{ "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971", "place": { "id": "2460596", "slug": "bamako", "name": "Bamako", "region": "Mali", "country": "ML", "lat": 12.60915, "lon": -7.97522, "elevation_m": 374, "tz": "Africa/Bamako" }, "year": 1971, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-01-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20245, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-01-06T13:22:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-06T13:22:55Z", "ms": 32016175476.26278 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-07T12:33:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-07T12:33:06Z", "ms": 32099585987.341198 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-01-06T13:22:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-06T13:22:55Z", "ms": 32016175476.26278 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-07T12:33:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-07T12:33:06Z", "ms": 32099585987.341198 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-06T06:55:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-06T06:55:22Z", "ms": 31992922139.96291 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-06T06:55:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-06T06:55:22Z", "ms": 31992922139.96291 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-07T06:55:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-07T06:55:41Z", "ms": 32079341137.214233 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-07T06:55:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-07T06:55:41Z", "ms": 32079341137.214233 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:23 on Wed 6 Jan to 12:33 on Thu 7 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-06T13:22:55Z → 1971-01-07T12:33:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:55 on the 6th and 06:56 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20245 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Putradā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Thursday 7 January. Ekādaśī runs from 13:23 on Wed 6 Jan to 12:33 on Thu 7 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-01-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22519, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-01-08T12:05:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-08T12:05:44Z", "ms": 32184343956.05981 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-09T12:02:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-09T12:02:59Z", "ms": 32270578728.41194 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-01-08T12:05:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-08T12:05:44Z", "ms": 32184343956.05981 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-09T12:02:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-09T12:02:59Z", "ms": 32270578728.41194 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-08T18:21:03+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-08T18:21:03Z", "ms": 32206862665.83294 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-08T20:01:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-08T20:01:44Z", "ms": 32212904485.59623 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-09T18:21:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-09T18:21:36Z", "ms": 32293296220.827034 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-09T20:02:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-09T20:02:16Z", "ms": 32299335719.564575 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:06 on Fri 8 Jan to 12:03 on Sat 9 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-08T12:05:44Z → 1971-01-09T12:02:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:21–20:02 on the 8th, 18:22–20:02 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 101 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22519 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Friday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Friday 8 January. Trayodaśī runs from 12:06 on Fri 8 Jan to 12:03 on Sat 9 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41273, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T06:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z", "ms": 32684188726.665817 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-12T19:54:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-12T19:54:47Z", "ms": 35236487235.08237 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T06:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z", "ms": 32684188726.665817 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-14T06:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z", "ms": 32684188726.665817 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-13T18:23:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-13T18:23:49Z", "ms": 32639028938.42094 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-14T18:24:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T18:24:22Z", "ms": 32725461613.87474 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T18:24:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T18:24:22Z", "ms": 32725461613.87474 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-15T18:24:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-15T18:24:54Z", "ms": 32811894038.519157 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1971-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 06:56 on Thu 14 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:24, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:25.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 41273 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Thursday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1971-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1971-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bhogi 1971 falls on Wednesday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Thursday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 06:56 on Thu 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 12 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41273, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T06:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z", "ms": 32684188726.665817 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-12T19:54:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-12T19:54:47Z", "ms": 35236487235.08237 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T06:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z", "ms": 32684188726.665817 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-14T06:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z", "ms": 32684188726.665817 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-13T18:23:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-13T18:23:49Z", "ms": 32639028938.42094 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-14T18:24:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T18:24:22Z", "ms": 32725461613.87474 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T18:24:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T18:24:22Z", "ms": 32725461613.87474 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-15T18:24:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-15T18:24:54Z", "ms": 32811894038.519157 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 06:56 on Thu 14 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:24, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:25.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 41273 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1971-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1971-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Pongal 1971 falls on Thursday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 06:56 on Thu 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24989, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T06:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z", "ms": 32684188726.665817 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-12T19:54:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-12T19:54:47Z", "ms": 35236487235.08237 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T06:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z", "ms": 32684188726.665817 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-14T06:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z", "ms": 32684188726.665817 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-13T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-13T00:00:00Z", "ms": 32572800000 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-14T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T00:00:00Z", "ms": 32659200000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T00:00:00Z", "ms": 32659200000 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-15T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ms": 32745600000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 06:56 on Thu 14 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Bamako.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Africa/Bamako" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 24989 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1971-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1971-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Makara Saṅkrānti 1971 falls on Thursday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 06:56 on Thu 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-01-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1027, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T18:52:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T18:52:52Z", "ms": 32727172169.82021 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-15T21:28:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-15T21:28:39Z", "ms": 32822919058.994305 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T18:52:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T18:52:52Z", "ms": 32727172169.82021 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-15T21:28:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-15T21:28:39Z", "ms": 32822919058.994305 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T21:00:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T21:00:38Z", "ms": 32734837708.742558 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-14T21:00:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T21:00:38Z", "ms": 32734837708.742558 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-15T21:45:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-15T21:45:46Z", "ms": 32823946288.986183 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-15T21:45:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-15T21:45:46Z", "ms": 32823946288.986183 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:53 on Thu 14 Jan to 21:29 on Fri 15 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-14T18:52:52Z → 1971-01-15T21:28:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:01 on the 14th and 21:46 on the 15th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1027 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1971 falls on Thursday 14 January. Caturthī runs from 18:53 on Thu 14 Jan to 21:29 on Fri 15 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-01-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41273, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T06:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z", "ms": 32684188726.665817 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-12T19:54:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-12T19:54:47Z", "ms": 35236487235.08237 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T06:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z", "ms": 32684188726.665817 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-14T06:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z", "ms": 32684188726.665817 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-13T18:23:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-13T18:23:49Z", "ms": 32639028938.42094 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-14T18:24:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T18:24:22Z", "ms": 32725461613.87474 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-14T18:24:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-14T18:24:22Z", "ms": 32725461613.87474 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-15T18:24:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-15T18:24:54Z", "ms": 32811894038.519157 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1971-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 06:56 on Thu 14 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-14T06:56:29Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 18:24, and the day of the 15th ends at 18:25.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 41273 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Thursday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Bamako, 1971: Friday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1971-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1971-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mattu Pongal 1971 falls on Friday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Thursday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 06:56 on Thu 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-01-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2833, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-01-22T08:18:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-22T08:18:21Z", "ms": 33380301138.65393 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-23T07:45:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-23T07:45:42Z", "ms": 33464741852.311245 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-01-22T08:18:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-22T08:18:21Z", "ms": 33380301138.65393 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-23T07:45:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-23T07:45:42Z", "ms": 33464741852.311245 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-22T06:58:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-22T06:58:27Z", "ms": 33375506668.936317 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-22T06:58:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-22T06:58:27Z", "ms": 33375506668.936317 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-23T06:58:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-23T06:58:29Z", "ms": 33461909305.097782 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-23T06:58:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-23T06:58:29Z", "ms": 33461909305.097782 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:18 on Fri 22 Jan to 07:46 on Sat 23 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-22T08:18:21Z → 1971-01-23T07:45:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:58 on the 22nd and 06:58 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2833 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Saturday 23 January. Ekādaśī runs from 08:18 on Fri 22 Jan to 07:46 on Sat 23 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-01-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-01-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29808, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-01-24T06:26:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-24T06:26:24Z", "ms": 33546384001.50116 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-25T04:26:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-25T04:26:11Z", "ms": 33625570738.914764 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-01-24T06:26:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-24T06:26:24Z", "ms": 33546384001.50116 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-25T04:26:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-25T04:26:11Z", "ms": 33625570738.914764 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-23T18:29:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-23T18:29:02Z", "ms": 33503341665.13686 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-23T20:08:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-23T20:08:58Z", "ms": 33509337557.40792 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-24T18:29:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-24T18:29:31Z", "ms": 33589770821.813595 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-24T20:09:23+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-24T20:09:23Z", "ms": 33595762888.431793 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:26 on Sun 24 Jan to 04:26 on Mon 25 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-24T06:26:24Z → 1971-01-25T04:26:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:29–20:09 on the 23rd, 18:30–20:09 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 23rd and 100 of 100 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29808 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Sunday 24 January. Trayodaśī runs from 06:26 on Sun 24 Jan to 04:26 on Mon 25 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-01-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3149, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-01-25T04:26:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-25T04:26:11Z", "ms": 33625570738.914764 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-26T01:52:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-26T01:52:47Z", "ms": 33702767131.4917 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-01-25T04:26:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-25T04:26:11Z", "ms": 33625570738.914764 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-26T01:52:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-26T01:52:47Z", "ms": 33702767131.4917 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-25T05:18:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-25T05:18:39Z", "ms": 33628719254.83188 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-25T06:58:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-25T06:58:31Z", "ms": 33634711321.450077 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-26T05:18:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-26T05:18:43Z", "ms": 33715122536.266068 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-26T06:58:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-26T06:58:31Z", "ms": 33721110694.32605 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:26 on Mon 25 Jan to 01:53 on Tue 26 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-25T04:26:11Z → 1971-01-26T01:52:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:19–06:59 on the 25th, 05:19–06:59 on the 26th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 100 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3149 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Bamako, 1971: Monday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yama Tarpaṇa 1971 falls on Monday 25 January. Caturdaśī runs from 04:26 on Mon 25 Jan to 01:53 on Tue 26 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-01-25", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2672, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-01-25T04:26:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-25T04:26:11Z", "ms": 33625570738.914764 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-26T01:52:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-26T01:52:47Z", "ms": 33702767131.4917 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-01-25T04:26:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-25T04:26:11Z", "ms": 33625570738.914764 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-26T01:52:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-26T01:52:47Z", "ms": 33702767131.4917 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-25T00:20:01+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-25T00:20:01Z", "ms": 33610801071.631836 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-25T01:08:01+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-25T01:08:01Z", "ms": 33613681071.631836 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-26T00:20:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-26T00:20:15Z", "ms": 33697215101.601112 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-26T01:08:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-26T01:08:15Z", "ms": 33700095101.601112 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:26 on Mon 25 Jan to 01:53 on Tue 26 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-25T04:26:11Z → 1971-01-26T01:52:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:20–01:08 on the 24th, 00:20–01:08 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2672 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1971: Monday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1971 falls on Monday 25 January. Caturdaśī runs from 04:26 on Mon 25 Jan to 01:53 on Tue 26 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-01-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19329, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-01-29T13:09:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-29T13:09:41Z", "ms": 34002580583.97979 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-30T10:06:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T10:06:32Z", "ms": 34077992235.406322 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-01-29T13:09:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-29T13:09:41Z", "ms": 34002580583.97979 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-30T10:06:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T10:06:32Z", "ms": 34077992235.406322 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-29T18:31:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-29T18:31:49Z", "ms": 34021909151.480167 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-29T20:11:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-29T20:11:21Z", "ms": 34027880893.477856 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-30T18:32:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T18:32:15Z", "ms": 34108335193.39026 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-30T20:11:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T20:11:43Z", "ms": 34114302647.868805 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:10 on Fri 29 Jan to 10:07 on Sat 30 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-29T13:09:41Z → 1971-01-30T10:06:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:32–20:11 on the 29th, 18:32–20:12 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 99 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19329 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Friday 29 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Tila Caturthī 1971 falls on Friday 29 January. Caturthī runs from 13:10 on Fri 29 Jan to 10:07 on Sat 30 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8084, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1971-01-30T10:06:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T10:06:32Z", "ms": 34077992235.406322 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-31T07:22:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-31T07:22:17Z", "ms": 34154537333.530132 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-01-30T10:06:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T10:06:32Z", "ms": 34077992235.406322 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-31T07:22:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-31T07:22:17Z", "ms": 34154537333.530132 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-30T12:21:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T12:21:16Z", "ms": 34086076204.926544 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-30T13:09:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T13:09:16Z", "ms": 34088956204.926544 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-31T12:21:26+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-31T12:21:26Z", "ms": 34172485879.849434 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-31T13:09:26+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-31T13:09:26Z", "ms": 34175365879.849434 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:07 on Sat 30 Jan to 07:22 on Sun 31 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-30T10:06:32Z → 1971-01-31T07:22:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 30th, 12:21–13:09 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8084 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śrī Pañcamī 1971 falls on Saturday 30 January. Pañcamī runs from 10:07 on Sat 30 Jan to 07:22 on Sun 31 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8084, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1971-01-30T10:06:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T10:06:32Z", "ms": 34077992235.406322 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-31T07:22:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-31T07:22:17Z", "ms": 34154537333.530132 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-01-30T10:06:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T10:06:32Z", "ms": 34077992235.406322 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-31T07:22:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-31T07:22:17Z", "ms": 34154537333.530132 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-30T12:21:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T12:21:16Z", "ms": 34086076204.926544 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-30T13:09:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T13:09:16Z", "ms": 34088956204.926544 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-31T12:21:26+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-31T12:21:26Z", "ms": 34172485879.849434 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-31T13:09:26+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-31T13:09:26Z", "ms": 34175365879.849434 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:07 on Sat 30 Jan to 07:22 on Sun 31 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-30T10:06:32Z → 1971-01-31T07:22:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 30th, 12:21–13:09 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8084 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vasanta Pañcamī 1971 falls on Saturday 30 January. Pañcamī runs from 10:07 on Sat 30 Jan to 07:22 on Sun 31 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-01-30", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 35, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-01-29T13:09:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-29T13:09:41Z", "ms": 34002580583.97979 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-30T10:06:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T10:06:32Z", "ms": 34077992235.406322 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-01-29T13:09:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-29T13:09:41Z", "ms": 34002580583.97979 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-30T10:06:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T10:06:32Z", "ms": 34077992235.406322 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-29T12:21:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-29T12:21:06Z", "ms": 33999665692.841206 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-29T13:09:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-29T13:09:06Z", "ms": 34002545692.841206 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-01-30T12:21:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T12:21:16Z", "ms": 34086076204.926544 }, "end": { "local": "1971-01-30T13:09:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-01-30T13:09:16Z", "ms": 34088956204.926544 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:10 on Fri 29 Jan to 10:07 on Sat 30 Jan.", "fact": "1971-01-29T13:09:41Z → 1971-01-30T10:06:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 29th, 12:21–13:09 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 35 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-30", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1971 falls on Saturday 30 January. Caturthī runs from 13:10 on Fri 29 Jan to 10:07 on Sat 30 Jan, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day. It is 0 min 35 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 941, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1971-02-01T05:03:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-01T05:03:00Z", "ms": 34232579887.965214 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-02T03:13:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-02T03:13:18Z", "ms": 34312398231.667118 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-02-01T05:03:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-01T05:03:00Z", "ms": 34232579887.965214 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-02T03:13:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-02T03:13:18Z", "ms": 34312398231.667118 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-01T05:18:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-01T05:18:41Z", "ms": 34233520797.076305 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-01T06:58:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-01T06:58:04Z", "ms": 34239483895.43889 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-02T05:18:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-02T05:18:37Z", "ms": 34319916927.723454 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-02T06:57:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-02T06:57:56Z", "ms": 34325875603.747044 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 05:03 on Mon 1 Feb to 03:13 on Tue 2 Feb.", "fact": "1971-02-01T05:03:00Z → 1971-02-02T03:13:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:19–06:58 on the 1st, 05:19–06:58 on the 2nd.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 99 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 941 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ratha Saptamī 1971 falls on Monday 1 February. Saptamī runs from 05:03 on Mon 1 Feb to 03:13 on Tue 2 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-02-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19723, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-02-05T01:04:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-05T01:04:30Z", "ms": 34563870275.60385 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-06T01:28:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-06T01:28:29Z", "ms": 34651708811.34543 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-02-05T01:04:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-05T01:04:30Z", "ms": 34563870275.60385 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-06T01:28:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-06T01:28:29Z", "ms": 34651708811.34543 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-05T06:57:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-05T06:57:24Z", "ms": 34585044314.96737 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-05T06:57:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-05T06:57:24Z", "ms": 34585044314.96737 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-06T06:57:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-06T06:57:12Z", "ms": 34671431787.41719 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-06T06:57:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-06T06:57:12Z", "ms": 34671431787.41719 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:05 on Fri 5 Feb to 01:28 on Sat 6 Feb.", "fact": "1971-02-05T01:04:30Z → 1971-02-06T01:28:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:57 on the 5th and 06:57 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19723 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Friday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Jayā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Friday 5 February. Ekādaśī runs from 01:05 on Fri 5 Feb to 01:28 on Sat 6 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-02-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35943, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-02-06T01:28:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-06T01:28:29Z", "ms": 34651708811.34543 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-07T02:23:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-07T02:23:07Z", "ms": 34741387007.949036 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-02-06T01:28:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-06T01:28:29Z", "ms": 34651708811.34543 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-07T02:23:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-07T02:23:07Z", "ms": 34741387007.949036 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-06T12:22:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-06T12:22:06Z", "ms": 34690926322.072586 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-06T13:10:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-06T13:10:06Z", "ms": 34693806322.072586 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-07T12:22:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-07T12:22:10Z", "ms": 34777330162.06668 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-07T13:10:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-07T13:10:10Z", "ms": 34780210162.06668 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:28 on Sat 6 Feb to 02:23 on Sun 7 Feb.", "fact": "1971-02-06T01:28:29Z → 1971-02-07T02:23:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 6th, 12:22–13:10 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35943 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1971 falls on Saturday 6 February. Dvādaśī runs from 01:28 on Sat 6 Feb to 02:23 on Sun 7 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-02-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22151, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-02-07T02:23:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-07T02:23:07Z", "ms": 34741387007.949036 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-08T03:45:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-08T03:45:40Z", "ms": 34832740131.07834 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-02-07T02:23:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-07T02:23:07Z", "ms": 34741387007.949036 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-08T03:45:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-08T03:45:40Z", "ms": 34832740131.07834 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-06T18:35:01+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-06T18:35:01Z", "ms": 34713300856.727974 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-06T20:13:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-06T20:13:57Z", "ms": 34719236507.01684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-07T18:35:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-07T18:35:22Z", "ms": 34799722090.238914 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-07T20:14:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-07T20:14:13Z", "ms": 34805652967.496216 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:23 on Sun 7 Feb to 03:46 on Mon 8 Feb.", "fact": "1971-02-07T02:23:07Z → 1971-02-08T03:45:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:35–20:14 on the 6th, 18:35–20:14 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 6th and 99 of 99 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22151 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Sunday 7 February. Trayodaśī runs from 02:23 on Sun 7 Feb to 03:46 on Mon 8 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-02-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16854, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-02-09T05:32:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-09T05:32:58Z", "ms": 34925578045.372635 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-10T07:41:23+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-10T07:41:23Z", "ms": 35019682585.78316 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-02-09T05:32:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-09T05:32:58Z", "ms": 34925578045.372635 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-10T07:41:23+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-10T07:41:23Z", "ms": 35019682585.78316 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-09T12:22:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-09T12:22:15Z", "ms": 34950135420.7168 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-09T13:10:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-09T13:10:15Z", "ms": 34953015420.7168 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-10T12:22:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-10T12:22:17Z", "ms": 35036536859.10374 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-10T13:10:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-10T13:10:17Z", "ms": 35039416859.10374 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 05:33 on Tue 9 Feb to 07:41 on Wed 10 Feb.", "fact": "1971-02-09T05:32:58Z → 1971-02-10T07:41:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 9th, 12:22–13:10 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16854 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 9 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1971 falls on Tuesday 9 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 05:33 on Tue 9 Feb to 07:41 on Wed 10 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-02-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-02-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14091, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-02-13T15:23:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-13T15:23:49Z", "ms": 35306629127.04482 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-14T18:00:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-14T18:00:31Z", "ms": 35402430789.90993 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-02-13T15:23:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-13T15:23:49Z", "ms": 35306629127.04482 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-14T18:00:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-14T18:00:31Z", "ms": 35402430789.90993 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-13T21:10:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-13T21:10:28Z", "ms": 35327427613.87627 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-13T21:10:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-13T21:10:28Z", "ms": 35327427613.87627 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-14T21:55:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-14T21:55:21Z", "ms": 35416521489.47715 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-14T21:55:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-14T21:55:21Z", "ms": 35416521489.47715 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:24 on Sat 13 Feb to 18:01 on Sun 14 Feb.", "fact": "1971-02-13T15:23:49Z → 1971-02-14T18:00:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:10 on the 13th and 21:55 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14091 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 13 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1971 falls on Saturday 13 February. Caturthī runs from 15:24 on Sat 13 Feb to 18:01 on Sun 14 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-02-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-02-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-02-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26242, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-02-20T23:34:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-20T23:34:48Z", "ms": 35940888449.24459 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-21T21:57:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-21T21:57:20Z", "ms": 36021439920.94021 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-02-20T23:34:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-20T23:34:48Z", "ms": 35940888449.24459 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-21T21:57:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-21T21:57:20Z", "ms": 36021439920.94021 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-21T06:52:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-21T06:52:10Z", "ms": 35967130410.5599 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-21T06:52:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-21T06:52:10Z", "ms": 35967130410.5599 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-22T06:51:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-22T06:51:44Z", "ms": 36053503601.805855 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-22T06:51:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-22T06:51:44Z", "ms": 36053503601.805855 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:35 on Sat 20 Feb to 21:57 on Sun 21 Feb.", "fact": "1971-02-20T23:34:48Z → 1971-02-21T21:57:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:52 on the 21st and 06:52 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26242 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 21 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Sunday 21 February. Ekādaśī runs from 23:35 on Sat 20 Feb to 21:57 on Sun 21 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-02-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-02-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2321, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-02-22T19:38:23+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-22T19:38:23Z", "ms": 36099503086.5744 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-23T16:44:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-23T16:44:50Z", "ms": 36175489639.80343 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-02-22T19:38:23+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-22T19:38:23Z", "ms": 36099503086.5744 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-23T16:44:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-23T16:44:50Z", "ms": 36175489639.80343 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-22T18:39:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-22T18:39:30Z", "ms": 36095970326.923645 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-22T20:17:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-22T20:17:04Z", "ms": 36101824424.97825 } }, "covered_min": 39, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-23T18:39:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-23T18:39:43Z", "ms": 36182382503.65958 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-23T20:17:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-23T20:17:11Z", "ms": 36188231211.15602 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:38 on Mon 22 Feb to 16:45 on Tue 23 Feb.", "fact": "1971-02-22T19:38:23Z → 1971-02-23T16:44:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:40–20:17 on the 22nd, 18:40–20:17 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 39 of 98 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 97 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2321 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Monday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Monday 22 February. Trayodaśī runs from 19:38 on Mon 22 Feb to 16:45 on Tue 23 Feb and covers 39 of 98 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-02-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27386, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-02-23T16:44:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-23T16:44:50Z", "ms": 36175489639.80343 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-24T13:25:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-24T13:25:05Z", "ms": 36249904635.71778 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-02-23T16:44:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-23T16:44:50Z", "ms": 36175489639.80343 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-24T13:25:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-24T13:25:05Z", "ms": 36249904635.71778 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-24T00:21:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-24T00:21:15Z", "ms": 36202875156.771255 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-24T01:09:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-24T01:09:15Z", "ms": 36205755156.771255 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-02-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-25T00:21:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-25T00:21:07Z", "ms": 36289266518.062386 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-25T01:09:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-25T01:09:07Z", "ms": 36292146518.062386 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:45 on Tue 23 Feb to 13:25 on Wed 24 Feb.", "fact": "1971-02-23T16:44:50Z → 1971-02-24T13:25:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:21–01:09 on the 23rd, 00:21–01:09 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 27386 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahāśivarātri 1971 falls on Tuesday 23 February. Caturdaśī runs from 16:45 on Tue 23 Feb to 13:25 on Wed 24 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-02-28", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-02-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24380, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-02-27T22:58:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-27T22:58:41Z", "ms": 36543521308.76987 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-28T19:55:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-28T19:55:02Z", "ms": 36618901574.038666 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-02-27T22:58:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-27T22:58:41Z", "ms": 36543521308.76987 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-28T19:55:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-28T19:55:02Z", "ms": 36618901574.038666 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-02-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-27T12:20:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-27T12:20:53Z", "ms": 36505252578.96943 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-27T13:08:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-27T13:08:53Z", "ms": 36508132578.96943 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-02-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-02-28T12:20:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-28T12:20:42Z", "ms": 36591641968.07559 }, "end": { "local": "1971-02-28T13:08:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-02-28T13:08:42Z", "ms": 36594521968.07559 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:59 on Sat 27 Feb to 19:55 on Sun 28 Feb.", "fact": "1971-02-27T22:58:41Z → 1971-02-28T19:55:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 27th, 12:21–13:09 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24380 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 28 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-02-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1971 falls on Sunday 28 February. Caturthī runs from 22:59 on Sat 27 Feb to 19:55 on Sun 28 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-02-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-03-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30688, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-03-06T15:16:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-06T15:16:58Z", "ms": 37120618174.5254 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-07T16:53:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-07T16:53:53Z", "ms": 37212832640.10359 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-06T15:16:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-06T15:16:58Z", "ms": 37120618174.5254 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-07T16:53:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-07T16:53:53Z", "ms": 37212832640.10359 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-06T06:45:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-06T06:45:30Z", "ms": 37089930026.60767 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-06T06:45:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-06T06:45:30Z", "ms": 37089930026.60767 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-07T06:44:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-07T06:44:55Z", "ms": 37176295177.66565 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-07T06:44:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-07T06:44:55Z", "ms": 37176295177.66565 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:17 on Sat 6 Mar to 16:54 on Sun 7 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-06T15:16:58Z → 1971-03-07T16:53:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:46 on the 6th and 06:45 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30688 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Sunday 7 March. Ekādaśī runs from 15:17 on Sat 6 Mar to 16:54 on Sun 7 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-03-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-03-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-09", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 987, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-03-08T18:58:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-08T18:58:05Z", "ms": 37306684897.64886 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-09T21:21:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-09T21:21:16Z", "ms": 37401676481.12246 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-08T18:58:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-08T18:58:05Z", "ms": 37306684897.64886 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-09T21:21:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-09T21:21:16Z", "ms": 37401676481.12246 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-08T18:41:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-08T18:41:38Z", "ms": 37305697852.39581 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-08T20:17:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-08T20:17:55Z", "ms": 37311474687.15094 } }, "covered_min": 80, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-09T18:41:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-09T18:41:44Z", "ms": 37392103855.44011 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-09T20:17:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-09T20:17:55Z", "ms": 37397875067.834305 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:58 on Mon 8 Mar to 21:21 on Tue 9 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-08T18:58:05Z → 1971-03-09T21:21:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:42–20:18 on the 8th, 18:42–20:18 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 80 of 96 minutes on the 8th and 96 of 96 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 987 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 9 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-09", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-09", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Tuesday 9 March. Trayodaśī runs from 18:58 on Mon 8 Mar to 21:21 on Tue 9 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 80 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-03-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18820, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-03-10T23:55:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-10T23:55:29Z", "ms": 37497329218.08813 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-12T02:33:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-12T02:33:34Z", "ms": 37593214437.43622 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-10T23:55:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-10T23:55:29Z", "ms": 37497329218.08813 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-12T02:33:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-12T02:33:34Z", "ms": 37593214437.43622 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-10T16:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-10T16:18:05Z", "ms": 37469885215.12599 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-10T18:41:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-10T18:41:50Z", "ms": 37478509531.80835 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-11T16:18:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-11T16:18:02Z", "ms": 37556282200.00296 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-11T18:41:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-11T18:41:55Z", "ms": 37564914900.86341 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:55 on Wed 10 Mar to 02:34 on Fri 12 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-10T23:55:29Z → 1971-03-12T02:33:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:18–18:42 on the 10th, 16:18–18:42 on the 11th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 144 minutes on the 10th and 144 of 144 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18820 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Holikā Dahana 1971 falls on Thursday 11 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:55 on Wed 10 Mar to 02:34 on Fri 12 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18820, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-03-10T23:55:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-10T23:55:29Z", "ms": 37497329218.08813 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-12T02:33:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-12T02:33:34Z", "ms": 37593214437.43622 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-10T23:55:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-10T23:55:29Z", "ms": 37497329218.08813 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-12T02:33:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-12T02:33:34Z", "ms": 37593214437.43622 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-10T16:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-10T16:18:05Z", "ms": 37469885215.12599 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-10T18:41:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-10T18:41:50Z", "ms": 37478509531.80835 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-11T16:18:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-11T16:18:02Z", "ms": 37556282200.00296 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-11T18:41:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-11T18:41:55Z", "ms": 37564914900.86341 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1971-03-11", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:55 on Wed 10 Mar to 02:34 on Fri 12 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-10T23:55:29Z → 1971-03-12T02:33:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:18–18:42 on the 10th, 16:18–18:42 on the 11th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 144 minutes on the 10th and 144 of 144 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18820 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Thursday 11 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Bamako, 1971: Friday 12 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Holī 1971 falls on Friday 12 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Thursday 11 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:55 on Wed 10 Mar to 02:34 on Fri 12 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 11th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5522, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1971-03-12T02:33:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-12T02:33:34Z", "ms": 37593214437.43622 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-13T05:09:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-13T05:09:16Z", "ms": 37688955698.93516 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-12T02:33:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-12T02:33:34Z", "ms": 37593214437.43622 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-13T05:09:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-13T05:09:16Z", "ms": 37688955698.93516 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-12T06:41:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-12T06:41:54Z", "ms": 37608114483.57113 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-12T06:41:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-12T06:41:54Z", "ms": 37608114483.57113 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-13T06:41:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-13T06:41:17Z", "ms": 37694477235.553825 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-13T06:41:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-13T06:41:17Z", "ms": 37694477235.553825 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 02:34 on Fri 12 Mar to 05:09 on Sat 13 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-12T02:33:34Z → 1971-03-13T05:09:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:42 on the 12th and 06:41 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5522 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Bamako, 1971: Friday 12 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vasantotsava 1971 falls on Friday 12 March. Pratipadā runs from 02:34 on Fri 12 Mar to 05:09 on Sat 13 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-03-15", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37945, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-03-15T09:50:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-15T09:50:49Z", "ms": 37878649022.86219 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-16T11:45:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-16T11:45:25Z", "ms": 37971925461.29425 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-15T09:50:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-15T09:50:49Z", "ms": 37878649022.86219 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-16T11:45:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-16T11:45:25Z", "ms": 37971925461.29425 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-15T21:26:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-15T21:26:59Z", "ms": 37920419498.49515 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-15T21:26:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-15T21:26:59Z", "ms": 37920419498.49515 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-16T22:17:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-16T22:17:50Z", "ms": 38009870393.52525 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-16T22:17:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-16T22:17:50Z", "ms": 38009870393.52525 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:51 on Mon 15 Mar to 11:45 on Tue 16 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-15T09:50:49Z → 1971-03-16T11:45:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:27 on the 15th and 22:18 on the 16th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 15th and is not on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37945 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 15 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1971 falls on Monday 15 March. Caturthī runs from 09:51 on Mon 15 Mar to 11:45 on Tue 16 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-03-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4293, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1971-03-19T14:34:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-19T14:34:14Z", "ms": 38241253757.426926 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-20T14:15:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-20T14:15:14Z", "ms": 38326514143.002396 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-19T14:34:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-19T14:34:14Z", "ms": 38241253757.426926 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-20T14:15:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-20T14:15:14Z", "ms": 38326514143.002396 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-19T12:15:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-19T12:15:59Z", "ms": 38232958669.09161 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-19T13:03:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-19T13:03:59Z", "ms": 38235838669.09161 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-20T12:15:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-20T12:15:41Z", "ms": 38319340981.53168 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-20T13:03:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-20T13:03:41Z", "ms": 38322220981.53168 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:34 on Fri 19 Mar to 14:15 on Sat 20 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-19T14:34:14Z → 1971-03-20T14:15:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 19th, 12:16–13:04 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4293 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 20 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śītalāṣṭamī 1971 falls on Saturday 20 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:34 on Fri 19 Mar to 14:15 on Sat 20 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-03-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9213, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-03-22T11:30:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-22T11:30:34Z", "ms": 38489434407.72896 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-23T09:08:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-23T09:08:25Z", "ms": 38567304619.34163 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-22T11:30:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-22T11:30:34Z", "ms": 38489434407.72896 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-23T09:08:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-23T09:08:25Z", "ms": 38567304619.34163 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-22T06:35:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-22T06:35:31Z", "ms": 38471731216.01606 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-22T06:35:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-22T06:35:31Z", "ms": 38471731216.01606 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-23T06:34:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-23T06:34:52Z", "ms": 38558092034.907394 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-23T06:34:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-23T06:34:52Z", "ms": 38558092034.907394 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:31 on Mon 22 Mar to 09:08 on Tue 23 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-22T11:30:34Z → 1971-03-23T09:08:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:36 on the 22nd and 06:35 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9213 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Tuesday 23 March. Ekādaśī runs from 11:31 on Mon 22 Mar to 09:08 on Tue 23 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-03-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23582, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-03-24T06:12:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-24T06:12:40Z", "ms": 38643159766.523 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-25T02:50:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-25T02:50:34Z", "ms": 38717434329.26139 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-24T06:12:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-24T06:12:40Z", "ms": 38643159766.523 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-25T02:50:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-25T02:50:34Z", "ms": 38717434329.26139 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-23T18:42:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-23T18:42:43Z", "ms": 38601762500.42119 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-23T20:17:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-23T20:17:35Z", "ms": 38607454539.59095 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-24T18:42:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-24T18:42:46Z", "ms": 38688165626.55168 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-24T20:17:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-24T20:17:32Z", "ms": 38693852011.6807 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:13 on Wed 24 Mar to 02:51 on Thu 25 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-24T06:12:40Z → 1971-03-25T02:50:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:18 on the 23rd, 18:43–20:18 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 95 minutes on the 23rd and 95 of 95 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23582 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Wednesday 24 March. Trayodaśī runs from 06:13 on Wed 24 Mar to 02:51 on Thu 25 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-03-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-03-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3778, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-03-25T02:50:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-25T02:50:34Z", "ms": 38717434329.26139 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-25T23:10:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-25T23:10:54Z", "ms": 38790653564.13211 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-25T02:50:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-25T02:50:34Z", "ms": 38717434329.26139 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-25T23:10:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-25T23:10:54Z", "ms": 38790653564.13211 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-25T00:14:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-25T00:14:10Z", "ms": 38708049570.78551 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-25T01:02:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-25T01:02:10Z", "ms": 38710929570.78551 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-26T00:13:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-26T00:13:51Z", "ms": 38794431457.390045 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-26T01:01:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-26T01:01:51Z", "ms": 38797311457.390045 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:51 on Thu 25 Mar to 23:11 on Thu 25 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-25T02:50:34Z → 1971-03-25T23:10:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:14–01:02 on the 24th, 00:14–01:02 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither night qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 3778 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1971 falls on Wednesday 24 March. Caturdaśī runs from 02:51 on Thu 25 Mar to 23:11 on Thu 25 Mar, and reaches niśītha on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-03-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9437, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1971-03-26T19:23:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-26T19:23:28Z", "ms": 38863408385.3739 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-27T15:38:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-27T15:38:52Z", "ms": 38936331718.17264 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-26T19:23:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-26T19:23:28Z", "ms": 38863408385.3739 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-27T15:38:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-27T15:38:52Z", "ms": 38936331718.17264 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-26T12:13:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-26T12:13:53Z", "ms": 38837632971.15988 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-26T13:01:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-26T13:01:53Z", "ms": 38840512971.15988 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-27T12:13:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-27T12:13:35Z", "ms": 38924014820.59787 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-27T13:01:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-27T13:01:35Z", "ms": 38926894820.59787 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 19:23 on Fri 26 Mar to 15:39 on Sat 27 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-26T19:23:28Z → 1971-03-27T15:38:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 26th, 12:14–13:02 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9437 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Bamako, 1971: Saturday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1971 falls on Saturday 27 March. Pratipadā runs from 19:23 on Fri 26 Mar to 15:39 on Sat 27 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 322, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1971-03-28T12:07:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-28T12:07:55Z", "ms": 39010074777.70743 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-29T09:01:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-29T09:01:20Z", "ms": 39085279956.135315 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-28T12:07:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-28T12:07:55Z", "ms": 39010074777.70743 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-29T09:01:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-29T09:01:20Z", "ms": 39085279956.135315 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-28T12:13:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-28T12:13:17Z", "ms": 39010396669.540115 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-28T13:01:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-28T13:01:17Z", "ms": 39013276669.540115 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-29T12:12:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-29T12:12:59Z", "ms": 39096778533.24924 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-29T13:00:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-29T13:00:59Z", "ms": 39099658533.24924 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 12:08 on Sun 28 Mar to 09:01 on Mon 29 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-28T12:07:55Z → 1971-03-29T09:01:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 28th, 12:13–13:01 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 322 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1971 falls on Sunday 28 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 12:08 on Sun 28 Mar to 09:01 on Mon 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 322, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1971-03-28T12:07:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-28T12:07:55Z", "ms": 39010074777.70743 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-29T09:01:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-29T09:01:20Z", "ms": 39085279956.135315 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-28T12:07:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-28T12:07:55Z", "ms": 39010074777.70743 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-29T09:01:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-29T09:01:20Z", "ms": 39085279956.135315 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-28T12:13:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-28T12:13:17Z", "ms": 39010396669.540115 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-28T13:01:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-28T13:01:17Z", "ms": 39013276669.540115 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-29T12:12:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-29T12:12:59Z", "ms": 39096778533.24924 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-29T13:00:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-29T13:00:59Z", "ms": 39099658533.24924 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 12:08 on Sun 28 Mar to 09:01 on Mon 29 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-28T12:07:55Z → 1971-03-29T09:01:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 28th, 12:13–13:01 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 322 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1971 falls on Sunday 28 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 12:08 on Sun 28 Mar to 09:01 on Mon 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-03-29", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11499, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-03-29T09:01:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-29T09:01:20Z", "ms": 39085279956.135315 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-30T06:29:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-30T06:29:06Z", "ms": 39162546356.83792 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-29T09:01:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-29T09:01:20Z", "ms": 39085279956.135315 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-30T06:29:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-30T06:29:06Z", "ms": 39162546356.83792 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-29T12:12:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-29T12:12:59Z", "ms": 39096778533.24924 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-29T13:00:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-29T13:00:59Z", "ms": 39099658533.24924 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-30T12:12:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-30T12:12:40Z", "ms": 39183160427.61753 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-30T13:00:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-30T13:00:40Z", "ms": 39186040427.61753 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:01 on Mon 29 Mar to 06:29 on Tue 30 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-29T09:01:20Z → 1971-03-30T06:29:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 29th, 12:13–13:01 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11499 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1971 falls on Monday 29 March. Caturthī runs from 09:01 on Mon 29 Mar to 06:29 on Tue 30 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-03-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20614, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1971-03-30T06:29:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-30T06:29:06Z", "ms": 39162546356.83792 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-31T04:39:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-31T04:39:45Z", "ms": 39242385008.67981 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-03-30T06:29:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-30T06:29:06Z", "ms": 39162546356.83792 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-31T04:39:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-31T04:39:45Z", "ms": 39242385008.67981 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-30T12:12:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-30T12:12:40Z", "ms": 39183160427.61753 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-30T13:00:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-30T13:00:40Z", "ms": 39186040427.61753 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-03-31T12:12:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-31T12:12:22Z", "ms": 39269542369.39239 }, "end": { "local": "1971-03-31T13:00:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-03-31T13:00:22Z", "ms": 39272422369.39239 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 06:29 on Tue 30 Mar to 04:40 on Wed 31 Mar.", "fact": "1971-03-30T06:29:06Z → 1971-03-31T04:39:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 30th, 12:12–13:00 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20614 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1971 falls on Tuesday 30 March. Pañcamī runs from 06:29 on Tue 30 Mar to 04:40 on Wed 31 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28718, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-02T03:30:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-02T03:30:52Z", "ms": 39411051999.031136 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-03T04:12:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-03T04:12:50Z", "ms": 39499970252.602325 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-02T03:30:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-02T03:30:52Z", "ms": 39411051999.031136 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-03T04:12:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-03T04:12:50Z", "ms": 39499970252.602325 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-02T12:11:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-02T12:11:46Z", "ms": 39442306466.49236 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-02T12:59:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-02T12:59:46Z", "ms": 39445186466.49236 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-03T12:11:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-03T12:11:29Z", "ms": 39528688659.28157 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-03T12:59:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-03T12:59:29Z", "ms": 39531568659.28157 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:31 on Fri 2 Apr to 04:13 on Sat 3 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-02T03:30:52Z → 1971-04-03T04:12:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 2nd, 12:11–12:59 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28718 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Bamako, 1971: Friday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bhavānī Utpatti 1971 falls on Friday 2 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:31 on Fri 2 Apr to 04:13 on Sat 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23490, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-03T04:12:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-03T04:12:50Z", "ms": 39499970252.602325 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-04T05:39:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-04T05:39:41Z", "ms": 39591581386.20125 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-03T04:12:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-03T04:12:50Z", "ms": 39499970252.602325 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-04T05:39:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-04T05:39:41Z", "ms": 39591581386.20125 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-03T12:11:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-03T12:11:29Z", "ms": 39528688659.28157 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-03T12:59:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-03T12:59:29Z", "ms": 39531568659.28157 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-04T12:11:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-04T12:11:11Z", "ms": 39615070974.07262 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-04T12:59:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-04T12:59:11Z", "ms": 39617950974.07262 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 04:13 on Sat 3 Apr to 05:40 on Sun 4 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-03T04:12:50Z → 1971-04-04T05:39:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 3rd, 12:11–12:59 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23490 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rāma Navamī 1971 falls on Saturday 3 April. Navamī runs from 04:13 on Sat 3 Apr to 05:40 on Sun 4 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-04-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4539, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-05T07:42:03+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-05T07:42:03Z", "ms": 39685323231.72526 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-06T10:08:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-06T10:08:13Z", "ms": 39780492566.82763 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-05T07:42:03+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-05T07:42:03Z", "ms": 39685323231.72526 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-06T10:08:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-06T10:08:13Z", "ms": 39780492566.82763 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-05T06:26:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-05T06:26:25Z", "ms": 39680784547.482574 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-05T06:26:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-05T06:26:25Z", "ms": 39680784547.482574 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-06T06:25:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-06T06:25:46Z", "ms": 39767146380.279884 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-06T06:25:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-06T06:25:46Z", "ms": 39767146380.279884 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:42 on Mon 5 Apr to 10:08 on Tue 6 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-05T07:42:03Z → 1971-04-06T10:08:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:26 on the 5th and 06:26 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4539 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 6 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Tuesday 6 April. Ekādaśī runs from 07:42 on Mon 5 Apr to 10:08 on Tue 6 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-04-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 743, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-07T12:45:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-07T12:45:56Z", "ms": 39876355513.325676 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-08T15:24:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-08T15:24:10Z", "ms": 39972250341.573814 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-07T12:45:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-07T12:45:56Z", "ms": 39876355513.325676 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-08T15:24:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-08T15:24:10Z", "ms": 39972250341.573814 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-07T12:10:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-07T12:10:19Z", "ms": 39874218849.548065 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-07T12:58:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-07T12:58:19Z", "ms": 39877098849.548065 } }, "covered_min": 12, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-08T12:10:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-08T12:10:02Z", "ms": 39960601852.21124 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-08T12:58:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-08T12:58:02Z", "ms": 39963481852.21124 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:46 on Wed 7 Apr to 15:24 on Thu 8 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-07T12:45:56Z → 1971-04-08T15:24:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 7th, 12:10–12:58 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 12 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 743 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1971 falls on Wednesday 7 April. Trayodaśī runs from 12:46 on Wed 7 Apr to 15:24 on Thu 8 Apr and covers 12 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-04-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11963, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-07T12:45:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-07T12:45:56Z", "ms": 39876355513.325676 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-08T15:24:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-08T15:24:10Z", "ms": 39972250341.573814 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-07T12:45:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-07T12:45:56Z", "ms": 39876355513.325676 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-08T15:24:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-08T15:24:10Z", "ms": 39972250341.573814 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-07T18:43:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-07T18:43:29Z", "ms": 39897809248.82357 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-07T20:16:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-07T20:16:57Z", "ms": 39903417453.13899 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-08T18:43:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-08T18:43:33Z", "ms": 39984212923.23322 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-08T20:16:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-08T20:16:56Z", "ms": 39989815653.04521 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:46 on Wed 7 Apr to 15:24 on Thu 8 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-07T12:45:56Z → 1971-04-08T15:24:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:17 on the 7th, 18:44–20:17 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 93 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11963 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Wednesday 7 April. Trayodaśī runs from 12:46 on Wed 7 Apr to 15:24 on Thu 8 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-04-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8768, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-08T15:24:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-08T15:24:10Z", "ms": 39972250341.573814 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-09T17:54:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-09T17:54:13Z", "ms": 40067653346.16593 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-08T15:24:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-08T15:24:10Z", "ms": 39972250341.573814 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-09T17:54:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-09T17:54:13Z", "ms": 40067653346.16593 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-08T12:10:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-08T12:10:02Z", "ms": 39960601852.21124 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-08T12:58:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-08T12:58:02Z", "ms": 39963481852.21124 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-09T12:09:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-09T12:09:45Z", "ms": 40046985077.36002 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-09T12:57:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-09T12:57:45Z", "ms": 40049865077.36002 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:24 on Thu 8 Apr to 17:54 on Fri 9 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-08T15:24:10Z → 1971-04-09T17:54:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 8th, 12:10–12:58 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8768 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1971: Friday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1971 falls on Friday 9 April. Caturdaśī runs from 15:24 on Thu 8 Apr to 17:54 on Fri 9 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17788, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-04-09T17:54:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-09T17:54:13Z", "ms": 40067653346.16593 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-10T20:09:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-10T20:09:57Z", "ms": 40162196764.97221 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-09T17:54:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-09T17:54:13Z", "ms": 40067653346.16593 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-10T20:09:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-10T20:09:57Z", "ms": 40162196764.97221 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-09T12:09:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-09T12:09:45Z", "ms": 40046985077.36002 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-09T12:57:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-09T12:57:45Z", "ms": 40049865077.36002 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-10T12:09:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-10T12:09:29Z", "ms": 40133368545.21695 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-10T12:57:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-10T12:57:29Z", "ms": 40136248545.21695 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 17:54 on Fri 9 Apr to 20:10 on Sat 10 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-09T17:54:13Z → 1971-04-10T20:09:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 9th, 12:09–12:57 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17788 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1971 falls on Saturday 10 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 17:54 on Fri 9 Apr to 20:10 on Sat 10 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17947, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1971-04-14T01:21:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-14T01:21:44Z", "ms": 40440104443.897606 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-14T22:17:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-14T22:17:42Z", "ms": 43107462211.189644 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1971-04-14T01:21:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-14T01:21:44Z", "ms": 40440104443.897606 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-14T01:21:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-14T01:21:44Z", "ms": 40440104443.897606 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-13T06:21:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-13T06:21:27Z", "ms": 40371687182.44262 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-14T06:20:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-14T06:20:52Z", "ms": 40458051577.872116 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-14T06:20:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-14T06:20:52Z", "ms": 40458051577.872116 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-15T06:20:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-15T06:20:16Z", "ms": 40544416399.55234 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 01:22 on Wed 14 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-14T01:21:44Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:21 on the 13th, and from 06:21 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 17947 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1971-04-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1971-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vaiśākhī 1971 falls on Tuesday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 01:22 on Wed 14 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. Counted from midnight, or by the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-04-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13570, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-14T00:58:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-14T00:58:35Z", "ms": 40438714858.92672 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-15T01:48:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-15T01:48:34Z", "ms": 40528113841.25519 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-14T00:58:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-14T00:58:35Z", "ms": 40438714858.92672 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-15T01:48:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-15T01:48:34Z", "ms": 40528113841.25519 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-13T21:07:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-13T21:07:10Z", "ms": 40424829976.110756 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-13T21:07:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-13T21:07:10Z", "ms": 40424829976.110756 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-14T22:02:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-14T22:02:24Z", "ms": 40514544018.76681 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-14T22:02:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-14T22:02:24Z", "ms": 40514544018.76681 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:59 on Wed 14 Apr to 01:49 on Thu 15 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-14T00:58:35Z → 1971-04-15T01:48:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:07 on the 13th and 22:02 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13570 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 14 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1971 falls on Wednesday 14 April. Caturthī runs from 00:59 on Wed 14 Apr to 01:49 on Thu 15 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-04-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-04-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35983, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-20T20:17:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-20T20:17:13Z", "ms": 41026632975.040855 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-21T17:31:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-21T17:31:53Z", "ms": 41103113034.07803 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-20T20:17:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-20T20:17:13Z", "ms": 41026632975.040855 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-21T17:31:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-21T17:31:53Z", "ms": 41103113034.07803 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-21T06:16:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-21T06:16:56Z", "ms": 41062615514.188446 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-21T06:16:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-21T06:16:56Z", "ms": 41062615514.188446 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-22T06:16:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-22T06:16:24Z", "ms": 41148983919.318695 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-22T06:16:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-22T06:16:24Z", "ms": 41148983919.318695 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:17 on Tue 20 Apr to 17:32 on Wed 21 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-20T20:17:13Z → 1971-04-21T17:31:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:17 on the 21st and 06:16 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35983 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Wednesday 21 April. Ekādaśī runs from 20:17 on Tue 20 Apr to 17:32 on Wed 21 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-04-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-04-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15678, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-22T14:23:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-22T14:23:30Z", "ms": 41178210139.177055 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-23T10:59:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-23T10:59:32Z", "ms": 41252372044.3125 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-22T14:23:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-22T14:23:30Z", "ms": 41178210139.177055 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-23T10:59:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-23T10:59:32Z", "ms": 41252372044.3125 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-22T18:44:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-22T18:44:48Z", "ms": 41193888136.97868 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-22T20:16:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-22T20:16:57Z", "ms": 41199416773.3731 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-23T18:44:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-23T18:44:56Z", "ms": 41280295703.69324 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-23T20:16:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-23T20:16:59Z", "ms": 41285819276.544876 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:24 on Thu 22 Apr to 11:00 on Fri 23 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-22T14:23:30Z → 1971-04-23T10:59:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:17 on the 22nd, 18:45–20:17 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 92 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15678 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Thursday 22 April. Trayodaśī runs from 14:24 on Thu 22 Apr to 11:00 on Fri 23 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-04-23", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23686, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-23T10:59:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-23T10:59:32Z", "ms": 41252372044.3125 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-24T07:28:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-24T07:28:55Z", "ms": 41326135170.11159 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-23T10:59:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-23T10:59:32Z", "ms": 41252372044.3125 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-24T07:28:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-24T07:28:55Z", "ms": 41326135170.11159 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-23T00:06:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-23T00:06:21Z", "ms": 41213180523.45776 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-23T00:54:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-23T00:54:21Z", "ms": 41216060523.45776 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-24T00:06:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-24T00:06:09Z", "ms": 41299569101.88689 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-24T00:54:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-24T00:54:09Z", "ms": 41302449101.88689 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:00 on Fri 23 Apr to 07:29 on Sat 24 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-23T10:59:32Z → 1971-04-24T07:28:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:06–00:54 on the 22nd, 00:06–00:54 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23686 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1971: Friday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1971 falls on Friday 23 April. Caturdaśī runs from 11:00 on Fri 23 Apr to 07:29 on Sat 24 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-04-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29648, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1971-04-26T21:59:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-26T21:59:47Z", "ms": 41551186936.6682 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-27T19:45:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-27T19:45:57Z", "ms": 41629556750.88686 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-26T21:59:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-26T21:59:47Z", "ms": 41551186936.6682 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-27T19:45:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-27T19:45:57Z", "ms": 41629556750.88686 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-27T06:13:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-27T06:13:55Z", "ms": 41580834990.516846 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-27T10:24:26+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-27T10:24:26Z", "ms": 41595866419.37724 } }, "covered_min": 251, "window_min": 251, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-28T06:13:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-28T06:13:27Z", "ms": 41667207099.30833 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-28T10:24:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-28T10:24:11Z", "ms": 41682250898.16586 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 251, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 22:00 on Mon 26 Apr to 19:46 on Tue 27 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-26T21:59:47Z → 1971-04-27T19:45:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:14–10:24 on the 27th, 06:13–10:24 on the 28th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 251 of 251 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 251 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29648 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1971 falls on Tuesday 27 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 22:00 on Mon 26 Apr to 19:46 on Tue 27 Apr and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1876, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1971-04-26T21:59:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-26T21:59:47Z", "ms": 41551186936.6682 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-27T19:45:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-27T19:45:57Z", "ms": 41629556750.88686 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-26T21:59:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-26T21:59:47Z", "ms": 41551186936.6682 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-27T19:45:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-27T19:45:57Z", "ms": 41629556750.88686 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-26T18:45:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-26T18:45:20Z", "ms": 41539520387.99088 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-26T20:17:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-26T20:17:09Z", "ms": 41545029001.66101 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-27T18:45:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-27T18:45:29Z", "ms": 41625929277.098045 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-27T20:17:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-27T20:17:13Z", "ms": 41631432986.72608 } }, "covered_min": 60, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 22:00 on Mon 26 Apr to 19:46 on Tue 27 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-26T21:59:47Z → 1971-04-27T19:45:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:17 on the 26th, 18:45–20:17 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 26th and 60 of 92 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1876 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1971 falls on Tuesday 27 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 22:00 on Mon 26 Apr to 19:46 on Tue 27 Apr and covers 60 of 92 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-04-28", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19319, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-27T19:45:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-27T19:45:57Z", "ms": 41629556750.88686 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-28T18:15:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-28T18:15:31Z", "ms": 41710531462.180084 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-27T19:45:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-27T19:45:57Z", "ms": 41629556750.88686 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-28T18:15:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-28T18:15:31Z", "ms": 41710531462.180084 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-27T12:05:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-27T12:05:42Z", "ms": 41601942133.80745 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-27T12:53:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-27T12:53:42Z", "ms": 41604822133.80745 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-28T12:05:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-28T12:05:33Z", "ms": 41688332797.594635 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-28T12:53:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-28T12:53:33Z", "ms": 41691212797.594635 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:46 on Tue 27 Apr to 18:16 on Wed 28 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-27T19:45:57Z → 1971-04-28T18:15:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 27th, 12:06–12:54 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19319 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1971 falls on Wednesday 28 April. Caturthī runs from 19:46 on Tue 27 Apr to 18:16 on Wed 28 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-04-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16875, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-28T18:15:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-28T18:15:31Z", "ms": 41710531462.180084 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-29T17:34:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-29T17:34:39Z", "ms": 41794478770.263954 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-28T18:15:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-28T18:15:31Z", "ms": 41710531462.180084 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-29T17:34:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-29T17:34:39Z", "ms": 41794478770.263954 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-28T12:05:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-28T12:05:33Z", "ms": 41688332797.594635 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-28T12:53:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-28T12:53:33Z", "ms": 41691212797.594635 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-29T12:05:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-29T12:05:24Z", "ms": 41774723955.69118 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-29T12:53:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-29T12:53:24Z", "ms": 41777603955.69118 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:16 on Wed 28 Apr to 17:35 on Thu 29 Apr.", "fact": "1971-04-28T18:15:31Z → 1971-04-29T17:34:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 28th, 12:05–12:53 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16875 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1971 falls on Thursday 29 April. Pañcamī runs from 18:16 on Wed 28 Apr to 17:35 on Thu 29 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17551, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1971-04-30T17:45:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-30T17:45:46Z", "ms": 41881546464.05778 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-01T18:46:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-01T18:46:45Z", "ms": 41971605069.1912 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-04-30T17:45:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-30T17:45:46Z", "ms": 41881546464.05778 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-01T18:46:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-01T18:46:45Z", "ms": 41971605069.1912 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-04-30T12:05:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-30T12:05:16Z", "ms": 41861115614.514496 }, "end": { "local": "1971-04-30T12:53:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-04-30T12:53:16Z", "ms": 41863995614.514496 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-01T12:05:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-01T12:05:08Z", "ms": 41947507780.84935 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-01T12:53:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-01T12:53:08Z", "ms": 41950387780.84935 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 17:46 on Fri 30 Apr to 18:47 on Sat 1 May.", "fact": "1971-04-30T17:45:46Z → 1971-05-01T18:46:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 30th, 12:05–12:53 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17551 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1971 falls on Saturday 1 May. Saptamī runs from 17:46 on Fri 30 Apr to 18:47 on Sat 1 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-05-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8248, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-05-05T01:17:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-05T01:17:38Z", "ms": 42254258059.46386 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-06T03:52:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T03:52:41Z", "ms": 42349960877.53243 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-05T01:17:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-05T01:17:38Z", "ms": 42254258059.46386 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-06T03:52:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T03:52:41Z", "ms": 42349960877.53243 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-05T06:10:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-05T06:10:31Z", "ms": 42271831033.8684 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-05T06:10:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-05T06:10:31Z", "ms": 42271831033.8684 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-06T06:10:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T06:10:09Z", "ms": 42358208777.40091 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-06T06:10:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T06:10:09Z", "ms": 42358208777.40091 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:18 on Wed 5 May to 03:53 on Thu 6 May.", "fact": "1971-05-05T01:17:38Z → 1971-05-06T03:52:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:11 on the 5th and 06:10 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8248 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Wednesday 5 May. Ekādaśī runs from 01:18 on Wed 5 May to 03:53 on Thu 6 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-05-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20785, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-05-06T03:52:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T03:52:41Z", "ms": 42349960877.53243 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-07T06:18:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-07T06:18:07Z", "ms": 42445086968.75328 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-06T03:52:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T03:52:41Z", "ms": 42349960877.53243 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-07T06:18:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-07T06:18:07Z", "ms": 42445086968.75328 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-06T12:04:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T12:04:36Z", "ms": 42379476469.49724 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-06T12:52:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T12:52:36Z", "ms": 42382356469.49724 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-07T12:04:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-07T12:04:32Z", "ms": 42465871825.966095 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-07T12:52:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-07T12:52:32Z", "ms": 42468751825.966095 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 03:53 on Thu 6 May to 06:18 on Fri 7 May.", "fact": "1971-05-06T03:52:41Z → 1971-05-07T06:18:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 6th, 12:05–12:53 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20785 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1971 falls on Thursday 6 May. Dvādaśī runs from 03:53 on Thu 6 May to 06:18 on Fri 7 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20785, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-05-06T03:52:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T03:52:41Z", "ms": 42349960877.53243 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-07T06:18:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-07T06:18:07Z", "ms": 42445086968.75328 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-06T03:52:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T03:52:41Z", "ms": 42349960877.53243 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-07T06:18:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-07T06:18:07Z", "ms": 42445086968.75328 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-06T12:04:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T12:04:36Z", "ms": 42379476469.49724 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-06T12:52:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T12:52:36Z", "ms": 42382356469.49724 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-07T12:04:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-07T12:04:32Z", "ms": 42465871825.966095 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-07T12:52:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-07T12:52:32Z", "ms": 42468751825.966095 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 03:53 on Thu 6 May to 06:18 on Fri 7 May.", "fact": "1971-05-06T03:52:41Z → 1971-05-07T06:18:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 6th, 12:05–12:53 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20785 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1971 falls on Thursday 6 May. Dvādaśī runs from 03:53 on Thu 6 May to 06:18 on Fri 7 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-05-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36001, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-05-07T06:18:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-07T06:18:07Z", "ms": 42445086968.75328 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-08T08:24:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-08T08:24:48Z", "ms": 42539088335.26257 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-07T06:18:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-07T06:18:07Z", "ms": 42445086968.75328 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-08T08:24:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-08T08:24:48Z", "ms": 42539088335.26257 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-06T18:47:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T18:47:04Z", "ms": 42403624161.59356 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-06T20:18:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-06T20:18:06Z", "ms": 42409085911.20508 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-07T18:47:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-07T18:47:16Z", "ms": 42490036368.25225 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-07T20:18:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-07T20:18:14Z", "ms": 42495493727.83773 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:18 on Fri 7 May to 08:25 on Sat 8 May.", "fact": "1971-05-07T06:18:07Z → 1971-05-08T08:24:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:47–20:18 on the 6th, 18:47–20:18 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 91 minutes on the 6th and 91 of 91 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36001 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Friday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Friday 7 May. Trayodaśī runs from 06:18 on Fri 7 May to 08:25 on Sat 8 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-05-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31222, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-05-08T08:24:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-08T08:24:48Z", "ms": 42539088335.26257 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-09T10:07:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-09T10:07:20Z", "ms": 42631640052.208015 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-08T08:24:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-08T08:24:48Z", "ms": 42539088335.26257 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-09T10:07:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-09T10:07:20Z", "ms": 42631640052.208015 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-08T18:47:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-08T18:47:29Z", "ms": 42576448908.3031 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-08T20:18:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-08T20:18:22Z", "ms": 42581901938.39035 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-09T18:47:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-09T18:47:42Z", "ms": 42662861780.97878 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-09T20:18:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-09T20:18:31Z", "ms": 42668310543.77932 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:25 on Sat 8 May to 10:07 on Sun 9 May.", "fact": "1971-05-08T08:24:48Z → 1971-05-09T10:07:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:47–20:18 on the 8th, 18:48–20:19 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 91 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31222 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1971 falls on Saturday 8 May. Caturdaśī runs from 08:25 on Sat 8 May to 10:07 on Sun 9 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2449, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-05-09T10:07:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-09T10:07:20Z", "ms": 42631640052.208015 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-10T11:23:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-10T11:23:32Z", "ms": 42722611876.17102 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-09T10:07:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-09T10:07:20Z", "ms": 42631640052.208015 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-10T11:23:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-10T11:23:32Z", "ms": 42722611876.17102 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-09T12:04:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-09T12:04:24Z", "ms": 42638664207.468124 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-09T12:52:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-09T12:52:24Z", "ms": 42641544207.468124 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-10T12:04:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-10T12:04:21Z", "ms": 42725061243.517075 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-10T12:52:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-10T12:52:21Z", "ms": 42727941243.517075 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:07 on Sun 9 May to 11:24 on Mon 10 May.", "fact": "1971-05-09T10:07:20Z → 1971-05-10T11:23:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 9th, 12:04–12:52 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2449 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 9 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-09", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1971 falls on Sunday 9 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:07 on Sun 9 May to 11:24 on Mon 10 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2449, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-05-09T10:07:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-09T10:07:20Z", "ms": 42631640052.208015 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-10T11:23:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-10T11:23:32Z", "ms": 42722611876.17102 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-09T10:07:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-09T10:07:20Z", "ms": 42631640052.208015 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-10T11:23:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-10T11:23:32Z", "ms": 42722611876.17102 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-09T12:04:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-09T12:04:24Z", "ms": 42638664207.468124 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-09T12:52:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-09T12:52:24Z", "ms": 42641544207.468124 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-10T12:04:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-10T12:04:21Z", "ms": 42725061243.517075 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-10T12:52:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-10T12:52:21Z", "ms": 42727941243.517075 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:07 on Sun 9 May to 11:24 on Mon 10 May.", "fact": "1971-05-09T10:07:20Z → 1971-05-10T11:23:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 9th, 12:04–12:52 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2449 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 9 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1971 falls on Sunday 9 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:07 on Sun 9 May to 11:24 on Mon 10 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-05-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32981, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-05-13T12:40:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-13T12:40:18Z", "ms": 42986417523.776695 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-14T12:19:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-14T12:19:48Z", "ms": 43071588087.44663 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-13T12:40:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-13T12:40:18Z", "ms": 42986417523.776695 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-14T12:19:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-14T12:19:48Z", "ms": 43071588087.44663 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-13T21:49:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-13T21:49:58Z", "ms": 43019398063.90235 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-13T21:49:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-13T21:49:58Z", "ms": 43019398063.90235 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-14T22:44:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-14T22:44:09Z", "ms": 43109048893.77488 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-14T22:44:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-14T22:44:09Z", "ms": 43109048893.77488 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:40 on Thu 13 May to 12:20 on Fri 14 May.", "fact": "1971-05-13T12:40:18Z → 1971-05-14T12:19:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:50 on the 13th and 22:44 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32981 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 13 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1971 falls on Thursday 13 May. Caturthī runs from 12:40 on Thu 13 May to 12:20 on Fri 14 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-05-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-05-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12587, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-05-20T02:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-20T02:36:35Z", "ms": 43554995367.95733 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-20T23:51:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-20T23:51:08Z", "ms": 43631467553.29811 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-20T02:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-20T02:36:35Z", "ms": 43554995367.95733 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-20T23:51:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-20T23:51:08Z", "ms": 43631467553.29811 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-20T06:06:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-20T06:06:22Z", "ms": 43567582354.40791 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-20T06:06:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-20T06:06:22Z", "ms": 43567582354.40791 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-21T06:06:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-21T06:06:13Z", "ms": 43653972608.3643 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-21T06:06:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-21T06:06:13Z", "ms": 43653972608.3643 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:37 on Thu 20 May to 23:51 on Thu 20 May.", "fact": "1971-05-20T02:36:35Z → 1971-05-20T23:51:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:06 on the 20th and 06:06 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12587 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aparā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Thursday 20 May. Ekādaśī runs from 02:37 on Thu 20 May to 23:51 on Thu 20 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-05-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-05-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-21", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2120, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-05-21T20:56:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-21T20:56:04Z", "ms": 43707364419.70542 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-22T17:58:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-22T17:58:43Z", "ms": 43783122876.21085 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-21T20:56:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-21T20:56:04Z", "ms": 43707364419.70542 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-22T17:58:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-22T17:58:43Z", "ms": 43783122876.21085 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-21T18:50:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-21T18:50:41Z", "ms": 43699840873.13107 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-21T20:20:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-21T20:20:44Z", "ms": 43705243921.57941 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-22T18:50:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-22T18:50:58Z", "ms": 43786257595.0949 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-22T20:20:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-22T20:20:57Z", "ms": 43791657346.9301 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:56 on Fri 21 May to 17:59 on Sat 22 May.", "fact": "1971-05-21T20:56:04Z → 1971-05-22T17:58:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:51–20:21 on the 21st, 18:51–20:21 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 90 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 90 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 2120 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Friday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-21", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Friday 21 May. Trayodaśī runs from 20:56 on Fri 21 May to 17:59 on Sat 22 May, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-05-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-05-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21944, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-05-22T17:58:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-22T17:58:43Z", "ms": 43783122876.21085 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-23T15:07:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-23T15:07:32Z", "ms": 43859252172.45705 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-22T17:58:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-22T17:58:43Z", "ms": 43783122876.21085 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-23T15:07:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-23T15:07:32Z", "ms": 43859252172.45705 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-23T00:04:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-23T00:04:27Z", "ms": 43805066664.47689 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-23T00:52:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-23T00:52:27Z", "ms": 43807946664.47689 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-24T00:04:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-24T00:04:32Z", "ms": 43891471559.120865 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-24T00:52:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-24T00:52:32Z", "ms": 43894351559.120865 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:59 on Sat 22 May to 15:08 on Sun 23 May.", "fact": "1971-05-22T17:58:43Z → 1971-05-23T15:07:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:04–00:52 on the 22nd, 00:05–00:53 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21944 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1971 falls on Saturday 22 May. Caturdaśī runs from 17:59 on Sat 22 May to 15:08 on Sun 23 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-05-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12071, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1971-05-26T08:43:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-26T08:43:41Z", "ms": 44095420629.04548 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-27T07:47:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-27T07:47:40Z", "ms": 44178459698.65605 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-26T08:43:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-26T08:43:41Z", "ms": 44095420629.04548 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-27T07:47:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-27T07:47:40Z", "ms": 44178459698.65605 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-26T12:04:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-26T12:04:52Z", "ms": 44107491603.06915 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-26T12:52:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-26T12:52:52Z", "ms": 44110371603.06915 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-27T12:04:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-27T12:04:58Z", "ms": 44193898069.863464 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-27T12:52:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-27T12:52:58Z", "ms": 44196778069.863464 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:44 on Wed 26 May to 07:48 on Thu 27 May.", "fact": "1971-05-26T08:43:41Z → 1971-05-27T07:47:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 26th, 12:05–12:53 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12071 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 26 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1971 falls on Wednesday 26 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:44 on Wed 26 May to 07:48 on Thu 27 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-05-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15438, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-05-27T07:47:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-27T07:47:40Z", "ms": 44178459698.65605 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-28T07:37:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-28T07:37:44Z", "ms": 44264264375.79798 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-27T07:47:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-27T07:47:40Z", "ms": 44178459698.65605 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-28T07:37:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-28T07:37:44Z", "ms": 44264264375.79798 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-27T12:04:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-27T12:04:58Z", "ms": 44193898069.863464 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-27T12:52:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-27T12:52:58Z", "ms": 44196778069.863464 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-28T12:05:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-28T12:05:05Z", "ms": 44280304997.946205 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-28T12:53:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-28T12:53:05Z", "ms": 44283184997.946205 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:48 on Thu 27 May to 07:38 on Fri 28 May.", "fact": "1971-05-27T07:47:40Z → 1971-05-28T07:37:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 27th, 12:05–12:53 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15438 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 27 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1971 falls on Thursday 27 May. Caturthī runs from 07:48 on Thu 27 May to 07:38 on Fri 28 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-05-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8922, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1971-05-29T08:15:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-29T08:15:10Z", "ms": 44352910307.794075 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-30T09:36:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-30T09:36:38Z", "ms": 44444197984.270584 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-29T08:15:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-29T08:15:10Z", "ms": 44352910307.794075 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-30T09:36:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-30T09:36:38Z", "ms": 44444197984.270584 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-29T12:05:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-29T12:05:12Z", "ms": 44366712371.690414 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-29T12:53:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-29T12:53:12Z", "ms": 44369592371.690414 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-30T12:05:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-30T12:05:20Z", "ms": 44453120175.63468 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-30T12:53:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-30T12:53:20Z", "ms": 44456000175.63468 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:15 on Sat 29 May to 09:37 on Sun 30 May.", "fact": "1971-05-29T08:15:10Z → 1971-05-30T09:36:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 29th, 12:05–12:53 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8922 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1971 falls on Saturday 29 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:15 on Sat 29 May to 09:37 on Sun 30 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8922, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1971-05-29T08:15:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-29T08:15:10Z", "ms": 44352910307.794075 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-30T09:36:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-30T09:36:38Z", "ms": 44444197984.270584 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-05-29T08:15:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-29T08:15:10Z", "ms": 44352910307.794075 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-30T09:36:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-30T09:36:38Z", "ms": 44444197984.270584 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-29T12:05:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-29T12:05:12Z", "ms": 44366712371.690414 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-29T12:53:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-29T12:53:12Z", "ms": 44369592371.690414 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-05-30T12:05:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-30T12:05:20Z", "ms": 44453120175.63468 }, "end": { "local": "1971-05-30T12:53:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-05-30T12:53:20Z", "ms": 44456000175.63468 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:15 on Sat 29 May to 09:37 on Sun 30 May.", "fact": "1971-05-29T08:15:10Z → 1971-05-30T09:36:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 29th, 12:05–12:53 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8922 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Bamako, 1971: Saturday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1971 falls on Saturday 29 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 08:15 on Sat 29 May to 09:37 on Sun 30 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-06-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33257, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-06-03T18:46:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-03T18:46:56Z", "ms": 44822816325.10204 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-04T20:51:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-04T20:51:10Z", "ms": 44916670167.52758 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-06-03T18:46:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-03T18:46:56Z", "ms": 44822816325.10204 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-04T20:51:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-04T20:51:10Z", "ms": 44916670167.52758 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-04T06:05:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-04T06:05:24Z", "ms": 44863524427.57948 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-04T06:05:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-04T06:05:24Z", "ms": 44863524427.57948 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-05T06:05:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-05T06:05:27Z", "ms": 44949926924.9053 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-05T06:05:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-05T06:05:27Z", "ms": 44949926924.9053 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:47 on Thu 3 Jun to 20:51 on Fri 4 Jun.", "fact": "1971-06-03T18:46:56Z → 1971-06-04T20:51:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:05 on the 4th and 06:05 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33257 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Friday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Friday 4 June. Ekādaśī runs from 18:47 on Thu 3 Jun to 20:51 on Fri 4 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-06-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28625, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-06-04T20:51:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-04T20:51:10Z", "ms": 44916670167.52758 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-05T22:27:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-05T22:27:48Z", "ms": 45008867812.05097 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-06-04T20:51:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-04T20:51:10Z", "ms": 44916670167.52758 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-05T22:27:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-05T22:27:48Z", "ms": 45008867812.05097 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-04T12:06:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-04T12:06:05Z", "ms": 44885165107.44733 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-04T12:54:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-04T12:54:05Z", "ms": 44888045107.44733 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-05T12:06:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-05T12:06:15Z", "ms": 44971575166.685745 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-05T12:54:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-05T12:54:15Z", "ms": 44974455166.685745 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 20:51 on Fri 4 Jun to 22:28 on Sat 5 Jun.", "fact": "1971-06-04T20:51:10Z → 1971-06-05T22:27:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 4th, 12:06–12:54 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28625 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1971 falls on Saturday 5 June. Dvādaśī runs from 20:51 on Fri 4 Jun to 22:28 on Sat 5 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-06-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-06-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7401, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-06-05T22:27:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-05T22:27:48Z", "ms": 45008867812.05097 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-06T23:32:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-06T23:32:13Z", "ms": 45099133033.89654 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-06-05T22:27:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-05T22:27:48Z", "ms": 45008867812.05097 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-06T23:32:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-06T23:32:13Z", "ms": 45099133033.89654 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-05T18:55:03+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-05T18:55:03Z", "ms": 44996103408.4662 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-05T20:24:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-05T20:24:27Z", "ms": 45001466975.231255 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-06T18:55:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-06T18:55:21Z", "ms": 45082520933.80793 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-06T20:24:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-06T20:24:43Z", "ms": 45087882691.81793 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:28 on Sat 5 Jun to 23:32 on Sun 6 Jun.", "fact": "1971-06-05T22:27:48Z → 1971-06-06T23:32:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:55–20:24 on the 5th, 18:55–20:25 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 5th and 89 of 89 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7401 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 6 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Sunday 6 June. Trayodaśī runs from 22:28 on Sat 5 Jun to 23:32 on Sun 6 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-06-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-06-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13102, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-06-08T00:03:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-08T00:03:32Z", "ms": 45187412331.16826 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-09T00:03:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-09T00:03:36Z", "ms": 45273816118.50262 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-06-08T00:03:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-08T00:03:32Z", "ms": 45187412331.16826 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-09T00:03:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-09T00:03:36Z", "ms": 45273816118.50262 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-07T18:55:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-07T18:55:38Z", "ms": 45168938342.886185 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-07T20:24:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-07T20:24:58Z", "ms": 45174298402.778534 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-08T18:55:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-08T18:55:56Z", "ms": 45255355615.40416 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-08T20:25:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-08T20:25:14Z", "ms": 45260714088.90405 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:04 on Tue 8 Jun to 00:04 on Wed 9 Jun.", "fact": "1971-06-08T00:03:32Z → 1971-06-09T00:03:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:56–20:25 on the 7th, 18:56–20:25 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 7th and 89 of 89 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13102 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 8 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1971 falls on Tuesday 8 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:04 on Tue 8 Jun to 00:04 on Wed 9 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-06-11", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-06-11", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 103, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-06-11T21:33:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-11T21:33:18Z", "ms": 45523997700.04496 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-12T20:05:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-12T20:05:50Z", "ms": 45605149948.44842 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-06-11T21:33:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-11T21:33:18Z", "ms": 45523997700.04496 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-12T20:05:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-12T20:05:50Z", "ms": 45605149948.44842 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-11T21:31:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-11T21:31:35Z", "ms": 45523894745.28934 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-11T21:31:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-11T21:31:35Z", "ms": 45523894745.28934 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-12T22:20:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-12T22:20:35Z", "ms": 45613235427.47277 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-12T22:20:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-12T22:20:35Z", "ms": 45613235427.47277 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:33 on Fri 11 Jun to 20:06 on Sat 12 Jun.", "fact": "1971-06-11T21:33:18Z → 1971-06-12T20:05:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:32 on the 11th and 22:21 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 103 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Friday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-11", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1971 falls on Friday 11 June. Caturthī runs from 21:33 on Fri 11 Jun to 20:06 on Sat 12 Jun, and is current at moonrise on neither day. It is 1 min 43 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-06-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-06-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-06-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2960, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-06-18T07:38:26+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-18T07:38:26Z", "ms": 46078706396.41414 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-19T05:17:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-19T05:17:53Z", "ms": 46156673360.20594 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-06-18T07:38:26+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-18T07:38:26Z", "ms": 46078706396.41414 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-19T05:17:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-19T05:17:53Z", "ms": 46156673360.20594 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-18T06:07:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-18T06:07:02Z", "ms": 46073221817.33053 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-18T06:07:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-18T06:07:02Z", "ms": 46073221817.33053 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-19T06:07:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-19T06:07:13Z", "ms": 46159633383.56421 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-19T06:07:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-19T06:07:13Z", "ms": 46159633383.56421 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:38 on Fri 18 Jun to 05:18 on Sat 19 Jun.", "fact": "1971-06-18T07:38:26Z → 1971-06-19T05:17:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:07 on the 18th and 06:07 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 2960 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Friday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Friday 18 June. Ekādaśī runs from 07:38 on Fri 18 Jun to 05:18 on Sat 19 Jun, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-06-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-06-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16323, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-06-20T03:03:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-20T03:03:08Z", "ms": 46234987854.36828 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-21T01:00:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-21T01:00:16Z", "ms": 46314015893.84261 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-06-20T03:03:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-20T03:03:08Z", "ms": 46234987854.36828 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-21T01:00:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-21T01:00:16Z", "ms": 46314015893.84261 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-19T18:58:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-19T18:58:51Z", "ms": 46205930574.02305 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-19T20:27:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-19T20:27:59Z", "ms": 46211279224.988464 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-20T18:59:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-20T18:59:05Z", "ms": 46292344504.85049 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-20T20:28:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-20T20:28:13Z", "ms": 46297692971.93191 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:03 on Sun 20 Jun to 01:00 on Mon 21 Jun.", "fact": "1971-06-20T03:03:08Z → 1971-06-21T01:00:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:59–20:28 on the 19th, 18:59–20:28 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 19th and 89 of 89 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16323 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Sunday 20 June. Trayodaśī runs from 03:03 on Sun 20 Jun to 01:00 on Mon 21 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-06-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-06-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-06-20", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 175, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-06-21T01:00:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-21T01:00:16Z", "ms": 46314015893.84261 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-21T23:16:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-21T23:16:02Z", "ms": 46394161729.311455 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-06-21T01:00:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-21T01:00:16Z", "ms": 46314015893.84261 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-21T23:16:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-21T23:16:02Z", "ms": 46394161729.311455 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-21T00:09:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-21T00:09:21Z", "ms": 46310961256.40582 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-21T00:57:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-21T00:57:21Z", "ms": 46313841256.40582 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-22T00:09:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-22T00:09:35Z", "ms": 46397374500.88764 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-22T00:57:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-22T00:57:35Z", "ms": 46400254500.88764 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:00 on Mon 21 Jun to 23:16 on Mon 21 Jun.", "fact": "1971-06-21T01:00:16Z → 1971-06-21T23:16:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:09–00:57 on the 20th, 00:10–00:58 on the 21st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither night qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 175 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-20", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-20", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1971 falls on Sunday 20 June. Caturdaśī runs from 01:00 on Mon 21 Jun to 23:16 on Mon 21 Jun, and reaches niśītha on neither day. It is 2 min 55 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-06-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-06-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28954, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1971-06-23T21:10:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-23T21:10:31Z", "ms": 46559430530.04715 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-24T21:00:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-24T21:00:41Z", "ms": 46645241045.39353 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-06-23T21:10:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-23T21:10:31Z", "ms": 46559430530.04715 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-24T21:00:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-24T21:00:41Z", "ms": 46645241045.39353 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-23T12:09:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-23T12:09:54Z", "ms": 46526993975.78172 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-23T12:57:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-23T12:57:54Z", "ms": 46529873975.78172 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-24T12:10:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-24T12:10:07Z", "ms": 46613406874.96344 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-24T12:58:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-24T12:58:07Z", "ms": 46616286874.96344 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 21:11 on Wed 23 Jun to 21:01 on Thu 24 Jun.", "fact": "1971-06-23T21:10:31Z → 1971-06-24T21:00:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 23rd, 12:10–12:58 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28954 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 24 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rathayātrā 1971 falls on Thursday 24 June. Dvitīyā runs from 21:11 on Wed 23 Jun to 21:01 on Thu 24 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-06-26", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-06-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30738, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-06-25T21:30:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-25T21:30:38Z", "ms": 46733437684.853096 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-26T22:39:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-26T22:39:53Z", "ms": 46823992507.60169 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-06-25T21:30:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-25T21:30:38Z", "ms": 46733437684.853096 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-26T22:39:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-26T22:39:53Z", "ms": 46823992507.60169 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-25T12:10:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-25T12:10:20Z", "ms": 46699819677.474014 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-25T12:58:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-25T12:58:20Z", "ms": 46702699677.474014 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-26T12:10:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-26T12:10:32Z", "ms": 46786232356.25591 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-26T12:58:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-26T12:58:32Z", "ms": 46789112356.25591 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:31 on Fri 25 Jun to 22:40 on Sat 26 Jun.", "fact": "1971-06-25T21:30:38Z → 1971-06-26T22:39:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 25th, 12:11–12:59 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30738 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 26 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1971 falls on Saturday 26 June. Caturthī runs from 21:31 on Fri 25 Jun to 22:40 on Sat 26 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-06-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-06-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34880, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1971-06-26T22:39:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-26T22:39:53Z", "ms": 46823992507.60169 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-28T00:23:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-28T00:23:57Z", "ms": 46916636800.914635 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-06-26T22:39:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-26T22:39:53Z", "ms": 46823992507.60169 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-28T00:23:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-28T00:23:57Z", "ms": 46916636800.914635 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-26T12:10:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-26T12:10:32Z", "ms": 46786232356.25591 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-26T12:58:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-26T12:58:32Z", "ms": 46789112356.25591 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-27T12:10:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-27T12:10:45Z", "ms": 46872644885.231 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-27T12:58:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-27T12:58:45Z", "ms": 46875524885.231 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 22:40 on Sat 26 Jun to 00:24 on Mon 28 Jun.", "fact": "1971-06-26T22:39:53Z → 1971-06-28T00:23:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 26th, 12:11–12:59 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34880 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 27 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Skanda Pañcamī 1971 falls on Sunday 27 June. Pañcamī runs from 22:40 on Sat 26 Jun to 00:24 on Mon 28 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-06-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25990, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1971-06-29T02:34:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-29T02:34:09Z", "ms": 47010848631.64753 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-30T04:58:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-30T04:58:12Z", "ms": 47105891670.647194 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-06-29T02:34:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-29T02:34:09Z", "ms": 47010848631.64753 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-30T04:58:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-30T04:58:12Z", "ms": 47105891670.647194 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-29T12:11:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-29T12:11:09Z", "ms": 47045469394.36986 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-29T12:59:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-29T12:59:09Z", "ms": 47048349394.36986 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-06-30T12:11:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-30T12:11:21Z", "ms": 47131881327.206696 }, "end": { "local": "1971-06-30T12:59:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-06-30T12:59:21Z", "ms": 47134761327.206696 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 02:34 on Tue 29 Jun to 04:58 on Wed 30 Jun.", "fact": "1971-06-29T02:34:09Z → 1971-06-30T04:58:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 29th, 12:11–12:59 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25990 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 29 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vivasvat Saptamī 1971 falls on Tuesday 29 June. Saptamī runs from 02:34 on Tue 29 Jun to 04:58 on Wed 30 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-07-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18171, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-07-03T11:13:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-03T11:13:27Z", "ms": 47387606684.21936 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-04T12:21:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-04T12:21:19Z", "ms": 47478079006.383224 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-03T11:13:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-03T11:13:27Z", "ms": 47387606684.21936 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-04T12:21:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-04T12:21:19Z", "ms": 47478079006.383224 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-03T06:10:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-03T06:10:36Z", "ms": 47369435628.285095 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-03T06:10:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-03T06:10:36Z", "ms": 47369435628.285095 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-04T06:10:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-04T06:10:52Z", "ms": 47455851863.82826 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-04T06:10:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-04T06:10:52Z", "ms": 47455851863.82826 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:13 on Sat 3 Jul to 12:21 on Sun 4 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-03T11:13:27Z → 1971-07-04T12:21:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:11 on the 3rd and 06:11 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18171 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 4 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Sunday 4 July. Ekādaśī runs from 11:13 on Sat 3 Jul to 12:21 on Sun 4 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-07-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-07-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22260, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-07-05T12:50:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-05T12:50:25Z", "ms": 47566225124.27609 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-06T12:40:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-06T12:40:30Z", "ms": 47652030392.98421 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-05T12:50:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-05T12:50:25Z", "ms": 47566225124.27609 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-06T12:40:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-06T12:40:30Z", "ms": 47652030392.98421 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-05T19:01:26+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-05T19:01:26Z", "ms": 47588485616.46335 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-05T20:30:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-05T20:30:45Z", "ms": 47593845484.95885 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-06T19:01:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-06T19:01:30Z", "ms": 47674889521.46785 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-06T20:30:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-06T20:30:51Z", "ms": 47680251067.71523 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:50 on Mon 5 Jul to 12:41 on Tue 6 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-05T12:50:25Z → 1971-07-06T12:40:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:31 on the 5th, 19:01–20:31 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 89 of 89 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 89 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22260 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Monday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Monday 5 July. Trayodaśī runs from 12:50 on Mon 5 Jul to 12:41 on Tue 6 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-07-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1098, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-07-07T11:54:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T11:54:19Z", "ms": 47735659165.17639 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T10:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T10:36:35Z", "ms": 47817395438.88996 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-07T11:54:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T11:54:19Z", "ms": 47735659165.17639 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T10:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T10:36:35Z", "ms": 47817395438.88996 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-07T12:12:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T12:12:37Z", "ms": 47736756883.58474 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-07T13:00:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T13:00:37Z", "ms": 47739636883.58474 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-08T12:12:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T12:12:46Z", "ms": 47823166319.13301 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T13:00:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T13:00:46Z", "ms": 47826046319.13301 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:54 on Wed 7 Jul to 10:37 on Thu 8 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-07T11:54:19Z → 1971-07-08T10:36:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 7th, 12:13–13:01 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1098 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Guru Pūrṇimā 1971 falls on Wednesday 7 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:54 on Wed 7 Jul to 10:37 on Thu 8 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16395, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-07-07T11:54:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T11:54:19Z", "ms": 47735659165.17639 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T10:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T10:36:35Z", "ms": 47817395438.88996 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-07T11:54:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T11:54:19Z", "ms": 47735659165.17639 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T10:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T10:36:35Z", "ms": 47817395438.88996 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-07T16:27:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T16:27:34Z", "ms": 47752054342.74164 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-07T19:01:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T19:01:33Z", "ms": 47761292648.84624 } }, "covered_min": 154, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-08T16:27:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T16:27:40Z", "ms": 47838459520.807045 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T19:01:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T19:01:35Z", "ms": 47847694988.58973 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:54 on Wed 7 Jul to 10:37 on Thu 8 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-07T11:54:19Z → 1971-07-08T10:36:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:28–19:02 on the 7th, 16:28–19:02 on the 8th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 154 of 154 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 154 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16395 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kokilā Vrata 1971 falls on Wednesday 7 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:54 on Wed 7 Jul to 10:37 on Thu 8 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25633, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-07-07T11:54:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T11:54:19Z", "ms": 47735659165.17639 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T10:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T10:36:35Z", "ms": 47817395438.88996 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-07T11:54:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T11:54:19Z", "ms": 47735659165.17639 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T10:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T10:36:35Z", "ms": 47817395438.88996 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-07T19:01:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T19:01:33Z", "ms": 47761292648.84624 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-07T20:30:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T20:30:56Z", "ms": 47766655982.290245 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-08T19:01:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T19:01:35Z", "ms": 47847694988.58973 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T20:31:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T20:31:00Z", "ms": 47853060217.499016 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:54 on Wed 7 Jul to 10:37 on Thu 8 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-07T11:54:19Z → 1971-07-08T10:36:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:02–20:31 on the 7th, 19:02–20:31 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 89 of 89 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 89 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25633 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śiva Śayanotsava 1971 falls on Wednesday 7 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:54 on Wed 7 Jul to 10:37 on Thu 8 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6642, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-07-07T11:54:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T11:54:19Z", "ms": 47735659165.17639 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T10:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T10:36:35Z", "ms": 47817395438.88996 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-07T11:54:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T11:54:19Z", "ms": 47735659165.17639 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T10:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T10:36:35Z", "ms": 47817395438.88996 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-07T06:11:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T06:11:41Z", "ms": 47715101118.32324 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-07T08:45:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-07T08:45:39Z", "ms": 47724339424.42784 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-08T06:11:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T06:11:58Z", "ms": 47801517649.6763 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T08:45:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T08:45:53Z", "ms": 47810753117.458984 } }, "covered_min": 154, "window_min": 154, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:54 on Wed 7 Jul to 10:37 on Thu 8 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-07T11:54:19Z → 1971-07-08T10:36:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:12–08:46 on the 7th, 06:12–08:46 on the 8th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 154 minutes on the 7th and 154 of 154 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6642 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vyāsa Pūjā 1971 falls on Thursday 8 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:54 on Wed 7 Jul to 10:37 on Thu 8 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38114, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1971-07-09T08:53:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-09T08:53:08Z", "ms": 47897588358.307175 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-10T06:50:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-10T06:50:09Z", "ms": 47976608959.32409 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-09T08:53:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-09T08:53:08Z", "ms": 47897588358.307175 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-10T06:50:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-10T06:50:09Z", "ms": 47976608959.32409 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-08T19:23:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T19:23:16Z", "ms": 47848996426.819046 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-08T19:23:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-08T19:23:16Z", "ms": 47848996426.819046 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-09T20:14:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-09T20:14:55Z", "ms": 47938495343.44721 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-09T20:14:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-09T20:14:55Z", "ms": 47938495343.44721 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 08:53 on Fri 9 Jul to 06:50 on Sat 10 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-09T08:53:08Z → 1971-07-10T06:50:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:23 on the 8th and 20:15 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38114 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Bamako, 1971: Friday 9 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1971 falls on Friday 9 July. Dvitīyā runs from 08:53 on Fri 9 Jul to 06:50 on Sat 10 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-07-11", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15703, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-07-11T04:33:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-11T04:33:39Z", "ms": 48054819438.018906 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-12T02:09:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-12T02:09:14Z", "ms": 48132553800.07056 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-11T04:33:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-11T04:33:39Z", "ms": 48054819438.018906 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-12T02:09:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-12T02:09:14Z", "ms": 48132553800.07056 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-10T21:02:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-10T21:02:46Z", "ms": 48027766407.13545 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-10T21:02:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-10T21:02:46Z", "ms": 48027766407.13545 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-11T21:47:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-11T21:47:31Z", "ms": 48116851102.06417 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-11T21:47:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-11T21:47:31Z", "ms": 48116851102.06417 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:34 on Sun 11 Jul to 02:09 on Mon 12 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-11T04:33:39Z → 1971-07-12T02:09:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:03 on the 10th and 21:48 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 10th and is on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15703 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 11 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1971 falls on Sunday 11 July. Caturthī runs from 04:34 on Sun 11 Jul to 02:09 on Mon 12 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-07-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-07-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18392, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-07-17T12:51:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-17T12:51:48Z", "ms": 48603108132.73813 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-18T11:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-18T11:21:13Z", "ms": 48684072918.42953 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-17T12:51:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-17T12:51:48Z", "ms": 48603108132.73813 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-18T11:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-18T11:21:13Z", "ms": 48684072918.42953 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-17T06:14:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-17T06:14:25Z", "ms": 48579265414.932884 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-17T06:14:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-17T06:14:25Z", "ms": 48579265414.932884 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-18T06:14:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-18T06:14:41Z", "ms": 48665681385.43875 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-18T06:14:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-18T06:14:41Z", "ms": 48665681385.43875 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:52 on Sat 17 Jul to 11:21 on Sun 18 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-17T12:51:48Z → 1971-07-18T11:21:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:14 on the 17th and 06:15 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 17th and is on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18392 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Sunday 18 July. Ekādaśī runs from 12:52 on Sat 17 Jul to 11:21 on Sun 18 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-07-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-07-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31807, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-07-19T10:11:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-19T10:11:00Z", "ms": 48766259697.69777 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-20T09:24:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-20T09:24:28Z", "ms": 48849868058.65289 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-19T10:11:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-19T10:11:00Z", "ms": 48766259697.69777 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-20T09:24:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-20T09:24:28Z", "ms": 48849868058.65289 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-19T19:01:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-19T19:01:07Z", "ms": 48798066529.27645 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-19T20:30:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-19T20:30:59Z", "ms": 48803459367.43009 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-20T19:00:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-20T19:00:59Z", "ms": 48884458826.567924 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-20T20:30:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-20T20:30:55Z", "ms": 48889854747.32979 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:11 on Mon 19 Jul to 09:24 on Tue 20 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-19T10:11:00Z → 1971-07-20T09:24:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:31 on the 19th, 19:01–20:31 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 90 of 90 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 90 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31807 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Monday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Monday 19 July. Trayodaśī runs from 10:11 on Mon 19 Jul to 09:24 on Tue 20 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-07-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28959, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-07-20T09:24:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-20T09:24:28Z", "ms": 48849868058.65289 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-21T09:04:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-21T09:04:52Z", "ms": 48935092065.50522 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-20T09:24:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-20T09:24:28Z", "ms": 48849868058.65289 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-21T09:04:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-21T09:04:52Z", "ms": 48935092065.50522 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-20T00:14:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-20T00:14:10Z", "ms": 48816849672.3526 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-20T01:02:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-20T01:02:10Z", "ms": 48819729672.3526 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-21T00:14:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-21T00:14:14Z", "ms": 48903253529.42491 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-21T01:02:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-21T01:02:14Z", "ms": 48906133529.42491 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 09:24 on Tue 20 Jul to 09:05 on Wed 21 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-20T09:24:28Z → 1971-07-21T09:04:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:14–01:02 on the 19th, 00:14–01:02 on the 20th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28959 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1971 falls on Tuesday 20 July. Caturdaśī runs from 09:24 on Tue 20 Jul to 09:05 on Wed 21 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-07-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 618, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1971-07-24T11:09:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-24T11:09:37Z", "ms": 49201777352.477036 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-25T12:51:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-25T12:51:59Z", "ms": 49294319098.85508 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-24T11:09:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-24T11:09:37Z", "ms": 49201777352.477036 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-25T12:51:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-25T12:51:59Z", "ms": 49294319098.85508 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-24T12:14:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-24T12:14:16Z", "ms": 49205656085.764465 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-24T13:02:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-24T13:02:16Z", "ms": 49208536085.764465 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-25T12:14:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-25T12:14:17Z", "ms": 49292057200.43934 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-25T13:02:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-25T13:02:17Z", "ms": 49294937200.43934 } }, "covered_min": 38, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 11:10 on Sat 24 Jul to 12:52 on Sun 25 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-24T11:09:37Z → 1971-07-25T12:51:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 24th, 12:14–13:02 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 38 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 618 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 25 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1971 falls on Sunday 25 July. Tṛtīyā runs from 11:10 on Sat 24 Jul to 12:52 on Sun 25 Jul and covers 38 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-07-26", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-26", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 618, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-07-25T12:51:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-25T12:51:59Z", "ms": 49294319098.85508 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-26T14:58:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-26T14:58:22Z", "ms": 49388301805.71772 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-25T12:51:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-25T12:51:59Z", "ms": 49294319098.85508 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-26T14:58:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-26T14:58:22Z", "ms": 49388301805.71772 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-25T12:14:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-25T12:14:17Z", "ms": 49292057200.43934 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-25T13:02:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-25T13:02:17Z", "ms": 49294937200.43934 } }, "covered_min": 10, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-26T12:14:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-26T12:14:18Z", "ms": 49378457715.83621 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-26T13:02:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-26T13:02:18Z", "ms": 49381337715.83621 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:52 on Sun 25 Jul to 14:58 on Mon 26 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-25T12:51:59Z → 1971-07-26T14:58:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 25th, 12:14–13:02 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 10 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 618 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 26 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-26", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-26", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1971 falls on Monday 26 July. Caturthī runs from 12:52 on Sun 25 Jul to 14:58 on Mon 26 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 10 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-07-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-07-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6964, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1971-07-26T14:58:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-26T14:58:22Z", "ms": 49388301805.71772 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-27T17:20:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-27T17:20:22Z", "ms": 49483221808.79572 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-07-26T14:58:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-26T14:58:22Z", "ms": 49388301805.71772 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-27T17:20:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-27T17:20:22Z", "ms": 49483221808.79572 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-26T12:14:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-26T12:14:18Z", "ms": 49378457715.83621 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-26T13:02:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-26T13:02:18Z", "ms": 49381337715.83621 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-07-27T12:14:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-27T12:14:18Z", "ms": 49464857624.98309 }, "end": { "local": "1971-07-27T13:02:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-07-27T13:02:18Z", "ms": 49467737624.98309 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 14:58 on Mon 26 Jul to 17:20 on Tue 27 Jul.", "fact": "1971-07-26T14:58:22Z → 1971-07-27T17:20:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 26th, 12:14–13:02 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6964 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 27 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nāga Pañcamī 1971 falls on Tuesday 27 July. Pañcamī runs from 14:58 on Mon 26 Jul to 17:20 on Tue 27 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-08-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14613, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-02T02:13:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-02T02:13:02Z", "ms": 49947182340.025314 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-03T02:14:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-03T02:14:49Z", "ms": 50033688938.14694 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-02T02:13:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-02T02:13:02Z", "ms": 49947182340.025314 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-03T02:14:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-03T02:14:49Z", "ms": 50033688938.14694 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-02T06:18:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-02T06:18:11Z", "ms": 49961890850.50802 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-02T06:18:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-02T06:18:11Z", "ms": 49961890850.50802 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-03T06:18:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-03T06:18:22Z", "ms": 50048302154.38373 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-03T06:18:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-03T06:18:22Z", "ms": 50048302154.38373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:13 on Mon 2 Aug to 02:15 on Tue 3 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-02T02:13:02Z → 1971-08-03T02:14:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:18 on the 2nd and 06:18 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14613 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Putradā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Monday 2 August. Ekādaśī runs from 02:13 on Mon 2 Aug to 02:15 on Tue 3 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-08-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35951, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-03T02:14:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-03T02:14:49Z", "ms": 50033688938.14694 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-04T01:32:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-04T01:32:37Z", "ms": 50117556574.06907 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-03T02:14:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-03T02:14:49Z", "ms": 50033688938.14694 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-04T01:32:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-04T01:32:37Z", "ms": 50117556574.06907 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-03T12:14:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-03T12:14:00Z", "ms": 50069639701.24374 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-03T13:02:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-03T13:02:00Z", "ms": 50072519701.24374 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-04T12:13:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-04T12:13:55Z", "ms": 50156034665.11929 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-04T13:01:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-04T13:01:55Z", "ms": 50158914665.11929 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 02:15 on Tue 3 Aug to 01:33 on Wed 4 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-03T02:14:49Z → 1971-08-04T01:32:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 3rd, 12:14–13:02 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35951 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1971 falls on Tuesday 3 August. Dvādaśī runs from 02:15 on Tue 3 Aug to 01:33 on Wed 4 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-08-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13272, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-04T01:32:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-04T01:32:37Z", "ms": 50117556574.06907 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-05T00:09:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-05T00:09:20Z", "ms": 50198960334.95496 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-04T01:32:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-04T01:32:37Z", "ms": 50117556574.06907 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-05T00:09:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-05T00:09:20Z", "ms": 50198960334.95496 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-03T18:57:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-03T18:57:37Z", "ms": 50093857248.103745 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-03T20:28:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-03T20:28:25Z", "ms": 50099304691.98781 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-04T18:57:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-04T18:57:16Z", "ms": 50180236253.00437 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-04T20:28:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-04T20:28:08Z", "ms": 50185687901.54904 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:33 on Wed 4 Aug to 00:09 on Thu 5 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-04T01:32:37Z → 1971-08-05T00:09:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:58–20:28 on the 3rd, 18:57–20:28 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 91 minutes on the 3rd and 91 of 91 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13272 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Wednesday 4 August. Trayodaśī runs from 01:33 on Wed 4 Aug to 00:09 on Thu 5 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-08-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9634, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-08-05T22:10:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-05T22:10:18Z", "ms": 50278217589.10625 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-06T19:42:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-06T19:42:20Z", "ms": 50355740385.97987 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1971-08-06T08:59:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-06T08:59:28Z", "ms": 50317167510.63905 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-06T19:42:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-06T19:42:20Z", "ms": 50355740385.97987 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-05T06:18:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-05T06:18:44Z", "ms": 50221123617.08941 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-06T06:18:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-06T06:18:54Z", "ms": 50307533773.67436 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-06T06:18:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-06T06:18:54Z", "ms": 50307533773.67436 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-07T06:19:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-07T06:19:04Z", "ms": 50393943548.3504 } }, "covered_min": 643, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:10 on Thu 5 Aug to 19:42 on Fri 6 Aug. Its second half begins at 08:59 on Fri 6 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-05T22:10:18Z → 1971-08-06T19:42:20Z · second half from 1971-08-06T08:59:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:19 on the 5th, and from 06:19 on the 6th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 0 of 1440 minutes on the 5th and 643 of 1440 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9634 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Bamako, 1971: Friday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1971 falls on Friday 6 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 08:59 on Fri 6 Aug to 19:42 on Fri 6 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24038, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-08-05T22:10:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-05T22:10:18Z", "ms": 50278217589.10625 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-06T19:42:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-06T19:42:20Z", "ms": 50355740385.97987 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-05T22:10:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-05T22:10:18Z", "ms": 50278217589.10625 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-06T19:42:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-06T19:42:20Z", "ms": 50355740385.97987 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-05T12:13:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-05T12:13:49Z", "ms": 50242429018.84381 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-05T13:01:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-05T13:01:49Z", "ms": 50245309018.84381 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-06T12:13:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-06T12:13:43Z", "ms": 50328822768.91096 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-06T13:01:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-06T13:01:43Z", "ms": 50331702768.91096 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:10 on Thu 5 Aug to 19:42 on Fri 6 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-05T22:10:18Z → 1971-08-06T19:42:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 5th, 12:14–13:02 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24038 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Bamako, 1971: Friday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1971 falls on Friday 6 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:10 on Thu 5 Aug to 19:42 on Fri 6 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10063, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1971-08-07T16:53:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-07T16:53:15Z", "ms": 50431995031.157364 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-08T13:51:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-08T13:51:11Z", "ms": 50507470570.82049 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-07T16:53:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-07T16:53:15Z", "ms": 50431995031.157364 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-08T13:51:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-08T13:51:11Z", "ms": 50507470570.82049 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-07T19:40:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-07T19:40:58Z", "ms": 50442057972.45035 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-07T19:40:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-07T19:40:58Z", "ms": 50442057972.45035 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-08T20:25:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-08T20:25:47Z", "ms": 50531147448.81636 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-08T20:25:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-08T20:25:47Z", "ms": 50531147448.81636 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 16:53 on Sat 7 Aug to 13:51 on Sun 8 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-07T16:53:15Z → 1971-08-08T13:51:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:41 on the 7th and 20:26 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10063 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1971 falls on Saturday 7 August. Dvitīyā runs from 16:53 on Sat 7 Aug to 13:51 on Sun 8 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2982, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1971-08-08T13:51:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-08T13:51:11Z", "ms": 50507470570.82049 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-09T10:44:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-09T10:44:15Z", "ms": 50582654824.638115 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-08T13:51:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-08T13:51:11Z", "ms": 50507470570.82049 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-09T10:44:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-09T10:44:15Z", "ms": 50582654824.638115 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-08T12:13:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-08T12:13:28Z", "ms": 50501608490.45813 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-08T13:01:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-08T13:01:28Z", "ms": 50504488490.45813 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-09T12:13:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-09T12:13:20Z", "ms": 50588000480.52222 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-09T13:01:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-09T13:01:20Z", "ms": 50590880480.52222 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 13:51 on Sun 8 Aug to 10:44 on Mon 9 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-08T13:51:11Z → 1971-08-09T10:44:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 8th, 12:13–13:01 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 2982 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1971: Monday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1971 falls on Monday 9 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 13:51 on Sun 8 Aug to 10:44 on Mon 9 Aug, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20393, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-09T10:44:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-09T10:44:15Z", "ms": 50582654824.638115 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-10T07:40:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-10T07:40:16Z", "ms": 50658015501.56183 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-09T10:44:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-09T10:44:15Z", "ms": 50582654824.638115 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-10T07:40:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-10T07:40:16Z", "ms": 50658015501.56183 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-09T16:24:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-09T16:24:08Z", "ms": 50603047590.393105 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-09T18:55:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-09T18:55:19Z", "ms": 50612118996.973694 } }, "covered_min": 151, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-10T16:23:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-10T16:23:49Z", "ms": 50689428677.41825 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-10T18:54:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-10T18:54:53Z", "ms": 50698493193.49235 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:44 on Mon 9 Aug to 07:40 on Tue 10 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-09T10:44:15Z → 1971-08-10T07:40:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:24–18:55 on the 9th, 16:24–18:55 on the 10th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 151 of 151 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 151 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20393 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bahulā Caturthī 1971 falls on Monday 9 August. Caturthī runs from 10:44 on Mon 9 Aug to 07:40 on Tue 10 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-08-09", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37519, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-09T10:44:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-09T10:44:15Z", "ms": 50582654824.638115 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-10T07:40:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-10T07:40:16Z", "ms": 50658015501.56183 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-09T10:44:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-09T10:44:15Z", "ms": 50582654824.638115 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-10T07:40:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-10T07:40:16Z", "ms": 50658015501.56183 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-09T21:09:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-09T21:09:33Z", "ms": 50620173493.07662 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-09T21:09:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-09T21:09:33Z", "ms": 50620173493.07662 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-10T21:53:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-10T21:53:40Z", "ms": 50709220214.790855 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-10T21:53:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-10T21:53:40Z", "ms": 50709220214.790855 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:44 on Mon 9 Aug to 07:40 on Tue 10 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-09T10:44:15Z → 1971-08-10T07:40:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:10 on the 9th and 21:54 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37519 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1971 falls on Monday 9 August. Caturthī runs from 10:44 on Mon 9 Aug to 07:40 on Tue 10 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-08-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26799, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-11T04:46:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-11T04:46:24Z", "ms": 50733984152.38472 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-12T02:09:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-12T02:09:02Z", "ms": 50810941686.44503 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-11T04:46:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-11T04:46:24Z", "ms": 50733984152.38472 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-12T02:09:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-12T02:09:02Z", "ms": 50810941686.44503 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-11T12:13:03+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-11T12:13:03Z", "ms": 50760782768.66164 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-11T13:01:03+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-11T13:01:03Z", "ms": 50763662768.66164 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-12T12:12:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-12T12:12:53Z", "ms": 50847173085.9783 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-12T13:00:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-12T13:00:53Z", "ms": 50850053085.9783 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 04:46 on Wed 11 Aug to 02:09 on Thu 12 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-11T04:46:24Z → 1971-08-12T02:09:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 11th, 12:13–13:01 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26799 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1971 falls on Wednesday 11 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 04:46 on Wed 11 Aug to 02:09 on Thu 12 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1171, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-12T23:53:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-12T23:53:25Z", "ms": 50889205495.87865 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-13T22:03:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-13T22:03:40Z", "ms": 50969019505.93109 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-12T23:53:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-12T23:53:25Z", "ms": 50889205495.87865 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-13T22:03:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-13T22:03:40Z", "ms": 50969019505.93109 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-13T00:12:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-13T00:12:57Z", "ms": 50890376865.04642 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-13T01:00:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-13T01:00:57Z", "ms": 50893256865.04642 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-14T00:12:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-14T00:12:46Z", "ms": 50976766463.88953 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-14T01:00:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-14T01:00:46Z", "ms": 50979646463.88953 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 23:53 on Thu 12 Aug to 22:04 on Fri 13 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-12T23:53:25Z → 1971-08-13T22:03:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:13–01:01 on the 12th, 00:13–01:01 on the 13th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1171 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Janmāṣṭamī 1971 falls on Thursday 12 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 23:53 on Thu 12 Aug to 22:04 on Fri 13 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36231, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-12T02:09:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-12T02:09:02Z", "ms": 50810941686.44503 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-12T23:53:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-12T23:53:25Z", "ms": 50889205495.87865 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-12T02:09:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-12T02:09:02Z", "ms": 50810941686.44503 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-12T23:53:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-12T23:53:25Z", "ms": 50889205495.87865 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-12T12:12:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-12T12:12:53Z", "ms": 50847173085.9783 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-12T13:00:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-12T13:00:53Z", "ms": 50850053085.9783 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-13T12:12:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-13T12:12:43Z", "ms": 50933562864.02222 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-13T13:00:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-13T13:00:43Z", "ms": 50936442864.02222 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 02:09 on Thu 12 Aug to 23:53 on Thu 12 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-12T02:09:02Z → 1971-08-12T23:53:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 12th, 12:13–13:01 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36231 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śītalā Saptamī 1971 falls on Thursday 12 August. Saptamī runs from 02:09 on Thu 12 Aug to 23:53 on Thu 12 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-08-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37731, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-15T19:51:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-15T19:51:24Z", "ms": 51133883716.89145 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-16T19:30:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-16T19:30:45Z", "ms": 51219044620.2682 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-15T19:51:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-15T19:51:24Z", "ms": 51133883716.89145 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-16T19:30:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-16T19:30:45Z", "ms": 51219044620.2682 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-16T06:20:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-16T06:20:15Z", "ms": 51171614901.87232 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-16T06:20:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-16T06:20:15Z", "ms": 51171614901.87232 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-17T06:20:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-17T06:20:21Z", "ms": 51258021034.63626 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-17T06:20:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-17T06:20:21Z", "ms": 51258021034.63626 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:51 on Sun 15 Aug to 19:31 on Mon 16 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-15T19:51:24Z → 1971-08-16T19:30:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:20 on the 16th and 06:20 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37731 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ajā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Monday 16 August. Ekādaśī runs from 19:51 on Sun 15 Aug to 19:31 on Mon 16 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-08-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-08-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 295, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-17T19:40:01+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-17T19:40:01Z", "ms": 51306000522.715485 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-18T20:18:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-18T20:18:02Z", "ms": 51394681826.006996 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-17T19:40:01+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-17T19:40:01Z", "ms": 51306000522.715485 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-18T20:18:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-18T20:18:02Z", "ms": 51394681826.006996 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-17T18:51:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-17T18:51:32Z", "ms": 51303092444.79035 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-17T20:23:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-17T20:23:24Z", "ms": 51308603694.04012 } }, "covered_min": 43, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-18T18:51:01+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-18T18:51:01Z", "ms": 51389461058.277565 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-18T20:22:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-18T20:22:57Z", "ms": 51394977216.11743 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:40 on Tue 17 Aug to 20:18 on Wed 18 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-17T19:40:01Z → 1971-08-18T20:18:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:52–20:23 on the 17th, 18:51–20:23 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 43 of 92 minutes on the 17th and 87 of 92 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 295 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Wednesday 18 August. Trayodaśī runs from 19:40 on Tue 17 Aug to 20:18 on Wed 18 Aug and covers 87 of 92 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 43 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 4 min 55 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-08-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10103, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-18T20:18:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-18T20:18:02Z", "ms": 51394681826.006996 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-19T21:23:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-19T21:23:11Z", "ms": 51484990618.39754 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-18T20:18:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-18T20:18:02Z", "ms": 51394681826.006996 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-19T21:23:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-19T21:23:11Z", "ms": 51484990618.39754 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-19T00:11:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-19T00:11:47Z", "ms": 51408706650.17706 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-19T00:59:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-19T00:59:47Z", "ms": 51411586650.17706 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-20T00:11:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-20T00:11:33Z", "ms": 51495093177.815094 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-20T00:59:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-20T00:59:33Z", "ms": 51497973177.815094 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:18 on Wed 18 Aug to 21:23 on Thu 19 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-18T20:18:02Z → 1971-08-19T21:23:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:12–01:00 on the 18th, 00:12–01:00 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10103 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1971 falls on Wednesday 18 August. Caturdaśī runs from 20:18 on Wed 18 Aug to 21:23 on Thu 19 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-19", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 295, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-18T20:18:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-18T20:18:02Z", "ms": 51394681826.006996 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-19T21:23:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-19T21:23:11Z", "ms": 51484990618.39754 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-18T20:18:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-18T20:18:02Z", "ms": 51394681826.006996 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-19T21:23:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-19T21:23:11Z", "ms": 51484990618.39754 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-18T18:51:01+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-18T18:51:01Z", "ms": 51389461058.277565 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-18T20:22:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-18T20:22:57Z", "ms": 51394977216.11743 } }, "covered_min": 5, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-19T18:50:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-19T18:50:29Z", "ms": 51475829035.10802 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-19T20:22:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-19T20:22:30Z", "ms": 51481350139.8299 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:18 on Wed 18 Aug to 21:23 on Thu 19 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-18T20:18:02Z → 1971-08-19T21:23:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:51–20:23 on the 18th, 18:50–20:23 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 5 of 92 minutes on the 18th and 92 of 92 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 295 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-19", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aghora Caturdaśī 1971 falls on Thursday 19 August. Caturdaśī runs from 20:18 on Wed 18 Aug to 21:23 on Thu 19 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 5 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 4 min 55 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35644, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1971-08-20T22:53:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-20T22:53:20Z", "ms": 51576800467.68603 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-22T00:45:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-22T00:45:44Z", "ms": 51669943794.75523 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-20T22:53:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-20T22:53:20Z", "ms": 51576800467.68603 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-22T00:45:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-22T00:45:44Z", "ms": 51669943794.75523 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-20T12:11:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-20T12:11:17Z", "ms": 51538276854.82241 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-20T12:59:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-20T12:59:17Z", "ms": 51541156854.82241 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-21T12:11:03+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-21T12:11:03Z", "ms": 51624662593.46547 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-21T12:59:03+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-21T12:59:03Z", "ms": 51627542593.46547 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 22:53 on Fri 20 Aug to 00:46 on Sun 22 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-20T22:53:20Z → 1971-08-22T00:45:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 20th, 12:11–12:59 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35644 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rudra Vrata 1971 falls on Saturday 21 August. Pratipadā runs from 22:53 on Fri 20 Aug to 00:46 on Sun 22 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24606, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1971-08-23T02:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-23T02:56:29Z", "ms": 51764188591.2712 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-24T05:20:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-24T05:20:11Z", "ms": 51859211088.3871 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-23T02:56:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-23T02:56:29Z", "ms": 51764188591.2712 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-24T05:20:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-24T05:20:11Z", "ms": 51859211088.3871 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-23T12:10:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-23T12:10:33Z", "ms": 51797432675.558655 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-23T12:58:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-23T12:58:33Z", "ms": 51800312675.558655 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-24T12:10:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-24T12:10:17Z", "ms": 51883817039.62136 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-24T12:58:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-24T12:58:17Z", "ms": 51886697039.62136 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 02:56 on Mon 23 Aug to 05:20 on Tue 24 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-23T02:56:29Z → 1971-08-24T05:20:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 23rd, 12:10–12:58 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24606 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Monday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1971 falls on Monday 23 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 02:56 on Mon 23 Aug to 05:20 on Tue 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15626, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-24T05:20:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-24T05:20:11Z", "ms": 51859211088.3871 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-25T07:49:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-25T07:49:35Z", "ms": 51954575452.56325 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-24T05:20:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-24T05:20:11Z", "ms": 51859211088.3871 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-25T07:49:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-25T07:49:35Z", "ms": 51954575452.56325 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-24T12:10:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-24T12:10:17Z", "ms": 51883817039.62136 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-24T12:58:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-24T12:58:17Z", "ms": 51886697039.62136 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-25T12:10:01+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-25T12:10:01Z", "ms": 51970200967.36342 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-25T12:58:01+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-25T12:58:01Z", "ms": 51973080967.36342 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:20 on Tue 24 Aug to 07:50 on Wed 25 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-24T05:20:11Z → 1971-08-25T07:49:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 24th, 12:10–12:58 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15626 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1971 falls on Tuesday 24 August. Caturthī runs from 05:20 on Tue 24 Aug to 07:50 on Wed 25 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6851, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-25T07:49:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-25T07:49:35Z", "ms": 51954575452.56325 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-26T10:15:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-26T10:15:34Z", "ms": 52049733696.818375 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-25T07:49:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-25T07:49:35Z", "ms": 51954575452.56325 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-26T10:15:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-26T10:15:34Z", "ms": 52049733696.818375 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-25T12:10:01+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-25T12:10:01Z", "ms": 51970200967.36342 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-25T12:58:01+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-25T12:58:01Z", "ms": 51973080967.36342 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-26T12:09:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-26T12:09:44Z", "ms": 52056584471.23221 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-26T12:57:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-26T12:57:44Z", "ms": 52059464471.23221 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:50 on Wed 25 Aug to 10:16 on Thu 26 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-25T07:49:35Z → 1971-08-26T10:15:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 25th, 12:10–12:58 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 6851 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1971 falls on Wednesday 25 August. Pañcamī runs from 07:50 on Wed 25 Aug to 10:16 on Thu 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1088, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-26T10:15:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-26T10:15:34Z", "ms": 52049733696.818375 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-27T12:27:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-27T12:27:36Z", "ms": 52144056057.19537 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-26T10:15:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-26T10:15:34Z", "ms": 52049733696.818375 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-27T12:27:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-27T12:27:36Z", "ms": 52144056057.19537 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-26T12:09:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-26T12:09:44Z", "ms": 52056584471.23221 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-26T12:57:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-26T12:57:44Z", "ms": 52059464471.23221 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-27T12:09:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-27T12:09:28Z", "ms": 52142967563.67001 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-27T12:57:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-27T12:57:28Z", "ms": 52145847563.67001 } }, "covered_min": 18, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:16 on Thu 26 Aug to 12:28 on Fri 27 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-26T10:15:34Z → 1971-08-27T12:27:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 26th, 12:09–12:57 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 18 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1088 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Bamako, 1971: Friday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1971 falls on Friday 27 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:16 on Thu 26 Aug to 12:28 on Fri 27 Aug and covers 18 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1088, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-27T12:27:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-27T12:27:36Z", "ms": 52144056057.19537 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-28T14:14:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-28T14:14:53Z", "ms": 52236892662.07456 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-27T12:27:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-27T12:27:36Z", "ms": 52144056057.19537 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-28T14:14:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-28T14:14:53Z", "ms": 52236892662.07456 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-27T12:09:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-27T12:09:28Z", "ms": 52142967563.67001 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-27T12:57:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-27T12:57:28Z", "ms": 52145847563.67001 } }, "covered_min": 30, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-28T12:09:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-28T12:09:10Z", "ms": 52229350258.35973 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-28T12:57:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-28T12:57:10Z", "ms": 52232230258.35973 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 12:28 on Fri 27 Aug to 14:15 on Sat 28 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-27T12:27:36Z → 1971-08-28T14:14:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 27th, 12:09–12:57 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 30 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1088 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Friday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1971 falls on Friday 27 August. Saptamī runs from 12:28 on Fri 27 Aug to 14:15 on Sat 28 Aug and covers 30 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4662, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-28T14:14:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-28T14:14:53Z", "ms": 52236892662.07456 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-29T15:27:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-29T15:27:34Z", "ms": 52327654198.55685 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-28T14:14:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-28T14:14:53Z", "ms": 52236892662.07456 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-29T15:27:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-29T15:27:34Z", "ms": 52327654198.55685 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-28T12:09:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-28T12:09:10Z", "ms": 52229350258.35973 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-28T12:57:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-28T12:57:10Z", "ms": 52232230258.35973 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-29T12:08:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-29T12:08:53Z", "ms": 52315732570.24049 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-29T12:56:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-29T12:56:53Z", "ms": 52318612570.24049 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:15 on Sat 28 Aug to 15:28 on Sun 29 Aug.", "fact": "1971-08-28T14:14:53Z → 1971-08-29T15:27:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 28th, 12:09–12:57 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4662 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rādhāṣṭamī 1971 falls on Sunday 29 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:15 on Sat 28 Aug to 15:28 on Sun 29 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-09-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29885, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-08-31T15:42:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-31T15:42:20Z", "ms": 52501340268.58911 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-01T14:39:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-01T14:39:18Z", "ms": 52583958029.75234 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-08-31T15:42:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-31T15:42:20Z", "ms": 52501340268.58911 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-01T14:39:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-01T14:39:18Z", "ms": 52583958029.75234 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-08-31T06:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-31T06:21:12Z", "ms": 52467671515.95603 }, "end": { "local": "1971-08-31T06:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-08-31T06:21:12Z", "ms": 52467671515.95603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-01T06:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-01T06:21:13Z", "ms": 52554072861.05381 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-01T06:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-01T06:21:13Z", "ms": 52554072861.05381 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:42 on Tue 31 Aug to 14:39 on Wed 1 Sep.", "fact": "1971-08-31T15:42:20Z → 1971-09-01T14:39:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 31st and 06:21 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29885 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Wednesday 1 September. Ekādaśī runs from 15:42 on Tue 31 Aug to 14:39 on Wed 1 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-02", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 245, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-01T14:39:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-01T14:39:18Z", "ms": 52583958029.75234 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-02T12:51:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-02T12:51:33Z", "ms": 52663893392.52636 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-01T14:39:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-01T14:39:18Z", "ms": 52583958029.75234 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-02T12:51:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-02T12:51:33Z", "ms": 52663893392.52636 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-01T12:07:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-01T12:07:57Z", "ms": 52574877364.451706 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-01T12:55:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-01T12:55:57Z", "ms": 52577757364.451706 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-02T12:07:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-02T12:07:38Z", "ms": 52661258305.86195 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-02T12:55:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-02T12:55:38Z", "ms": 52664138305.86195 } }, "covered_min": 44, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 14:39 on Wed 1 Sep to 12:52 on Thu 2 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-01T14:39:18Z → 1971-09-02T12:51:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 1st, 12:08–12:56 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 44 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 245 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-02", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vāmana Jayantī 1971 falls on Thursday 2 September. Dvādaśī runs from 14:39 on Wed 1 Sep to 12:52 on Thu 2 Sep and covers 44 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 4 min 05 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-09-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21029, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-02T12:51:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-02T12:51:33Z", "ms": 52663893392.52636 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-03T10:24:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-03T10:24:22Z", "ms": 52741461912.666374 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-02T12:51:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-02T12:51:33Z", "ms": 52663893392.52636 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-03T10:24:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-03T10:24:22Z", "ms": 52741461912.666374 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-02T18:42:03+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-02T18:42:03Z", "ms": 52684922650.78305 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-02T20:15:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-02T20:15:16Z", "ms": 52690516274.81145 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-03T18:41:23+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-03T18:41:23Z", "ms": 52771283069.63951 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-03T20:14:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-03T20:14:42Z", "ms": 52776882058.77052 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:52 on Thu 2 Sep to 10:24 on Fri 3 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-02T12:51:33Z → 1971-09-03T10:24:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:42–20:15 on the 2nd, 18:41–20:15 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 93 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21029 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Thursday 2 September. Trayodaśī runs from 12:52 on Thu 2 Sep to 10:24 on Fri 3 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-09-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-03", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3828, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-03T10:24:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-03T10:24:22Z", "ms": 52741461912.666374 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-04T07:25:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-04T07:25:04Z", "ms": 52817103674.43174 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-03T10:24:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-03T10:24:22Z", "ms": 52741461912.666374 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-04T07:25:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-04T07:25:04Z", "ms": 52817103674.43174 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-03T06:21:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-03T06:21:15Z", "ms": 52726874830.99603 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-03T08:49:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-03T08:49:16Z", "ms": 52735756478.72473 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-04T06:21:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-04T06:21:15Z", "ms": 52813275488.122086 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-04T08:49:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-04T08:49:09Z", "ms": 52822149020.25938 } }, "covered_min": 64, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:24 on Fri 3 Sep to 07:25 on Sat 4 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-03T10:24:22Z → 1971-09-04T07:25:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:21–08:49 on the 3rd, 06:21–08:49 on the 4th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 148 minutes on the 3rd and 64 of 148 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither morning qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 3828 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1971: Friday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-03", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-03", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ananta Caturdaśī 1971 falls on Friday 3 September. Caturdaśī runs from 10:24 on Fri 3 Sep to 07:25 on Sat 4 Sep, and reaches the first three muhūrtas after sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-09-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12027, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-07T17:12:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-07T17:12:16Z", "ms": 53111536016.57526 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-08T13:54:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-08T13:54:36Z", "ms": 53186076011.24647 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-07T17:12:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-07T17:12:16Z", "ms": 53111536016.57526 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-08T13:54:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-08T13:54:36Z", "ms": 53186076011.24647 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-07T20:32:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-07T20:32:43Z", "ms": 53123563423.407425 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-07T20:32:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-07T20:32:43Z", "ms": 53123563423.407425 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-08T21:21:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-08T21:21:58Z", "ms": 53212918203.83158 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-08T21:21:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-08T21:21:58Z", "ms": 53212918203.83158 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:12 on Tue 7 Sep to 13:55 on Wed 8 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-07T17:12:16Z → 1971-09-08T13:54:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:33 on the 7th and 21:22 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12027 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 7 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1971 falls on Tuesday 7 September. Caturthī runs from 17:12 on Tue 7 Sep to 13:55 on Wed 8 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-09-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37611, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-09T11:01:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-09T11:01:48Z", "ms": 53262107863.2428 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-10T08:41:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-10T08:41:22Z", "ms": 53340082089.16972 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-09T11:01:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-09T11:01:48Z", "ms": 53262107863.2428 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-10T08:41:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-10T08:41:22Z", "ms": 53340082089.16972 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-08T21:21:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-08T21:21:58Z", "ms": 53212918203.83158 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-08T21:21:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-08T21:21:58Z", "ms": 53212918203.83158 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-09T22:14:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-09T22:14:31Z", "ms": 53302470992.0419 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-09T22:14:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-09T22:14:31Z", "ms": 53302470992.0419 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:02 on Thu 9 Sep to 08:41 on Fri 10 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-09T11:01:48Z → 1971-09-10T08:41:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:22 on the 8th and 22:15 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 37611 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1971 falls on Thursday 9 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 11:02 on Thu 9 Sep to 08:41 on Fri 10 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35272, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-11T06:58:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-11T06:58:57Z", "ms": 53420337330.088234 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-12T05:57:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-12T05:57:51Z", "ms": 53503070998.63686 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-11T06:58:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-11T06:58:57Z", "ms": 53420337330.088234 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-12T05:57:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-12T05:57:51Z", "ms": 53503070998.63686 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-10T18:36:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-10T18:36:38Z", "ms": 53375797915.96567 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-10T20:10:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-10T20:10:35Z", "ms": 53381434958.505775 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-11T18:35:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-11T18:35:56Z", "ms": 53462156326.430176 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-11T20:09:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-11T20:09:59Z", "ms": 53467798865.92338 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 06:59 on Sat 11 Sep to 05:58 on Sun 12 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-11T06:58:57Z → 1971-09-12T05:57:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:37–20:11 on the 10th, 18:36–20:10 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 94 minutes on the 10th and 94 of 94 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35272 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1971 falls on Saturday 11 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 06:59 on Sat 11 Sep to 05:58 on Sun 12 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20980, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-11T06:58:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-11T06:58:57Z", "ms": 53420337330.088234 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-12T05:57:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-12T05:57:51Z", "ms": 53503070998.63686 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-11T06:58:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-11T06:58:57Z", "ms": 53420337330.088234 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-12T05:57:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-12T05:57:51Z", "ms": 53503070998.63686 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-10T23:10:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-10T23:10:17Z", "ms": 53392216638.358765 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-10T23:10:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-10T23:10:17Z", "ms": 53392216638.358765 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-12T00:08:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-12T00:08:11Z", "ms": 53482091053.54249 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-12T00:08:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-12T00:08:11Z", "ms": 53482091053.54249 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 06:59 on Sat 11 Sep to 05:58 on Sun 12 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-11T06:58:57Z → 1971-09-12T05:57:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:10 on the 10th and 00:08 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 10th and is on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20980 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1971 falls on Saturday 11 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 06:59 on Sat 11 Sep to 05:58 on Sun 12 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-09-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1307, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-14T05:59:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-14T05:59:28Z", "ms": 53675967608.2624 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-15T06:55:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-15T06:55:59Z", "ms": 53765758500.38912 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-14T05:59:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-14T05:59:28Z", "ms": 53675967608.2624 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-15T06:55:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-15T06:55:59Z", "ms": 53765758500.38912 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-14T06:21:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-14T06:21:15Z", "ms": 53677274512.9714 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-14T06:21:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-14T06:21:15Z", "ms": 53677274512.9714 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-15T06:21:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-15T06:21:14Z", "ms": 53763674044.44248 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-15T06:21:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-15T06:21:14Z", "ms": 53763674044.44248 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:59 on Tue 14 Sep to 06:56 on Wed 15 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-14T05:59:28Z → 1971-09-15T06:55:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 14th and 06:21 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1307 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Indirā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Wednesday 15 September. Ekādaśī runs from 05:59 on Tue 14 Sep to 06:56 on Wed 15 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-09-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-09-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29919, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-16T08:22:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-16T08:22:35Z", "ms": 53857355110.1722 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-17T10:13:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-17T10:13:05Z", "ms": 53950385331.88665 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-16T08:22:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-16T08:22:35Z", "ms": 53857355110.1722 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-17T10:13:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-17T10:13:05Z", "ms": 53950385331.88665 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-16T18:32:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-16T18:32:27Z", "ms": 53893946682.90617 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-16T20:06:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-16T20:06:57Z", "ms": 53899616871.828514 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-17T18:31:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-17T18:31:45Z", "ms": 53980304563.83726 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-17T20:06:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-17T20:06:20Z", "ms": 53985980308.83842 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:23 on Thu 16 Sep to 10:13 on Fri 17 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-16T08:22:35Z → 1971-09-17T10:13:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:32–20:07 on the 16th, 18:32–20:06 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 95 of 95 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 95 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29919 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Thursday 16 September. Trayodaśī runs from 08:23 on Thu 16 Sep to 10:13 on Fri 17 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-09-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-09-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33735, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-17T10:13:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-17T10:13:05Z", "ms": 53950385331.88665 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-18T12:21:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-18T12:21:28Z", "ms": 54044487520.014244 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-17T10:13:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-17T10:13:05Z", "ms": 53950385331.88665 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-18T12:21:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-18T12:21:28Z", "ms": 54044487520.014244 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-17T00:02:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-17T00:02:50Z", "ms": 53913769891.36496 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-17T00:50:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-17T00:50:50Z", "ms": 53916649891.36496 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-18T00:02:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-18T00:02:29Z", "ms": 54000148607.591606 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-18T00:50:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-18T00:50:29Z", "ms": 54003028607.591606 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:13 on Fri 17 Sep to 12:21 on Sat 18 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-17T10:13:05Z → 1971-09-18T12:21:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:03–00:51 on the 16th, 00:02–00:50 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33735 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1971: Friday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1971 falls on Friday 17 September. Caturdaśī runs from 10:13 on Fri 17 Sep to 12:21 on Sat 18 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-09-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3811, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1971-09-18T12:21:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-18T12:21:28Z", "ms": 54044487520.014244 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-19T14:42:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-19T14:42:12Z", "ms": 54139332478.240746 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-18T12:21:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-18T12:21:28Z", "ms": 54044487520.014244 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-19T14:42:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-19T14:42:12Z", "ms": 54139332478.240746 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-18T13:39:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-18T13:39:07Z", "ms": 54049146518.4617 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-18T16:05:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-18T16:05:04Z", "ms": 54057904474.166954 } }, "covered_min": 146, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-19T13:38:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-19T13:38:41Z", "ms": 54135521075.875305 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-19T16:04:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-19T16:04:31Z", "ms": 54144270688.77727 } }, "covered_min": 64, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 12:21 on Sat 18 Sep to 14:42 on Sun 19 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-18T12:21:28Z → 1971-09-19T14:42:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:39–16:05 on the 18th, 13:39–16:05 on the 19th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 146 of 146 minutes on the 18th and 64 of 146 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 3811 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1971 falls on Saturday 18 September. Amāvasyā runs from 12:21 on Sat 18 Sep to 14:42 on Sun 19 Sep and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon. It also reaches the next afternoon for 64 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6746, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1971-09-19T14:42:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-19T14:42:12Z", "ms": 54139332478.240746 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-20T17:10:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-20T17:10:19Z", "ms": 54234619211.56535 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-19T14:42:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-19T14:42:12Z", "ms": 54139332478.240746 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-20T17:10:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-20T17:10:19Z", "ms": 54234619211.56535 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-19T12:01:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-19T12:01:46Z", "ms": 54129706269.42432 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-19T12:49:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-19T12:49:46Z", "ms": 54132586269.42432 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-20T12:01:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-20T12:01:25Z", "ms": 54216085035.585526 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-20T12:49:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-20T12:49:25Z", "ms": 54218965035.585526 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 14:42 on Sun 19 Sep to 17:10 on Mon 20 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-19T14:42:12Z → 1971-09-20T17:10:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:02–12:50 on the 19th, 12:01–12:49 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6746 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Bamako, 1971: Monday 20 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1971 falls on Monday 20 September. Pratipadā runs from 14:42 on Sun 19 Sep to 17:10 on Mon 20 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-09-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33570, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-22T22:08:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-22T22:08:13Z", "ms": 54425292827.84977 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-24T00:25:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-24T00:25:58Z", "ms": 54519958280.544 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-22T22:08:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-22T22:08:13Z", "ms": 54425292827.84977 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-24T00:25:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-24T00:25:58Z", "ms": 54519958280.544 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-22T12:00:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-22T12:00:43Z", "ms": 54388842749.79614 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-22T12:48:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-22T12:48:43Z", "ms": 54391722749.79614 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-23T12:00:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-23T12:00:22Z", "ms": 54475221733.19873 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-23T12:48:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-23T12:48:22Z", "ms": 54478101733.19873 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:08 on Wed 22 Sep to 00:26 on Fri 24 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-22T22:08:13Z → 1971-09-24T00:25:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 22nd, 12:00–12:48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33570 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 23 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1971 falls on Thursday 23 September. Caturthī runs from 22:08 on Wed 22 Sep to 00:26 on Fri 24 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-09-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4754, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-26T04:01:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-26T04:01:12Z", "ms": 54705672083.38106 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-27T05:01:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-27T05:01:58Z", "ms": 54795717663.584145 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-26T04:01:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-26T04:01:12Z", "ms": 54705672083.38106 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-27T05:01:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-27T05:01:58Z", "ms": 54795717663.584145 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-26T06:21:11+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-26T06:21:11Z", "ms": 54714071486.23255 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-26T07:09:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-26T07:09:29Z", "ms": 54716968542.12146 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-27T06:21:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-27T06:21:12Z", "ms": 54800471861.75043 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-27T07:09:26+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-27T07:09:26Z", "ms": 54803366137.78198 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 04:01 on Sun 26 Sep to 05:02 on Mon 27 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-26T04:01:12Z → 1971-09-27T05:01:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:21–07:09 on the 26th, 06:21–07:09 on the 27th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4754 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Durgā Saptamī 1971 falls on Sunday 26 September. Saptamī runs from 04:01 on Sun 26 Sep to 05:02 on Mon 27 Sep and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23817, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-27T05:01:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-27T05:01:58Z", "ms": 54795717663.584145 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-28T05:21:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-28T05:21:41Z", "ms": 54883301484.59449 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-27T05:01:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-27T05:01:58Z", "ms": 54795717663.584145 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-28T05:21:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-28T05:21:41Z", "ms": 54883301484.59449 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-27T11:58:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-27T11:58:59Z", "ms": 54820738931.98709 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-27T12:46:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-27T12:46:59Z", "ms": 54823618931.98709 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-28T11:58:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-28T11:58:39Z", "ms": 54907118641.69789 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-28T12:46:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-28T12:46:39Z", "ms": 54909998641.69789 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 05:02 on Mon 27 Sep to 05:22 on Tue 28 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-27T05:01:58Z → 1971-09-28T05:21:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 27th, 11:59–12:47 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23817 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1971 falls on Monday 27 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 05:02 on Mon 27 Sep to 05:22 on Tue 28 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23817, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-28T05:21:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-28T05:21:41Z", "ms": 54883301484.59449 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-29T04:55:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-29T04:55:43Z", "ms": 54968143423.9938 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-28T05:21:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-28T05:21:41Z", "ms": 54883301484.59449 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-29T04:55:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-29T04:55:43Z", "ms": 54968143423.9938 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-28T11:58:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-28T11:58:39Z", "ms": 54907118641.69789 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-28T12:46:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-28T12:46:39Z", "ms": 54909998641.69789 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-29T11:58:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-29T11:58:19Z", "ms": 54993498554.42866 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-29T12:46:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-29T12:46:19Z", "ms": 54996378554.42866 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 05:22 on Tue 28 Sep to 04:56 on Wed 29 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-28T05:21:41Z → 1971-09-29T04:55:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:59–12:47 on the 28th, 11:58–12:46 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 23817 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 28 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahānavamī 1971 falls on Tuesday 28 September. Navamī runs from 05:22 on Tue 28 Sep to 04:56 on Wed 29 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9526, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-29T04:55:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-29T04:55:43Z", "ms": 54968143423.9938 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-30T03:42:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-30T03:42:28Z", "ms": 55050147622.33362 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-29T04:55:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-29T04:55:43Z", "ms": 54968143423.9938 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-30T03:42:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-30T03:42:28Z", "ms": 55050147622.33362 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-29T11:58:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-29T11:58:19Z", "ms": 54993498554.42866 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-29T12:46:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-29T12:46:19Z", "ms": 54996378554.42866 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-30T11:57:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-30T11:57:59Z", "ms": 55079878690.81363 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-30T12:45:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-30T12:45:59Z", "ms": 55082758690.81363 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 04:56 on Wed 29 Sep to 03:42 on Thu 30 Sep.", "fact": "1971-09-29T04:55:43Z → 1971-09-30T03:42:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 29th, 11:58–12:46 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so the rest of the rule applies. Daśamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9526 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1971 falls on Wednesday 29 September. Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so madhyāhna decides. Daśamī runs from 04:56 on Wed 29 Sep to 03:42 on Thu 30 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-09-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-09-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9526, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-09-30T03:42:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-30T03:42:28Z", "ms": 55050147622.33362 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-01T01:43:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-01T01:43:35Z", "ms": 55129414579.110985 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-09-30T03:42:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-30T03:42:28Z", "ms": 55050147622.33362 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-01T01:43:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-01T01:43:35Z", "ms": 55129414579.110985 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-09-30T06:21:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-30T06:21:14Z", "ms": 55059674055.96501 }, "end": { "local": "1971-09-30T06:21:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-09-30T06:21:14Z", "ms": 55059674055.96501 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-01T06:21:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-01T06:21:15Z", "ms": 55146075200.9037 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-01T06:21:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-01T06:21:15Z", "ms": 55146075200.9037 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:42 on Thu 30 Sep to 01:44 on Fri 1 Oct.", "fact": "1971-09-30T03:42:28Z → 1971-10-01T01:43:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 30th and 06:21 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9526 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 30 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Thursday 30 September. Ekādaśī runs from 03:42 on Thu 30 Sep to 01:44 on Fri 1 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-09-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-10-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 429, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-01T23:03:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-01T23:03:46Z", "ms": 55206226079.3372 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-02T19:50:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-02T19:50:13Z", "ms": 55281013456.1195 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-01T23:03:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-01T23:03:46Z", "ms": 55206226079.3372 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-02T19:50:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-02T19:50:13Z", "ms": 55281013456.1195 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-01T18:22:03+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-01T18:22:03Z", "ms": 55189322943.90655 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-01T19:57:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-01T19:57:57Z", "ms": 55195076762.58213 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-02T18:21:23+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-02T18:21:23Z", "ms": 55275682859.67117 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-02T19:57:22+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-02T19:57:22Z", "ms": 55281442241.82848 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:04 on Fri 1 Oct to 19:50 on Sat 2 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-01T23:03:46Z → 1971-10-02T19:50:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:22–19:58 on the 1st, 18:21–19:57 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 96 minutes on the 1st and 89 of 96 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 429 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-02", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Saturday 2 October. Trayodaśī runs from 23:04 on Fri 1 Oct to 19:50 on Sat 2 Oct and covers 89 of 96 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-10-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4218, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-07T01:07:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-07T01:07:38Z", "ms": 55645657836.12339 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-07T22:09:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-07T22:09:09Z", "ms": 55721349368.31705 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-07T01:07:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-07T01:07:38Z", "ms": 55645657836.12339 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-07T22:09:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-07T22:09:09Z", "ms": 55721349368.31705 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-06T20:02:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-06T20:02:17Z", "ms": 55627336676.64271 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-06T20:02:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-06T20:02:17Z", "ms": 55627336676.64271 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-07T20:58:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-07T20:58:51Z", "ms": 55717131332.505165 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-07T20:58:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-07T20:58:51Z", "ms": 55717131332.505165 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:08 on Thu 7 Oct to 22:09 on Thu 7 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-07T01:07:38Z → 1971-10-07T22:09:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:02 on the 6th and 20:59 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4218 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1971 falls on Thursday 7 October. Caturthī runs from 01:08 on Thu 7 Oct to 22:09 on Thu 7 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-10-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4218, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-07T01:07:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-07T01:07:38Z", "ms": 55645657836.12339 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-07T22:09:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-07T22:09:09Z", "ms": 55721349368.31705 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-07T01:07:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-07T01:07:38Z", "ms": 55645657836.12339 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-07T22:09:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-07T22:09:09Z", "ms": 55721349368.31705 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-06T20:02:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-06T20:02:17Z", "ms": 55627336676.64271 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-06T20:02:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-06T20:02:17Z", "ms": 55627336676.64271 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-07T20:58:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-07T20:58:51Z", "ms": 55717131332.505165 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-07T20:58:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-07T20:58:51Z", "ms": 55717131332.505165 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:08 on Thu 7 Oct to 22:09 on Thu 7 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-07T01:07:38Z → 1971-10-07T22:09:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:02 on the 6th and 20:59 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4218 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1971 falls on Thursday 7 October. Caturthī runs from 01:08 on Thu 7 Oct to 22:09 on Thu 7 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-10-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23093, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-10T17:32:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-10T17:32:15Z", "ms": 55963935287.27739 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-11T17:38:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-11T17:38:29Z", "ms": 56050708873.63004 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-10T17:32:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-10T17:32:15Z", "ms": 55963935287.27739 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-11T17:38:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-11T17:38:29Z", "ms": 56050708873.63004 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-10T23:57:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-10T23:57:09Z", "ms": 55987028716.35669 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-10T23:57:09+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-10T23:57:09Z", "ms": 55987028716.35669 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-12T00:52:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-12T00:52:58Z", "ms": 56076778460.37941 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-12T00:52:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-12T00:52:58Z", "ms": 56076778460.37941 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:32 on Sun 10 Oct to 17:38 on Mon 11 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-10T17:32:15Z → 1971-10-11T17:38:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:57 on the 10th and 00:53 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23093 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1971 falls on Sunday 10 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:32 on Sun 10 Oct to 17:38 on Mon 11 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-10-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29887, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-13T20:02:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-13T20:02:40Z", "ms": 56232159677.54776 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-14T22:03:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-14T22:03:59Z", "ms": 56325838706.85704 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-13T20:02:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-13T20:02:40Z", "ms": 56232159677.54776 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-14T22:03:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-14T22:03:59Z", "ms": 56325838706.85704 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-14T06:21:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-14T06:21:59Z", "ms": 56269319386.60888 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-14T06:21:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-14T06:21:59Z", "ms": 56269319386.60888 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-15T06:22:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-15T06:22:06Z", "ms": 56355725688.562294 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-15T06:22:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-15T06:22:06Z", "ms": 56355725688.562294 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:03 on Wed 13 Oct to 22:04 on Thu 14 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-13T20:02:40Z → 1971-10-14T22:03:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:22 on the 14th and 06:22 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29887 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ramā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Thursday 14 October. Ekādaśī runs from 20:03 on Wed 13 Oct to 22:04 on Thu 14 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-10-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7978, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-14T22:03:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-14T22:03:59Z", "ms": 56325838706.85704 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-16T00:24:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-16T00:24:47Z", "ms": 56420687145.81909 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-14T22:03:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-14T22:03:59Z", "ms": 56325838706.85704 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-16T00:24:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-16T00:24:47Z", "ms": 56420687145.81909 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-14T18:13:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-14T18:13:55Z", "ms": 56312034845.72133 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-14T19:51:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-14T19:51:00Z", "ms": 56317860291.43346 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-15T18:13:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-15T18:13:21Z", "ms": 56398401020.354195 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-15T19:50:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-15T19:50:32Z", "ms": 56404231881.25796 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 22:04 on Thu 14 Oct to 00:25 on Sat 16 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-14T22:03:59Z → 1971-10-16T00:24:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:14–19:51 on the 14th, 18:13–19:51 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 14th and 97 of 97 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 7978 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Friday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1971 falls on Friday 15 October. Dvādaśī runs from 22:04 on Thu 14 Oct to 00:25 on Sat 16 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16455, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-16T00:24:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-16T00:24:47Z", "ms": 56420687145.81909 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-17T02:55:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T02:55:41Z", "ms": 56516140821.47957 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-16T00:24:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-16T00:24:47Z", "ms": 56420687145.81909 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-17T02:55:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T02:55:41Z", "ms": 56516140821.47957 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-15T18:13:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-15T18:13:21Z", "ms": 56398401020.354195 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-15T19:50:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-15T19:50:32Z", "ms": 56404231881.25796 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-16T18:12:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-16T18:12:48Z", "ms": 56484767838.734795 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-16T19:50:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-16T19:50:04Z", "ms": 56490604095.3261 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:25 on Sat 16 Oct to 02:56 on Sun 17 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-16T00:24:47Z → 1971-10-17T02:55:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:13–19:51 on the 15th, 18:13–19:50 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 15th and 97 of 97 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16455 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yama Dīpadāna 1971 falls on Saturday 16 October. Trayodaśī runs from 00:25 on Sat 16 Oct to 02:56 on Sun 17 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-10-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16455, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-16T00:24:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-16T00:24:47Z", "ms": 56420687145.81909 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-17T02:55:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T02:55:41Z", "ms": 56516140821.47957 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-16T00:24:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-16T00:24:47Z", "ms": 56420687145.81909 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-17T02:55:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T02:55:41Z", "ms": 56516140821.47957 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-15T18:13:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-15T18:13:21Z", "ms": 56398401020.354195 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-15T19:50:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-15T19:50:32Z", "ms": 56404231881.25796 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-16T18:12:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-16T18:12:48Z", "ms": 56484767838.734795 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-16T19:50:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-16T19:50:04Z", "ms": 56490604095.3261 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:25 on Sat 16 Oct to 02:56 on Sun 17 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-16T00:24:47Z → 1971-10-17T02:55:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:13–19:51 on the 15th, 18:13–19:50 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 15th and 97 of 97 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16455 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Saturday 16 October. Trayodaśī runs from 00:25 on Sat 16 Oct to 02:56 on Sun 17 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-10-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2633, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-17T02:55:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T02:55:41Z", "ms": 56516140821.47957 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-18T05:28:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T05:28:59Z", "ms": 56611738606.689445 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-17T02:55:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T02:55:41Z", "ms": 56516140821.47957 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-18T05:28:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T05:28:59Z", "ms": 56611738606.689445 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-17T04:45:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T04:45:04Z", "ms": 56522703506.57831 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-17T06:22:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T06:22:20Z", "ms": 56528539763.16962 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-18T04:45:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T04:45:06Z", "ms": 56609105925.36091 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-18T06:22:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T06:22:28Z", "ms": 56614947556.82788 } }, "covered_min": 44, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:56 on Sun 17 Oct to 05:29 on Mon 18 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-17T02:55:41Z → 1971-10-18T05:28:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:45–06:22 on the 17th, 04:45–06:22 on the 18th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 97 of 97 minutes on the 17th and 44 of 97 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both dawns qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 2633 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1971 falls on Sunday 17 October. Caturdaśī runs from 02:56 on Sun 17 Oct to 05:29 on Mon 18 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn. It also reaches the next dawn for 44 minutes; by the rule the first dawn is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-10-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8047, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-17T02:55:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T02:55:41Z", "ms": 56516140821.47957 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-18T05:28:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T05:28:59Z", "ms": 56611738606.689445 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-17T02:55:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T02:55:41Z", "ms": 56516140821.47957 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-18T05:28:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T05:28:59Z", "ms": 56611738606.689445 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-16T23:53:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-16T23:53:34Z", "ms": 56505213800.95221 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-17T00:41:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T00:41:34Z", "ms": 56508093800.95221 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-17T23:53:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T23:53:21Z", "ms": 56591601438.82673 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-18T00:41:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T00:41:21Z", "ms": 56594481438.82673 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:56 on Sun 17 Oct to 05:29 on Mon 18 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-17T02:55:41Z → 1971-10-18T05:28:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:54–00:42 on the 16th, 23:53–00:41 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8047 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1971 falls on Sunday 17 October. Caturdaśī runs from 02:56 on Sun 17 Oct to 05:29 on Mon 18 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-10-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34762, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1971-10-18T05:28:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T05:28:59Z", "ms": 56611738606.689445 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-19T07:58:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z", "ms": 56707135444.04531 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-18T05:28:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T05:28:59Z", "ms": 56611738606.689445 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-19T07:58:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z", "ms": 56707135444.04531 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-17T18:12:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T18:12:15Z", "ms": 56571135320.82558 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-17T19:49:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T19:49:37Z", "ms": 56576976952.29255 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-18T18:11:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T18:11:43Z", "ms": 56657503486.11419 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-18T19:49:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T19:49:10Z", "ms": 56663350470.309654 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 05:29 on Mon 18 Oct to 07:59 on Tue 19 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-18T05:28:59Z → 1971-10-19T07:58:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:12–19:50 on the 17th, 18:12–19:49 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 17th and 97 of 97 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34762 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Bamako, 1971: Monday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1971 falls on Monday 18 October. Amāvasyā runs from 05:29 on Mon 18 Oct to 07:59 on Tue 19 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17257, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1971-10-18T05:28:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T05:28:59Z", "ms": 56611738606.689445 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-19T07:58:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z", "ms": 56707135444.04531 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-18T05:28:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T05:28:59Z", "ms": 56611738606.689445 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-19T07:58:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z", "ms": 56707135444.04531 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-17T23:53:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-17T23:53:21Z", "ms": 56591601438.82673 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-18T00:41:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T00:41:21Z", "ms": 56594481438.82673 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-18T23:53:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-18T23:53:10Z", "ms": 56677989676.84718 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-19T00:41:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T00:41:10Z", "ms": 56680869676.84718 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 05:29 on Mon 18 Oct to 07:59 on Tue 19 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-18T05:28:59Z → 1971-10-19T07:58:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:53–00:41 on the 17th, 23:53–00:41 on the 18th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17257 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Bamako, 1971: Monday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kālī Pūjā 1971 falls on Monday 18 October. Amāvasyā runs from 05:29 on Mon 18 Oct to 07:59 on Tue 19 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5486, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1971-10-19T07:58:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z", "ms": 56707135444.04531 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-20T10:21:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T10:21:17Z", "ms": 56802076925.0346 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-19T07:58:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z", "ms": 56707135444.04531 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-20T10:21:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T10:21:17Z", "ms": 56802076925.0346 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-19T11:52:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T11:52:54Z", "ms": 56721174110.61369 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-19T12:40:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T12:40:54Z", "ms": 56724054110.61369 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-20T11:52:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T11:52:43Z", "ms": 56807563323.15583 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-20T12:40:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T12:40:43Z", "ms": 56810443323.15583 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 07:59 on Tue 19 Oct to 10:21 on Wed 20 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z → 1971-10-20T10:21:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 19th, 11:53–12:41 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5486 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Govardhana Pūjā 1971 falls on Tuesday 19 October. Pratipadā runs from 07:59 on Tue 19 Oct to 10:21 on Wed 20 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28165, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1971-10-19T07:58:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z", "ms": 56707135444.04531 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-20T10:21:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T10:21:17Z", "ms": 56802076925.0346 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-19T07:58:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z", "ms": 56707135444.04531 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-20T10:21:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T10:21:17Z", "ms": 56802076925.0346 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-19T18:11:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T18:11:12Z", "ms": 56743872353.6472 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-19T19:48:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T19:48:45Z", "ms": 56749724667.06009 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-20T18:10:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T18:10:42Z", "ms": 56830241942.067795 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-20T19:48:20+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T19:48:20Z", "ms": 56836099559.7943 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 07:59 on Tue 19 Oct to 10:21 on Wed 20 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z → 1971-10-20T10:21:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:11–19:49 on the 19th, 18:11–19:48 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 98 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28165 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bali Pūjā 1971 falls on Tuesday 19 October. Pratipadā runs from 07:59 on Tue 19 Oct to 10:21 on Wed 20 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 482, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1971-10-20T10:21:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T10:21:17Z", "ms": 56802076925.0346 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-21T12:32:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-21T12:32:31Z", "ms": 56896351292.96186 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-20T10:21:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T10:21:17Z", "ms": 56802076925.0346 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-21T12:32:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-21T12:32:31Z", "ms": 56896351292.96186 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-20T11:52:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T11:52:43Z", "ms": 56807563323.15583 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-20T12:40:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T12:40:43Z", "ms": 56810443323.15583 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-21T11:52:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-21T11:52:33Z", "ms": 56893953172.33858 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-21T12:40:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-21T12:40:33Z", "ms": 56896833172.33858 } }, "covered_min": 40, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 10:21 on Wed 20 Oct to 12:33 on Thu 21 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-20T10:21:17Z → 1971-10-21T12:32:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 20th, 11:53–12:41 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 40 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 482 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1971 falls on Wednesday 20 October. Dvitīyā runs from 10:21 on Wed 20 Oct to 12:33 on Thu 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 40 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-20", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 153, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1971-10-19T07:58:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z", "ms": 56707135444.04531 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-20T10:21:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T10:21:17Z", "ms": 56802076925.0346 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-19T07:58:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z", "ms": 56707135444.04531 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-20T10:21:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T10:21:17Z", "ms": 56802076925.0346 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-19T06:22:36+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T06:22:36Z", "ms": 56701355867.580185 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-19T10:18:48+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-19T10:18:48Z", "ms": 56715528029.60252 } }, "covered_min": 140, "window_min": 236, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-20T06:22:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T06:22:45Z", "ms": 56787764704.243866 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-20T10:18:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-20T10:18:44Z", "ms": 56801923783.51851 } }, "covered_min": 236, "window_min": 236, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 07:59 on Tue 19 Oct to 10:21 on Wed 20 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-19T07:58:55Z → 1971-10-20T10:21:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:23–10:19 on the 19th, 06:23–10:19 on the 20th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 140 of 236 minutes on the 19th and 236 of 236 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both forenoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 153 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-20", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-20", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Dyūta Pratipad 1971 falls on Wednesday 20 October. Pratipadā runs from 07:59 on Tue 19 Oct to 10:21 on Wed 20 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon. It also reaches the previous forenoon for 140 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 2 min 33 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6514, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-22T14:28:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-22T14:28:58Z", "ms": 56989737943.44485 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-23T16:06:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-23T16:06:10Z", "ms": 57081969990.898094 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-22T14:28:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-22T14:28:58Z", "ms": 56989737943.44485 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-23T16:06:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-23T16:06:10Z", "ms": 57081969990.898094 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-22T11:52:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-22T11:52:24Z", "ms": 56980343670.96196 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-22T12:40:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-22T12:40:24Z", "ms": 56983223670.96196 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-23T11:52:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-23T11:52:15Z", "ms": 57066734831.441925 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-23T12:40:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-23T12:40:15Z", "ms": 57069614831.441925 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:29 on Fri 22 Oct to 16:06 on Sat 23 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-22T14:28:58Z → 1971-10-23T16:06:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 22nd, 11:52–12:40 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6514 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nāga Caturthī 1971 falls on Saturday 23 October. Caturthī runs from 14:29 on Fri 22 Oct to 16:06 on Sat 23 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-10-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6514, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-22T14:28:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-22T14:28:58Z", "ms": 56989737943.44485 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-23T16:06:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-23T16:06:10Z", "ms": 57081969990.898094 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-22T14:28:58+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-22T14:28:58Z", "ms": 56989737943.44485 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-23T16:06:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-23T16:06:10Z", "ms": 57081969990.898094 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-22T11:52:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-22T11:52:24Z", "ms": 56980343670.96196 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-22T12:40:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-22T12:40:24Z", "ms": 56983223670.96196 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-23T11:52:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-23T11:52:15Z", "ms": 57066734831.441925 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-23T12:40:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-23T12:40:15Z", "ms": 57069614831.441925 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:29 on Fri 22 Oct to 16:06 on Sat 23 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-22T14:28:58Z → 1971-10-23T16:06:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 22nd, 11:52–12:40 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6514 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1971 falls on Saturday 23 October. Caturthī runs from 14:29 on Fri 22 Oct to 16:06 on Sat 23 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-10-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16717, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-24T17:18:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-24T17:18:44Z", "ms": 57172724044.36198 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-25T18:00:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-25T18:00:43Z", "ms": 57261642806.23889 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-24T17:18:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-24T17:18:44Z", "ms": 57172724044.36198 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-25T18:00:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-25T18:00:43Z", "ms": 57261642806.23889 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-24T11:52:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-24T11:52:07Z", "ms": 57153126665.87844 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-24T12:40:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-24T12:40:07Z", "ms": 57156006665.87844 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-25T11:51:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-25T11:51:59Z", "ms": 57239519186.137375 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-25T12:39:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-25T12:39:59Z", "ms": 57242399186.137375 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:19 on Sun 24 Oct to 18:01 on Mon 25 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-24T17:18:44Z → 1971-10-25T18:00:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 24th, 11:52–12:40 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16717 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1971 falls on Monday 25 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:19 on Sun 24 Oct to 18:01 on Mon 25 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17506, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-26T18:06:26+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-26T18:06:26Z", "ms": 57348385631.154724 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-27T17:31:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-27T17:31:32Z", "ms": 57432691904.78428 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-26T18:06:26+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-26T18:06:26Z", "ms": 57348385631.154724 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-27T17:31:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-27T17:31:32Z", "ms": 57432691904.78428 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-26T11:51:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-26T11:51:52Z", "ms": 57325912403.95125 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-26T12:39:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-26T12:39:52Z", "ms": 57328792403.95125 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-27T11:51:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-27T11:51:46Z", "ms": 57412306331.05165 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-27T12:39:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-27T12:39:46Z", "ms": 57415186331.05165 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 18:06 on Tue 26 Oct to 17:32 on Wed 27 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-26T18:06:26Z → 1971-10-27T17:31:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 26th, 11:52–12:40 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17506 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gopāṣṭamī 1971 falls on Wednesday 27 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 18:06 on Tue 26 Oct to 17:32 on Wed 27 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21325, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-27T17:31:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-27T17:31:32Z", "ms": 57432691904.78428 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-28T16:13:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-28T16:13:57Z", "ms": 57514437436.77321 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-27T17:31:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-27T17:31:32Z", "ms": 57432691904.78428 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-28T16:13:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-28T16:13:57Z", "ms": 57514437436.77321 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-27T06:24:02+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-27T06:24:02Z", "ms": 57392641909.89068 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-27T10:18:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-27T10:18:32Z", "ms": 57406711523.99799 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 234, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-28T06:24:15+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-28T06:24:15Z", "ms": 57479055208.95067 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-28T10:18:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-28T10:18:32Z", "ms": 57493112389.20843 } }, "covered_min": 234, "window_min": 234, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 17:32 on Wed 27 Oct to 16:14 on Thu 28 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-27T17:31:32Z → 1971-10-28T16:13:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:24–10:19 on the 27th, 06:24–10:19 on the 28th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 234 minutes on the 27th and 234 of 234 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21325 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1971 falls on Thursday 28 October. Navamī runs from 17:32 on Wed 27 Oct to 16:14 on Thu 28 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12856, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-27T17:31:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-27T17:31:32Z", "ms": 57432691904.78428 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-28T16:13:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-28T16:13:57Z", "ms": 57514437436.77321 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-27T17:31:32+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-27T17:31:32Z", "ms": 57432691904.78428 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-28T16:13:57+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-28T16:13:57Z", "ms": 57514437436.77321 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-27T11:51:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-27T11:51:46Z", "ms": 57412306331.05165 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-27T12:39:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-27T12:39:46Z", "ms": 57415186331.05165 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-28T11:51:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-28T11:51:41Z", "ms": 57498700979.33731 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-28T12:39:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-28T12:39:41Z", "ms": 57501580979.33731 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 17:32 on Wed 27 Oct to 16:14 on Thu 28 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-27T17:31:32Z → 1971-10-28T16:13:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 27th, 11:52–12:40 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12856 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Bamako, 1971: Thursday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Durgā Navamī 1971 falls on Thursday 28 October. Navamī runs from 17:32 on Wed 27 Oct to 16:14 on Thu 28 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-10-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18723, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-29T14:14:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-29T14:14:28Z", "ms": 57593668200.6327 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-30T11:36:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-30T11:36:46Z", "ms": 57670606123.83607 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-29T14:14:28+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-29T14:14:28Z", "ms": 57593668200.6327 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-30T11:36:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-30T11:36:46Z", "ms": 57670606123.83607 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-29T06:24:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-29T06:24:29Z", "ms": 57565469093.57989 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-29T06:24:29+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-29T06:24:29Z", "ms": 57565469093.57989 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-30T06:24:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-30T06:24:44Z", "ms": 57651883570.47508 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-30T06:24:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-30T06:24:44Z", "ms": 57651883570.47508 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:14 on Fri 29 Oct to 11:37 on Sat 30 Oct.", "fact": "1971-10-29T14:14:28Z → 1971-10-30T11:36:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:24 on the 29th and 06:25 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18723 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Saturday 30 October. Ekādaśī runs from 14:14 on Fri 29 Oct to 11:37 on Sat 30 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-10-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32980, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-10-31T08:27:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-31T08:27:12Z", "ms": 57745631815.9825 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-01T04:54:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-01T04:54:14Z", "ms": 57819254164.71343 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-10-31T08:27:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-31T08:27:12Z", "ms": 57745631815.9825 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-01T04:54:14+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-01T04:54:14Z", "ms": 57819254164.71343 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-30T18:06:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-30T18:06:21Z", "ms": 57693981407.66671 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-30T19:44:50+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-30T19:44:50Z", "ms": 57699890372.91726 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-10-31T18:06:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-31T18:06:00Z", "ms": 57780360106.59107 }, "end": { "local": "1971-10-31T19:44:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-10-31T19:44:34Z", "ms": 57786274003.23474 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:27 on Sun 31 Oct to 04:54 on Mon 1 Nov.", "fact": "1971-10-31T08:27:12Z → 1971-11-01T04:54:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:06–19:45 on the 30th, 18:06–19:45 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 98 minutes on the 30th and 99 of 99 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32980 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Sunday 31 October. Trayodaśī runs from 08:27 on Sun 31 Oct to 04:54 on Mon 1 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-10-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31196, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-11-02T01:07:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-02T01:07:56Z", "ms": 57892076046.9921 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-02T21:19:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-02T21:19:21Z", "ms": 57964761454.3843 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-02T01:07:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-02T01:07:56Z", "ms": 57892076046.9921 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-02T21:19:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-02T21:19:21Z", "ms": 57964761454.3843 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-01T11:51:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-01T11:51:27Z", "ms": 57844287038.42348 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-01T12:39:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-01T12:39:27Z", "ms": 57847167038.42348 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-02T11:51:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-02T11:51:25Z", "ms": 57930685488.37223 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-02T12:39:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-02T12:39:25Z", "ms": 57933565488.37223 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 01:08 on Tue 2 Nov to 21:19 on Tue 2 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-02T01:07:56Z → 1971-11-02T21:19:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 1st, 11:51–12:39 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31196 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1971 falls on Tuesday 2 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 01:08 on Tue 2 Nov to 21:19 on Tue 2 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1701, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-11-02T01:07:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-02T01:07:56Z", "ms": 57892076046.9921 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-02T21:19:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-02T21:19:21Z", "ms": 57964761454.3843 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-02T01:07:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-02T01:07:56Z", "ms": 57892076046.9921 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-02T21:19:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-02T21:19:21Z", "ms": 57964761454.3843 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-01T23:51:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-01T23:51:35Z", "ms": 57887495188.80056 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-02T00:39:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-02T00:39:35Z", "ms": 57890375188.80056 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-02T23:51:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-02T23:51:34Z", "ms": 57973893951.189766 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-03T00:39:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-03T00:39:34Z", "ms": 57976773951.189766 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 01:08 on Tue 2 Nov to 21:19 on Tue 2 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-02T01:07:56Z → 1971-11-02T21:19:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 1st, 23:52–00:40 on the 2nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither night qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 1701 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rāsayātrā 1971 falls on Tuesday 2 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 01:08 on Tue 2 Nov to 21:19 on Tue 2 Nov, and reaches niśītha on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-11-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32856, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-11-05T11:35:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-05T11:35:05Z", "ms": 58188904755.4379 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-06T09:29:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-06T09:29:55Z", "ms": 58267794710.70963 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-05T11:35:05+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-05T11:35:05Z", "ms": 58188904755.4379 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-06T09:29:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-06T09:29:55Z", "ms": 58267794710.70963 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-05T20:42:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-05T20:42:40Z", "ms": 58221760429.70918 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-05T20:42:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-05T20:42:40Z", "ms": 58221760429.70918 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-06T21:44:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-06T21:44:25Z", "ms": 58311864882.99182 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-06T21:44:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-06T21:44:25Z", "ms": 58311864882.99182 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:35 on Fri 5 Nov to 09:30 on Sat 6 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-05T11:35:05Z → 1971-11-06T09:29:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:43 on the 5th and 21:44 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32856 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Friday 5 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1971 falls on Friday 5 November. Caturthī runs from 11:35 on Fri 5 Nov to 09:30 on Sat 6 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-11-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-11-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26544, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-11-12T13:51:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-12T13:51:13Z", "ms": 58801872940.470276 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-13T16:26:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-13T16:26:07Z", "ms": 58897566596.1397 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-12T13:51:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-12T13:51:13Z", "ms": 58801872940.470276 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-13T16:26:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-13T16:26:07Z", "ms": 58897566596.1397 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-12T06:28:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-12T06:28:49Z", "ms": 58775328704.00137 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-12T06:28:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-12T06:28:49Z", "ms": 58775328704.00137 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-13T06:29:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-13T06:29:12Z", "ms": 58861752006.70256 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-13T06:29:12+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-13T06:29:12Z", "ms": 58861752006.70256 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:51 on Fri 12 Nov to 16:26 on Sat 13 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-12T13:51:13Z → 1971-11-13T16:26:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:29 on the 12th and 06:29 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26544 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Saturday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Saturday 13 November. Ekādaśī runs from 13:51 on Fri 12 Nov to 16:26 on Sat 13 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-11-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-11-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-15", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2379, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-11-14T19:02:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-14T19:02:47Z", "ms": 58993366859.78993 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-15T21:31:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-15T21:31:59Z", "ms": 59088719409.46659 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-14T19:02:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-14T19:02:47Z", "ms": 58993366859.78993 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-15T21:31:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-15T21:31:59Z", "ms": 59088719409.46659 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-14T18:02:49+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-14T18:02:49Z", "ms": 58989768770.59471 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-14T19:42:26+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-14T19:42:26Z", "ms": 58995746325.34761 } }, "covered_min": 40, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-15T18:02:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-15T18:02:43Z", "ms": 59076163279.22434 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-15T19:42:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-15T19:42:25Z", "ms": 59082144912.45106 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:03 on Sun 14 Nov to 21:32 on Mon 15 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-14T19:02:47Z → 1971-11-15T21:31:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:03–19:42 on the 14th, 18:03–19:42 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 40 of 100 minutes on the 14th and 100 of 100 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2379 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Monday 15 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-15", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Monday 15 November. Trayodaśī runs from 19:03 on Sun 14 Nov to 21:32 on Mon 15 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 40 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-11-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-11-15", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 314, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-11-15T21:31:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-15T21:31:59Z", "ms": 59088719409.46659 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-16T23:47:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-16T23:47:31Z", "ms": 59183250735.99848 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-15T21:31:59+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-15T21:31:59Z", "ms": 59088719409.46659 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-16T23:47:31+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-16T23:47:31Z", "ms": 59183250735.99848 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-15T23:52:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-15T23:52:34Z", "ms": 59097154403.82452 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-16T00:40:34+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-16T00:40:34Z", "ms": 59100034403.82452 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-16T23:52:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-16T23:52:45Z", "ms": 59183565057.054306 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-17T00:40:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-17T00:40:45Z", "ms": 59186445057.054306 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:32 on Mon 15 Nov to 23:48 on Tue 16 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-15T21:31:59Z → 1971-11-16T23:47:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:53–00:41 on the 15th, 23:53–00:41 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 314 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1971: Monday 15 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1971 falls on Monday 15 November. Caturdaśī runs from 21:32 on Mon 15 Nov to 23:48 on Tue 16 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-11-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-11-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20237, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-11-21T05:41:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-21T05:41:55Z", "ms": 59550114930.00049 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-22T06:16:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-22T06:16:35Z", "ms": 59638595187.901665 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-21T05:41:55+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-21T05:41:55Z", "ms": 59550114930.00049 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-22T06:16:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-22T06:16:35Z", "ms": 59638595187.901665 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-21T11:53:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-21T11:53:37Z", "ms": 59572416644.82527 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-21T12:41:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-21T12:41:37Z", "ms": 59575296644.82527 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-22T11:53:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-22T11:53:52Z", "ms": 59658831971.16994 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-22T12:41:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-22T12:41:52Z", "ms": 59661711971.16994 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:42 on Sun 21 Nov to 06:17 on Mon 22 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-21T05:41:55Z → 1971-11-22T06:16:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 21st, 11:54–12:42 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20237 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 21 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1971 falls on Sunday 21 November. Caturthī runs from 05:42 on Sun 21 Nov to 06:17 on Mon 22 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-11-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19718, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1971-11-22T06:16:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-22T06:16:35Z", "ms": 59638595187.901665 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-23T06:25:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-23T06:25:30Z", "ms": 59725530280.3295 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-22T06:16:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-22T06:16:35Z", "ms": 59638595187.901665 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-23T06:25:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-23T06:25:30Z", "ms": 59725530280.3295 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-22T11:53:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-22T11:53:52Z", "ms": 59658831971.16994 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-22T12:41:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-22T12:41:52Z", "ms": 59661711971.16994 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-23T11:54:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-23T11:54:08Z", "ms": 59745248081.53703 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-23T12:42:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-23T12:42:08Z", "ms": 59748128081.53703 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 06:17 on Mon 22 Nov to 06:26 on Tue 23 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-22T06:16:35Z → 1971-11-23T06:25:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 22nd, 11:54–12:42 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19718 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Bamako, 1971: Monday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1971 falls on Monday 22 November. Pañcamī runs from 06:17 on Mon 22 Nov to 06:26 on Tue 23 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19718, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1971-11-23T06:25:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-23T06:25:30Z", "ms": 59725530280.3295 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-24T06:05:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-24T06:05:42Z", "ms": 59810742352.905365 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-23T06:25:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-23T06:25:30Z", "ms": 59725530280.3295 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-24T06:05:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-24T06:05:42Z", "ms": 59810742352.905365 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-23T11:54:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-23T11:54:08Z", "ms": 59745248081.53703 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-23T12:42:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-23T12:42:08Z", "ms": 59748128081.53703 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-24T11:54:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-24T11:54:25Z", "ms": 59831664961.495926 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-24T12:42:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-24T12:42:25Z", "ms": 59834544961.495926 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:26 on Tue 23 Nov to 06:06 on Wed 24 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-23T06:25:30Z → 1971-11-24T06:05:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 23rd, 11:54–12:42 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19718 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1971 falls on Tuesday 23 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:26 on Tue 23 Nov to 06:06 on Wed 24 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19718, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1971-11-23T06:25:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-23T06:25:30Z", "ms": 59725530280.3295 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-24T06:05:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-24T06:05:42Z", "ms": 59810742352.905365 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-23T06:25:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-23T06:25:30Z", "ms": 59725530280.3295 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-24T06:05:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-24T06:05:42Z", "ms": 59810742352.905365 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-23T11:54:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-23T11:54:08Z", "ms": 59745248081.53703 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-23T12:42:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-23T12:42:08Z", "ms": 59748128081.53703 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-24T11:54:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-24T11:54:25Z", "ms": 59831664961.495926 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-24T12:42:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-24T12:42:25Z", "ms": 59834544961.495926 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:26 on Tue 23 Nov to 06:06 on Wed 24 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-23T06:25:30Z → 1971-11-24T06:05:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 23rd, 11:54–12:42 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19718 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1971 falls on Tuesday 23 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:26 on Tue 23 Nov to 06:06 on Wed 24 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20923, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1971-11-24T06:05:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-24T06:05:42Z", "ms": 59810742352.905365 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-25T05:14:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-25T05:14:35Z", "ms": 59894074823.74971 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-24T06:05:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-24T06:05:42Z", "ms": 59810742352.905365 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-25T05:14:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-25T05:14:35Z", "ms": 59894074823.74971 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-24T11:54:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-24T11:54:25Z", "ms": 59831664961.495926 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-24T12:42:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-24T12:42:25Z", "ms": 59834544961.495926 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-25T11:54:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-25T11:54:43Z", "ms": 59918082596.22571 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-25T12:42:43+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-25T12:42:43Z", "ms": 59920962596.22571 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 06:06 on Wed 24 Nov to 05:15 on Thu 25 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-24T06:05:42Z → 1971-11-25T05:14:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 24th, 11:55–12:43 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20923 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 24 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mitra Saptamī 1971 falls on Wednesday 24 November. Saptamī runs from 06:06 on Wed 24 Nov to 05:15 on Thu 25 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-11-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25653, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-11-27T23:28:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-27T23:28:33Z", "ms": 60132513139.748505 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-28T20:37:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-28T20:37:53Z", "ms": 60208672670.146675 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-27T23:28:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-27T23:28:33Z", "ms": 60132513139.748505 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-28T20:37:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-28T20:37:53Z", "ms": 60208672670.146675 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-28T06:36:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-28T06:36:06Z", "ms": 60158165770.97191 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-28T06:36:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-28T06:36:06Z", "ms": 60158165770.97191 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-29T06:36:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-29T06:36:37Z", "ms": 60244596730.676506 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-29T06:36:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-29T06:36:37Z", "ms": 60244596730.676506 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:29 on Sat 27 Nov to 20:38 on Sun 28 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-27T23:28:33Z → 1971-11-28T20:37:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:36 on the 28th and 06:37 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25653 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Sunday 28 November. Ekādaśī runs from 23:29 on Sat 27 Nov to 20:38 on Sun 28 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17123, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-11-28T20:37:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-28T20:37:53Z", "ms": 60208672670.146675 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-29T17:29:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-29T17:29:24Z", "ms": 60283763592.56629 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-28T20:37:53+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-28T20:37:53Z", "ms": 60208672670.146675 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-29T17:29:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-29T17:29:24Z", "ms": 60283763592.56629 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-28T11:55:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-28T11:55:40Z", "ms": 60177339878.61784 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-28T12:43:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-28T12:43:40Z", "ms": 60180219878.61784 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-29T11:56:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-29T11:56:00Z", "ms": 60263760382.59468 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-29T12:44:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-29T12:44:00Z", "ms": 60266640382.59468 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 20:38 on Sun 28 Nov to 17:29 on Mon 29 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-28T20:37:53Z → 1971-11-29T17:29:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 28th, 11:56–12:44 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17123 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1971 falls on Monday 29 November. Dvādaśī runs from 20:38 on Sun 28 Nov to 17:29 on Mon 29 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-11-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2040, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-11-29T17:29:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-29T17:29:24Z", "ms": 60283763592.56629 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-30T14:11:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-30T14:11:41Z", "ms": 60358300510.62195 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-11-29T17:29:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-29T17:29:24Z", "ms": 60283763592.56629 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-30T14:11:41+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-30T14:11:41Z", "ms": 60358300510.62195 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-29T18:03:24+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-29T18:03:24Z", "ms": 60285804034.512856 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-29T19:43:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-29T19:43:54Z", "ms": 60291833894.86366 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-11-30T18:03:35+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-30T18:03:35Z", "ms": 60372215147.179634 }, "end": { "local": "1971-11-30T19:44:08+00:00", "utc": "1971-11-30T19:44:08Z", "ms": 60378247730.0585 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:29 on Mon 29 Nov to 14:12 on Tue 30 Nov.", "fact": "1971-11-29T17:29:24Z → 1971-11-30T14:11:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:03–19:44 on the 29th, 18:04–19:44 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 101 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2040 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Monday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Monday 29 November. Trayodaśī runs from 17:29 on Mon 29 Nov to 14:12 on Tue 30 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-11-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-12-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25760, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1971-12-01T10:54:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-01T10:54:27Z", "ms": 60432867262.913605 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-02T07:48:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-02T07:48:07Z", "ms": 60508087060.054184 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-12-01T10:54:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-01T10:54:27Z", "ms": 60432867262.913605 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-02T07:48:07+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-02T07:48:07Z", "ms": 60508087060.054184 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-01T18:03:47+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-01T18:03:47Z", "ms": 60458627316.60256 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-01T19:44:23+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-01T19:44:23Z", "ms": 60464662514.87229 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-02T18:04:01+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-02T18:04:01Z", "ms": 60545040534.465416 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-02T19:44:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-02T19:44:38Z", "ms": 60551078239.061554 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:54 on Wed 1 Dec to 07:48 on Thu 2 Dec.", "fact": "1971-12-01T10:54:27Z → 1971-12-02T07:48:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:04–19:44 on the 1st, 18:04–19:45 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 101 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25760 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 1 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1971 falls on Wednesday 1 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:54 on Wed 1 Dec to 07:48 on Thu 2 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-12-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11040, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-12-05T01:16:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-05T01:16:13Z", "ms": 60743773414.75756 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-06T00:29:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-06T00:29:30Z", "ms": 60827370394.597305 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-12-05T01:16:13+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-05T01:16:13Z", "ms": 60743773414.75756 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-06T00:29:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-06T00:29:30Z", "ms": 60827370394.597305 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-04T20:26:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-04T20:26:52Z", "ms": 60726411523.42933 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-04T20:26:52+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-04T20:26:52Z", "ms": 60726411523.42933 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-05T21:25:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-05T21:25:30Z", "ms": 60816330295.44007 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-05T21:25:30+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-05T21:25:30Z", "ms": 60816330295.44007 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:16 on Sun 5 Dec to 00:30 on Mon 6 Dec.", "fact": "1971-12-05T01:16:13Z → 1971-12-06T00:29:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:27 on the 4th and 21:26 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11040 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Sunday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1971 falls on Sunday 5 December. Caturthī runs from 01:16 on Sun 5 Dec to 00:30 on Mon 6 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1971-12-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-12-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-12-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12770, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-12-12T10:16:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-12T10:16:27Z", "ms": 61380987404.933 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-13T12:45:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-13T12:45:44Z", "ms": 61476343943.42346 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-12-12T10:16:27+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-12T10:16:27Z", "ms": 61380987404.933 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-13T12:45:44+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-13T12:45:44Z", "ms": 61476343943.42346 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-12T06:43:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-12T06:43:37Z", "ms": 61368217333.4754 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-12T06:43:37+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-12T06:43:37Z", "ms": 61368217333.4754 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-13T06:44:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-13T06:44:10Z", "ms": 61454650074.568 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-13T06:44:10+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-13T06:44:10Z", "ms": 61454650074.568 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:16 on Sun 12 Dec to 12:46 on Mon 13 Dec.", "fact": "1971-12-12T10:16:27Z → 1971-12-13T12:45:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:44 on the 12th and 06:44 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12770 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 13 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Monday 13 December. Ekādaśī runs from 10:16 on Sun 12 Dec to 12:46 on Mon 13 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-12-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-12-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4903, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-12-14T14:58:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-14T14:58:00Z", "ms": 61570679930.6356 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-15T16:46:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-15T16:46:38Z", "ms": 61663597796.69849 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-12-14T14:58:00+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-14T14:58:00Z", "ms": 61570679930.6356 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-15T16:46:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-15T16:46:38Z", "ms": 61663597796.69849 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-14T18:07:56+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-14T18:07:56Z", "ms": 61582075719.54461 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-14T19:48:54+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-14T19:48:54Z", "ms": 61588134313.70083 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-15T18:08:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-15T18:08:21Z", "ms": 61668501049.344734 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-15T19:49:21+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-15T19:49:21Z", "ms": 61674560570.6754 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:58 on Tue 14 Dec to 16:47 on Wed 15 Dec.", "fact": "1971-12-14T14:58:00Z → 1971-12-15T16:46:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:08–19:49 on the 14th, 18:08–19:49 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 101 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4903 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Tuesday 14 December. Trayodaśī runs from 14:58 on Tue 14 Dec to 16:47 on Wed 15 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-12-15", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-12-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21309, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-12-15T16:46:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-15T16:46:38Z", "ms": 61663597796.69849 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-16T18:08:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-16T18:08:25Z", "ms": 61754904632.39749 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-12-15T16:46:38+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-15T16:46:38Z", "ms": 61663597796.69849 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-16T18:08:25+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-16T18:08:25Z", "ms": 61754904632.39749 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-16T00:03:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-16T00:03:04Z", "ms": 61689784254.33474 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-16T00:51:04+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-16T00:51:04Z", "ms": 61692664254.33474 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1971-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-17T00:03:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-17T00:03:33Z", "ms": 61776213321.3804 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-17T00:51:33+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-17T00:51:33Z", "ms": 61779093321.3804 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:47 on Wed 15 Dec to 18:08 on Thu 16 Dec.", "fact": "1971-12-15T16:46:38Z → 1971-12-16T18:08:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:03–00:51 on the 15th, 00:04–00:52 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21309 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 15 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1971 falls on Wednesday 15 December. Caturdaśī runs from 16:47 on Wed 15 Dec to 18:08 on Thu 16 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/shivaratri?on=1971-12-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-12-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-12-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20420, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1971-12-20T19:14:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-20T19:14:51Z", "ms": 62104491172.22124 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-21T18:34:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-21T18:34:06Z", "ms": 62188445709.51448 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-12-20T19:14:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-20T19:14:51Z", "ms": 62104491172.22124 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-21T18:34:06+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-21T18:34:06Z", "ms": 62188445709.51448 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-12-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-20T12:05:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-20T12:05:16Z", "ms": 62078716078.338684 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-20T12:53:16+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-20T12:53:16Z", "ms": 62081596078.338684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-21T12:05:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-21T12:05:46Z", "ms": 62165146096.735565 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-21T12:53:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-21T12:53:46Z", "ms": 62168026096.735565 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:15 on Mon 20 Dec to 18:34 on Tue 21 Dec.", "fact": "1971-12-20T19:14:51Z → 1971-12-21T18:34:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 20th, 12:06–12:54 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20420 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1971: Tuesday 21 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1971 falls on Tuesday 21 December. Caturthī runs from 19:15 on Mon 20 Dec to 18:34 on Tue 21 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1971-12-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-12-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-12-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3862, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-12-27T07:55:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-27T07:55:40Z", "ms": 62668540316.803505 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-28T05:23:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-28T05:23:39Z", "ms": 62745819113.32643 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-12-27T07:55:40+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-27T07:55:40Z", "ms": 62668540316.803505 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-28T05:23:39+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-28T05:23:39Z", "ms": 62745819113.32643 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-27T06:51:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-27T06:51:19Z", "ms": 62664678721.57004 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-27T06:51:19+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-27T06:51:19Z", "ms": 62664678721.57004 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-28T06:51:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-28T06:51:46Z", "ms": 62751105698.99228 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-28T06:51:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-28T06:51:46Z", "ms": 62751105698.99228 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:56 on Mon 27 Dec to 05:24 on Tue 28 Dec.", "fact": "1971-12-27T07:55:40Z → 1971-12-28T05:23:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:51 on the 27th and 06:52 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 3862 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1971: Monday 27 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Putradā Ekādaśī 1971 falls on Monday 27 December. Ekādaśī runs from 07:56 on Mon 27 Dec to 05:24 on Tue 28 Dec, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/ekadashi?on=1971-12-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-12-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1971, "local_date": "1971-12-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16054, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1971-12-29T02:50:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-29T02:50:42Z", "ms": 62823041790.856544 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-30T00:23:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-30T00:23:51Z", "ms": 62900631164.048676 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1971-12-29T02:50:42+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-29T02:50:42Z", "ms": 62823041790.856544 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-30T00:23:51+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-30T00:23:51Z", "ms": 62900631164.048676 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1971-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-28T18:14:46+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-28T18:14:46Z", "ms": 62792085581.36962 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-28T19:55:45+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-28T19:55:45Z", "ms": 62798145105.64 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1971-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1971-12-29T18:15:18+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-29T18:15:18Z", "ms": 62878518148.22731 }, "end": { "local": "1971-12-29T19:56:17+00:00", "utc": "1971-12-29T19:56:17Z", "ms": 62884576746.90787 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:51 on Wed 29 Dec to 00:24 on Thu 30 Dec.", "fact": "1971-12-29T02:50:42Z → 1971-12-30T00:23:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:15–19:56 on the 28th, 18:15–19:56 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 28th and 101 of 101 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16054 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1971: Wednesday 29 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1971-12-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1971 falls on Wednesday 29 December. Trayodaśī runs from 02:51 on Wed 29 Dec to 00:24 on Thu 30 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1971/pradosha-vrata?on=1971-12-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }