-12T14:48:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-12T14:48:24Z", "ms": -909047496461.118 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-13T11:46:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-13T11:46:43Z", "ms": -908971997140.2184 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-12T16:17:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-12T16:17:58Z", "ms": -909042121500.744 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-12T18:42:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-12T18:42:02Z", "ms": -909033478172.819 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-13T16:17:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-13T16:17:55Z", "ms": -908955725258.1743 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-13T18:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-13T18:42:06Z", "ms": -908947073517.0967 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:48 on Wed 12 Mar to 11:47 on Thu 13 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-12T14:48:24Z → 1941-03-13T11:46:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:18–18:42 on the 12th, 16:18–18:42 on the 13th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 144 of 144 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 144 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5375 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 12 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Holikā Dahana 1941 falls on Wednesday 12 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:48 on Wed 12 Mar to 11:47 on Thu 13 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5375, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-03-12T14:48:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-12T14:48:24Z", "ms": -909047496461.118 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-13T11:46:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-13T11:46:43Z", "ms": -908971997140.2184 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-12T14:48:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-12T14:48:24Z", "ms": -909047496461.118 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-13T11:46:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-13T11:46:43Z", "ms": -908971997140.2184 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-12T16:17:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-12T16:17:58Z", "ms": -909042121500.744 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-12T18:42:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-12T18:42:02Z", "ms": -909033478172.819 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-13T16:17:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-13T16:17:55Z", "ms": -908955725258.1743 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-13T18:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-13T18:42:06Z", "ms": -908947073517.0967 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1941-03-12", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:48 on Wed 12 Mar to 11:47 on Thu 13 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-12T14:48:24Z → 1941-03-13T11:46:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:18–18:42 on the 12th, 16:18–18:42 on the 13th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 144 of 144 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 144 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5375 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Wednesday 12 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 13 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Holī 1941 falls on Thursday 13 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Wednesday 12 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:48 on Wed 12 Mar to 11:47 on Thu 13 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 12th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6572, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1941-03-13T11:46:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-13T11:46:43Z", "ms": -908971997140.2184 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-14T08:30:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-14T08:30:02Z", "ms": -908897397821.3312 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-13T11:46:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-13T11:46:43Z", "ms": -908971997140.2184 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-14T08:30:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-14T08:30:02Z", "ms": -908897397821.3312 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-13T06:41:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-13T06:41:08Z", "ms": -908990332222.485 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-13T06:41:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-13T06:41:08Z", "ms": -908990332222.485 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-14T06:40:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-14T06:40:30Z", "ms": -908903969938.7689 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-14T06:40:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-14T06:40:30Z", "ms": -908903969938.7689 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 11:47 on Thu 13 Mar to 08:30 on Fri 14 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-13T11:46:43Z → 1941-03-14T08:30:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:41 on the 13th and 06:41 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6572 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Bamako, 1941: Friday 14 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vasantotsava 1941 falls on Friday 14 March. Pratipadā runs from 11:47 on Thu 13 Mar to 08:30 on Fri 14 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-03-16", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2570, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-03-16T01:48:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-16T01:48:14Z", "ms": -908748706103.8468 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-16T22:40:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-16T22:40:24Z", "ms": -908673576208.1602 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-16T01:48:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-16T01:48:14Z", "ms": -908748706103.8468 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-16T22:40:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-16T22:40:24Z", "ms": -908673576208.1602 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-15T20:57:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-15T20:57:10Z", "ms": -908766170005.1394 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-15T20:57:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-15T20:57:10Z", "ms": -908766170005.1394 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-16T21:57:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-16T21:57:34Z", "ms": -908676145940.1781 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-16T21:57:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-16T21:57:34Z", "ms": -908676145940.1781 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:48 on Sun 16 Mar to 22:40 on Sun 16 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-16T01:48:14Z → 1941-03-16T22:40:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:57 on the 15th and 21:58 on the 16th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2570 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 16 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1941 falls on Sunday 16 March. Caturthī runs from 01:48 on Sun 16 Mar to 22:40 on Sun 16 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-03-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4355, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1941-03-19T15:35:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-19T15:35:16Z", "ms": -908439884031.916 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-20T14:16:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-20T14:16:11Z", "ms": -908358228742.7915 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-19T15:35:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-19T15:35:16Z", "ms": -908439884031.916 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-20T14:16:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-20T14:16:11Z", "ms": -908358228742.7915 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-19T12:15:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-19T12:15:54Z", "ms": -908451846071.0193 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-19T13:03:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-19T13:03:54Z", "ms": -908448966071.0193 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-20T12:15:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-20T12:15:36Z", "ms": -908365463872.7572 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-20T13:03:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-20T13:03:36Z", "ms": -908362583872.7572 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 15:35 on Wed 19 Mar to 14:16 on Thu 20 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-19T15:35:16Z → 1941-03-20T14:16:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 19th, 12:16–13:04 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4355 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 20 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śītalāṣṭamī 1941 falls on Thursday 20 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 15:35 on Wed 19 Mar to 14:16 on Thu 20 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-03-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24558, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-03-22T13:24:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-22T13:24:38Z", "ms": -908188521794.9933 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-23T13:50:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-23T13:50:41Z", "ms": -908100558627.1328 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-22T13:24:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-22T13:24:38Z", "ms": -908188521794.9933 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-23T13:50:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-23T13:50:41Z", "ms": -908100558627.1328 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-22T06:35:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-22T06:35:21Z", "ms": -908213079381.6425 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-22T06:35:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-22T06:35:21Z", "ms": -908213079381.6425 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-23T06:34:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-23T06:34:41Z", "ms": -908126718646.7802 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-23T06:34:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-23T06:34:41Z", "ms": -908126718646.7802 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:25 on Sat 22 Mar to 13:51 on Sun 23 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-22T13:24:38Z → 1941-03-23T13:50:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:35 on the 22nd and 06:35 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24558 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Sunday 23 March. Ekādaśī runs from 13:25 on Sat 22 Mar to 13:51 on Sun 23 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-03-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8938, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-03-24T14:48:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-24T14:48:13Z", "ms": -908010707391.7915 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-25T16:13:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-25T16:13:51Z", "ms": -907919169079.2935 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-24T14:48:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-24T14:48:13Z", "ms": -908010707391.7915 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-25T16:13:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-25T16:13:51Z", "ms": -907919169079.2935 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-24T18:42:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-24T18:42:46Z", "ms": -907996634117.733 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-24T20:17:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-24T20:17:31Z", "ms": -907990949211.1188 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-25T18:42:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-25T18:42:49Z", "ms": -907910231149.533 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-25T20:17:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-25T20:17:28Z", "ms": -907904551887.2844 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:48 on Mon 24 Mar to 16:14 on Tue 25 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-24T14:48:13Z → 1941-03-25T16:13:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:18 on the 24th, 18:43–20:17 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 95 of 95 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 95 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8938 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Monday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Monday 24 March. Trayodaśī runs from 14:48 on Mon 24 Mar to 16:14 on Tue 25 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-03-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-03-25", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22182, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-03-25T16:13:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-25T16:13:51Z", "ms": -907919169079.2935 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-26T18:03:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-26T18:03:46Z", "ms": -907826174078.5068 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-25T16:13:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-25T16:13:51Z", "ms": -907919169079.2935 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-26T18:03:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-26T18:03:46Z", "ms": -907826174078.5068 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-26T00:13:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-26T00:13:46Z", "ms": -907890373916.1008 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-26T01:01:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-26T01:01:46Z", "ms": -907887493916.1008 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-27T00:13:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-27T00:13:28Z", "ms": -907803992129.21 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-27T01:01:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-27T01:01:28Z", "ms": -907801112129.21 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:14 on Tue 25 Mar to 18:04 on Wed 26 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-25T16:13:51Z → 1941-03-26T18:03:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:14–01:02 on the 25th, 00:13–01:01 on the 26th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22182 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1941 falls on Tuesday 25 March. Caturdaśī runs from 16:14 on Tue 25 Mar to 18:04 on Wed 26 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-03-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25933, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1941-03-27T20:13:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-27T20:13:42Z", "ms": -907731978034.2839 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-28T22:38:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-28T22:38:49Z", "ms": -907636870975.8256 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-27T20:13:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-27T20:13:42Z", "ms": -907731978034.2839 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-28T22:38:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-28T22:38:49Z", "ms": -907636870975.8256 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-27T12:13:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-27T12:13:29Z", "ms": -907760790676.3917 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-27T13:01:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-27T13:01:29Z", "ms": -907757910676.3917 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-28T12:13:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-28T12:13:11Z", "ms": -907674408893.3359 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-28T13:01:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-28T13:01:11Z", "ms": -907671528893.3359 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 20:14 on Thu 27 Mar to 22:39 on Fri 28 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-27T20:13:42Z → 1941-03-28T22:38:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 27th, 12:13–13:01 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25933 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Bamako, 1941: Friday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1941 falls on Friday 28 March. Pratipadā runs from 20:14 on Thu 27 Mar to 22:39 on Fri 28 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30104, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1941-03-30T01:13:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-30T01:13:24Z", "ms": -907541195818.5499 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-31T03:50:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-31T03:50:33Z", "ms": -907445367402.0247 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-30T01:13:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-30T01:13:24Z", "ms": -907541195818.5499 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-31T03:50:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-31T03:50:33Z", "ms": -907445367402.0247 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-30T12:12:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-30T12:12:35Z", "ms": -907501645235.0759 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-30T13:00:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-30T13:00:35Z", "ms": -907498765235.0759 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-31T12:12:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-31T12:12:17Z", "ms": -907415263326.4626 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-31T13:00:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-31T13:00:17Z", "ms": -907412383326.4626 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 01:13 on Sun 30 Mar to 03:51 on Mon 31 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-30T01:13:24Z → 1941-03-31T03:50:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 30th, 12:12–13:00 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30104 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1941 falls on Sunday 30 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 01:13 on Sun 30 Mar to 03:51 on Mon 31 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30104, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1941-03-30T01:13:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-30T01:13:24Z", "ms": -907541195818.5499 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-31T03:50:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-31T03:50:33Z", "ms": -907445367402.0247 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-30T01:13:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-30T01:13:24Z", "ms": -907541195818.5499 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-31T03:50:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-31T03:50:33Z", "ms": -907445367402.0247 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-30T12:12:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-30T12:12:35Z", "ms": -907501645235.0759 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-30T13:00:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-30T13:00:35Z", "ms": -907498765235.0759 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-31T12:12:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-31T12:12:17Z", "ms": -907415263326.4626 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-31T13:00:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-31T13:00:17Z", "ms": -907412383326.4626 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 01:13 on Sun 30 Mar to 03:51 on Mon 31 Mar.", "fact": "1941-03-30T01:13:24Z → 1941-03-31T03:50:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 30th, 12:12–13:00 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30104 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1941 falls on Sunday 30 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 01:13 on Sun 30 Mar to 03:51 on Mon 31 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-03-31", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20999, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-03-31T03:50:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-31T03:50:33Z", "ms": -907445367402.0247 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-01T06:22:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-01T06:22:00Z", "ms": -907349880277.8888 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-03-31T03:50:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-31T03:50:33Z", "ms": -907445367402.0247 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-01T06:22:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-01T06:22:00Z", "ms": -907349880277.8888 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-03-31T12:12:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-31T12:12:17Z", "ms": -907415263326.4626 }, "end": { "local": "1941-03-31T13:00:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-03-31T13:00:17Z", "ms": -907412383326.4626 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-01T12:11:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-01T12:11:59Z", "ms": -907328881342.4768 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-01T12:59:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-01T12:59:59Z", "ms": -907326001342.4768 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:51 on Mon 31 Mar to 06:22 on Tue 1 Apr.", "fact": "1941-03-31T03:50:33Z → 1941-04-01T06:22:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 31st, 12:12–13:00 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20999 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1941 falls on Monday 31 March. Caturthī runs from 03:51 on Mon 31 Mar to 06:22 on Tue 1 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-03-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12795, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-01T06:22:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-01T06:22:00Z", "ms": -907349880277.8888 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-02T08:38:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-02T08:38:26Z", "ms": -907255294335.487 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-01T06:22:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-01T06:22:00Z", "ms": -907349880277.8888 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-02T08:38:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-02T08:38:26Z", "ms": -907255294335.487 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-01T12:11:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-01T12:11:59Z", "ms": -907328881342.4768 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-01T12:59:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-01T12:59:59Z", "ms": -907326001342.4768 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-02T12:11:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-02T12:11:41Z", "ms": -907242499266.2026 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-02T12:59:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-02T12:59:41Z", "ms": -907239619266.2026 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 06:22 on Tue 1 Apr to 08:38 on Wed 2 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-01T06:22:00Z → 1941-04-02T08:38:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 1st, 12:12–13:00 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12795 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1941 falls on Tuesday 1 April. Pañcamī runs from 06:22 on Tue 1 Apr to 08:38 on Wed 2 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-05", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 307, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-05T12:24:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-05T12:24:39Z", "ms": -906982520678.8453 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-06T12:15:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-06T12:15:37Z", "ms": -906896662910.1144 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-05T12:24:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-05T12:24:39Z", "ms": -906982520678.8453 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-06T12:15:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-06T12:15:37Z", "ms": -906896662910.1144 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-05T12:10:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-05T12:10:48Z", "ms": -906983352312.043 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-05T12:58:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-05T12:58:48Z", "ms": -906980472312.043 } }, "covered_min": 34, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-06T12:10:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-06T12:10:30Z", "ms": -906896969693.7467 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-06T12:58:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-06T12:58:30Z", "ms": -906894089693.7467 } }, "covered_min": 5, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 12:25 on Sat 5 Apr to 12:16 on Sun 6 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-05T12:24:39Z → 1941-04-06T12:15:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 5th, 12:11–12:59 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 34 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 5 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 307 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-05", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-05", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rāma Navamī 1941 falls on Saturday 5 April. Navamī runs from 12:25 on Sat 5 Apr to 12:16 on Sun 6 Apr and covers 34 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 5 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 832, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-04T11:47:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-04T11:47:57Z", "ms": -907071122877.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-05T12:24:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-05T12:24:39Z", "ms": -906982520678.8453 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-04T11:47:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-04T11:47:57Z", "ms": -907071122877.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-05T12:24:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-05T12:24:39Z", "ms": -906982520678.8453 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-04T12:11:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-04T12:11:05Z", "ms": -907069734768.3623 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-04T12:59:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-04T12:59:05Z", "ms": -907066854768.3623 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-05T12:10:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-05T12:10:48Z", "ms": -906983352312.043 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-05T12:58:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-05T12:58:48Z", "ms": -906980472312.043 } }, "covered_min": 14, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:48 on Fri 4 Apr to 12:25 on Sat 5 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-04T11:47:57Z → 1941-04-05T12:24:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 4th, 12:11–12:59 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 14 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 832 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bhavānī Utpatti 1941 falls on Saturday 5 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:48 on Fri 4 Apr to 12:25 on Sat 5 Apr and covers 14 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-04-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11605, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-07T11:19:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-07T11:19:25Z", "ms": -906813635495.5315 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-08T09:37:44+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-08T09:37:44Z", "ms": -906733335601.6934 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-07T11:19:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-07T11:19:25Z", "ms": -906813635495.5315 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-08T09:37:44+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-08T09:37:44Z", "ms": -906733335601.6934 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-07T06:24:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-07T06:24:57Z", "ms": -906831302591.5173 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-07T06:24:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-07T06:24:57Z", "ms": -906831302591.5173 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-08T06:24:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-08T06:24:20Z", "ms": -906744940245.3752 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-08T06:24:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-08T06:24:20Z", "ms": -906744940245.3752 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:19 on Mon 7 Apr to 09:38 on Tue 8 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-07T11:19:25Z → 1941-04-08T09:37:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:25 on the 7th and 06:24 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11605 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Tuesday 8 April. Ekādaśī runs from 11:19 on Mon 7 Apr to 09:38 on Tue 8 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-04-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17674, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-09T07:15:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-09T07:15:05Z", "ms": -906655495178.4967 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-10T04:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-10T04:18:05Z", "ms": -906579715492.4673 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-09T07:15:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-09T07:15:05Z", "ms": -906655495178.4967 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-10T04:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-10T04:18:05Z", "ms": -906579715492.4673 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-09T12:09:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-09T12:09:39Z", "ms": -906637820679.3591 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-09T12:57:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-09T12:57:39Z", "ms": -906634940679.3591 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-10T12:09:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-10T12:09:23Z", "ms": -906551437221.4839 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-10T12:57:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-10T12:57:23Z", "ms": -906548557221.4839 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:15 on Wed 9 Apr to 04:18 on Thu 10 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-09T07:15:05Z → 1941-04-10T04:18:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 9th, 12:09–12:57 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17674 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1941 falls on Wednesday 9 April. Trayodaśī runs from 07:15 on Wed 9 Apr to 04:18 on Thu 10 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-04-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28872, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-09T07:15:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-09T07:15:05Z", "ms": -906655495178.4967 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-10T04:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-10T04:18:05Z", "ms": -906579715492.4673 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-09T07:15:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-09T07:15:05Z", "ms": -906655495178.4967 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-10T04:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-10T04:18:05Z", "ms": -906579715492.4673 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-08T18:43:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-08T18:43:32Z", "ms": -906700587548.4902 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-08T20:16:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-08T20:16:54Z", "ms": -906694986224.141 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-09T18:43:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-09T18:43:36Z", "ms": -906614183742.8478 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-09T20:16:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-09T20:16:52Z", "ms": -906608587867.6122 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:15 on Wed 9 Apr to 04:18 on Thu 10 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-09T07:15:05Z → 1941-04-10T04:18:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:17 on the 8th, 18:44–20:17 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 93 minutes on the 8th and 93 of 93 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28872 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Wednesday 9 April. Trayodaśī runs from 07:15 on Wed 9 Apr to 04:18 on Thu 10 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-04-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28278, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-10T04:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-10T04:18:05Z", "ms": -906579715492.4673 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-11T00:54:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-11T00:54:57Z", "ms": -906505502950.4789 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-10T04:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-10T04:18:05Z", "ms": -906579715492.4673 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-11T00:54:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-11T00:54:57Z", "ms": -906505502950.4789 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-10T12:09:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-10T12:09:23Z", "ms": -906551437221.4839 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-10T12:57:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-10T12:57:23Z", "ms": -906548557221.4839 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-11T12:09:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-11T12:09:06Z", "ms": -906465053501.6521 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-11T12:57:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-11T12:57:06Z", "ms": -906462173501.6521 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:18 on Thu 10 Apr to 00:55 on Fri 11 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-10T04:18:05Z → 1941-04-11T00:54:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 10th, 12:09–12:57 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28278 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1941 falls on Thursday 10 April. Caturdaśī runs from 04:18 on Thu 10 Apr to 00:55 on Fri 11 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29873, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-04-11T00:54:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-11T00:54:57Z", "ms": -906505502950.4789 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-11T21:14:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-11T21:14:59Z", "ms": -906432300637.9576 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-11T00:54:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-11T00:54:57Z", "ms": -906505502950.4789 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-11T21:14:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-11T21:14:59Z", "ms": -906432300637.9576 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-10T12:09:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-10T12:09:23Z", "ms": -906551437221.4839 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-10T12:57:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-10T12:57:23Z", "ms": -906548557221.4839 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-11T12:09:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-11T12:09:06Z", "ms": -906465053501.6521 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-11T12:57:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-11T12:57:06Z", "ms": -906462173501.6521 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:55 on Fri 11 Apr to 21:15 on Fri 11 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-11T00:54:57Z → 1941-04-11T21:14:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 10th, 12:09–12:57 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29873 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1941: Friday 11 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1941 falls on Friday 11 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:55 on Fri 11 Apr to 21:15 on Fri 11 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9155, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1941-04-13T08:53:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-13T08:53:51Z", "ms": -906303968619.5182 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-14T05:52:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-14T05:52:09Z", "ms": -903636471013.92 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1941-04-13T08:53:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-13T08:53:51Z", "ms": -906303968619.5182 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-13T08:53:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-13T08:53:51Z", "ms": -906303968619.5182 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-12T06:21:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-12T06:21:52Z", "ms": -906399487779.3552 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-13T06:21:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-13T06:21:16Z", "ms": -906313123765.8835 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-13T06:21:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-13T06:21:16Z", "ms": -906313123765.8835 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-14T06:20:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-14T06:20:41Z", "ms": -906226759342.4596 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 08:54 on Sun 13 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-13T08:53:51Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:22 on the 12th, and from 06:21 on the 13th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 9155 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1941-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1941-04-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vaiśākhī 1941 falls on Sunday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 08:54 on Sun 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-04-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33794, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-14T10:14:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-14T10:14:08Z", "ms": -906212751903.9098 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-15T07:06:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-15T07:06:48Z", "ms": -906137592005.1533 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-14T10:14:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-14T10:14:08Z", "ms": -906212751903.9098 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-15T07:06:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-15T07:06:48Z", "ms": -906137592005.1533 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-13T20:41:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-13T20:41:34Z", "ms": -906261505525.788 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-13T20:41:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-13T20:41:34Z", "ms": -906261505525.788 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-14T21:43:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-14T21:43:34Z", "ms": -906171386168.2749 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-14T21:43:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-14T21:43:34Z", "ms": -906171386168.2749 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:14 on Mon 14 Apr to 07:07 on Tue 15 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-14T10:14:08Z → 1941-04-15T07:06:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:42 on the 13th and 21:44 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33794 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 14 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1941 falls on Monday 14 April. Caturthī runs from 10:14 on Mon 14 Apr to 07:07 on Tue 15 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-04-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-04-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8699, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-21T02:15:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-21T02:15:14Z", "ms": -905636686316.2173 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-22T03:51:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-22T03:51:14Z", "ms": -905544525933.1418 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-21T02:15:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-21T02:15:14Z", "ms": -905636686316.2173 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-22T03:51:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-22T03:51:14Z", "ms": -905544525933.1418 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-21T06:16:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-21T06:16:45Z", "ms": -905622194993.095 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-21T06:16:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-21T06:16:45Z", "ms": -905622194993.095 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-22T06:16:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-22T06:16:13Z", "ms": -905535826509.946 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-22T06:16:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-22T06:16:13Z", "ms": -905535826509.946 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:15 on Mon 21 Apr to 03:51 on Tue 22 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-21T02:15:14Z → 1941-04-22T03:51:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:17 on the 21st and 06:16 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8699 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Monday 21 April. Ekādaśī runs from 02:15 on Mon 21 Apr to 03:51 on Tue 22 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-04-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-04-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34648, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-23T05:54:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-23T05:54:22Z", "ms": -905450737530.9025 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-24T08:16:04+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-24T08:16:04Z", "ms": -905355836233.6313 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-23T05:54:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-23T05:54:22Z", "ms": -905450737530.9025 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-24T08:16:04+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-24T08:16:04Z", "ms": -905355836233.6313 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-22T18:44:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-22T18:44:47Z", "ms": -905490912632.8499 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-22T20:16:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-22T20:16:55Z", "ms": -905485385273.6603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-23T18:44:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-23T18:44:55Z", "ms": -905404505073.9984 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-23T20:16:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-23T20:16:57Z", "ms": -905398982766.1425 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:54 on Wed 23 Apr to 08:16 on Thu 24 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-23T05:54:22Z → 1941-04-24T08:16:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:17 on the 22nd, 18:45–20:17 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 22nd and 92 of 92 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34648 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Wednesday 23 April. Trayodaśī runs from 05:54 on Wed 23 Apr to 08:16 on Thu 24 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-04-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-04-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26520, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-24T08:16:04+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-24T08:16:04Z", "ms": -905355836233.6313 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-25T10:48:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-25T10:48:08Z", "ms": -905260311743.5883 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-24T08:16:04+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-24T08:16:04Z", "ms": -905355836233.6313 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-25T10:48:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-25T10:48:08Z", "ms": -905260311743.5883 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-24T00:06:04+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-24T00:06:04Z", "ms": -905385236419.5386 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-24T00:54:04+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-24T00:54:04Z", "ms": -905382356419.5386 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-25T00:05:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-25T00:05:53Z", "ms": -905298847328.1442 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-25T00:53:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-25T00:53:53Z", "ms": -905295967328.1442 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:16 on Thu 24 Apr to 10:48 on Fri 25 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-24T08:16:04Z → 1941-04-25T10:48:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:06–00:54 on the 23rd, 00:06–00:54 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26520 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 24 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1941 falls on Thursday 24 April. Caturdaśī runs from 08:16 on Thu 24 Apr to 10:48 on Fri 25 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-04-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28505, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1941-04-28T18:19:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-28T18:19:09Z", "ms": -904974051176.078 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-29T20:28:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-29T20:28:46Z", "ms": -904879874353.5289 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-28T18:19:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-28T18:19:09Z", "ms": -904974051176.078 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-29T20:28:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-29T20:28:46Z", "ms": -904879874353.5289 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-28T06:13:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-28T06:13:17Z", "ms": -905017602763.9014 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-28T10:24:04+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-28T10:24:04Z", "ms": -905002555923.2439 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 251, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-29T06:12:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-29T06:12:50Z", "ms": -904931229872.4606 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-29T10:23:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-29T10:23:49Z", "ms": -904916170801.3712 } }, "covered_min": 251, "window_min": 251, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:19 on Mon 28 Apr to 20:29 on Tue 29 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-28T18:19:09Z → 1941-04-29T20:28:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:13–10:24 on the 28th, 06:13–10:24 on the 29th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 251 minutes on the 28th and 251 of 251 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28505 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1941 falls on Tuesday 29 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:19 on Mon 28 Apr to 20:29 on Tue 29 Apr and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 685, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1941-04-28T18:19:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-28T18:19:09Z", "ms": -904974051176.078 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-29T20:28:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-29T20:28:46Z", "ms": -904879874353.5289 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-28T18:19:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-28T18:19:09Z", "ms": -904974051176.078 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-29T20:28:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-29T20:28:46Z", "ms": -904879874353.5289 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-28T18:45:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-28T18:45:38Z", "ms": -904972462241.929 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-28T20:17:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-28T20:17:15Z", "ms": -904966964592.6665 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-29T18:45:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-29T18:45:47Z", "ms": -904886052659.1926 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-29T20:17:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-29T20:17:20Z", "ms": -904880559811.3322 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:19 on Mon 28 Apr to 20:29 on Tue 29 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-28T18:19:09Z → 1941-04-29T20:28:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:46–20:17 on the 28th, 18:46–20:17 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 28th and 92 of 92 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 685 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1941 falls on Tuesday 29 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:19 on Mon 28 Apr to 20:29 on Tue 29 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 92 minutes; by the rule the second evening is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-04-30", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-04-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27327, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-29T20:28:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-29T20:28:46Z", "ms": -904879874353.5289 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-30T22:18:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-30T22:18:53Z", "ms": -904786866955.3619 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-29T20:28:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-29T20:28:46Z", "ms": -904879874353.5289 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-30T22:18:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-30T22:18:53Z", "ms": -904786866955.3619 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-29T12:05:19+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-29T12:05:19Z", "ms": -904910081265.8267 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-29T12:53:19+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-29T12:53:19Z", "ms": -904907201265.8267 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-30T12:05:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-30T12:05:10Z", "ms": -904823689519.072 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-30T12:53:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-30T12:53:10Z", "ms": -904820809519.072 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:29 on Tue 29 Apr to 22:19 on Wed 30 Apr.", "fact": "1941-04-29T20:28:46Z → 1941-04-30T22:18:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 29th, 12:05–12:53 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27327 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 30 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1941 falls on Wednesday 30 April. Caturthī runs from 20:29 on Tue 29 Apr to 22:19 on Wed 30 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-04-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33943, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1941-04-30T22:18:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-30T22:18:53Z", "ms": -904786866955.3619 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-01T23:43:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-01T23:43:43Z", "ms": -904695377329.0039 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-04-30T22:18:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-30T22:18:53Z", "ms": -904786866955.3619 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-01T23:43:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-01T23:43:43Z", "ms": -904695377329.0039 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-04-30T12:05:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-30T12:05:10Z", "ms": -904823689519.072 }, "end": { "local": "1941-04-30T12:53:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-04-30T12:53:10Z", "ms": -904820809519.072 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-01T12:05:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-01T12:05:03Z", "ms": -904737297257.4912 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-01T12:53:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-01T12:53:03Z", "ms": -904734417257.4912 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 22:19 on Wed 30 Apr to 23:44 on Thu 1 May.", "fact": "1941-04-30T22:18:53Z → 1941-05-01T23:43:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 30th, 12:05–12:53 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33943 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1941 falls on Thursday 1 May. Pañcamī runs from 22:19 on Wed 30 Apr to 23:44 on Thu 1 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40196, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-03T00:37:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-03T00:37:25Z", "ms": -904605754620.0669 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-04T00:54:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-04T00:54:46Z", "ms": -904518313557.2504 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-03T00:37:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-03T00:37:25Z", "ms": -904605754620.0669 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-04T00:54:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-04T00:54:46Z", "ms": -904518313557.2504 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-03T12:04:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-03T12:04:49Z", "ms": -904564511170.7954 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-03T12:52:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-03T12:52:49Z", "ms": -904561631170.7954 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-04T12:04:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-04T12:04:43Z", "ms": -904478117336.6565 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-04T12:52:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-04T12:52:43Z", "ms": -904475237336.6565 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 00:37 on Sat 3 May to 00:55 on Sun 4 May.", "fact": "1941-05-03T00:37:25Z → 1941-05-04T00:54:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 3rd, 12:05–12:53 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 40196 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 3 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1941 falls on Saturday 3 May. Saptamī runs from 00:37 on Sat 3 May to 00:55 on Sun 4 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-05-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30597, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-06T21:39:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-06T21:39:42Z", "ms": -904270817792.353 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-07T19:13:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-07T19:13:56Z", "ms": -904193163516.3378 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-06T21:39:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-06T21:39:42Z", "ms": -904270817792.353 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-07T19:13:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-07T19:13:56Z", "ms": -904193163516.3378 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-07T06:09:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-07T06:09:39Z", "ms": -904240221282.9431 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-07T06:09:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-07T06:09:39Z", "ms": -904240221282.9431 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-08T06:09:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T06:09:18Z", "ms": -904153841857.4689 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-08T06:09:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T06:09:18Z", "ms": -904153841857.4689 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:40 on Tue 6 May to 19:14 on Wed 7 May.", "fact": "1941-05-06T21:39:42Z → 1941-05-07T19:13:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:10 on the 7th and 06:09 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30597 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Wednesday 7 May. Ekādaśī runs from 21:40 on Tue 6 May to 19:14 on Wed 7 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-05-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-07T19:13:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-07T19:13:56Z", "ms": -904193163516.3378 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-08T16:14:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T16:14:39Z", "ms": -904117520716.4261 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-07T19:13:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-07T19:13:56Z", "ms": -904193163516.3378 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-08T16:14:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T16:14:39Z", "ms": -904117520716.4261 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-07T12:04:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-07T12:04:27Z", "ms": -904218932616.3024 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-07T12:52:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-07T12:52:27Z", "ms": -904216052616.3024 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-08T12:04:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T12:04:23Z", "ms": -904132536619.7622 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-08T12:52:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T12:52:23Z", "ms": -904129656619.7622 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 19:14 on Wed 7 May to 16:15 on Thu 8 May.", "fact": "1941-05-07T19:13:56Z → 1941-05-08T16:14:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 7th, 12:04–12:52 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12136 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1941 falls on Thursday 8 May. Dvādaśī runs from 19:14 on Wed 7 May to 16:15 on Thu 8 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-07T19:13:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-07T19:13:56Z", "ms": -904193163516.3378 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-08T16:14:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T16:14:39Z", "ms": -904117520716.4261 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-07T19:13:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-07T19:13:56Z", "ms": -904193163516.3378 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-08T16:14:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T16:14:39Z", "ms": -904117520716.4261 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-07T12:04:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-07T12:04:27Z", "ms": -904218932616.3024 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-07T12:52:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-07T12:52:27Z", "ms": -904216052616.3024 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-08T12:04:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T12:04:23Z", "ms": -904132536619.7622 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-08T12:52:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T12:52:23Z", "ms": -904129656619.7622 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 19:14 on Wed 7 May to 16:15 on Thu 8 May.", "fact": "1941-05-07T19:13:56Z → 1941-05-08T16:14:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 7th, 12:04–12:52 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12136 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1941 falls on Thursday 8 May. Dvādaśī runs from 19:14 on Wed 7 May to 16:15 on Thu 8 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-05-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9169, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-08T16:14:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T16:14:39Z", "ms": -904117520716.4261 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-09T12:49:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-09T12:49:05Z", "ms": -904043454749.2385 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-08T16:14:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T16:14:39Z", "ms": -904117520716.4261 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-09T12:49:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-09T12:49:05Z", "ms": -904043454749.2385 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-08T18:47:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T18:47:29Z", "ms": -904108351382.0555 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-08T20:18:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-08T20:18:21Z", "ms": -904102899417.4398 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-09T18:47:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-09T18:47:42Z", "ms": -904021938489.4331 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-09T20:18:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-09T20:18:29Z", "ms": -904016490776.1505 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:15 on Thu 8 May to 12:49 on Fri 9 May.", "fact": "1941-05-08T16:14:39Z → 1941-05-09T12:49:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:47–20:18 on the 8th, 18:48–20:18 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 91 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9169 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Thursday 8 May. Trayodaśī runs from 16:15 on Thu 8 May to 12:49 on Fri 9 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-05-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21516, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-09T12:49:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-09T12:49:05Z", "ms": -904043454749.2385 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-10T09:06:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-10T09:06:01Z", "ms": -903970439137.8652 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-09T12:49:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-09T12:49:05Z", "ms": -904043454749.2385 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-10T09:06:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-10T09:06:01Z", "ms": -903970439137.8652 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-09T18:47:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-09T18:47:42Z", "ms": -904021938489.4331 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-09T20:18:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-09T20:18:29Z", "ms": -904016490776.1505 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-10T18:47:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-10T18:47:55Z", "ms": -903935525271.5784 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-10T20:18:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-10T20:18:38Z", "ms": -903930081744.8943 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:49 on Fri 9 May to 09:06 on Sat 10 May.", "fact": "1941-05-09T12:49:05Z → 1941-05-10T09:06:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:48–20:18 on the 9th, 18:48–20:19 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 91 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21516 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1941: Friday 9 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1941 falls on Friday 9 May. Caturdaśī runs from 12:49 on Fri 9 May to 09:06 on Sat 10 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10696, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-05-10T09:06:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-10T09:06:01Z", "ms": -903970439137.8652 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-11T05:15:19+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-11T05:15:19Z", "ms": -903897881136.0143 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-10T09:06:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-10T09:06:01Z", "ms": -903970439137.8652 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-11T05:15:19+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-11T05:15:19Z", "ms": -903897881136.0143 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-10T12:04:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-10T12:04:17Z", "ms": -903959742955.696 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-10T12:52:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-10T12:52:17Z", "ms": -903956862955.696 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-11T12:04:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-11T12:04:15Z", "ms": -903873345274.9219 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-11T12:52:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-11T12:52:15Z", "ms": -903870465274.9219 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:06 on Sat 10 May to 05:15 on Sun 11 May.", "fact": "1941-05-10T09:06:01Z → 1941-05-11T05:15:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 10th, 12:04–12:52 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10696 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 10 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1941 falls on Saturday 10 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:06 on Sat 10 May to 05:15 on Sun 11 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10696, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-05-10T09:06:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-10T09:06:01Z", "ms": -903970439137.8652 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-11T05:15:19+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-11T05:15:19Z", "ms": -903897881136.0143 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-10T09:06:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-10T09:06:01Z", "ms": -903970439137.8652 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-11T05:15:19+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-11T05:15:19Z", "ms": -903897881136.0143 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-10T12:04:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-10T12:04:17Z", "ms": -903959742955.696 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-10T12:52:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-10T12:52:17Z", "ms": -903956862955.696 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-11T12:04:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-11T12:04:15Z", "ms": -903873345274.9219 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-11T12:52:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-11T12:52:15Z", "ms": -903870465274.9219 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:06 on Sat 10 May to 05:15 on Sun 11 May.", "fact": "1941-05-10T09:06:01Z → 1941-05-11T05:15:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 10th, 12:04–12:52 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10696 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 10 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1941 falls on Saturday 10 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:06 on Sat 10 May to 05:15 on Sun 11 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-05-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9766, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-13T18:44:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-13T18:44:16Z", "ms": -903676543654.2325 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-14T16:09:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-14T16:09:24Z", "ms": -903599436104.1705 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-13T18:44:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-13T18:44:16Z", "ms": -903676543654.2325 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-14T16:09:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-14T16:09:24Z", "ms": -903599436104.1705 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-13T21:27:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-13T21:27:02Z", "ms": -903666778056.1012 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-13T21:27:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-13T21:27:02Z", "ms": -903666778056.1012 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-14T22:24:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-14T22:24:34Z", "ms": -903576926061.998 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-14T22:24:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-14T22:24:34Z", "ms": -903576926061.998 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:44 on Tue 13 May to 16:09 on Wed 14 May.", "fact": "1941-05-13T18:44:16Z → 1941-05-14T16:09:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:27 on the 13th and 22:25 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9766 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 13 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1941 falls on Tuesday 13 May. Caturthī runs from 18:44 on Tue 13 May to 16:09 on Wed 14 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-05-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-05-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38249, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-20T17:05:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-20T17:05:41Z", "ms": -903077658892.3323 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-21T19:28:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-21T19:28:28Z", "ms": -902982691805.4501 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-20T17:05:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-20T17:05:41Z", "ms": -903077658892.3323 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-21T19:28:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-21T19:28:28Z", "ms": -902982691805.4501 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-21T06:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-21T06:06:06Z", "ms": -903030833867.7172 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-21T06:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-21T06:06:06Z", "ms": -903030833867.7172 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-22T06:05:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-22T06:05:57Z", "ms": -902944442589.679 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-22T06:05:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-22T06:05:57Z", "ms": -902944442589.679 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:06 on Tue 20 May to 19:28 on Wed 21 May.", "fact": "1941-05-20T17:05:41Z → 1941-05-21T19:28:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:06 on the 21st and 06:06 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38249 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aparā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Wednesday 21 May. Ekādaśī runs from 17:06 on Tue 20 May to 19:28 on Wed 21 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-05-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-05-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6112, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-22T22:02:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-22T22:02:48Z", "ms": -902887031808.3037 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-24T00:37:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-24T00:37:50Z", "ms": -902791329842.4878 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-22T22:02:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-22T22:02:48Z", "ms": -902887031808.3037 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-24T00:37:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-24T00:37:50Z", "ms": -902791329842.4878 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-22T18:50:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-22T18:50:57Z", "ms": -902898542696.7885 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-22T20:20:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-22T20:20:56Z", "ms": -902893143729.6254 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-23T18:51:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-23T18:51:14Z", "ms": -902812125791.1161 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-23T20:21:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-23T20:21:10Z", "ms": -902806730009.97 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:03 on Thu 22 May to 00:38 on Sat 24 May.", "fact": "1941-05-22T22:02:48Z → 1941-05-24T00:37:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:51–20:21 on the 22nd, 18:51–20:21 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 90 minutes on the 22nd and 90 of 90 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6112 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Friday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Friday 23 May. Trayodaśī runs from 22:03 on Thu 22 May to 00:38 on Sat 24 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-05-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-05-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 878, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-24T00:37:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-24T00:37:50Z", "ms": -902791329842.4878 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-25T03:05:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-25T03:05:01Z", "ms": -902696098868.1456 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-24T00:37:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-24T00:37:50Z", "ms": -902791329842.4878 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-25T03:05:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-25T03:05:01Z", "ms": -902696098868.1456 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-24T00:04:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-24T00:04:28Z", "ms": -902793331611.8181 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-24T00:52:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-24T00:52:28Z", "ms": -902790451611.8181 } }, "covered_min": 15, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-25T00:04:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-25T00:04:34Z", "ms": -902706926131.0735 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-25T00:52:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-25T00:52:34Z", "ms": -902704046131.0735 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:38 on Sat 24 May to 03:05 on Sun 25 May.", "fact": "1941-05-24T00:37:50Z → 1941-05-25T03:05:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:04–00:52 on the 23rd, 00:05–00:53 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 15 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 878 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 24 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1941 falls on Saturday 24 May. Caturdaśī runs from 00:38 on Sat 24 May to 03:05 on Sun 25 May and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the previous night for 15 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-05-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7339, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1941-05-28T08:49:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-28T08:49:29Z", "ms": -902416230598.0415 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-29T10:02:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-29T10:02:51Z", "ms": -902325429014.3811 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-28T08:49:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-28T08:49:29Z", "ms": -902416230598.0415 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-29T10:02:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-29T10:02:51Z", "ms": -902325429014.3811 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-28T12:05:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-28T12:05:02Z", "ms": -902404497878.0735 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-28T12:53:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-28T12:53:02Z", "ms": -902401617878.0735 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-29T12:05:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-29T12:05:10Z", "ms": -902318090413.2618 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-29T12:53:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-29T12:53:10Z", "ms": -902315210413.2618 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:49 on Wed 28 May to 10:03 on Thu 29 May.", "fact": "1941-05-28T08:49:29Z → 1941-05-29T10:02:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 28th, 12:05–12:53 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 7339 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1941 falls on Wednesday 28 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:49 on Wed 28 May to 10:03 on Thu 29 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-05-29", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4396, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-29T10:02:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-29T10:02:51Z", "ms": -902325429014.3811 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-30T10:52:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-30T10:52:01Z", "ms": -902236078963.7865 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-29T10:02:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-29T10:02:51Z", "ms": -902325429014.3811 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-30T10:52:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-30T10:52:01Z", "ms": -902236078963.7865 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-29T12:05:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-29T12:05:10Z", "ms": -902318090413.2618 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-29T12:53:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-29T12:53:10Z", "ms": -902315210413.2618 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-30T12:05:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-30T12:05:17Z", "ms": -902231682514.8475 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-30T12:53:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-30T12:53:17Z", "ms": -902228802514.8475 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:03 on Thu 29 May to 10:52 on Fri 30 May.", "fact": "1941-05-29T10:02:51Z → 1941-05-30T10:52:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 29th, 12:05–12:53 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4396 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1941 falls on Thursday 29 May. Caturthī runs from 10:03 on Thu 29 May to 10:52 on Fri 30 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-05-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3056, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-31T11:14:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-31T11:14:30Z", "ms": -902148329859.0657 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-01T11:07:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-01T11:07:30Z", "ms": -902062349782.5316 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-31T11:14:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-31T11:14:30Z", "ms": -902148329859.0657 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-01T11:07:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-01T11:07:30Z", "ms": -902062349782.5316 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-31T12:05:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-31T12:05:26Z", "ms": -902145274200.5858 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-31T12:53:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-31T12:53:26Z", "ms": -902142394200.5858 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-01T12:05:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-01T12:05:35Z", "ms": -902058865488.5046 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-01T12:53:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-01T12:53:35Z", "ms": -902055985488.5046 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:15 on Sat 31 May to 11:08 on Sun 1 Jun.", "fact": "1941-05-31T11:14:30Z → 1941-06-01T11:07:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 31st, 12:06–12:54 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3056 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 31 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-31", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1941 falls on Saturday 31 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:15 on Sat 31 May to 11:08 on Sun 1 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-05-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3056, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1941-05-31T11:14:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-31T11:14:30Z", "ms": -902148329859.0657 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-01T11:07:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-01T11:07:30Z", "ms": -902062349782.5316 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-05-31T11:14:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-31T11:14:30Z", "ms": -902148329859.0657 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-01T11:07:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-01T11:07:30Z", "ms": -902062349782.5316 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-05-31T12:05:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-31T12:05:26Z", "ms": -902145274200.5858 }, "end": { "local": "1941-05-31T12:53:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-05-31T12:53:26Z", "ms": -902142394200.5858 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-01T12:05:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-01T12:05:35Z", "ms": -902058865488.5046 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-01T12:53:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-01T12:53:35Z", "ms": -902055985488.5046 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:15 on Sat 31 May to 11:08 on Sun 1 Jun.", "fact": "1941-05-31T11:14:30Z → 1941-06-01T11:07:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 31st, 12:06–12:54 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3056 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Bamako, 1941: Saturday 31 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-05-31", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1941 falls on Saturday 31 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:15 on Sat 31 May to 11:08 on Sun 1 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-06-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3460, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-06-05T05:07:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-05T05:07:43Z", "ms": -901738336809.1569 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-06T02:18:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T02:18:37Z", "ms": -901662083044.4507 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-06-05T05:07:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-05T05:07:43Z", "ms": -901738336809.1569 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-06T02:18:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T02:18:37Z", "ms": -901662083044.4507 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-05T06:05:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-05T06:05:23Z", "ms": -901734877015.0176 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-05T06:05:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-05T06:05:23Z", "ms": -901734877015.0176 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-06T06:05:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T06:05:26Z", "ms": -901648473623.1044 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-06T06:05:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T06:05:26Z", "ms": -901648473623.1044 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:08 on Thu 5 Jun to 02:19 on Fri 6 Jun.", "fact": "1941-06-05T05:07:43Z → 1941-06-06T02:18:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:05 on the 5th and 06:05 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3460 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Thursday 5 June. Ekādaśī runs from 05:08 on Thu 5 Jun to 02:19 on Fri 6 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-06-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35266, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-06-06T02:18:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T02:18:37Z", "ms": -901662083044.4507 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-06T23:06:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T23:06:23Z", "ms": -901587217456.4493 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-06-06T02:18:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T02:18:37Z", "ms": -901662083044.4507 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-06T23:06:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T23:06:23Z", "ms": -901587217456.4493 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-06T12:06:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T12:06:23Z", "ms": -901626816584.5415 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-06T12:54:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T12:54:23Z", "ms": -901623936584.5415 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-07T12:06:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-07T12:06:34Z", "ms": -901540405853.217 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-07T12:54:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-07T12:54:34Z", "ms": -901537525853.217 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 02:19 on Fri 6 Jun to 23:06 on Fri 6 Jun.", "fact": "1941-06-06T02:18:37Z → 1941-06-06T23:06:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 6th, 12:07–12:55 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35266 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Friday 6 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1941 falls on Friday 6 June. Dvādaśī runs from 02:19 on Fri 6 Jun to 23:06 on Fri 6 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-06-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-06-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2581, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-06-06T23:06:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T23:06:23Z", "ms": -901587217456.4493 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-07T19:38:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-07T19:38:38Z", "ms": -901513281567.4065 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-06-06T23:06:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T23:06:23Z", "ms": -901587217456.4493 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-07T19:38:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-07T19:38:38Z", "ms": -901513281567.4065 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-06T18:55:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T18:55:20Z", "ms": -901602279545.9785 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-06T20:24:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-06T20:24:42Z", "ms": -901596918208.25 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-07T18:55:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-07T18:55:38Z", "ms": -901515862193.4197 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-07T20:24:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-07T20:24:57Z", "ms": -901510502527.0619 } }, "covered_min": 43, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:06 on Fri 6 Jun to 19:39 on Sat 7 Jun.", "fact": "1941-06-06T23:06:23Z → 1941-06-07T19:38:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:55–20:25 on the 6th, 18:56–20:25 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 6th and 43 of 89 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2581 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 7 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Saturday 7 June. Trayodaśī runs from 23:06 on Fri 6 Jun to 19:39 on Sat 7 Jun and covers 43 of 89 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-06-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-06-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10286, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-06-08T16:04:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-08T16:04:29Z", "ms": -901439730826.6322 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-09T12:34:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-09T12:34:00Z", "ms": -901365960112.4484 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-06-08T16:04:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-08T16:04:29Z", "ms": -901439730826.6322 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-09T12:34:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-09T12:34:00Z", "ms": -901365960112.4484 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-08T18:55:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-08T18:55:55Z", "ms": -901429444987.3075 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-08T20:25:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-08T20:25:13Z", "ms": -901424086879.9629 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-09T18:56:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-09T18:56:12Z", "ms": -901343027946.402 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-09T20:25:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-09T20:25:29Z", "ms": -901337671284.716 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:04 on Sun 8 Jun to 12:34 on Mon 9 Jun.", "fact": "1941-06-08T16:04:29Z → 1941-06-09T12:34:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:56–20:25 on the 8th, 18:56–20:25 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 89 of 89 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 89 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10286 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 8 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1941 falls on Sunday 8 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:04 on Sun 8 Jun to 12:34 on Mon 9 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-06-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-06-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16780, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-06-12T04:10:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-12T04:10:15Z", "ms": -901136984901.3378 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-13T02:37:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-13T02:37:22Z", "ms": -901056157518.5881 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-06-12T04:10:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-12T04:10:15Z", "ms": -901136984901.3378 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-13T02:37:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-13T02:37:22Z", "ms": -901056157518.5881 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-11T21:05:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-11T21:05:03Z", "ms": -901162496833.5842 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-11T21:05:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-11T21:05:03Z", "ms": -901162496833.5842 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-12T21:57:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-12T21:57:43Z", "ms": -901072937047.7576 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-12T21:57:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-12T21:57:43Z", "ms": -901072937047.7576 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:10 on Thu 12 Jun to 02:37 on Fri 13 Jun.", "fact": "1941-06-12T04:10:15Z → 1941-06-13T02:37:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:05 on the 11th and 21:58 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16780 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 12 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1941 falls on Thursday 12 June. Caturthī runs from 04:10 on Thu 12 Jun to 02:37 on Fri 13 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-06-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-06-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11584, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-06-19T09:20:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-19T09:20:15Z", "ms": -900513584850.3386 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-20T11:52:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-20T11:52:31Z", "ms": -900418049291.8052 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-06-19T09:20:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-19T09:20:15Z", "ms": -900513584850.3386 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-20T11:52:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-20T11:52:31Z", "ms": -900418049291.8052 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-19T06:07:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-19T06:07:11Z", "ms": -900525168822.7852 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-19T06:07:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-19T06:07:11Z", "ms": -900525168822.7852 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-20T06:07:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-20T06:07:23Z", "ms": -900438756671.1511 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-20T06:07:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-20T06:07:23Z", "ms": -900438756671.1511 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:20 on Thu 19 Jun to 11:53 on Fri 20 Jun.", "fact": "1941-06-19T09:20:15Z → 1941-06-20T11:52:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:07 on the 19th and 06:07 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11584 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Friday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Friday 20 June. Ekādaśī runs from 09:20 on Thu 19 Jun to 11:53 on Fri 20 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-06-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-06-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-06-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9454, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-06-21T14:16:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-21T14:16:03Z", "ms": -900323037344.3022 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-22T16:21:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-22T16:21:54Z", "ms": -900229085598.4094 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-06-21T14:16:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-21T14:16:03Z", "ms": -900323037344.3022 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-22T16:21:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-22T16:21:54Z", "ms": -900229085598.4094 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-21T18:59:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-21T18:59:16Z", "ms": -900306044081.9203 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-21T20:28:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-21T20:28:24Z", "ms": -900300695666.6309 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-22T18:59:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-22T18:59:29Z", "ms": -900219631210.3407 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-22T20:28:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-22T20:28:37Z", "ms": -900214282711.3484 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:16 on Sat 21 Jun to 16:22 on Sun 22 Jun.", "fact": "1941-06-21T14:16:03Z → 1941-06-22T16:21:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:59–20:28 on the 21st, 18:59–20:29 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 89 of 89 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 89 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9454 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 21 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Saturday 21 June. Trayodaśī runs from 14:16 on Sat 21 Jun to 16:22 on Sun 22 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-06-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-06-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-06-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21915, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-06-22T16:21:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-22T16:21:54Z", "ms": -900229085598.4094 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-23T18:04:44+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-23T18:04:44Z", "ms": -900136516233.2886 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-06-22T16:21:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-22T16:21:54Z", "ms": -900229085598.4094 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-23T18:04:44+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-23T18:04:44Z", "ms": -900136516233.2886 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-23T00:09:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-23T00:09:46Z", "ms": -900201014339.1194 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-23T00:57:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-23T00:57:46Z", "ms": -900198134339.1194 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-24T00:09:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-24T00:09:59Z", "ms": -900114601204.9102 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-24T00:57:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-24T00:57:59Z", "ms": -900111721204.9102 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:22 on Sun 22 Jun to 18:05 on Mon 23 Jun.", "fact": "1941-06-22T16:21:54Z → 1941-06-23T18:04:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:10–00:58 on the 22nd, 00:10–00:58 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21915 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 22 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1941 falls on Sunday 22 June. Caturdaśī runs from 16:22 on Sun 22 Jun to 18:05 on Mon 23 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-06-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-06-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26162, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1941-06-25T20:14:19+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-25T20:14:19Z", "ms": -899955940717.252 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-26T20:41:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-26T20:41:57Z", "ms": -899867883132.706 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-06-25T20:14:19+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-25T20:14:19Z", "ms": -899955940717.252 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-26T20:41:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-26T20:41:57Z", "ms": -899867883132.706 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-25T12:10:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-25T12:10:18Z", "ms": -899984982499.5647 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-25T12:58:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-25T12:58:18Z", "ms": -899982102499.5647 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-26T12:10:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-26T12:10:30Z", "ms": -899898569838.4141 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-26T12:58:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-26T12:58:30Z", "ms": -899895689838.4141 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 20:14 on Wed 25 Jun to 20:42 on Thu 26 Jun.", "fact": "1941-06-25T20:14:19Z → 1941-06-26T20:41:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 25th, 12:11–12:59 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26162 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 26 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rathayātrā 1941 falls on Thursday 26 June. Dvitīyā runs from 20:14 on Wed 25 Jun to 20:42 on Thu 26 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-06-28", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26948, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-06-27T20:46:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-27T20:46:17Z", "ms": -899781223139.5919 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-28T20:28:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-28T20:28:03Z", "ms": -899695916703.7362 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-06-27T20:46:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-27T20:46:17Z", "ms": -899781223139.5919 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-28T20:28:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-28T20:28:03Z", "ms": -899695916703.7362 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-27T12:10:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-27T12:10:43Z", "ms": -899812157323.8254 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-27T12:58:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-27T12:58:43Z", "ms": -899809277323.8254 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-28T12:10:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-28T12:10:55Z", "ms": -899725744982.8197 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-28T12:58:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-28T12:58:55Z", "ms": -899722864982.8197 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:46 on Fri 27 Jun to 20:28 on Sat 28 Jun.", "fact": "1941-06-27T20:46:17Z → 1941-06-28T20:28:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 27th, 12:11–12:59 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26948 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1941 falls on Saturday 28 June. Caturthī runs from 20:46 on Fri 27 Jun to 20:28 on Sat 28 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-06-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-06-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24493, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1941-06-28T20:28:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-28T20:28:03Z", "ms": -899695916703.7362 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-29T19:47:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-29T19:47:20Z", "ms": -899611959821.7329 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-06-28T20:28:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-28T20:28:03Z", "ms": -899695916703.7362 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-29T19:47:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-29T19:47:20Z", "ms": -899611959821.7329 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-28T12:10:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-28T12:10:55Z", "ms": -899725744982.8197 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-28T12:58:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-28T12:58:55Z", "ms": -899722864982.8197 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-29T12:11:07+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-29T12:11:07Z", "ms": -899639332841.8386 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-29T12:59:07+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-29T12:59:07Z", "ms": -899636452841.8386 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 20:28 on Sat 28 Jun to 19:47 on Sun 29 Jun.", "fact": "1941-06-28T20:28:03Z → 1941-06-29T19:47:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 28th, 12:11–12:59 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24493 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 29 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Skanda Pañcamī 1941 falls on Sunday 29 June. Pañcamī runs from 20:28 on Sat 28 Jun to 19:47 on Sun 29 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15417, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1941-06-30T18:43:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-30T18:43:39Z", "ms": -899529380501.9756 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-01T17:16:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-01T17:16:27Z", "ms": -899448212606.2004 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-06-30T18:43:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-30T18:43:39Z", "ms": -899529380501.9756 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-01T17:16:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-01T17:16:27Z", "ms": -899448212606.2004 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-06-30T12:11:19+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-30T12:11:19Z", "ms": -899552920926.4773 }, "end": { "local": "1941-06-30T12:59:19+00:00", "utc": "1941-06-30T12:59:19Z", "ms": -899550040926.4773 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-01T12:11:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-01T12:11:31Z", "ms": -899466509261.2277 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-01T12:59:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-01T12:59:31Z", "ms": -899463629261.2277 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 18:44 on Mon 30 Jun to 17:16 on Tue 1 Jul.", "fact": "1941-06-30T18:43:39Z → 1941-07-01T17:16:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 30th, 12:12–13:00 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15417 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 1 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vivasvat Saptamī 1941 falls on Tuesday 1 July. Saptamī runs from 18:44 on Mon 30 Jun to 17:16 on Tue 1 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-07-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5933, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-07-04T10:39:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-04T10:39:00Z", "ms": -899212859667.5024 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-05T07:50:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-05T07:50:00Z", "ms": -899136599898.4209 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-04T10:39:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-04T10:39:00Z", "ms": -899212859667.5024 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-05T07:50:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-05T07:50:00Z", "ms": -899136599898.4209 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-04T06:10:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-04T06:10:51Z", "ms": -899228949159.1173 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-04T06:10:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-04T06:10:51Z", "ms": -899228949159.1173 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-05T06:11:07+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-05T06:11:07Z", "ms": -899142532770.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-05T06:11:07+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-05T06:11:07Z", "ms": -899142532770.6404 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:39 on Fri 4 Jul to 07:50 on Sat 5 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-04T10:39:00Z → 1941-07-05T07:50:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:11 on the 4th and 06:11 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5933 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Saturday 5 July. Ekādaśī runs from 10:39 on Fri 4 Jul to 07:50 on Sat 5 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-07-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-07-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19181, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-07-06T04:51:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-06T04:51:20Z", "ms": -899060920391.2439 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-07T01:50:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T01:50:28Z", "ms": -898985371781.6344 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-06T04:51:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-06T04:51:20Z", "ms": -899060920391.2439 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-07T01:50:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T01:50:28Z", "ms": -898985371781.6344 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-05T19:01:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-05T19:01:22Z", "ms": -899096318309.8325 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-05T20:30:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-05T20:30:42Z", "ms": -899090958042.7426 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-06T19:01:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-06T19:01:25Z", "ms": -899009914573.8232 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-06T20:30:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-06T20:30:47Z", "ms": -899004552602.2682 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:51 on Sun 6 Jul to 01:50 on Mon 7 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-06T04:51:20Z → 1941-07-07T01:50:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:31 on the 5th, 19:01–20:31 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 5th and 89 of 89 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19181 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Sunday 6 July. Trayodaśī runs from 04:51 on Sun 6 Jul to 01:50 on Mon 7 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-07-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26154, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-07-07T22:56:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T22:56:03Z", "ms": -898909437257.2422 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-08T20:17:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T20:17:20Z", "ms": -898832560030.0952 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-07T22:56:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T22:56:03Z", "ms": -898909437257.2422 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-08T20:17:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T20:17:20Z", "ms": -898832560030.0952 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-08T06:11:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T06:11:57Z", "ms": -898883283231.0302 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-08T08:45:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T08:45:52Z", "ms": -898874048477.6799 } }, "covered_min": 154, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-09T06:12:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-09T06:12:13Z", "ms": -898796866656.3503 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-09T08:46:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-09T08:46:05Z", "ms": -898787634946.5931 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:56 on Mon 7 Jul to 20:17 on Tue 8 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-07T22:56:03Z → 1941-07-08T20:17:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:12–08:46 on the 8th, 06:12–08:46 on the 9th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 154 of 154 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 154 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26154 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vyāsa Pūjā 1941 falls on Tuesday 8 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:56 on Mon 7 Jul to 20:17 on Tue 8 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26196, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-07-07T22:56:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T22:56:03Z", "ms": -898909437257.2422 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-08T20:17:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T20:17:20Z", "ms": -898832560030.0952 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-07T22:56:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T22:56:03Z", "ms": -898909437257.2422 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-08T20:17:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T20:17:20Z", "ms": -898832560030.0952 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-07T12:12:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T12:12:34Z", "ms": -898948045704.7576 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-07T13:00:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T13:00:34Z", "ms": -898945165704.7576 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-08T12:12:44+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T12:12:44Z", "ms": -898861636347.6547 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-08T13:00:44+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T13:00:44Z", "ms": -898858756347.6547 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:56 on Mon 7 Jul to 20:17 on Tue 8 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-07T22:56:03Z → 1941-07-08T20:17:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 7th, 12:13–13:01 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26196 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Guru Pūrṇimā 1941 falls on Tuesday 8 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:56 on Mon 7 Jul to 20:17 on Tue 8 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4549, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-07-07T22:56:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T22:56:03Z", "ms": -898909437257.2422 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-08T20:17:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T20:17:20Z", "ms": -898832560030.0952 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-07T22:56:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T22:56:03Z", "ms": -898909437257.2422 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-08T20:17:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T20:17:20Z", "ms": -898832560030.0952 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-07T16:27:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T16:27:31Z", "ms": -898932749255.3162 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-07T19:01:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T19:01:28Z", "ms": -898923511622.3552 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-08T16:27:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T16:27:36Z", "ms": -898846344217.6294 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-08T19:01:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T19:01:31Z", "ms": -898837109464.2792 } }, "covered_min": 154, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:56 on Mon 7 Jul to 20:17 on Tue 8 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-07T22:56:03Z → 1941-07-08T20:17:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:28–19:01 on the 7th, 16:28–19:02 on the 8th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 154 minutes on the 7th and 154 of 154 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4549 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kokilā Vrata 1941 falls on Tuesday 8 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:56 on Mon 7 Jul to 20:17 on Tue 8 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 816, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-07-07T22:56:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T22:56:03Z", "ms": -898909437257.2422 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-08T20:17:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T20:17:20Z", "ms": -898832560030.0952 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-07T22:56:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T22:56:03Z", "ms": -898909437257.2422 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-08T20:17:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T20:17:20Z", "ms": -898832560030.0952 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-07T19:01:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T19:01:28Z", "ms": -898923511622.3552 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-07T20:30:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-07T20:30:52Z", "ms": -898918147836.8452 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-08T19:01:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T19:01:31Z", "ms": -898837109464.2792 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-08T20:30:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-08T20:30:56Z", "ms": -898831743756.5553 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:56 on Mon 7 Jul to 20:17 on Tue 8 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-07T22:56:03Z → 1941-07-08T20:17:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:31 on the 7th, 19:02–20:31 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 7th and 76 of 89 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 816 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śiva Śayanotsava 1941 falls on Tuesday 8 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:56 on Mon 7 Jul to 20:17 on Tue 8 Jul and covers 76 of 89 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6060, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1941-07-09T18:03:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-09T18:03:43Z", "ms": -898754177149.16 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-10T16:23:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-10T16:23:58Z", "ms": -898673761623.2048 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-09T18:03:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-09T18:03:43Z", "ms": -898754177149.16 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-10T16:23:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-10T16:23:58Z", "ms": -898673761623.2048 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-09T19:44:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-09T19:44:42Z", "ms": -898748117517.5697 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-09T19:44:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-09T19:44:42Z", "ms": -898748117517.5697 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-10T20:35:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-10T20:35:56Z", "ms": -898658643615.6013 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-10T20:35:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-10T20:35:56Z", "ms": -898658643615.6013 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 18:04 on Wed 9 Jul to 16:24 on Thu 10 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-09T18:03:43Z → 1941-07-10T16:23:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:45 on the 9th and 20:36 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6060 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 9 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1941 falls on Wednesday 9 July. Dvitīyā runs from 18:04 on Wed 9 Jul to 16:24 on Thu 10 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-07-11", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21479, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-07-11T15:25:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-11T15:25:25Z", "ms": -898590874917.0911 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-12T15:12:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-12T15:12:51Z", "ms": -898505229227.8033 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-11T15:25:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-11T15:25:25Z", "ms": -898590874917.0911 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-12T15:12:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-12T15:12:51Z", "ms": -898505229227.8033 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-11T21:23:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-11T21:23:24Z", "ms": -898569396288.1765 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-11T21:23:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-11T21:23:24Z", "ms": -898569396288.1765 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-12T22:07:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-12T22:07:39Z", "ms": -898480341040.1128 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-12T22:07:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-12T22:07:39Z", "ms": -898480341040.1128 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:25 on Fri 11 Jul to 15:13 on Sat 12 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-11T15:25:25Z → 1941-07-12T15:12:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:23 on the 11th and 22:08 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21479 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Friday 11 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1941 falls on Friday 11 July. Caturthī runs from 15:25 on Fri 11 Jul to 15:13 on Sat 12 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-07-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-07-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7321, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-07-19T02:08:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-19T02:08:25Z", "ms": -897947495165.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-20T04:13:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-20T04:13:11Z", "ms": -897853608951.0581 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-19T02:08:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-19T02:08:25Z", "ms": -897947495165.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-20T04:13:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-20T04:13:11Z", "ms": -897853608951.0581 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-19T06:14:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-19T06:14:56Z", "ms": -897932703842.9628 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-19T06:14:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-19T06:14:56Z", "ms": -897932703842.9628 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-20T06:15:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-20T06:15:12Z", "ms": -897846288264.2356 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-20T06:15:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-20T06:15:12Z", "ms": -897846288264.2356 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:08 on Sat 19 Jul to 04:13 on Sun 20 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-19T02:08:25Z → 1941-07-20T04:13:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:15 on the 19th and 06:15 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7321 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Saturday 19 July. Ekādaśī runs from 02:08 on Sat 19 Jul to 04:13 on Sun 20 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-07-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33649, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-07-21T05:51:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-21T05:51:38Z", "ms": -897761302490.4375 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-22T06:59:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-22T06:59:00Z", "ms": -897670859627.7177 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-21T05:51:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-21T05:51:38Z", "ms": -897761302490.4375 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-22T06:59:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-22T06:59:00Z", "ms": -897670859627.7177 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-20T19:00:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-20T19:00:52Z", "ms": -897800348062.0856 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-20T20:30:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-20T20:30:49Z", "ms": -897794951372.2692 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-21T19:00:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-21T19:00:43Z", "ms": -897713956844.336 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-21T20:30:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-21T20:30:43Z", "ms": -897708556962.9796 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:52 on Mon 21 Jul to 06:59 on Tue 22 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-21T05:51:38Z → 1941-07-22T06:59:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:31 on the 20th, 19:01–20:31 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 90 minutes on the 20th and 90 of 90 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33649 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Monday 21 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Monday 21 July. Trayodaśī runs from 05:52 on Mon 21 Jul to 06:59 on Tue 22 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-07-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-07-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21408, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-07-22T06:59:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-22T06:59:00Z", "ms": -897670859627.7177 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-23T07:34:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-23T07:34:11Z", "ms": -897582348573.3768 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-22T06:59:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-22T06:59:00Z", "ms": -897670859627.7177 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-23T07:34:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-23T07:34:11Z", "ms": -897582348573.3768 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-22T00:14:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-22T00:14:13Z", "ms": -897695147289.2494 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-22T01:02:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-22T01:02:13Z", "ms": -897692267289.2494 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-23T00:14:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-23T00:14:15Z", "ms": -897608744663.4272 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-23T01:02:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-23T01:02:15Z", "ms": -897605864663.4272 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:59 on Tue 22 Jul to 07:34 on Wed 23 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-22T06:59:00Z → 1941-07-23T07:34:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:14–01:02 on the 21st, 00:14–01:02 on the 22nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21408 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1941 falls on Tuesday 22 July. Caturdaśī runs from 06:59 on Tue 22 Jul to 07:34 on Wed 23 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-07-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20730, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1941-07-26T06:28:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-26T06:28:43Z", "ms": -897327076920.9418 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-27T05:21:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-27T05:21:36Z", "ms": -897244703755.2203 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-26T06:28:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-26T06:28:43Z", "ms": -897327076920.9418 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-27T05:21:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-27T05:21:36Z", "ms": -897244703755.2203 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-26T12:14:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-26T12:14:13Z", "ms": -897306346866.4637 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-26T13:02:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-26T13:02:13Z", "ms": -897303466866.4637 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-27T12:14:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-27T12:14:13Z", "ms": -897219947035.581 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-27T13:02:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-27T13:02:13Z", "ms": -897217067035.581 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 06:29 on Sat 26 Jul to 05:22 on Sun 27 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-26T06:28:43Z → 1941-07-27T05:21:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 26th, 12:14–13:02 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20730 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 26 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1941 falls on Saturday 26 July. Tṛtīyā runs from 06:29 on Sat 26 Jul to 05:22 on Sun 27 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-07-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24757, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-07-27T05:21:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-27T05:21:36Z", "ms": -897244703755.2203 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-28T03:57:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-28T03:57:24Z", "ms": -897163355856.2275 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-27T05:21:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-27T05:21:36Z", "ms": -897244703755.2203 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-28T03:57:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-28T03:57:24Z", "ms": -897163355856.2275 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-27T12:14:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-27T12:14:13Z", "ms": -897219947035.581 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-27T13:02:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-27T13:02:13Z", "ms": -897217067035.581 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-28T12:14:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-28T12:14:12Z", "ms": -897133547815.0381 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-28T13:02:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-28T13:02:12Z", "ms": -897130667815.0381 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:22 on Sun 27 Jul to 03:57 on Mon 28 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-27T05:21:36Z → 1941-07-28T03:57:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 27th, 12:14–13:02 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24757 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 27 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1941 falls on Sunday 27 July. Caturthī runs from 05:22 on Sun 27 Jul to 03:57 on Mon 28 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-07-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-07-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29808, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1941-07-28T03:57:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-28T03:57:24Z", "ms": -897163355856.2275 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-29T02:18:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-29T02:18:33Z", "ms": -897082886643.7698 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-07-28T03:57:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-28T03:57:24Z", "ms": -897163355856.2275 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-29T02:18:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-29T02:18:33Z", "ms": -897082886643.7698 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-28T12:14:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-28T12:14:12Z", "ms": -897133547815.0381 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-28T13:02:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-28T13:02:12Z", "ms": -897130667815.0381 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-07-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-07-29T12:14:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-29T12:14:11Z", "ms": -897047149211.2524 }, "end": { "local": "1941-07-29T13:02:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-07-29T13:02:11Z", "ms": -897044269211.2524 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 03:57 on Mon 28 Jul to 02:19 on Tue 29 Jul.", "fact": "1941-07-28T03:57:24Z → 1941-07-29T02:18:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 28th, 12:14–13:02 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29808 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 28 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-07-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nāga Pañcamī 1941 falls on Monday 28 July. Pañcamī runs from 03:57 on Mon 28 Jul to 02:19 on Tue 29 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-08-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24529, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-02T15:29:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-02T15:29:48Z", "ms": -896689812307.8757 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-03T13:07:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-03T13:07:10Z", "ms": -896611970485.4597 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-02T15:29:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-02T15:29:48Z", "ms": -896689812307.8757 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-03T13:07:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-03T13:07:10Z", "ms": -896611970485.4597 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-02T06:18:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-02T06:18:10Z", "ms": -896722910493.1633 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-02T06:18:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-02T06:18:10Z", "ms": -896722910493.1633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-03T06:18:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-03T06:18:21Z", "ms": -896636499218.5784 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-03T06:18:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-03T06:18:21Z", "ms": -896636499218.5784 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:30 on Sat 2 Aug to 13:07 on Sun 3 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-02T15:29:48Z → 1941-08-03T13:07:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:18 on the 2nd and 06:18 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24529 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Putradā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Sunday 3 August. Ekādaśī runs from 15:30 on Sat 2 Aug to 13:07 on Sun 3 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-08-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 315, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-03T13:07:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-03T13:07:10Z", "ms": -896611970485.4597 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-04T10:50:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-04T10:50:15Z", "ms": -896533784853.9437 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-03T13:07:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-03T13:07:10Z", "ms": -896611970485.4597 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-04T10:50:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-04T10:50:15Z", "ms": -896533784853.9437 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-03T12:13:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-03T12:13:54Z", "ms": -896615165544.8845 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-03T13:01:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-03T13:01:54Z", "ms": -896612285544.8845 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-04T12:13:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-04T12:13:49Z", "ms": -896528770676.2021 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-04T13:01:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-04T13:01:49Z", "ms": -896525890676.2021 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 13:07 on Sun 3 Aug to 10:50 on Mon 4 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-03T13:07:10Z → 1941-08-04T10:50:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 3rd, 12:14–13:02 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 315 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1941 falls on Monday 4 August. Dvādaśī runs from 13:07 on Sun 3 Aug to 10:50 on Mon 4 Aug, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-08-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29212, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-04T10:50:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-04T10:50:15Z", "ms": -896533784853.9437 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-05T08:45:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-05T08:45:17Z", "ms": -896454883036.0599 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-04T10:50:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-04T10:50:15Z", "ms": -896533784853.9437 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-05T08:45:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-05T08:45:17Z", "ms": -896454883036.0599 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-04T18:57:07+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-04T18:57:07Z", "ms": -896504573024.2997 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-04T20:28:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-04T20:28:00Z", "ms": -896499120330.7704 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-05T18:56:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-05T18:56:45Z", "ms": -896418195014.9808 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-05T20:27:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-05T20:27:42Z", "ms": -896412738039.9645 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:50 on Mon 4 Aug to 08:45 on Tue 5 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-04T10:50:15Z → 1941-08-05T08:45:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:57–20:28 on the 4th, 18:57–20:28 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 91 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29212 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Monday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Monday 4 August. Trayodaśī runs from 10:50 on Mon 4 Aug to 08:45 on Tue 5 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-08-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2442, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-08-06T06:59:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-06T06:59:01Z", "ms": -896374858727.4689 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-07T05:38:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-07T05:38:20Z", "ms": -896293300063.2812 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1941-08-06T18:15:04+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-06T18:15:04Z", "ms": -896334296184.5933 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-07T05:38:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-07T05:38:20Z", "ms": -896293300063.2812 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-06T06:18:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-06T06:18:52Z", "ms": -896377267702.3579 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-07T06:19:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-07T06:19:02Z", "ms": -896290857965.1179 } }, "covered_min": 683, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-07T06:19:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-07T06:19:02Z", "ms": -896290857965.1179 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-08T06:19:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-08T06:19:11Z", "ms": -896204448608.6976 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:59 on Wed 6 Aug to 05:38 on Thu 7 Aug. Its second half begins at 18:15 on Wed 6 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-06T06:59:01Z → 1941-08-07T05:38:20Z · second half from 1941-08-06T18:15:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:19 on the 6th, and from 06:19 on the 7th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 683 of 1440 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 1440 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2442 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1941 falls on Wednesday 6 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 18:15 on Wed 6 Aug to 05:38 on Thu 7 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18876, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-08-06T06:59:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-06T06:59:01Z", "ms": -896374858727.4689 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-07T05:38:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-07T05:38:20Z", "ms": -896293300063.2812 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-06T06:59:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-06T06:59:01Z", "ms": -896374858727.4689 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-07T05:38:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-07T05:38:20Z", "ms": -896293300063.2812 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-06T12:13:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-06T12:13:37Z", "ms": -896355982765.7877 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-06T13:01:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-06T13:01:37Z", "ms": -896353102765.7877 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-07T12:13:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-07T12:13:30Z", "ms": -896269589708.6985 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-07T13:01:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-07T13:01:30Z", "ms": -896266709708.6985 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:59 on Wed 6 Aug to 05:38 on Thu 7 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-06T06:59:01Z → 1941-08-07T05:38:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 6th, 12:14–13:02 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18876 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1941 falls on Wednesday 6 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:59 on Wed 6 Aug to 05:38 on Thu 7 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31046, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1941-08-08T04:49:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-08T04:49:33Z", "ms": -896209827272.6697 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-09T04:37:40+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-09T04:37:40Z", "ms": -896124139777.8774 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-08T04:49:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-08T04:49:33Z", "ms": -896209827272.6697 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-09T04:37:40+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-09T04:37:40Z", "ms": -896124139777.8774 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-07T19:14:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-07T19:14:20Z", "ms": -896244340194.276 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-07T19:14:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-07T19:14:20Z", "ms": -896244340194.276 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-08T20:00:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-08T20:00:14Z", "ms": -896155186085.3157 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-08T20:00:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-08T20:00:14Z", "ms": -896155186085.3157 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 04:50 on Fri 8 Aug to 04:38 on Sat 9 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-08T04:49:33Z → 1941-08-09T04:37:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:14 on the 7th and 20:00 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31046 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Friday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1941 falls on Friday 8 August. Dvitīyā runs from 04:50 on Fri 8 Aug to 04:38 on Sat 9 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25657, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1941-08-09T04:37:40+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-09T04:37:40Z", "ms": -896124139777.8774 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-10T05:05:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-10T05:05:29Z", "ms": -896036070910.9069 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-09T04:37:40+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-09T04:37:40Z", "ms": -896124139777.8774 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-10T05:05:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-10T05:05:29Z", "ms": -896036070910.9069 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-09T12:13:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-09T12:13:15Z", "ms": -896096805347.0571 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-09T13:01:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-09T13:01:15Z", "ms": -896093925347.0571 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-10T12:13:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-10T12:13:06Z", "ms": -896010414023.9993 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-10T13:01:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-10T13:01:06Z", "ms": -896007534023.9993 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 04:38 on Sat 9 Aug to 05:05 on Sun 10 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-09T04:37:40Z → 1941-08-10T05:05:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 9th, 12:13–13:01 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25657 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1941 falls on Saturday 9 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 04:38 on Sat 9 Aug to 05:05 on Sun 10 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36620, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-10T05:05:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-10T05:05:29Z", "ms": -896036070910.9069 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-11T06:12:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-11T06:12:36Z", "ms": -895945643835.3395 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-10T05:05:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-10T05:05:29Z", "ms": -896036070910.9069 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-11T06:12:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-11T06:12:36Z", "ms": -895945643835.3395 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-09T16:23:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-09T16:23:59Z", "ms": -896081760777.1936 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-09T18:55:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-09T18:55:09Z", "ms": -896072691063.9513 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-10T16:23:40+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-10T16:23:40Z", "ms": -895995379822.6102 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-10T18:54:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-10T18:54:43Z", "ms": -895986317021.6842 } }, "covered_min": 151, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:05 on Sun 10 Aug to 06:13 on Mon 11 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-10T05:05:29Z → 1941-08-11T06:12:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:24–18:55 on the 9th, 16:24–18:55 on the 10th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 151 minutes on the 9th and 151 of 151 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36620 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bahulā Caturthī 1941 falls on Sunday 10 August. Caturthī runs from 05:05 on Sun 10 Aug to 06:13 on Mon 11 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-08-10", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30115, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-10T05:05:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-10T05:05:29Z", "ms": -896036070910.9069 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-11T06:12:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-11T06:12:36Z", "ms": -895945643835.3395 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-10T05:05:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-10T05:05:29Z", "ms": -896036070910.9069 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-11T06:12:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-11T06:12:36Z", "ms": -895945643835.3395 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-09T20:43:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-09T20:43:34Z", "ms": -896066185536.7441 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-09T20:43:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-09T20:43:34Z", "ms": -896066185536.7441 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-10T21:25:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-10T21:25:05Z", "ms": -895977294676.31 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-10T21:25:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-10T21:25:05Z", "ms": -895977294676.31 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:05 on Sun 10 Aug to 06:13 on Mon 11 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-10T05:05:29Z → 1941-08-11T06:12:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:44 on the 9th and 21:25 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30115 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1941 falls on Sunday 10 August. Caturthī runs from 05:05 on Sun 10 Aug to 06:13 on Mon 11 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-08-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7747, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-12T07:54:44+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-12T07:54:44Z", "ms": -895853115562.3671 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-13T10:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-13T10:03:30Z", "ms": -895758990237.8173 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-12T07:54:44+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-12T07:54:44Z", "ms": -895853115562.3671 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-13T10:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-13T10:03:30Z", "ms": -895758990237.8173 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-12T12:12:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-12T12:12:47Z", "ms": -895837633046.5564 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-12T13:00:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-12T13:00:47Z", "ms": -895834753046.5564 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-13T12:12:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-13T12:12:37Z", "ms": -895751243373.4474 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-13T13:00:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-13T13:00:37Z", "ms": -895748363373.4474 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:55 on Tue 12 Aug to 10:03 on Wed 13 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-12T07:54:44Z → 1941-08-13T10:03:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 12th, 12:13–13:01 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7747 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1941 falls on Tuesday 12 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:55 on Tue 12 Aug to 10:03 on Wed 13 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 870, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-13T10:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-13T10:03:30Z", "ms": -895758990237.8173 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-14T12:26:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-14T12:26:56Z", "ms": -895663984027.5468 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-13T10:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-13T10:03:30Z", "ms": -895758990237.8173 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-14T12:26:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-14T12:26:56Z", "ms": -895663984027.5468 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-13T12:12:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-13T12:12:37Z", "ms": -895751243373.4474 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-13T13:00:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-13T13:00:37Z", "ms": -895748363373.4474 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-14T12:12:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-14T12:12:26Z", "ms": -895664854231.5947 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-14T13:00:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-14T13:00:26Z", "ms": -895661974231.5947 } }, "covered_min": 15, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 10:03 on Wed 13 Aug to 12:27 on Thu 14 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-13T10:03:30Z → 1941-08-14T12:26:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 13th, 12:12–13:00 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 15 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 870 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 13 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śītalā Saptamī 1941 falls on Wednesday 13 August. Saptamī runs from 10:03 on Wed 13 Aug to 12:27 on Thu 14 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 15 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33675, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-14T12:26:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-14T12:26:56Z", "ms": -895663984027.5468 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-15T14:51:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-15T14:51:03Z", "ms": -895568936962.486 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-14T12:26:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-14T12:26:56Z", "ms": -895663984027.5468 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-15T14:51:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-15T14:51:03Z", "ms": -895568936962.486 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-15T00:12:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-15T00:12:29Z", "ms": -895621650841.3354 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-15T01:00:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-15T01:00:29Z", "ms": -895618770841.3354 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-16T00:12:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-16T00:12:18Z", "ms": -895535262398.4358 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-16T01:00:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-16T01:00:18Z", "ms": -895532382398.4358 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 12:27 on Thu 14 Aug to 14:51 on Fri 15 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-14T12:26:56Z → 1941-08-15T14:51:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:12–01:00 on the 14th, 00:12–01:00 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33675 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 14 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Janmāṣṭamī 1941 falls on Thursday 14 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 12:27 on Thu 14 Aug to 14:51 on Fri 15 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-08-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37279, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-17T18:47:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-17T18:47:22Z", "ms": -895381957703.4885 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-18T19:59:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-18T19:59:12Z", "ms": -895291248457.6604 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-17T18:47:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-17T18:47:22Z", "ms": -895381957703.4885 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-18T19:59:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-18T19:59:12Z", "ms": -895291248457.6604 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-18T06:20:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-18T06:20:25Z", "ms": -895340375279.9728 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-18T06:20:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-18T06:20:25Z", "ms": -895340375279.9728 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-19T06:20:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-19T06:20:30Z", "ms": -895253969894.1006 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-19T06:20:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-19T06:20:30Z", "ms": -895253969894.1006 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:47 on Sun 17 Aug to 19:59 on Mon 18 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-17T18:47:22Z → 1941-08-18T19:59:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:20 on the 18th and 06:21 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37279 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ajā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Monday 18 August. Ekādaśī runs from 18:47 on Sun 17 Aug to 19:59 on Mon 18 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-08-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 369, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-19T20:32:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-19T20:32:56Z", "ms": -895202823905.965 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-20T20:28:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-20T20:28:01Z", "ms": -895116719146.6774 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-19T20:32:56+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-19T20:32:56Z", "ms": -895202823905.965 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-20T20:28:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-20T20:28:01Z", "ms": -895116719146.6774 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-19T18:50:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-19T18:50:18Z", "ms": -895208982427.1282 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-19T20:22:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-19T20:22:20Z", "ms": -895203460083.192 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-20T18:49:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-20T18:49:45Z", "ms": -895122615168.8439 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-20T20:21:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-20T20:21:52Z", "ms": -895117087831.2571 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:33 on Tue 19 Aug to 20:28 on Wed 20 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-19T20:32:56Z → 1941-08-20T20:28:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:50–20:22 on the 19th, 18:50–20:22 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 19th and 92 of 92 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 369 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-20", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Wednesday 20 August. Trayodaśī runs from 20:33 on Tue 19 Aug to 20:28 on Wed 20 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-08-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-08-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13391, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-20T20:28:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-20T20:28:01Z", "ms": -895116719146.6774 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-21T19:46:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-21T19:46:51Z", "ms": -895032789011.1198 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-20T20:28:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-20T20:28:01Z", "ms": -895116719146.6774 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-21T19:46:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-21T19:46:51Z", "ms": -895032789011.1198 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-21T00:11:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-21T00:11:12Z", "ms": -895103327652.8936 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-21T00:59:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-21T00:59:12Z", "ms": -895100447652.8936 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-22T00:10:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-22T00:10:58Z", "ms": -895016942132.5814 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-22T00:58:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-22T00:58:58Z", "ms": -895014062132.5814 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:28 on Wed 20 Aug to 19:47 on Thu 21 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-20T20:28:01Z → 1941-08-21T19:46:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:11–00:59 on the 20th, 00:11–00:59 on the 21st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13391 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1941 falls on Wednesday 20 August. Caturdaśī runs from 20:28 on Wed 20 Aug to 19:47 on Thu 21 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-08-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 369, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-20T20:28:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-20T20:28:01Z", "ms": -895116719146.6774 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-21T19:46:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-21T19:46:51Z", "ms": -895032789011.1198 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-20T20:28:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-20T20:28:01Z", "ms": -895116719146.6774 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-21T19:46:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-21T19:46:51Z", "ms": -895032789011.1198 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-20T18:49:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-20T18:49:45Z", "ms": -895122615168.8439 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-20T20:21:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-20T20:21:52Z", "ms": -895117087831.2571 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-21T18:49:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-21T18:49:11Z", "ms": -895036248506.493 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-21T20:21:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-21T20:21:24Z", "ms": -895030716140.1166 } }, "covered_min": 58, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:28 on Wed 20 Aug to 19:47 on Thu 21 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-20T20:28:01Z → 1941-08-21T19:46:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:50–20:22 on the 20th, 18:49–20:21 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 20th and 58 of 92 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 369 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-21", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aghora Caturdaśī 1941 falls on Thursday 21 August. Caturdaśī runs from 20:28 on Wed 20 Aug to 19:47 on Thu 21 Aug and covers 58 of 92 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14183, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1941-08-22T18:33:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-22T18:33:55Z", "ms": -894950765445.563 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-23T16:54:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-23T16:54:49Z", "ms": -894870311103.4447 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-22T18:33:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-22T18:33:55Z", "ms": -894950765445.563 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-23T16:54:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-23T16:54:49Z", "ms": -894870311103.4447 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-22T12:10:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-22T12:10:41Z", "ms": -894973759092.3108 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-22T12:58:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-22T12:58:41Z", "ms": -894970879092.3108 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-23T12:10:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-23T12:10:26Z", "ms": -894887374311.3098 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-23T12:58:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-23T12:58:26Z", "ms": -894884494311.3098 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 18:34 on Fri 22 Aug to 16:55 on Sat 23 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-22T18:33:55Z → 1941-08-23T16:54:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 22nd, 12:10–12:58 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14183 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rudra Vrata 1941 falls on Saturday 23 August. Pratipadā runs from 18:34 on Fri 22 Aug to 16:55 on Sat 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 934, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-25T12:42:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-25T12:42:20Z", "ms": -894712660212.1337 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-26T10:20:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-26T10:20:30Z", "ms": -894634770005.4788 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-25T12:42:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-25T12:42:20Z", "ms": -894712660212.1337 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-26T10:20:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-26T10:20:30Z", "ms": -894634770005.4788 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-25T12:09:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-25T12:09:54Z", "ms": -894714606058.786 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-25T12:57:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-25T12:57:54Z", "ms": -894711726058.786 } }, "covered_min": 16, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-26T12:09:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-26T12:09:37Z", "ms": -894628222567.704 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-26T12:57:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-26T12:57:37Z", "ms": -894625342567.704 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:42 on Mon 25 Aug to 10:20 on Tue 26 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-25T12:42:20Z → 1941-08-26T10:20:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 25th, 12:10–12:58 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 16 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 934 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1941 falls on Monday 25 August. Caturthī runs from 12:42 on Mon 25 Aug to 10:20 on Tue 26 Aug and covers 16 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 934, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1941-08-24T14:55:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-24T14:55:38Z", "ms": -894791062363.8566 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-25T12:42:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-25T12:42:20Z", "ms": -894712660212.1337 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-24T14:55:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-24T14:55:38Z", "ms": -894791062363.8566 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-25T12:42:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-25T12:42:20Z", "ms": -894712660212.1337 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-24T12:10:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-24T12:10:10Z", "ms": -894800989969.8896 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-24T12:58:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-24T12:58:10Z", "ms": -894798109969.8896 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-25T12:09:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-25T12:09:54Z", "ms": -894714606058.786 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-25T12:57:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-25T12:57:54Z", "ms": -894711726058.786 } }, "covered_min": 32, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 14:56 on Sun 24 Aug to 12:42 on Mon 25 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-24T14:55:38Z → 1941-08-25T12:42:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 24th, 12:10–12:58 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 32 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 934 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Monday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1941 falls on Monday 25 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 14:56 on Sun 24 Aug to 12:42 on Mon 25 Aug and covers 32 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6547, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-26T10:20:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-26T10:20:30Z", "ms": -894634770005.4788 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-27T07:55:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-27T07:55:08Z", "ms": -894557091917.9285 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-26T10:20:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-26T10:20:30Z", "ms": -894634770005.4788 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-27T07:55:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-27T07:55:08Z", "ms": -894557091917.9285 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-26T12:09:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-26T12:09:37Z", "ms": -894628222567.704 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-26T12:57:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-26T12:57:37Z", "ms": -894625342567.704 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-27T12:09:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-27T12:09:21Z", "ms": -894541839486.2578 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-27T12:57:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-27T12:57:21Z", "ms": -894538959486.2578 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:20 on Tue 26 Aug to 07:55 on Wed 27 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-26T10:20:30Z → 1941-08-27T07:55:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 26th, 12:09–12:57 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 6547 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1941 falls on Tuesday 26 August. Pañcamī runs from 10:20 on Tue 26 Aug to 07:55 on Wed 27 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15252, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-27T07:55:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-27T07:55:08Z", "ms": -894557091917.9285 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-28T05:30:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-28T05:30:36Z", "ms": -894479363798.3022 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-27T07:55:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-27T07:55:08Z", "ms": -894557091917.9285 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-28T05:30:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-28T05:30:36Z", "ms": -894479363798.3022 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-27T12:09:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-27T12:09:21Z", "ms": -894541839486.2578 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-27T12:57:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-27T12:57:21Z", "ms": -894538959486.2578 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-28T12:09:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-28T12:09:03Z", "ms": -894455456801.24 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-28T12:57:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-28T12:57:03Z", "ms": -894452576801.24 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:55 on Wed 27 Aug to 05:31 on Thu 28 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-27T07:55:08Z → 1941-08-28T05:30:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 27th, 12:09–12:57 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15252 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1941 falls on Wednesday 27 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:55 on Wed 27 Aug to 05:31 on Thu 28 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23907, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-28T05:30:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-28T05:30:36Z", "ms": -894479363798.3022 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-29T03:10:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-29T03:10:42Z", "ms": -894401357979.2936 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-28T05:30:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-28T05:30:36Z", "ms": -894479363798.3022 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-29T03:10:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-29T03:10:42Z", "ms": -894401357979.2936 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-28T12:09:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-28T12:09:03Z", "ms": -894455456801.24 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-28T12:57:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-28T12:57:03Z", "ms": -894452576801.24 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-29T12:08:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-29T12:08:46Z", "ms": -894369074498.9993 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-29T12:56:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-29T12:56:46Z", "ms": -894366194498.9993 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 05:31 on Thu 28 Aug to 03:11 on Fri 29 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-28T05:30:36Z → 1941-08-29T03:10:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 28th, 12:09–12:57 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 23907 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 28 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1941 falls on Thursday 28 August. Saptamī runs from 05:31 on Thu 28 Aug to 03:11 on Fri 29 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32283, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-29T03:10:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-29T03:10:42Z", "ms": -894401357979.2936 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-30T00:58:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-30T00:58:46Z", "ms": -894322873591.8092 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-29T03:10:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-29T03:10:42Z", "ms": -894401357979.2936 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-30T00:58:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-30T00:58:46Z", "ms": -894322873591.8092 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-29T12:08:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-29T12:08:46Z", "ms": -894369074498.9993 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-29T12:56:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-29T12:56:46Z", "ms": -894366194498.9993 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-08-30T12:08:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-30T12:08:27Z", "ms": -894282692564.1621 }, "end": { "local": "1941-08-30T12:56:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-30T12:56:27Z", "ms": -894279812564.1621 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:11 on Fri 29 Aug to 00:59 on Sat 30 Aug.", "fact": "1941-08-29T03:10:42Z → 1941-08-30T00:58:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 29th, 12:08–12:56 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32283 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1941: Friday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rādhāṣṭamī 1941 falls on Friday 29 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:11 on Fri 29 Aug to 00:59 on Sat 30 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-09-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33008, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-08-31T21:11:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-31T21:11:03Z", "ms": -894163737064.8865 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-01T19:41:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-01T19:41:16Z", "ms": -894082724214.0205 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-08-31T21:11:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-08-31T21:11:03Z", "ms": -894163737064.8865 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-01T19:41:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-01T19:41:16Z", "ms": -894082724214.0205 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-01T06:21:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-01T06:21:11Z", "ms": -894130729179.9181 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-01T06:21:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-01T06:21:11Z", "ms": -894130729179.9181 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-02T06:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-02T06:21:12Z", "ms": -894044328055.4774 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-02T06:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-02T06:21:12Z", "ms": -894044328055.4774 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:11 on Sun 31 Aug to 19:41 on Mon 1 Sep.", "fact": "1941-08-31T21:11:03Z → 1941-09-01T19:41:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 1st and 06:21 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 1st and is not on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33008 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Monday 1 September. Ekādaśī runs from 21:11 on Sun 31 Aug to 19:41 on Mon 1 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20171, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-01T19:41:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-01T19:41:16Z", "ms": -894082724214.0205 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-02T18:31:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-02T18:31:42Z", "ms": -894000498271.7074 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-01T19:41:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-01T19:41:16Z", "ms": -894082724214.0205 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-02T18:31:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-02T18:31:42Z", "ms": -894000498271.7074 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-01T12:07:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-01T12:07:50Z", "ms": -894109929728.2307 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-01T12:55:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-01T12:55:50Z", "ms": -894107049728.2307 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-02T12:07:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-02T12:07:31Z", "ms": -894023548789.7993 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-02T12:55:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-02T12:55:31Z", "ms": -894020668789.7993 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 19:41 on Mon 1 Sep to 18:32 on Tue 2 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-01T19:41:16Z → 1941-09-02T18:31:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 1st, 12:08–12:56 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20171 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vāmana Jayantī 1941 falls on Tuesday 2 September. Dvādaśī runs from 19:41 on Mon 1 Sep to 18:32 on Tue 2 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-09-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 609, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-02T18:31:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-02T18:31:42Z", "ms": -894000498271.7074 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-03T17:45:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-03T17:45:35Z", "ms": -893916864744.7634 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-02T18:31:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-02T18:31:42Z", "ms": -894000498271.7074 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-03T17:45:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-03T17:45:35Z", "ms": -893916864744.7634 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-02T18:41:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-02T18:41:50Z", "ms": -893999889524.1212 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-02T20:15:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-02T20:15:05Z", "ms": -893994294541.905 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-03T18:41:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-03T18:41:11Z", "ms": -893913529131.3981 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-03T20:14:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-03T20:14:31Z", "ms": -893907928776.3918 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:32 on Tue 2 Sep to 17:46 on Wed 3 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-02T18:31:42Z → 1941-09-03T17:45:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:42–20:15 on the 2nd, 18:41–20:15 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 93 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 609 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Tuesday 2 September. Trayodaśī runs from 18:32 on Tue 2 Sep to 17:46 on Wed 3 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-09-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31020, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-03T17:45:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-03T17:45:35Z", "ms": -893916864744.7634 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-04T17:26:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-04T17:26:05Z", "ms": -893831634787.8433 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-03T17:45:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-03T17:45:35Z", "ms": -893916864744.7634 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-04T17:26:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-04T17:26:05Z", "ms": -893831634787.8433 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-03T06:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-03T06:21:13Z", "ms": -893957927157.5 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-03T08:49:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-03T08:49:12Z", "ms": -893949047552.2797 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-04T06:21:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-04T06:21:14Z", "ms": -893871526468.851 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-04T08:49:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-04T08:49:05Z", "ms": -893862654989.8127 } }, "covered_min": 148, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:46 on Wed 3 Sep to 17:26 on Thu 4 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-03T17:45:35Z → 1941-09-04T17:26:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:21–08:49 on the 3rd, 06:21–08:49 on the 4th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 148 minutes on the 3rd and 148 of 148 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31020 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 4 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ananta Caturdaśī 1941 falls on Thursday 4 September. Caturdaśī runs from 17:46 on Wed 3 Sep to 17:26 on Thu 4 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-09-09", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1742, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-08T21:10:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-08T21:10:37Z", "ms": -893472563106.6367 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-09T23:16:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-09T23:16:32Z", "ms": -893378608240.4545 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-08T21:10:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-08T21:10:37Z", "ms": -893472563106.6367 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-09T23:16:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-09T23:16:32Z", "ms": -893378608240.4545 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-08T20:41:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-08T20:41:35Z", "ms": -893474305017.9431 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-08T20:41:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-08T20:41:35Z", "ms": -893474305017.9431 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-09T21:22:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-09T21:22:14Z", "ms": -893385466350.9064 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-09T21:22:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-09T21:22:14Z", "ms": -893385466350.9064 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:11 on Mon 8 Sep to 23:17 on Tue 9 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-08T21:10:37Z → 1941-09-09T23:16:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:42 on the 8th and 21:22 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1742 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1941 falls on Tuesday 9 September. Caturthī runs from 21:11 on Mon 8 Sep to 23:17 on Tue 9 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-09-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12911, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-11T01:38:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-11T01:38:49Z", "ms": -893283670675.2897 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-12T04:06:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-12T04:06:41Z", "ms": -893188398979.3961 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-11T01:38:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-11T01:38:49Z", "ms": -893283670675.2897 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-12T04:06:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-12T04:06:41Z", "ms": -893188398979.3961 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-10T22:03:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-10T22:03:39Z", "ms": -893296581425.7427 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-10T22:03:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-10T22:03:39Z", "ms": -893296581425.7427 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-11T22:46:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-11T22:46:22Z", "ms": -893207618492.1199 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-11T22:46:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-11T22:46:22Z", "ms": -893207618492.1199 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:39 on Thu 11 Sep to 04:07 on Fri 12 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-11T01:38:49Z → 1941-09-12T04:06:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:04 on the 10th and 22:46 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 10th and is on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12911 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1941 falls on Thursday 11 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:39 on Thu 11 Sep to 04:07 on Fri 12 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36308, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-13T06:27:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-13T06:27:31Z", "ms": -893093549119.1216 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-14T08:28:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-14T08:28:31Z", "ms": -892999889149.1628 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-13T06:27:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-13T06:27:31Z", "ms": -893093549119.1216 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-14T08:28:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-14T08:28:31Z", "ms": -892999889149.1628 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-13T18:34:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-13T18:34:20Z", "ms": -893049939514.1425 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-13T20:08:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-13T20:08:35Z", "ms": -893044284526.7379 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-14T18:33:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-14T18:33:39Z", "ms": -892963581444.5188 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-14T20:07:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-14T20:07:59Z", "ms": -892957920923.0822 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 06:28 on Sat 13 Sep to 08:29 on Sun 14 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-13T06:27:31Z → 1941-09-14T08:28:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:34–20:09 on the 13th, 18:34–20:08 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 94 of 94 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 94 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36308 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1941 falls on Saturday 13 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 06:28 on Sat 13 Sep to 08:29 on Sun 14 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25003, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-13T06:27:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-13T06:27:31Z", "ms": -893093549119.1216 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-14T08:28:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-14T08:28:31Z", "ms": -892999889149.1628 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-13T06:27:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-13T06:27:31Z", "ms": -893093549119.1216 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-14T08:28:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-14T08:28:31Z", "ms": -892999889149.1628 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-12T23:30:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-12T23:30:48Z", "ms": -893118552154.4307 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-12T23:30:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-12T23:30:48Z", "ms": -893118552154.4307 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-14T00:17:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-14T00:17:14Z", "ms": -893029365552.2643 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-14T00:17:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-14T00:17:14Z", "ms": -893029365552.2643 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 06:28 on Sat 13 Sep to 08:29 on Sun 14 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-13T06:27:31Z → 1941-09-14T08:28:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:31 on the 12th and 00:17 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25003 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1941 falls on Saturday 13 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 06:28 on Sat 13 Sep to 08:29 on Sun 14 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-09-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16074, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-16T10:49:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-16T10:49:06Z", "ms": -892818654343.5417 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-17T10:56:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-17T10:56:01Z", "ms": -892731839352.8452 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-16T10:49:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-16T10:49:06Z", "ms": -892818654343.5417 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-17T10:56:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-17T10:56:01Z", "ms": -892731839352.8452 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-16T06:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-16T06:21:12Z", "ms": -892834727956.8683 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-16T06:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-16T06:21:12Z", "ms": -892834727956.8683 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-17T06:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-17T06:21:12Z", "ms": -892748328362.3396 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-17T06:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-17T06:21:12Z", "ms": -892748328362.3396 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:49 on Tue 16 Sep to 10:56 on Wed 17 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-16T10:49:06Z → 1941-09-17T10:56:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 16th and 06:21 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16074 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Indirā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Wednesday 17 September. Ekādaśī runs from 10:49 on Tue 16 Sep to 10:56 on Wed 17 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-09-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-09-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29536, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-18T10:18:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-18T10:18:34Z", "ms": -892647686069.5613 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-19T08:59:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-19T08:59:25Z", "ms": -892566034708.6177 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-18T10:18:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-18T10:18:34Z", "ms": -892647686069.5613 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-19T08:59:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-19T08:59:25Z", "ms": -892566034708.6177 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-18T18:30:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-18T18:30:50Z", "ms": -892618149619.8359 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-18T20:05:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-18T20:05:33Z", "ms": -892612466878.6597 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-19T18:30:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-19T18:30:08Z", "ms": -892531791669.1376 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-19T20:04:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-19T20:04:57Z", "ms": -892526103356.7758 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:19 on Thu 18 Sep to 08:59 on Fri 19 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-18T10:18:34Z → 1941-09-19T08:59:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:31–20:06 on the 18th, 18:30–20:05 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 95 of 95 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 95 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29536 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Thursday 18 September. Trayodaśī runs from 10:19 on Thu 18 Sep to 08:59 on Fri 19 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-09-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-09-19", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22446, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-19T08:59:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-19T08:59:25Z", "ms": -892566034708.6177 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-20T07:03:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-20T07:03:46Z", "ms": -892486574410.9227 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-19T08:59:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-19T08:59:25Z", "ms": -892566034708.6177 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-20T07:03:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-20T07:03:46Z", "ms": -892486574410.9227 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-19T00:02:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-19T00:02:01Z", "ms": -892598279340.425 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-19T00:50:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-19T00:50:01Z", "ms": -892595399340.425 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-20T00:01:40+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-20T00:01:40Z", "ms": -892511900497.7808 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-20T00:49:40+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-20T00:49:40Z", "ms": -892509020497.7808 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:59 on Fri 19 Sep to 07:04 on Sat 20 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-19T08:59:25Z → 1941-09-20T07:03:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:02–00:50 on the 18th, 00:02–00:50 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22446 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1941: Friday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1941 falls on Friday 19 September. Caturdaśī runs from 08:59 on Fri 19 Sep to 07:04 on Sat 20 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-09-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23662, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1941-09-20T07:03:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-20T07:03:46Z", "ms": -892486574410.9227 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-21T04:38:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-21T04:38:29Z", "ms": -892408891488.9794 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-20T07:03:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-20T07:03:46Z", "ms": -892486574410.9227 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-21T04:38:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-21T04:38:29Z", "ms": -892408891488.9794 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-20T13:38:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-20T13:38:08Z", "ms": -892462911938.509 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-20T16:03:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-20T16:03:47Z", "ms": -892454172809.204 } }, "covered_min": 146, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-21T13:37:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-21T13:37:43Z", "ms": -892376537187.1957 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-21T16:03:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-21T16:03:14Z", "ms": -892367806410.0745 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 07:04 on Sat 20 Sep to 04:38 on Sun 21 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-20T07:03:46Z → 1941-09-21T04:38:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:38–16:04 on the 20th, 13:38–16:03 on the 21st.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 146 of 146 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 146 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23662 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 20 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1941 falls on Saturday 20 September. Amāvasyā runs from 07:04 on Sat 20 Sep to 04:38 on Sun 21 Sep and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26549, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1941-09-21T04:38:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-21T04:38:29Z", "ms": -892408891488.9794 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-22T01:51:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-22T01:51:29Z", "ms": -892332511408.7633 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-21T04:38:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-21T04:38:29Z", "ms": -892408891488.9794 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-22T01:51:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-22T01:51:29Z", "ms": -892332511408.7633 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-21T12:00:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-21T12:00:57Z", "ms": -892382342575.7562 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-21T12:48:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-21T12:48:57Z", "ms": -892379462575.7562 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-22T12:00:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-22T12:00:36Z", "ms": -892295963567.2972 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-22T12:48:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-22T12:48:36Z", "ms": -892293083567.2972 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 04:38 on Sun 21 Sep to 01:51 on Mon 22 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-21T04:38:29Z → 1941-09-22T01:51:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 21st, 12:01–12:49 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26549 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1941 falls on Sunday 21 September. Pratipadā runs from 04:38 on Sun 21 Sep to 01:51 on Mon 22 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-09-24", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14142, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-23T19:45:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-23T19:45:49Z", "ms": -892181650643.5957 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-24T16:43:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-24T16:43:37Z", "ms": -892106182960.8351 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-23T19:45:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-23T19:45:49Z", "ms": -892181650643.5957 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-24T16:43:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-24T16:43:37Z", "ms": -892106182960.8351 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-23T12:00:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-23T12:00:16Z", "ms": -892209584462.2816 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-23T12:48:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-23T12:48:16Z", "ms": -892206704462.2816 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-24T11:59:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-24T11:59:55Z", "ms": -892123205244.8406 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-24T12:47:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-24T12:47:55Z", "ms": -892120325244.8406 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:46 on Tue 23 Sep to 16:44 on Wed 24 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-23T19:45:49Z → 1941-09-24T16:43:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:00–12:48 on the 23rd, 12:00–12:48 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14142 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1941 falls on Wednesday 24 September. Caturthī runs from 19:46 on Tue 23 Sep to 16:44 on Wed 24 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-09-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6942, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-26T11:17:19+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-26T11:17:19Z", "ms": -891952960756.0658 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-27T09:05:07+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-27T09:05:07Z", "ms": -891874493329.3103 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-26T11:17:19+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-26T11:17:19Z", "ms": -891952960756.0658 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-27T09:05:07+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-27T09:05:07Z", "ms": -891874493329.3103 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-26T06:21:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-26T06:21:11Z", "ms": -891970728946.3279 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-26T07:09:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-26T07:09:27Z", "ms": -891967832607.5018 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-27T06:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-27T06:21:12Z", "ms": -891884328432.3159 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-27T07:09:25+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-27T07:09:25Z", "ms": -891881434874.1888 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 11:17 on Fri 26 Sep to 09:05 on Sat 27 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-26T11:17:19Z → 1941-09-27T09:05:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:21–07:09 on the 26th, 06:21–07:09 on the 27th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6942 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Durgā Saptamī 1941 falls on Saturday 27 September. Saptamī runs from 11:17 on Fri 26 Sep to 09:05 on Sat 27 Sep and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10427, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-27T09:05:07+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-27T09:05:07Z", "ms": -891874493329.3103 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-28T07:19:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-28T07:19:20Z", "ms": -891794440246.319 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-27T09:05:07+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-27T09:05:07Z", "ms": -891874493329.3103 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-28T07:19:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-28T07:19:20Z", "ms": -891794440246.319 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-27T11:58:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-27T11:58:53Z", "ms": -891864066746.363 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-27T12:46:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-27T12:46:53Z", "ms": -891861186746.363 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-28T11:58:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-28T11:58:33Z", "ms": -891777686902.0408 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-28T12:46:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-28T12:46:33Z", "ms": -891774806902.0408 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 09:05 on Sat 27 Sep to 07:19 on Sun 28 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-27T09:05:07Z → 1941-09-28T07:19:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 27th, 11:59–12:47 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10427 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1941 falls on Saturday 27 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 09:05 on Sat 27 Sep to 07:19 on Sun 28 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16753, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-28T07:19:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-28T07:19:20Z", "ms": -891794440246.319 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-29T06:02:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-29T06:02:33Z", "ms": -891712646712.0154 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-28T07:19:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-28T07:19:20Z", "ms": -891794440246.319 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-29T06:02:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-29T06:02:33Z", "ms": -891712646712.0154 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-28T11:58:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-28T11:58:33Z", "ms": -891777686902.0408 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-28T12:46:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-28T12:46:33Z", "ms": -891774806902.0408 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-29T11:58:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-29T11:58:13Z", "ms": -891691306851.1156 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-29T12:46:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-29T12:46:13Z", "ms": -891688426851.1156 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 07:19 on Sun 28 Sep to 06:03 on Mon 29 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-28T07:19:20Z → 1941-09-29T06:02:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 28th, 11:58–12:46 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16753 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 28 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahānavamī 1941 falls on Sunday 28 September. Navamī runs from 07:19 on Sun 28 Sep to 06:03 on Mon 29 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3915, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-29T06:02:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-29T06:02:33Z", "ms": -891712646712.0154 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-30T05:15:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-30T05:15:59Z", "ms": -891629040841.5112 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-29T06:02:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-29T06:02:33Z", "ms": -891712646712.0154 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-30T05:15:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-30T05:15:59Z", "ms": -891629040841.5112 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-29T11:58:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-29T11:58:13Z", "ms": -891691306851.1156 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-29T12:46:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-29T12:46:13Z", "ms": -891688426851.1156 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-30T11:57:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-30T11:57:53Z", "ms": -891604926571.6497 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-30T12:45:53+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-30T12:45:53Z", "ms": -891602046571.6497 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 06:03 on Mon 29 Sep to 05:16 on Tue 30 Sep.", "fact": "1941-09-29T06:02:33Z → 1941-09-30T05:15:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 29th, 11:58–12:46 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so the rest of the rule applies. Daśamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3915 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1941 falls on Monday 29 September. Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so madhyāhna decides. Daśamī runs from 06:03 on Mon 29 Sep to 05:16 on Tue 30 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-09-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-09-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3915, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-09-30T05:15:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-30T05:15:59Z", "ms": -891629040841.5112 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-01T04:59:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-01T04:59:38Z", "ms": -891543621656.9935 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-09-30T05:15:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-30T05:15:59Z", "ms": -891629040841.5112 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-01T04:59:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-01T04:59:38Z", "ms": -891543621656.9935 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-09-30T06:21:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-30T06:21:14Z", "ms": -891625125806.8722 }, "end": { "local": "1941-09-30T06:21:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-09-30T06:21:14Z", "ms": -891625125806.8722 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-01T06:21:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-01T06:21:15Z", "ms": -891538724508.986 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-01T06:21:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-01T06:21:15Z", "ms": -891538724508.986 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:16 on Tue 30 Sep to 05:00 on Wed 1 Oct.", "fact": "1941-09-30T05:15:59Z → 1941-10-01T04:59:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 30th and 06:21 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3915 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 30 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Tuesday 30 September. Ekādaśī runs from 05:16 on Tue 30 Sep to 05:00 on Wed 1 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-09-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-10-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33292, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-02T05:12:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-02T05:12:39Z", "ms": -891456440737.5205 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-03T05:53:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-03T05:53:37Z", "ms": -891367582865.0452 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-02T05:12:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-02T05:12:39Z", "ms": -891456440737.5205 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-03T05:53:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-03T05:53:37Z", "ms": -891367582865.0452 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-01T18:21:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-01T18:21:52Z", "ms": -891495487573.0275 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-01T19:57:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-01T19:57:48Z", "ms": -891489732292.2279 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-02T18:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-02T18:21:12Z", "ms": -891409127505.0555 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-02T19:57:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-02T19:57:13Z", "ms": -891403366659.1396 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:13 on Thu 2 Oct to 05:54 on Fri 3 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-02T05:12:39Z → 1941-10-03T05:53:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:22–19:58 on the 1st, 18:21–19:57 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 96 minutes on the 1st and 96 of 96 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33292 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Thursday 2 October. Trayodaśī runs from 05:13 on Thu 2 Oct to 05:54 on Fri 3 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-10-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14051, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-08T15:00:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-08T15:00:49Z", "ms": -890902750586.5186 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-09T17:31:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-09T17:31:47Z", "ms": -890807292517.6064 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-08T15:00:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-08T15:00:49Z", "ms": -890902750586.5186 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-09T17:31:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-09T17:31:47Z", "ms": -890807292517.6064 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-08T20:42:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-08T20:42:18Z", "ms": -890882261852.8385 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-08T20:42:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-08T20:42:18Z", "ms": -890882261852.8385 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-09T21:25:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-09T21:25:58Z", "ms": -890793241957.4664 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-09T21:25:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-09T21:25:58Z", "ms": -890793241957.4664 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:01 on Wed 8 Oct to 17:32 on Thu 9 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-08T15:00:49Z → 1941-10-09T17:31:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:42 on the 8th and 21:26 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14051 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1941 falls on Wednesday 8 October. Caturthī runs from 15:01 on Wed 8 Oct to 17:32 on Thu 9 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-10-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14051, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-08T15:00:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-08T15:00:49Z", "ms": -890902750586.5186 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-09T17:31:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-09T17:31:47Z", "ms": -890807292517.6064 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-08T15:00:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-08T15:00:49Z", "ms": -890902750586.5186 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-09T17:31:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-09T17:31:47Z", "ms": -890807292517.6064 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-08T20:42:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-08T20:42:18Z", "ms": -890882261852.8385 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-08T20:42:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-08T20:42:18Z", "ms": -890882261852.8385 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-09T21:25:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-09T21:25:58Z", "ms": -890793241957.4664 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-09T21:25:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-09T21:25:58Z", "ms": -890793241957.4664 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:01 on Wed 8 Oct to 17:32 on Thu 9 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-08T15:00:49Z → 1941-10-09T17:31:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:42 on the 8th and 21:26 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14051 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1941 falls on Wednesday 8 October. Caturthī runs from 15:01 on Wed 8 Oct to 17:32 on Thu 9 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-10-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1263, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-13T00:08:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-13T00:08:20Z", "ms": -890524300068.7227 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-14T01:26:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-14T01:26:17Z", "ms": -890433222932.0516 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-13T00:08:20+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-13T00:08:20Z", "ms": -890524300068.7227 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-14T01:26:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-14T01:26:17Z", "ms": -890433222932.0516 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-12T23:47:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-12T23:47:17Z", "ms": -890525563057.5432 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-12T23:47:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-12T23:47:17Z", "ms": -890525563057.5432 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-14T00:37:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-14T00:37:43Z", "ms": -890436136731.5308 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-14T00:37:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-14T00:37:43Z", "ms": -890436136731.5308 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:08 on Mon 13 Oct to 01:26 on Tue 14 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-13T00:08:20Z → 1941-10-14T01:26:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:47 on the 12th and 00:38 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1263 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1941 falls on Monday 13 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:08 on Mon 13 Oct to 01:26 on Tue 14 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-10-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16284, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-16T01:50:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-16T01:50:51Z", "ms": -890258948780.6864 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-17T00:51:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T00:51:29Z", "ms": -890176111193.6351 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-16T01:50:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-16T01:50:51Z", "ms": -890258948780.6864 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-17T00:51:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T00:51:29Z", "ms": -890176111193.6351 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-16T06:22:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-16T06:22:15Z", "ms": -890242664721.9044 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-16T06:22:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-16T06:22:15Z", "ms": -890242664721.9044 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-17T06:22:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T06:22:23Z", "ms": -890156257238.7806 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-17T06:22:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T06:22:23Z", "ms": -890156257238.7806 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:51 on Thu 16 Oct to 00:51 on Fri 17 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-16T01:50:51Z → 1941-10-17T00:51:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:22 on the 16th and 06:22 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16284 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ramā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Thursday 16 October. Ekādaśī runs from 01:51 on Thu 16 Oct to 00:51 on Fri 17 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-10-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11808, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-17T00:51:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T00:51:29Z", "ms": -890176111193.6351 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-17T23:06:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T23:06:18Z", "ms": -890096021522.2338 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-17T00:51:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T00:51:29Z", "ms": -890176111193.6351 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-17T23:06:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T23:06:18Z", "ms": -890096021522.2338 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-16T18:12:40+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-16T18:12:40Z", "ms": -890200039904.2552 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-16T19:49:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-16T19:49:58Z", "ms": -890194202215.5253 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-17T18:12:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T18:12:08Z", "ms": -890113672180.2936 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-17T19:49:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T19:49:31Z", "ms": -890107829121.1819 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 00:51 on Fri 17 Oct to 23:06 on Fri 17 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-17T00:51:29Z → 1941-10-17T23:06:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:13–19:50 on the 16th, 18:12–19:50 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 16th and 97 of 97 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11808 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Friday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1941 falls on Friday 17 October. Dvādaśī runs from 00:51 on Fri 17 Oct to 23:06 on Fri 17 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3095, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-17T23:06:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T23:06:18Z", "ms": -890096021522.2338 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-18T20:40:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T20:40:39Z", "ms": -890018360526.7037 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-17T23:06:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T23:06:18Z", "ms": -890096021522.2338 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-18T20:40:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T20:40:39Z", "ms": -890018360526.7037 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-17T18:12:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T18:12:08Z", "ms": -890113672180.2936 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-17T19:49:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T19:49:31Z", "ms": -890107829121.1819 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-18T18:11:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T18:11:36Z", "ms": -890027303760.933 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-18T19:49:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T19:49:05Z", "ms": -890021455353.7853 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:06 on Fri 17 Oct to 20:41 on Sat 18 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-17T23:06:18Z → 1941-10-18T20:40:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:12–19:50 on the 17th, 18:12–19:49 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 17th and 97 of 97 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3095 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yama Dīpadāna 1941 falls on Saturday 18 October. Trayodaśī runs from 23:06 on Fri 17 Oct to 20:41 on Sat 18 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-10-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3095, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-17T23:06:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T23:06:18Z", "ms": -890096021522.2338 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-18T20:40:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T20:40:39Z", "ms": -890018360526.7037 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-17T23:06:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T23:06:18Z", "ms": -890096021522.2338 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-18T20:40:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T20:40:39Z", "ms": -890018360526.7037 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-17T18:12:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T18:12:08Z", "ms": -890113672180.2936 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-17T19:49:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-17T19:49:31Z", "ms": -890107829121.1819 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-18T18:11:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T18:11:36Z", "ms": -890027303760.933 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-18T19:49:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T19:49:05Z", "ms": -890021455353.7853 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:06 on Fri 17 Oct to 20:41 on Sat 18 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-17T23:06:18Z → 1941-10-18T20:40:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:12–19:50 on the 17th, 18:12–19:49 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 17th and 97 of 97 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3095 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Saturday 18 October. Trayodaśī runs from 23:06 on Fri 17 Oct to 20:41 on Sat 18 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-10-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-10-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11548, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-18T20:40:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T20:40:39Z", "ms": -890018360526.7037 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-19T17:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T17:42:06Z", "ms": -889942674349.3776 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-18T20:40:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T20:40:39Z", "ms": -890018360526.7037 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-19T17:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T17:42:06Z", "ms": -889942674349.3776 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-18T23:53:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T23:53:08Z", "ms": -890006812234.129 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-19T00:41:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T00:41:08Z", "ms": -890003932234.129 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-19T23:52:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T23:52:57Z", "ms": -889920423135.1842 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-20T00:40:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T00:40:57Z", "ms": -889917543135.1842 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:41 on Sat 18 Oct to 17:42 on Sun 19 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-18T20:40:39Z → 1941-10-19T17:42:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:53–00:41 on the 18th, 23:53–00:41 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11548 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1941 falls on Saturday 18 October. Caturdaśī runs from 20:41 on Sat 18 Oct to 17:42 on Sun 19 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-10-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29071, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-18T20:40:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T20:40:39Z", "ms": -890018360526.7037 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-19T17:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T17:42:06Z", "ms": -889942674349.3776 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-18T20:40:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-18T20:40:39Z", "ms": -890018360526.7037 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-19T17:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T17:42:06Z", "ms": -889942674349.3776 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-19T04:45:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T04:45:11Z", "ms": -889989289114.4728 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-19T06:22:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T06:22:39Z", "ms": -889983440707.3251 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-20T04:45:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T04:45:15Z", "ms": -889902885373.7628 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-20T06:22:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T06:22:48Z", "ms": -889897031642.3368 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:41 on Sat 18 Oct to 17:42 on Sun 19 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-18T20:40:39Z → 1941-10-19T17:42:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:45–06:23 on the 19th, 04:45–06:23 on the 20th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 97 of 97 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 98 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29071 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1941 falls on Sunday 19 October. Caturdaśī runs from 20:41 on Sat 18 Oct to 17:42 on Sun 19 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1740, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1941-10-19T17:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T17:42:06Z", "ms": -889942674349.3776 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-20T14:19:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z", "ms": -889868416781.431 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-19T17:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T17:42:06Z", "ms": -889942674349.3776 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-20T14:19:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z", "ms": -889868416781.431 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-19T18:11:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T18:11:05Z", "ms": -889940934628.0316 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-19T19:48:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T19:48:39Z", "ms": -889935080896.6056 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-20T18:10:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T18:10:35Z", "ms": -889854564764.6798 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-20T19:48:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T19:48:14Z", "ms": -889848705734.1671 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 17:42 on Sun 19 Oct to 14:20 on Mon 20 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-19T17:42:06Z → 1941-10-20T14:19:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:11–19:49 on the 19th, 18:11–19:48 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 98 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1740 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1941 falls on Sunday 19 October. Amāvasyā runs from 17:42 on Sun 19 Oct to 14:20 on Mon 20 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22251, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1941-10-19T17:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T17:42:06Z", "ms": -889942674349.3776 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-20T14:19:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z", "ms": -889868416781.431 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-19T17:42:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T17:42:06Z", "ms": -889942674349.3776 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-20T14:19:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z", "ms": -889868416781.431 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-19T23:52:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-19T23:52:57Z", "ms": -889920423135.1842 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-20T00:40:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T00:40:57Z", "ms": -889917543135.1842 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-20T23:52:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T23:52:47Z", "ms": -889834033400.2573 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-21T00:40:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T00:40:47Z", "ms": -889831153400.2573 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 17:42 on Sun 19 Oct to 14:20 on Mon 20 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-19T17:42:06Z → 1941-10-20T14:19:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:53–00:41 on the 19th, 23:53–00:41 on the 20th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22251 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kālī Pūjā 1941 falls on Sunday 19 October. Amāvasyā runs from 17:42 on Sun 19 Oct to 14:20 on Mon 20 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13852, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1941-10-20T14:19:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z", "ms": -889868416781.431 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-21T10:43:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T10:43:34Z", "ms": -889794985744.5677 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-20T14:19:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z", "ms": -889868416781.431 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-21T10:43:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T10:43:34Z", "ms": -889794985744.5677 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-20T18:10:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T18:10:35Z", "ms": -889854564764.6798 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-20T19:48:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T19:48:14Z", "ms": -889848705734.1671 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-21T18:10:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T18:10:06Z", "ms": -889768194154.8932 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-21T19:47:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T19:47:50Z", "ms": -889762329851.9326 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 14:20 on Mon 20 Oct to 10:44 on Tue 21 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z → 1941-10-21T10:43:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:11–19:48 on the 20th, 18:10–19:48 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 98 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13852 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Bamako, 1941: Monday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bali Pūjā 1941 falls on Monday 20 October. Pratipadā runs from 14:20 on Mon 20 Oct to 10:44 on Tue 21 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4138, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1941-10-20T14:19:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z", "ms": -889868416781.431 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-21T10:43:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T10:43:34Z", "ms": -889794985744.5677 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-20T14:19:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z", "ms": -889868416781.431 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-21T10:43:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T10:43:34Z", "ms": -889794985744.5677 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-20T11:52:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T11:52:42Z", "ms": -889877238203.5083 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-20T12:40:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T12:40:42Z", "ms": -889874358203.5083 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-21T11:52:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T11:52:32Z", "ms": -889790848095.364 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-21T12:40:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T12:40:32Z", "ms": -889787968095.364 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 14:20 on Mon 20 Oct to 10:44 on Tue 21 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z → 1941-10-21T10:43:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 20th, 11:53–12:41 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 4138 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Govardhana Pūjā 1941 falls on Tuesday 21 October. Pratipadā runs from 14:20 on Mon 20 Oct to 10:44 on Tue 21 Oct, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4138, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1941-10-21T10:43:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T10:43:34Z", "ms": -889794985744.5677 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-22T07:04:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-22T07:04:06Z", "ms": -889721753618.3329 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-21T10:43:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T10:43:34Z", "ms": -889794985744.5677 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-22T07:04:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-22T07:04:06Z", "ms": -889721753618.3329 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-21T11:52:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T11:52:32Z", "ms": -889790848095.364 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-21T12:40:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T12:40:32Z", "ms": -889787968095.364 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-22T11:52:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-22T11:52:23Z", "ms": -889704457332.8972 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-22T12:40:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-22T12:40:23Z", "ms": -889701577332.8972 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 10:44 on Tue 21 Oct to 07:04 on Wed 22 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-21T10:43:34Z → 1941-10-22T07:04:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 21st, 11:52–12:40 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4138 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1941 falls on Tuesday 21 October. Dvitīyā runs from 10:44 on Tue 21 Oct to 07:04 on Wed 22 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1494, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1941-10-20T14:19:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z", "ms": -889868416781.431 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-21T10:43:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T10:43:34Z", "ms": -889794985744.5677 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-20T14:19:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z", "ms": -889868416781.431 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-21T10:43:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T10:43:34Z", "ms": -889794985744.5677 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-20T06:22:48+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T06:22:48Z", "ms": -889897031642.3368 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-20T10:18:44+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-20T10:18:44Z", "ms": -889882876016.4512 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 236, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-21T06:22:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T06:22:58Z", "ms": -889810622035.8347 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-21T10:18:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-21T10:18:41Z", "ms": -889796479408.8542 } }, "covered_min": 236, "window_min": 236, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 14:20 on Mon 20 Oct to 10:44 on Tue 21 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-20T14:19:43Z → 1941-10-21T10:43:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:23–10:19 on the 20th, 06:23–10:19 on the 21st.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 236 minutes on the 20th and 236 of 236 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1494 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Dyūta Pratipad 1941 falls on Tuesday 21 October. Pratipadā runs from 14:20 on Mon 20 Oct to 10:44 on Tue 21 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30028, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-23T03:31:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-23T03:31:46Z", "ms": -889648093816.8219 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-24T00:16:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-24T00:16:33Z", "ms": -889573407051.3683 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-23T03:31:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-23T03:31:46Z", "ms": -889648093816.8219 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-24T00:16:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-24T00:16:33Z", "ms": -889573407051.3683 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-23T11:52:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-23T11:52:14Z", "ms": -889618065905.9362 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-23T12:40:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-23T12:40:14Z", "ms": -889615185905.9362 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-24T11:52:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-24T11:52:06Z", "ms": -889531673803.968 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-24T12:40:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-24T12:40:06Z", "ms": -889528793803.968 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:32 on Thu 23 Oct to 00:17 on Fri 24 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-23T03:31:46Z → 1941-10-24T00:16:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 23rd, 11:52–12:40 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30028 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nāga Caturthī 1941 falls on Thursday 23 October. Caturthī runs from 03:32 on Thu 23 Oct to 00:17 on Fri 24 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-10-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30028, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-23T03:31:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-23T03:31:46Z", "ms": -889648093816.8219 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-24T00:16:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-24T00:16:33Z", "ms": -889573407051.3683 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-23T03:31:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-23T03:31:46Z", "ms": -889648093816.8219 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-24T00:16:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-24T00:16:33Z", "ms": -889573407051.3683 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-23T11:52:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-23T11:52:14Z", "ms": -889618065905.9362 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-23T12:40:14+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-23T12:40:14Z", "ms": -889615185905.9362 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-24T11:52:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-24T11:52:06Z", "ms": -889531673803.968 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-24T12:40:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-24T12:40:06Z", "ms": -889528793803.968 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:32 on Thu 23 Oct to 00:17 on Fri 24 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-23T03:31:46Z → 1941-10-24T00:16:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 23rd, 11:52–12:40 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30028 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1941 falls on Thursday 23 October. Caturthī runs from 03:32 on Thu 23 Oct to 00:17 on Fri 24 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-10-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23531, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-24T21:27:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-24T21:27:30Z", "ms": -889497150283.6805 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-25T19:12:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-25T19:12:10Z", "ms": -889418869539.7579 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-24T21:27:30+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-24T21:27:30Z", "ms": -889497150283.6805 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-25T19:12:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-25T19:12:10Z", "ms": -889418869539.7579 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-24T11:52:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-24T11:52:06Z", "ms": -889531673803.968 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-24T12:40:06+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-24T12:40:06Z", "ms": -889528793803.968 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-25T11:51:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-25T11:51:59Z", "ms": -889445281015.7976 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-25T12:39:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-25T12:39:59Z", "ms": -889442401015.7976 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:27 on Fri 24 Oct to 19:12 on Sat 25 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-24T21:27:30Z → 1941-10-25T19:12:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 24th, 11:52–12:40 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23531 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1941 falls on Saturday 25 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:27 on Fri 24 Oct to 19:12 on Sat 25 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14544, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-26T17:36:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-26T17:36:05Z", "ms": -889338234527.1854 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-27T16:42:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-27T16:42:11Z", "ms": -889255068897.4823 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-26T17:36:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-26T17:36:05Z", "ms": -889338234527.1854 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-27T16:42:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-27T16:42:11Z", "ms": -889255068897.4823 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-26T11:51:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-26T11:51:52Z", "ms": -889358887529.4268 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-26T12:39:52+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-26T12:39:52Z", "ms": -889356007529.4268 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-27T11:51:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-27T11:51:47Z", "ms": -889272493332.135 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-27T12:39:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-27T12:39:47Z", "ms": -889269613332.135 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:36 on Sun 26 Oct to 16:42 on Mon 27 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-26T17:36:05Z → 1941-10-27T16:42:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 26th, 11:52–12:40 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14544 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gopāṣṭamī 1941 falls on Monday 27 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:36 on Sun 26 Oct to 16:42 on Mon 27 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22319, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-27T16:42:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-27T16:42:11Z", "ms": -889255068897.4823 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-28T16:30:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-28T16:30:33Z", "ms": -889169366684.6815 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-27T16:42:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-27T16:42:11Z", "ms": -889255068897.4823 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-28T16:30:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-28T16:30:33Z", "ms": -889169366684.6815 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-27T06:24:07+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-27T06:24:07Z", "ms": -889292152746.1677 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-27T10:18:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-27T10:18:34Z", "ms": -889278086470.1459 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 234, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-28T06:24:21+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-28T06:24:21Z", "ms": -889205739203.5203 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-28T10:18:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-28T10:18:35Z", "ms": -889191685341.6252 } }, "covered_min": 234, "window_min": 234, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 16:42 on Mon 27 Oct to 16:31 on Tue 28 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-27T16:42:11Z → 1941-10-28T16:30:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:24–10:19 on the 27th, 06:24–10:19 on the 28th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 234 minutes on the 27th and 234 of 234 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22319 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1941 falls on Tuesday 28 October. Navamī runs from 16:42 on Mon 27 Oct to 16:31 on Tue 28 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13852, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-27T16:42:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-27T16:42:11Z", "ms": -889255068897.4823 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-28T16:30:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-28T16:30:33Z", "ms": -889169366684.6815 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-27T16:42:11+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-27T16:42:11Z", "ms": -889255068897.4823 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-28T16:30:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-28T16:30:33Z", "ms": -889169366684.6815 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-27T11:51:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-27T11:51:47Z", "ms": -889272493332.135 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-27T12:39:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-27T12:39:47Z", "ms": -889269613332.135 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-28T11:51:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-28T11:51:42Z", "ms": -889186098410.6777 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-28T12:39:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-28T12:39:42Z", "ms": -889183218410.6777 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 16:42 on Mon 27 Oct to 16:31 on Tue 28 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-27T16:42:11Z → 1941-10-28T16:30:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 27th, 11:52–12:40 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13852 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Durgā Navamī 1941 falls on Tuesday 28 October. Navamī runs from 16:42 on Mon 27 Oct to 16:31 on Tue 28 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-10-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38039, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-29T16:58:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-29T16:58:34Z", "ms": -889081285615.2651 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-30T18:01:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-30T18:01:26Z", "ms": -888991113649.7009 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-29T16:58:34+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-29T16:58:34Z", "ms": -889081285615.2651 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-30T18:01:26+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-30T18:01:26Z", "ms": -888991113649.7009 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-29T06:24:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-29T06:24:35Z", "ms": -889119325072.722 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-29T06:24:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-29T06:24:35Z", "ms": -889119325072.722 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-30T06:24:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-30T06:24:50Z", "ms": -889032910346.2675 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-30T06:24:50+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-30T06:24:50Z", "ms": -889032910346.2675 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:59 on Wed 29 Oct to 18:01 on Thu 30 Oct.", "fact": "1941-10-29T16:58:34Z → 1941-10-30T18:01:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:25 on the 29th and 06:25 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38039 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Thursday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Thursday 30 October. Ekādaśī runs from 16:59 on Wed 29 Oct to 18:01 on Thu 30 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-11-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 687, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-10-31T19:33:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-31T19:33:05Z", "ms": -888899215081.1567 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-01T21:27:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-01T21:27:08Z", "ms": -888805971699.5858 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-10-31T19:33:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-31T19:33:05Z", "ms": -888899215081.1567 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-01T21:27:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-01T21:27:08Z", "ms": -888805971699.5858 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-10-31T18:05:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-31T18:05:57Z", "ms": -888904443314.9729 }, "end": { "local": "1941-10-31T19:44:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-10-31T19:44:32Z", "ms": -888898528083.2926 } }, "covered_min": 11, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-01T18:05:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-01T18:05:37Z", "ms": -888818063348.2178 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-01T19:44:17+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-01T19:44:17Z", "ms": -888812143237.9839 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:33 on Fri 31 Oct to 21:27 on Sat 1 Nov.", "fact": "1941-10-31T19:33:05Z → 1941-11-01T21:27:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:06–19:45 on the 31st, 18:06–19:44 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 11 of 99 minutes on the 31st and 99 of 99 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 687 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Saturday 1 November. Trayodaśī runs from 19:33 on Fri 31 Oct to 21:27 on Sat 1 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 11 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-11-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35506, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-11-02T23:37:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-02T23:37:43Z", "ms": -888711737266.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-04T01:59:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-04T01:59:42Z", "ms": -888616818248.9102 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-02T23:37:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-02T23:37:43Z", "ms": -888711737266.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-04T01:59:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-04T01:59:42Z", "ms": -888616818248.9102 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-03T11:51:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-03T11:51:27Z", "ms": -888667712922.56 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-03T12:39:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-03T12:39:27Z", "ms": -888664832922.56 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-04T11:51:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-04T11:51:27Z", "ms": -888581312561.8113 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-04T12:39:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-04T12:39:27Z", "ms": -888578432561.8113 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:38 on Sun 2 Nov to 02:00 on Tue 4 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-02T23:37:43Z → 1941-11-04T01:59:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 3rd, 11:51–12:39 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35506 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1941: Monday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1941 falls on Monday 3 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:38 on Sun 2 Nov to 02:00 on Tue 4 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 833, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-11-02T23:37:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-02T23:37:43Z", "ms": -888711737266.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-04T01:59:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-04T01:59:42Z", "ms": -888616818248.9102 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-02T23:37:43+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-02T23:37:43Z", "ms": -888711737266.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-04T01:59:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-04T01:59:42Z", "ms": -888616818248.9102 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-02T23:51:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-02T23:51:36Z", "ms": -888710903879.9749 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-03T00:39:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-03T00:39:36Z", "ms": -888708023879.9749 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-03T23:51:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-03T23:51:36Z", "ms": -888624504019.8232 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-04T00:39:36+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-04T00:39:36Z", "ms": -888621624019.8232 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:38 on Sun 2 Nov to 02:00 on Tue 4 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-02T23:37:43Z → 1941-11-04T01:59:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 2nd, 23:52–00:40 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 833 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Bamako, 1941: Monday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rāsayātrā 1941 falls on Monday 3 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:38 on Sun 2 Nov to 02:00 on Tue 4 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the previous night for 48 minutes; by the rule the second night is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-11-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35587, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-11-07T09:28:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-07T09:28:55Z", "ms": -888330665057.2571 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-08T11:49:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-08T11:49:02Z", "ms": -888235857550.8027 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-07T09:28:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-07T09:28:55Z", "ms": -888330665057.2571 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-08T11:49:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-08T11:49:02Z", "ms": -888235857550.8027 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-07T20:54:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-07T20:54:13Z", "ms": -888289546781.6752 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-07T20:54:13+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-07T20:54:13Z", "ms": -888289546781.6752 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-08T21:42:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-08T21:42:09Z", "ms": -888200270894.0939 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-08T21:42:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-08T21:42:09Z", "ms": -888200270894.0939 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:29 on Fri 7 Nov to 11:49 on Sat 8 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-07T09:28:55Z → 1941-11-08T11:49:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:54 on the 7th and 21:42 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35587 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Friday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1941 falls on Friday 7 November. Caturthī runs from 09:29 on Fri 7 Nov to 11:49 on Sat 8 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-11-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-11-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25049, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-11-14T15:25:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-14T15:25:29Z", "ms": -887704471125.4491 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-15T13:27:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-15T13:27:39Z", "ms": -887625140595.7546 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-14T15:25:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-14T15:25:29Z", "ms": -887704471125.4491 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-15T13:27:39+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-15T13:27:39Z", "ms": -887625140595.7546 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-14T06:29:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-14T06:29:45Z", "ms": -887736614652.2434 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-14T06:29:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-14T06:29:45Z", "ms": -887736614652.2434 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-15T06:30:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-15T06:30:10Z", "ms": -887650189942.3452 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-15T06:30:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-15T06:30:10Z", "ms": -887650189942.3452 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:25 on Fri 14 Nov to 13:28 on Sat 15 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-14T15:25:29Z → 1941-11-15T13:27:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:30 on the 14th and 06:30 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25049 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 15 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Saturday 15 November. Ekādaśī runs from 15:25 on Fri 14 Nov to 13:28 on Sat 15 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-11-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-11-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26074, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-11-16T10:48:07+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-16T10:48:07Z", "ms": -887548312673.9185 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-17T07:34:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-17T07:34:24Z", "ms": -887473535989.7517 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-16T10:48:07+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-16T10:48:07Z", "ms": -887548312673.9185 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-17T07:34:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-17T07:34:24Z", "ms": -887473535989.7517 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-16T18:02:41+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-16T18:02:41Z", "ms": -887522239154.2445 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-16T19:42:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-16T19:42:28Z", "ms": -887516252436.1433 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-17T18:02:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-17T18:02:38Z", "ms": -887435842022.2051 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-17T19:42:29+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-17T19:42:29Z", "ms": -887429851397.4797 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:48 on Sun 16 Nov to 07:34 on Mon 17 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-16T10:48:07Z → 1941-11-17T07:34:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:03–19:42 on the 16th, 18:03–19:42 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 100 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26074 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 16 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Sunday 16 November. Trayodaśī runs from 10:48 on Sun 16 Nov to 07:34 on Mon 17 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-11-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-11-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11695, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-11-17T07:34:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-17T07:34:24Z", "ms": -887473535989.7517 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-18T03:55:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-18T03:55:58Z", "ms": -887400242390.7568 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-17T07:34:24+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-17T07:34:24Z", "ms": -887473535989.7517 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-18T03:55:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-18T03:55:58Z", "ms": -887400242390.7568 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-16T23:52:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-16T23:52:51Z", "ms": -887501228961.3652 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-17T00:40:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-17T00:40:51Z", "ms": -887498348961.3652 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-17T23:53:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-17T23:53:03Z", "ms": -887414817179.4851 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-18T00:41:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-18T00:41:03Z", "ms": -887411937179.4851 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 07:34 on Mon 17 Nov to 03:56 on Tue 18 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-17T07:34:24Z → 1941-11-18T03:55:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:53–00:41 on the 16th, 23:53–00:41 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11695 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1941: Monday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1941 falls on Monday 17 November. Caturdaśī runs from 07:34 on Mon 17 Nov to 03:56 on Tue 18 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-11-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6542, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1941-11-22T10:04:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-22T10:04:58Z", "ms": -887032502336.7001 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-23T07:52:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-23T07:52:02Z", "ms": -886954078473.4534 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-22T10:04:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-22T10:04:58Z", "ms": -887032502336.7001 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-23T07:52:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-23T07:52:02Z", "ms": -886954078473.4534 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-22T11:54:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-22T11:54:00Z", "ms": -887025960439.1553 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-22T12:42:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-22T12:42:00Z", "ms": -887023080439.1553 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-23T11:54:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-23T11:54:16Z", "ms": -886939544056.4321 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-23T12:42:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-23T12:42:16Z", "ms": -886936664056.4321 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:05 on Sat 22 Nov to 07:52 on Sun 23 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-22T10:04:58Z → 1941-11-23T07:52:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 22nd, 11:54–12:42 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6542 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Bamako, 1941: Saturday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1941 falls on Saturday 22 November. Pañcamī runs from 10:05 on Sat 22 Nov to 07:52 on Sun 23 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-11-22", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 998, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-11-21T12:58:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-21T12:58:22Z", "ms": -887108497959.6675 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-22T10:04:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-22T10:04:58Z", "ms": -887032502336.7001 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-21T12:58:22+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-21T12:58:22Z", "ms": -887108497959.6675 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-22T10:04:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-22T10:04:58Z", "ms": -887032502336.7001 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-21T11:53:44+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-21T11:53:44Z", "ms": -887112376043.8628 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-21T12:41:44+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-21T12:41:44Z", "ms": -887109496043.8628 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-22T11:54:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-22T11:54:00Z", "ms": -887025960439.1553 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-22T12:42:00+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-22T12:42:00Z", "ms": -887023080439.1553 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:58 on Fri 21 Nov to 10:05 on Sat 22 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-21T12:58:22Z → 1941-11-22T10:04:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 21st, 11:54–12:42 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 998 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1941 falls on Saturday 22 November. Caturthī runs from 12:58 on Fri 21 Nov to 10:05 on Sat 22 Nov, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-11-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14534, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1941-11-23T07:52:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-23T07:52:02Z", "ms": -886954078473.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-24T06:26:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-24T06:26:15Z", "ms": -886872825413.2698 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-23T07:52:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-23T07:52:02Z", "ms": -886954078473.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-24T06:26:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-24T06:26:15Z", "ms": -886872825413.2698 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-23T11:54:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-23T11:54:16Z", "ms": -886939544056.4321 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-23T12:42:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-23T12:42:16Z", "ms": -886936664056.4321 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-24T11:54:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-24T11:54:33Z", "ms": -886853126909.751 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-24T12:42:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-24T12:42:33Z", "ms": -886850246909.751 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:52 on Sun 23 Nov to 06:26 on Mon 24 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-23T07:52:02Z → 1941-11-24T06:26:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 23rd, 11:55–12:43 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14534 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1941 falls on Sunday 23 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:52 on Sun 23 Nov to 06:26 on Mon 24 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14534, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1941-11-23T07:52:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-23T07:52:02Z", "ms": -886954078473.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-24T06:26:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-24T06:26:15Z", "ms": -886872825413.2698 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-23T07:52:02+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-23T07:52:02Z", "ms": -886954078473.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-24T06:26:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-24T06:26:15Z", "ms": -886872825413.2698 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-23T11:54:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-23T11:54:16Z", "ms": -886939544056.4321 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-23T12:42:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-23T12:42:16Z", "ms": -886936664056.4321 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-24T11:54:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-24T11:54:33Z", "ms": -886853126909.751 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-24T12:42:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-24T12:42:33Z", "ms": -886850246909.751 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:52 on Sun 23 Nov to 06:26 on Mon 24 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-23T07:52:02Z → 1941-11-24T06:26:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 23rd, 11:55–12:43 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14534 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1941 falls on Sunday 23 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:52 on Sun 23 Nov to 06:26 on Mon 24 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19699, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1941-11-24T06:26:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-24T06:26:15Z", "ms": -886872825413.2698 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-25T05:51:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-25T05:51:03Z", "ms": -886788537401.9817 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-24T06:26:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-24T06:26:15Z", "ms": -886872825413.2698 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-25T05:51:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-25T05:51:03Z", "ms": -886788537401.9817 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-24T11:54:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-24T11:54:33Z", "ms": -886853126909.751 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-24T12:42:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-24T12:42:33Z", "ms": -886850246909.751 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-25T11:54:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-25T11:54:51Z", "ms": -886766709013.0388 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-25T12:42:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-25T12:42:51Z", "ms": -886763829013.0388 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 06:26 on Mon 24 Nov to 05:51 on Tue 25 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-24T06:26:15Z → 1941-11-25T05:51:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 24th, 11:55–12:43 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19699 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Bamako, 1941: Monday 24 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mitra Saptamī 1941 falls on Monday 24 November. Saptamī runs from 06:26 on Mon 24 Nov to 05:51 on Tue 25 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-11-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7717, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-11-28T08:44:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-28T08:44:55Z", "ms": -886518905254.4286 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-29T10:51:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-29T10:51:12Z", "ms": -886424927726.4253 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-28T08:44:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-28T08:44:55Z", "ms": -886518905254.4286 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-29T10:51:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-29T10:51:12Z", "ms": -886424927726.4253 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-28T06:36:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-28T06:36:18Z", "ms": -886526622152.5073 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-28T06:36:18+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-28T06:36:18Z", "ms": -886526622152.5073 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-29T06:36:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-29T06:36:49Z", "ms": -886440191043.519 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-29T06:36:49+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-29T06:36:49Z", "ms": -886440191043.519 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:45 on Fri 28 Nov to 10:51 on Sat 29 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-28T08:44:55Z → 1941-11-29T10:51:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:36 on the 28th and 06:37 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7717 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Saturday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Saturday 29 November. Ekādaśī runs from 08:45 on Fri 28 Nov to 10:51 on Sat 29 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-11-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1837, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-11-29T10:51:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-29T10:51:12Z", "ms": -886424927726.4253 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-30T13:15:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-30T13:15:09Z", "ms": -886329891413.7742 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-29T10:51:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-29T10:51:12Z", "ms": -886424927726.4253 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-30T13:15:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-30T13:15:09Z", "ms": -886329891413.7742 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-29T11:56:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-29T11:56:10Z", "ms": -886421030211.0104 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-29T12:44:10+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-29T12:44:10Z", "ms": -886418150211.0104 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-30T11:56:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-30T11:56:31Z", "ms": -886334608782.3513 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-30T12:44:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-30T12:44:31Z", "ms": -886331728782.3513 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 10:51 on Sat 29 Nov to 13:15 on Sun 30 Nov.", "fact": "1941-11-29T10:51:12Z → 1941-11-30T13:15:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 29th, 11:57–12:45 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1837 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 30 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1941 falls on Sunday 30 November. Dvādaśī runs from 10:51 on Sat 29 Nov to 13:15 on Sun 30 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-11-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-11-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8181, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-11-30T13:15:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-30T13:15:09Z", "ms": -886329891413.7742 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-01T15:47:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-01T15:47:33Z", "ms": -886234346861.955 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-11-30T13:15:09+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-30T13:15:09Z", "ms": -886329891413.7742 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-01T15:47:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-01T15:47:33Z", "ms": -886234346861.955 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-11-30T18:03:42+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-30T18:03:42Z", "ms": -886312577919.2023 }, "end": { "local": "1941-11-30T19:44:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-11-30T19:44:15Z", "ms": -886306544594.311 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-01T18:03:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-01T18:03:55Z", "ms": -886226165407.7253 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-01T19:44:31+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-01T19:44:31Z", "ms": -886220129497.2681 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:15 on Sun 30 Nov to 15:48 on Mon 1 Dec.", "fact": "1941-11-30T13:15:09Z → 1941-12-01T15:47:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:04–19:44 on the 30th, 18:04–19:45 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 101 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8181 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 30 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Sunday 30 November. Trayodaśī runs from 13:15 on Sun 30 Nov to 15:48 on Mon 1 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-11-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-12-03", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1023, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1941-12-02T18:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-02T18:21:12Z", "ms": -886138728362.7761 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-03T20:50:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-03T20:50:51Z", "ms": -886043349261.115 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-12-02T18:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-02T18:21:12Z", "ms": -886138728362.7761 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-03T20:50:51+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-03T20:50:51Z", "ms": -886043349261.115 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-02T18:04:08+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-02T18:04:08Z", "ms": -886139751854.8712 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-02T19:44:47+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-02T19:44:47Z", "ms": -886133713469.054 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-03T18:04:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-03T18:04:23Z", "ms": -886053337272.5063 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-03T19:45:03+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-03T19:45:03Z", "ms": -886047296523.4357 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:21 on Tue 2 Dec to 20:51 on Wed 3 Dec.", "fact": "1941-12-02T18:21:12Z → 1941-12-03T20:50:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:04–19:45 on the 2nd, 18:04–19:45 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 84 of 101 minutes on the 2nd and 101 of 101 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1023 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Bamako, 1941: Wednesday 3 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-03", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-03", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1941 falls on Wednesday 3 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:21 on Tue 2 Dec to 20:51 on Wed 3 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 84 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-12-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-12-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24731, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-12-07T03:20:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-07T03:20:16Z", "ms": -885760784158.9532 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-08T04:57:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-08T04:57:54Z", "ms": -885668525520.8402 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-12-07T03:20:16+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-07T03:20:16Z", "ms": -885760784158.9532 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-08T04:57:54+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-08T04:57:54Z", "ms": -885668525520.8402 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-06T20:28:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-06T20:28:05Z", "ms": -885785515232.0319 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-06T20:28:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-06T20:28:05Z", "ms": -885785515232.0319 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-07T21:17:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-07T21:17:58Z", "ms": -885696122245.293 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-07T21:17:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-07T21:17:58Z", "ms": -885696122245.293 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:20 on Sun 7 Dec to 04:58 on Mon 8 Dec.", "fact": "1941-12-07T03:20:16Z → 1941-12-08T04:57:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:28 on the 6th and 21:18 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24731 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 7 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1941 falls on Sunday 7 December. Caturthī runs from 03:20 on Sun 7 Dec to 04:58 on Mon 8 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1941-12-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-12-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13053, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-12-14T03:07:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-14T03:07:23Z", "ms": -885156757203.9685 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-15T00:29:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-15T00:29:27Z", "ms": -885079833166.8593 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-12-14T03:07:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-14T03:07:23Z", "ms": -885156757203.9685 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-15T00:29:27+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-15T00:29:27Z", "ms": -885079833166.8593 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-14T06:44:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-14T06:44:55Z", "ms": -885143704523.1273 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-14T06:44:55+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-14T06:44:55Z", "ms": -885143704523.1273 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-15T06:45:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-15T06:45:28Z", "ms": -885057272100.2262 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-15T06:45:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-15T06:45:28Z", "ms": -885057272100.2262 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:07 on Sun 14 Dec to 00:29 on Mon 15 Dec.", "fact": "1941-12-14T03:07:23Z → 1941-12-15T00:29:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:45 on the 14th and 06:45 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13053 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Sunday 14 December. Ekādaśī runs from 03:07 on Sun 14 Dec to 00:29 on Mon 15 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-12-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-12-15", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1257, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-12-15T21:20:04+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-15T21:20:04Z", "ms": -885004795906.1948 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-16T17:48:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-16T17:48:01Z", "ms": -884931118529.7882 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-12-15T21:20:04+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-15T21:20:04Z", "ms": -885004795906.1948 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-16T17:48:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-16T17:48:01Z", "ms": -884931118529.7882 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-15T18:08:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-15T18:08:32Z", "ms": -885016287996.3872 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-15T19:49:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-15T19:49:32Z", "ms": -885010228246.3959 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-16T18:08:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-16T18:08:58Z", "ms": -884929861705.6844 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-16T19:49:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-16T19:49:59Z", "ms": -884923801195.1707 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:20 on Mon 15 Dec to 17:48 on Tue 16 Dec.", "fact": "1941-12-15T21:20:04Z → 1941-12-16T17:48:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:09–19:50 on the 15th, 18:09–19:50 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 101 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1257 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Monday 15 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-15", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Monday 15 December. Trayodaśī runs from 21:20 on Mon 15 Dec to 17:48 on Tue 16 Dec, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-12-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-12-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22544, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-12-16T17:48:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-16T17:48:01Z", "ms": -884931118529.7882 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-17T14:03:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-17T14:03:38Z", "ms": -884858182364.7135 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-12-16T17:48:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-16T17:48:01Z", "ms": -884931118529.7882 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-17T14:03:38+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-17T14:03:38Z", "ms": -884858182364.7135 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-17T00:03:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-17T00:03:45Z", "ms": -884908574791.2579 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-17T00:51:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-17T00:51:45Z", "ms": -884905694791.2579 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-18T00:04:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-18T00:04:15Z", "ms": -884822145430.5298 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-18T00:52:15+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-18T00:52:15Z", "ms": -884819265430.5298 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:48 on Tue 16 Dec to 14:04 on Wed 17 Dec.", "fact": "1941-12-16T17:48:01Z → 1941-12-17T14:03:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:04–00:52 on the 16th, 00:04–00:52 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22544 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1941 falls on Tuesday 16 December. Caturdaśī runs from 17:48 on Tue 16 Dec to 14:04 on Wed 17 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/shivaratri?on=1941-12-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-12-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-12-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35987, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1941-12-21T00:50:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-21T00:50:59Z", "ms": -884560141356.3218 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-21T22:53:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-21T22:53:45Z", "ms": -884480774882.0957 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-12-21T00:50:59+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-21T00:50:59Z", "ms": -884560141356.3218 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-21T22:53:45+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-21T22:53:45Z", "ms": -884480774882.0957 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-12-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-20T12:05:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-20T12:05:28Z", "ms": -884606071759.2942 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-20T12:53:28+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-20T12:53:28Z", "ms": -884603191759.2942 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1941-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-21T12:05:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-21T12:05:58Z", "ms": -884519641704.1819 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-21T12:53:58+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-21T12:53:58Z", "ms": -884516761704.1819 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:51 on Sun 21 Dec to 22:54 on Sun 21 Dec.", "fact": "1941-12-21T00:50:59Z → 1941-12-21T22:53:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 20th, 12:06–12:54 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35987 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 21 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1941 falls on Sunday 21 December. Caturthī runs from 00:51 on Sun 21 Dec to 22:54 on Sun 21 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1941-12-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-12-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-12-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1371, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-12-28T03:53:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-28T03:53:46Z", "ms": -883944374172.4487 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-29T06:29:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-29T06:29:32Z", "ms": -883848627684.2822 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-12-28T03:53:46+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-28T03:53:46Z", "ms": -883944374172.4487 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-29T06:29:32+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-29T06:29:32Z", "ms": -883848627684.2822 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-28T06:51:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-28T06:51:57Z", "ms": -883933682934.971 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-28T06:51:57+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-28T06:51:57Z", "ms": -883933682934.971 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-29T06:52:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-29T06:52:23Z", "ms": -883847256793.1396 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-29T06:52:23+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-29T06:52:23Z", "ms": -883847256793.1396 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:54 on Sun 28 Dec to 06:30 on Mon 29 Dec.", "fact": "1941-12-28T03:53:46Z → 1941-12-29T06:29:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:52 on the 28th and 06:52 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1371 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1941: Sunday 28 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Putradā Ekādaśī 1941 falls on Sunday 28 December. Ekādaśī runs from 03:54 on Sun 28 Dec to 06:30 on Mon 29 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/ekadashi?on=1941-12-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-12-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1941, "local_date": "1941-12-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24212, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1941-12-30T09:05:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-30T09:05:35Z", "ms": -883752865036.4916 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-31T11:33:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-31T11:33:05Z", "ms": -883657614619.7712 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1941-12-30T09:05:35+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-30T09:05:35Z", "ms": -883752865036.4916 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-31T11:33:05+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-31T11:33:05Z", "ms": -883657614619.7712 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1941-12-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-30T18:16:04+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-30T18:16:04Z", "ms": -883719835876.6133 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-30T19:57:01+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-30T19:57:01Z", "ms": -883713778645.5948 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1941-12-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1941-12-31T18:16:37+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-31T18:16:37Z", "ms": -883633402765.7117 }, "end": { "local": "1941-12-31T19:57:33+00:00", "utc": "1941-12-31T19:57:33Z", "ms": -883627346755.5609 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:06 on Tue 30 Dec to 11:33 on Wed 31 Dec.", "fact": "1941-12-30T09:05:35Z → 1941-12-31T11:33:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:16–19:57 on the 30th, 18:17–19:58 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 101 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24212 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1941: Tuesday 30 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1941-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1941 falls on Tuesday 30 December. Trayodaśī runs from 09:06 on Tue 30 Dec to 11:33 on Wed 31 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1941/pradosha-vrata?on=1941-12-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }