{ "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978", "place": { "id": "2460596", "slug": "bamako", "name": "Bamako", "region": "Mali", "country": "ML", "lat": 12.60915, "lon": -7.97522, "elevation_m": 374, "tz": "Africa/Bamako" }, "year": 1978, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-01-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36371, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-04T20:48:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-04T20:48:54Z", "ms": 252794933722.99567 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-05T18:15:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-05T18:15:40Z", "ms": 252872139706.22858 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-04T20:48:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-04T20:48:54Z", "ms": 252794933722.99567 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-05T18:15:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-05T18:15:40Z", "ms": 252872139706.22858 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-05T06:55:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-05T06:55:05Z", "ms": 252831304631.28598 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-05T06:55:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-05T06:55:05Z", "ms": 252831304631.28598 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-06T06:55:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-06T06:55:24Z", "ms": 252917724360.83615 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-06T06:55:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-06T06:55:24Z", "ms": 252917724360.83615 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:49 on Wed 4 Jan to 18:16 on Thu 5 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-04T20:48:54Z → 1978-01-05T18:15:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:55 on the 5th and 06:55 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36371 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 5 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 5 January. Ekādaśī runs from 20:49 on Wed 4 Jan to 18:16 on Thu 5 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-01-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-01-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11490, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-06T15:08:33+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-06T15:08:33Z", "ms": 252947312841.31305 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-07T11:36:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T11:36:24Z", "ms": 253020984479.13116 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-06T15:08:33+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-06T15:08:33Z", "ms": 252947312841.31305 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-07T11:36:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T11:36:24Z", "ms": 253020984479.13116 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-06T18:20:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-06T18:20:02Z", "ms": 252958802440.00708 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-06T20:00:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-06T20:00:48Z", "ms": 252964847875.09735 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-07T18:20:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T18:20:36Z", "ms": 253045236276.63397 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-07T20:01:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T20:01:20Z", "ms": 253051279590.7447 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:09 on Fri 6 Jan to 11:36 on Sat 7 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-06T15:08:33Z → 1978-01-07T11:36:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:20–20:01 on the 6th, 18:21–20:01 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 101 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11490 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Friday 6 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Friday 6 January. Trayodaśī runs from 15:09 on Fri 6 Jan to 11:36 on Sat 7 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-01-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-01-07", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24441, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-07T11:36:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T11:36:24Z", "ms": 253020984479.13116 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-08T07:49:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-08T07:49:40Z", "ms": 253093779849.8403 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-07T11:36:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T11:36:24Z", "ms": 253020984479.13116 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-08T07:49:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-08T07:49:40Z", "ms": 253093779849.8403 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-07T00:13:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T00:13:53Z", "ms": 252980032821.59564 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-07T01:01:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-07T01:01:53Z", "ms": 252982912821.59564 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-08T00:14:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-08T00:14:19Z", "ms": 253066458704.54913 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-08T01:02:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-08T01:02:19Z", "ms": 253069338704.54913 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:36 on Sat 7 Jan to 07:50 on Sun 8 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-07T11:36:24Z → 1978-01-08T07:49:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:14–01:02 on the 6th, 00:14–01:02 on the 7th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24441 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Saturday 7 January. Caturdaśī runs from 11:36 on Sat 7 Jan to 07:50 on Sun 8 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-01-12", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10464, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-11T18:07:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-11T18:07:29Z", "ms": 253390049293.98962 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-12T15:58:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-12T15:58:38Z", "ms": 253468717652.09335 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-11T18:07:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-11T18:07:29Z", "ms": 253390049293.98962 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-12T15:58:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-12T15:58:38Z", "ms": 253468717652.09335 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-11T12:15:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-11T12:15:50Z", "ms": 253368949948.79752 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-11T13:03:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-11T13:03:50Z", "ms": 253371829948.79752 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-01-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-12T12:16:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-12T12:16:14Z", "ms": 253455373561.1433 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-12T13:04:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-12T13:04:14Z", "ms": 253458253561.1433 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:07 on Wed 11 Jan to 15:59 on Thu 12 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-11T18:07:29Z → 1978-01-12T15:58:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:16–13:04 on the 11th, 12:16–13:04 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10464 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 12 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Thursday 12 January. Caturthī runs from 18:07 on Wed 11 Jan to 15:59 on Thu 12 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-01-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27573, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T02:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T15:05:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T15:05:40Z", "ms": 256143939667.8633 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T02:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T02:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-12T18:23:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-12T18:23:24Z", "ms": 253477403905.92288 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-13T18:23:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-13T18:23:57Z", "ms": 253563836869.25354 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-13T18:23:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-13T18:23:57Z", "ms": 253563836869.25354 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T18:24:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T18:24:30Z", "ms": 253650269570.1598 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 02:03 on Sat 14 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 18:24, and the day of the 14th ends at 18:24.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 27573 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Saturday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Bamako, 1978: Friday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1978-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1978-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bhogi 1978 falls on Friday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Saturday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 02:03 on Sat 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 12 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27573, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T02:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T15:05:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T15:05:40Z", "ms": 256143939667.8633 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T02:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T02:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-12T18:23:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-12T18:23:24Z", "ms": 253477403905.92288 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-13T18:23:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-13T18:23:57Z", "ms": 253563836869.25354 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-13T18:23:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-13T18:23:57Z", "ms": 253563836869.25354 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T18:24:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T18:24:30Z", "ms": 253650269570.1598 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 02:03 on Sat 14 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 18:24, and the day of the 14th ends at 18:24.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 27573 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1978-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Pongal 1978 falls on Saturday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 02:03 on Sat 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7410, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T02:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T15:05:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T15:05:40Z", "ms": 256143939667.8633 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T02:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T02:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-13T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-13T00:00:00Z", "ms": 253497600000 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T00:00:00Z", "ms": 253584000000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T00:00:00Z", "ms": 253584000000 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-15T00:00:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ms": 253670400000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 02:03 on Sat 14 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Bamako.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Africa/Bamako" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 7410 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1978-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Makara Saṅkrānti 1978 falls on Saturday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 02:03 on Sat 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27573, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T02:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T15:05:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T15:05:40Z", "ms": 256143939667.8633 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1978-01-14T02:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T02:03:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z", "ms": 253591409956.62323 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-12T18:23:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-12T18:23:24Z", "ms": 253477403905.92288 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-13T18:23:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-13T18:23:57Z", "ms": 253563836869.25354 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-13T18:23:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-13T18:23:57Z", "ms": 253563836869.25354 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-14T18:24:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-14T18:24:30Z", "ms": 253650269570.1598 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 02:03 on Sat 14 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-14T02:03:30Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 18:24, and the day of the 14th ends at 18:24.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 27573 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Saturday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1978-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1978-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mattu Pongal 1978 falls on Sunday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Saturday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 02:03 on Sat 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-01-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30949, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-18T19:50:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-18T19:50:20Z", "ms": 254001019858.10507 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-19T22:22:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-19T22:22:28Z", "ms": 254096548407.61392 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-18T19:50:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-18T19:50:20Z", "ms": 254001019858.10507 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-19T22:22:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-19T22:22:28Z", "ms": 254096548407.61392 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-19T06:58:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-19T06:58:12Z", "ms": 254041091862.42834 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-19T06:58:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-19T06:58:12Z", "ms": 254041091862.42834 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-20T06:58:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-20T06:58:17Z", "ms": 254127497328.33853 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-20T06:58:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-20T06:58:17Z", "ms": 254127497328.33853 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:50 on Wed 18 Jan to 22:22 on Thu 19 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-18T19:50:20Z → 1978-01-19T22:22:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:58 on the 19th and 06:58 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30949 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 19 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Putradā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 19 January. Ekādaśī runs from 19:50 on Wed 18 Jan to 22:22 on Thu 19 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-01-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-01-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17452, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-21T00:58:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-21T00:58:37Z", "ms": 254192316782.679 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-22T03:29:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-22T03:29:53Z", "ms": 254287792858.3773 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-21T00:58:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-21T00:58:37Z", "ms": 254192316782.679 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-22T03:29:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-22T03:29:53Z", "ms": 254287792858.3773 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-20T18:27:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-20T18:27:39Z", "ms": 254168858821.01978 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-20T20:07:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-20T20:07:45Z", "ms": 254174864537.3003 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-21T18:28:09+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-21T18:28:09Z", "ms": 254255288996.8563 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-21T20:08:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-21T20:08:11Z", "ms": 254261291124.6618 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:59 on Sat 21 Jan to 03:30 on Sun 22 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-21T00:58:37Z → 1978-01-22T03:29:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:28–20:08 on the 20th, 18:28–20:08 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 20th and 100 of 100 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17452 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 21 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Saturday 21 January. Trayodaśī runs from 00:59 on Sat 21 Jan to 03:30 on Sun 22 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-01-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-01-27", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-01-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32085, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-01-27T12:21:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-27T12:21:34Z", "ms": 254751694157.4183 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-28T13:06:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-28T13:06:29Z", "ms": 254840788846.52237 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-01-27T12:21:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-27T12:21:34Z", "ms": 254751694157.4183 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-28T13:06:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-28T13:06:29Z", "ms": 254840788846.52237 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-27T21:16:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-27T21:16:19Z", "ms": 254783779478.1568 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-27T21:16:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-27T21:16:19Z", "ms": 254783779478.1568 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-01-28T22:06:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-28T22:06:12Z", "ms": 254873171746.23563 }, "end": { "local": "1978-01-28T22:06:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-01-28T22:06:12Z", "ms": 254873171746.23563 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:22 on Fri 27 Jan to 13:06 on Sat 28 Jan.", "fact": "1978-01-27T12:21:34Z → 1978-01-28T13:06:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:16 on the 27th and 22:06 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32085 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 27 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Friday 27 January. Caturthī runs from 12:22 on Fri 27 Jan to 13:06 on Sat 28 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-01-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-02-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 654, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-03T06:46:46+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-03T06:46:46Z", "ms": 255336405600.98572 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-04T03:55:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-04T03:55:18Z", "ms": 255412518348.68045 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-03T06:46:46+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-03T06:46:46Z", "ms": 255336405600.98572 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-04T03:55:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-04T03:55:18Z", "ms": 255412518348.68045 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-03T06:57:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-03T06:57:39Z", "ms": 255337059316.503 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-03T06:57:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-03T06:57:39Z", "ms": 255337059316.503 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-04T06:57:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-04T06:57:29Z", "ms": 255423448649.55557 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-04T06:57:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-04T06:57:29Z", "ms": 255423448649.55557 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:47 on Fri 3 Feb to 03:55 on Sat 4 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-03T06:46:46Z → 1978-02-04T03:55:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:58 on the 3rd and 06:57 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 654 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 3 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Friday 3 February. Ekādaśī runs from 06:47 on Fri 3 Feb to 03:55 on Sat 4 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-02-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-02-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4268, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-05T00:45:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T00:45:05Z", "ms": 255487504735.0616 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-05T21:24:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z", "ms": 255561889345.26828 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-05T00:45:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T00:45:05Z", "ms": 255487504735.0616 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-05T21:24:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z", "ms": 255561889345.26828 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-04T18:34:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-04T18:34:20Z", "ms": 255465259691.95798 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-04T20:13:23+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-04T20:13:23Z", "ms": 255471203328.2372 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-05T18:34:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T18:34:42Z", "ms": 255551682097.6175 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-05T20:13:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T20:13:41Z", "ms": 255557621053.57727 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:45 on Sun 5 Feb to 21:25 on Sun 5 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-05T00:45:05Z → 1978-02-05T21:24:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:34–20:13 on the 4th, 18:35–20:14 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 4th and 99 of 99 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4268 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 5 February. Trayodaśī runs from 00:45 on Sun 5 Feb to 21:25 on Sun 5 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-02-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-02-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10624, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-05T21:24:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z", "ms": 255561889345.26828 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-06T18:04:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T18:04:20Z", "ms": 255636260238.04483 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-05T21:24:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z", "ms": 255561889345.26828 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-06T18:04:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T18:04:20Z", "ms": 255636260238.04483 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-06T00:21:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T00:21:53Z", "ms": 255572513182.46664 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-06T01:09:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T01:09:53Z", "ms": 255575393182.46664 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-07T00:21:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-07T00:21:57Z", "ms": 255658917241.46796 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-07T01:09:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-07T01:09:57Z", "ms": 255661797241.46796 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:25 on Sun 5 Feb to 18:04 on Mon 6 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z → 1978-02-06T18:04:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:22–01:10 on the 5th, 00:22–01:10 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10624 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Sunday 5 February. Caturdaśī runs from 21:25 on Sun 5 Feb to 18:04 on Mon 6 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-02-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28396, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-05T21:24:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z", "ms": 255561889345.26828 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-06T18:04:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T18:04:20Z", "ms": 255636260238.04483 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-05T21:24:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z", "ms": 255561889345.26828 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-06T18:04:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T18:04:20Z", "ms": 255636260238.04483 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-06T05:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T05:18:05Z", "ms": 255590285311.35602 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-06T06:57:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-06T06:57:04Z", "ms": 255596224267.3158 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-07T05:17:56+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-07T05:17:56Z", "ms": 255676676346.4882 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-07T06:56:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-07T06:56:51Z", "ms": 255682610566.49554 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:25 on Sun 5 Feb to 18:04 on Mon 6 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-05T21:24:49Z → 1978-02-06T18:04:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:18–06:57 on the 6th, 05:18–06:57 on the 7th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 99 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28396 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Bamako, 1978: Monday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yama Tarpaṇa 1978 falls on Monday 6 February. Caturdaśī runs from 21:25 on Sun 5 Feb to 18:04 on Mon 6 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15463, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-10T08:04:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T08:04:31Z", "ms": 255945870930.3851 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T07:09:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-10T08:04:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T08:04:31Z", "ms": 255945870930.3851 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T07:09:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-10T12:22:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T12:22:14Z", "ms": 255961334348.15808 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-10T13:10:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T13:10:14Z", "ms": 255964214348.15808 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T12:22:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T12:22:15Z", "ms": 256047734926.24307 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T13:10:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T13:10:15Z", "ms": 256050614926.24307 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:05 on Fri 10 Feb to 07:10 on Sat 11 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-10T08:04:31Z → 1978-02-11T07:09:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 10th, 12:22–13:10 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15463 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 10 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1978 falls on Friday 10 February. Caturthī runs from 08:05 on Fri 10 Feb to 07:10 on Sat 11 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37914, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-10T08:04:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T08:04:31Z", "ms": 255945870930.3851 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T07:09:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-10T08:04:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T08:04:31Z", "ms": 255945870930.3851 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T07:09:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-10T18:36:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T18:36:25Z", "ms": 255983785177.65015 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-10T20:15:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-10T20:15:00Z", "ms": 255989699938.84705 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T18:36:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T18:36:44Z", "ms": 256070203965.85934 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T20:15:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T20:15:14Z", "ms": 256076113743.7403 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:05 on Fri 10 Feb to 07:10 on Sat 11 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-10T08:04:31Z → 1978-02-11T07:09:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:36–20:15 on the 10th, 18:37–20:15 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 99 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 98 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37914 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 10 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Tila Caturthī 1978 falls on Friday 10 February. Caturthī runs from 08:05 on Fri 10 Feb to 07:10 on Sat 11 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18747, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T07:09:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T07:04:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T07:04:07Z", "ms": 256115046772.8673 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T07:09:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T07:04:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T07:04:07Z", "ms": 256115046772.8673 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T12:22:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T12:22:15Z", "ms": 256047734926.24307 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T13:10:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T13:10:15Z", "ms": 256050614926.24307 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-12T12:22:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T12:22:15Z", "ms": 256134134720.1211 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T13:10:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T13:10:15Z", "ms": 256137014720.1211 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:10 on Sat 11 Feb to 07:04 on Sun 12 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z → 1978-02-12T07:04:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 11th, 12:22–13:10 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18747 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 11 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śrī Pañcamī 1978 falls on Saturday 11 February. Pañcamī runs from 07:10 on Sat 11 Feb to 07:04 on Sun 12 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18747, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T07:09:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T07:04:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T07:04:07Z", "ms": 256115046772.8673 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T07:09:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z", "ms": 256028987432.8366 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T07:04:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T07:04:07Z", "ms": 256115046772.8673 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-11T12:22:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T12:22:15Z", "ms": 256047734926.24307 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-11T13:10:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-11T13:10:15Z", "ms": 256050614926.24307 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-12T12:22:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T12:22:15Z", "ms": 256134134720.1211 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-12T13:10:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-12T13:10:15Z", "ms": 256137014720.1211 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 07:10 on Sat 11 Feb to 07:04 on Sun 12 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-11T07:09:47Z → 1978-02-12T07:04:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 11th, 12:22–13:10 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18747 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 11 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vasanta Pañcamī 1978 falls on Saturday 11 February. Pañcamī runs from 07:10 on Sat 11 Feb to 07:04 on Sun 12 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3113, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-13T07:47:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-13T07:47:01Z", "ms": 256204020977.52606 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-14T09:13:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-14T09:13:37Z", "ms": 256295617187.8517 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-13T07:47:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-13T07:47:01Z", "ms": 256204020977.52606 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-14T09:13:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-14T09:13:37Z", "ms": 256295617187.8517 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-13T05:16:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-13T05:16:43Z", "ms": 256195003022.08615 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-13T06:55:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-13T06:55:08Z", "ms": 256200907773.1339 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-14T05:16:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-14T05:16:28Z", "ms": 256281387639.39716 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-14T06:54:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-14T06:54:47Z", "ms": 256287287321.97485 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 07:47 on Mon 13 Feb to 09:14 on Tue 14 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-13T07:47:01Z → 1978-02-14T09:13:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:17–06:55 on the 13th, 05:16–06:55 on the 14th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 98 minutes on the 13th and 98 of 98 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3113 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 14 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ratha Saptamī 1978 falls on Tuesday 14 February. Saptamī runs from 07:47 on Mon 13 Feb to 09:14 on Tue 14 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-02-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33471, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-17T16:11:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-17T16:11:32Z", "ms": 256579891864.52603 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-18T18:41:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T18:41:01Z", "ms": 256675261185.783 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-17T16:11:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-17T16:11:32Z", "ms": 256579891864.52603 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-18T18:41:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T18:41:01Z", "ms": 256675261185.783 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-17T06:53:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-17T06:53:41Z", "ms": 256546420598.33984 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-17T06:53:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-17T06:53:41Z", "ms": 256546420598.33984 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-18T06:53:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T06:53:17Z", "ms": 256632796630.54456 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-18T06:53:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T06:53:17Z", "ms": 256632796630.54456 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:12 on Fri 17 Feb to 18:41 on Sat 18 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-17T16:11:32Z → 1978-02-18T18:41:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:54 on the 17th and 06:53 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 17th and is on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33471 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 18 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Jayā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Saturday 18 February. Ekādaśī runs from 16:12 on Fri 17 Feb to 18:41 on Sat 18 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-02-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19864, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-18T18:41:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T18:41:01Z", "ms": 256675261185.783 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-19T20:56:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T20:56:51Z", "ms": 256769811480.59174 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-18T18:41:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T18:41:01Z", "ms": 256675261185.783 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-19T20:56:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T20:56:51Z", "ms": 256769811480.59174 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-18T12:21:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T12:21:58Z", "ms": 256652517565.30902 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-18T13:09:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-18T13:09:58Z", "ms": 256655397565.30902 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-19T12:21:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T12:21:52Z", "ms": 256738912170.69937 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-19T13:09:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T13:09:52Z", "ms": 256741792170.69937 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 18:41 on Sat 18 Feb to 20:57 on Sun 19 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-18T18:41:01Z → 1978-02-19T20:56:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 18th, 12:22–13:10 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19864 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 19 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 19 February. Dvādaśī runs from 18:41 on Sat 18 Feb to 20:57 on Sun 19 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-02-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2410, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-19T20:56:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T20:56:51Z", "ms": 256769811480.59174 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-20T22:51:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-20T22:51:57Z", "ms": 256863117085.5031 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-19T20:56:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T20:56:51Z", "ms": 256769811480.59174 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-20T22:51:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-20T22:51:57Z", "ms": 256863117085.5031 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-19T18:38:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T18:38:53Z", "ms": 256761532508.06277 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-19T20:16:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-19T20:16:41Z", "ms": 256767401004.15192 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-20T18:39:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-20T18:39:06Z", "ms": 256847945954.83588 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-20T20:16:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-20T20:16:49Z", "ms": 256853809139.2578 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:57 on Sun 19 Feb to 22:52 on Mon 20 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-19T20:56:51Z → 1978-02-20T22:51:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:39–20:17 on the 19th, 18:39–20:17 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 98 minutes on the 19th and 98 of 98 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2410 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Monday 20 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-20", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 20 February. Trayodaśī runs from 20:57 on Sun 19 Feb to 22:52 on Mon 20 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-02-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39304, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-02-22T00:22:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-22T00:22:17Z", "ms": 256954937383.8415 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-23T01:26:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-23T01:26:20Z", "ms": 257045179946.6771 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-22T00:22:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-22T00:22:17Z", "ms": 256954937383.8415 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-23T01:26:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-23T01:26:20Z", "ms": 257045179946.6771 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-22T12:21:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-22T12:21:32Z", "ms": 256998091948.83014 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-22T13:09:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-22T13:09:32Z", "ms": 257000971948.83014 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-23T12:21:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-23T12:21:24Z", "ms": 257084483922.10242 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-23T13:09:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-23T13:09:24Z", "ms": 257087363922.10242 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:22 on Wed 22 Feb to 01:26 on Thu 23 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-22T00:22:17Z → 1978-02-23T01:26:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 22nd, 12:21–13:09 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39304 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1978 falls on Wednesday 22 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:22 on Wed 22 Feb to 01:26 on Thu 23 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-02-26", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-02-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13388, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-02-26T02:04:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-26T02:04:52Z", "ms": 257306692086.0093 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-27T01:29:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-27T01:29:45Z", "ms": 257390984527.1286 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-02-26T02:04:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-26T02:04:52Z", "ms": 257306692086.0093 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-27T01:29:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-27T01:29:45Z", "ms": 257390984527.1286 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-02-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-25T20:53:56+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-25T20:53:56Z", "ms": 257288035699.65637 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-25T20:53:56+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-25T20:53:56Z", "ms": 257288035699.65637 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-02-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-02-26T21:46:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-26T21:46:36Z", "ms": 257377596267.51666 }, "end": { "local": "1978-02-26T21:46:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-02-26T21:46:36Z", "ms": 257377596267.51666 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:05 on Sun 26 Feb to 01:30 on Mon 27 Feb.", "fact": "1978-02-26T02:04:52Z → 1978-02-27T01:29:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:54 on the 25th and 21:47 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13388 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 26 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-02-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Sunday 26 February. Caturthī runs from 02:05 on Sun 26 Feb to 01:30 on Mon 27 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-02-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-03-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19387, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-04T14:46:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-04T14:46:02Z", "ms": 257870761583.51434 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-05T12:08:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-05T12:08:58Z", "ms": 257947737984.82263 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-04T14:46:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-04T14:46:02Z", "ms": 257870761583.51434 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-05T12:08:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-05T12:08:58Z", "ms": 257947737984.82263 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-04T06:46:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-04T06:46:25Z", "ms": 257841984577.4168 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-04T06:46:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-04T06:46:25Z", "ms": 257841984577.4168 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-05T06:45:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-05T06:45:51Z", "ms": 257928350645.27173 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-05T06:45:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-05T06:45:51Z", "ms": 257928350645.27173 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:46 on Sat 4 Mar to 12:09 on Sun 5 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-04T14:46:02Z → 1978-03-05T12:08:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:46 on the 4th and 06:46 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19387 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 5 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 5 March. Ekādaśī runs from 14:46 on Sat 4 Mar to 12:09 on Sun 5 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-03-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-03-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33070, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-06T09:30:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-06T09:30:14Z", "ms": 258024613579.3242 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-07T06:56:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T06:56:47Z", "ms": 258101807079.71936 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-06T09:30:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-06T09:30:14Z", "ms": 258024613579.3242 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-07T06:56:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T06:56:47Z", "ms": 258101807079.71936 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-06T18:41:23+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-06T18:41:23Z", "ms": 258057683215.7866 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-06T20:17:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-06T20:17:50Z", "ms": 258063469636.39355 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-07T18:41:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T18:41:30Z", "ms": 258144089965.44058 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-07T20:17:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T20:17:51Z", "ms": 258149870778.95377 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:30 on Mon 6 Mar to 06:57 on Tue 7 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-06T09:30:14Z → 1978-03-07T06:56:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:41–20:18 on the 6th, 18:41–20:18 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 96 of 96 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 96 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33070 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Monday 6 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 6 March. Trayodaśī runs from 09:30 on Mon 6 Mar to 06:57 on Tue 7 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-03-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12564, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-07T06:56:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T06:56:47Z", "ms": 258101807079.71936 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-08T04:36:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-08T04:36:12Z", "ms": 258179771816.43063 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-07T06:56:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T06:56:47Z", "ms": 258101807079.71936 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-08T04:36:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-08T04:36:12Z", "ms": 258179771816.43063 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-07T00:19:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T00:19:02Z", "ms": 258077942293.06268 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-07T01:07:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-07T01:07:02Z", "ms": 258080822293.06268 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-08T00:18:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-08T00:18:48Z", "ms": 258164328016.11505 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-08T01:06:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-08T01:06:48Z", "ms": 258167208016.11505 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:57 on Tue 7 Mar to 04:36 on Wed 8 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-07T06:56:47Z → 1978-03-08T04:36:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:19–01:07 on the 6th, 00:19–01:07 on the 7th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 12564 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahāśivarātri 1978 falls on Tuesday 7 March. Caturdaśī runs from 06:57 on Tue 7 Mar to 04:36 on Wed 8 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-03-12", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38589, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-11T23:49:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-11T23:49:15Z", "ms": 258508154852.39438 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-13T00:13:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-13T00:13:29Z", "ms": 258596008948.29654 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-11T23:49:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-11T23:49:15Z", "ms": 258508154852.39438 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-13T00:13:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-13T00:13:29Z", "ms": 258596008948.29654 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-11T12:18:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-11T12:18:06Z", "ms": 258466685700.82983 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-11T13:06:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-11T13:06:06Z", "ms": 258469565700.82983 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-12T12:17:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-12T12:17:50Z", "ms": 258553069853.55847 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-12T13:05:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-12T13:05:50Z", "ms": 258555949853.55847 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:49 on Sat 11 Mar to 00:13 on Mon 13 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-11T23:49:15Z → 1978-03-13T00:13:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:18–13:06 on the 11th, 12:18–13:06 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38589 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 12 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Sunday 12 March. Caturthī runs from 23:49 on Sat 11 Mar to 00:13 on Mon 13 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-03-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-03-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-19T12:17:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-19T12:17:29Z", "ms": 259157849166.2697 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-20T14:11:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-20T14:11:20Z", "ms": 259251079769.32217 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-19T12:17:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-19T12:17:29Z", "ms": 259157849166.2697 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-20T14:11:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-20T14:11:20Z", "ms": 259251079769.32217 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-19T06:37:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-19T06:37:15Z", "ms": 259137434602.55817 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-19T06:37:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-19T06:37:15Z", "ms": 259137434602.55817 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-20T06:36:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-20T06:36:36Z", "ms": 259223795671.4059 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-20T06:36:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-20T06:36:36Z", "ms": 259223795671.4059 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:17 on Sun 19 Mar to 14:11 on Mon 20 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-19T12:17:29Z → 1978-03-20T14:11:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:37 on the 19th and 06:37 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Monday 20 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Monday 20 March. Ekādaśī runs from 12:17 on Sun 19 Mar to 14:11 on Mon 20 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-03-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-03-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8270, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-21T15:35:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-21T15:35:11Z", "ms": 259342510839.5215 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-22T16:24:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-22T16:24:47Z", "ms": 259431887404.13104 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-21T15:35:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-21T15:35:11Z", "ms": 259342510839.5215 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-22T16:24:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-22T16:24:47Z", "ms": 259431887404.13104 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-21T18:42:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-21T18:42:35Z", "ms": 259353754731.14847 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-21T20:17:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-21T20:17:36Z", "ms": 259359456418.37448 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-22T18:42:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-22T18:42:38Z", "ms": 259440157855.79477 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-22T20:17:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-22T20:17:34Z", "ms": 259445853885.99695 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:35 on Tue 21 Mar to 16:25 on Wed 22 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-21T15:35:11Z → 1978-03-22T16:24:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:18 on the 21st, 18:43–20:18 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 95 of 95 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 95 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8270 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Tuesday 21 March. Trayodaśī runs from 15:35 on Tue 21 Mar to 16:25 on Wed 22 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-03-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-23", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 180, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-03-23T16:39:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T16:39:11Z", "ms": 259519151203.04565 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-24T16:19:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z", "ms": 259604398656.81165 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-23T16:39:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T16:39:11Z", "ms": 259519151203.04565 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-24T16:19:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z", "ms": 259604398656.81165 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-23T16:17:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T16:17:04Z", "ms": 259517824318.7409 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-23T18:42:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T18:42:41Z", "ms": 259526560877.84833 } }, "covered_min": 123, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-24T16:16:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:16:59Z", "ms": 259604218796.09177 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-24T18:42:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T18:42:44Z", "ms": 259612963818.1242 } }, "covered_min": 3, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:39 on Thu 23 Mar to 16:20 on Fri 24 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-23T16:39:11Z → 1978-03-24T16:19:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:17–18:43 on the 23rd, 16:17–18:43 on the 24th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 123 of 146 minutes on the 23rd and 3 of 146 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both late afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 180 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-23", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-23", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Holikā Dahana 1978 falls on Thursday 23 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:39 on Thu 23 Mar to 16:20 on Fri 24 Mar and covers 123 of 146 minutes of sāyāhna that late afternoon. It also reaches the next late afternoon for 3 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 3 min 00 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 180, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-03-23T16:39:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T16:39:11Z", "ms": 259519151203.04565 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-24T16:19:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z", "ms": 259604398656.81165 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-23T16:39:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T16:39:11Z", "ms": 259519151203.04565 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-24T16:19:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z", "ms": 259604398656.81165 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-23T16:17:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T16:17:04Z", "ms": 259517824318.7409 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-23T18:42:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-23T18:42:41Z", "ms": 259526560877.84833 } }, "covered_min": 123, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-24T16:16:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:16:59Z", "ms": 259604218796.09177 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-24T18:42:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T18:42:44Z", "ms": 259612963818.1242 } }, "covered_min": 3, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1978-03-23", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:39 on Thu 23 Mar to 16:20 on Fri 24 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-23T16:39:11Z → 1978-03-24T16:19:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:17–18:43 on the 23rd, 16:17–18:43 on the 24th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 123 of 146 minutes on the 23rd and 3 of 146 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both late afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 180 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Thursday 23 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Holī 1978 falls on Friday 24 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Thursday 23 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:39 on Thu 23 Mar to 16:20 on Fri 24 Mar and covers 123 of 146 minutes of sāyāhna on the 23rd. It also reaches the next late afternoon for 3 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 3 min 00 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32233, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-03-24T16:19:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z", "ms": 259604398656.81165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-25T15:30:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-25T15:30:32Z", "ms": 259687832436.48813 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-24T16:19:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z", "ms": 259604398656.81165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-25T15:30:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-25T15:30:32Z", "ms": 259687832436.48813 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-24T06:33:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T06:33:59Z", "ms": 259569238707.96204 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-24T06:33:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-24T06:33:59Z", "ms": 259569238707.96204 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-25T06:33:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-25T06:33:19Z", "ms": 259655599289.30118 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-25T06:33:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-25T06:33:19Z", "ms": 259655599289.30118 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:20 on Fri 24 Mar to 15:31 on Sat 25 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-24T16:19:59Z → 1978-03-25T15:30:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:34 on the 24th and 06:33 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32233 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vasantotsava 1978 falls on Saturday 25 March. Pratipadā runs from 16:20 on Fri 24 Mar to 15:31 on Sat 25 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-03-27", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31936, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-27T12:39:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-27T12:39:05Z", "ms": 259850344665.44083 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-28T10:46:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-28T10:46:48Z", "ms": 259930007780.28647 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-27T12:39:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-27T12:39:05Z", "ms": 259850344665.44083 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-28T10:46:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-28T10:46:48Z", "ms": 259930007780.28647 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-27T21:31:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-27T21:31:21Z", "ms": 259882280775.07407 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-27T21:31:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-27T21:31:21Z", "ms": 259882280775.07407 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-28T22:29:23+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-28T22:29:23Z", "ms": 259972162538.35635 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-28T22:29:23+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-28T22:29:23Z", "ms": 259972162538.35635 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:39 on Mon 27 Mar to 10:47 on Tue 28 Mar.", "fact": "1978-03-27T12:39:05Z → 1978-03-28T10:46:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:31 on the 27th and 22:29 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31936 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Monday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Monday 27 March. Caturthī runs from 12:39 on Mon 27 Mar to 10:47 on Tue 28 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-03-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28453, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-03-31T04:18:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-31T04:18:00Z", "ms": 260165880431.61163 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-01T02:03:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-01T02:03:59Z", "ms": 260244239328.4559 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-03-31T04:18:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-31T04:18:00Z", "ms": 260165880431.61163 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-01T02:03:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-01T02:03:59Z", "ms": 260244239328.4559 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-03-31T12:12:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-31T12:12:14Z", "ms": 260194333618.8834 }, "end": { "local": "1978-03-31T13:00:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-03-31T13:00:14Z", "ms": 260197213618.8834 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-01T12:11:56+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-01T12:11:56Z", "ms": 260280715641.1418 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-01T12:59:56+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-01T12:59:56Z", "ms": 260283595641.1418 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 04:18 on Fri 31 Mar to 02:04 on Sat 1 Apr.", "fact": "1978-03-31T04:18:00Z → 1978-04-01T02:03:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 31st, 12:12–13:00 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28453 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śītalāṣṭamī 1978 falls on Friday 31 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 04:18 on Fri 31 Mar to 02:04 on Sat 1 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-04-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31075, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-02T21:49:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-02T21:49:32Z", "ms": 260401772415.9956 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-03T19:55:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-03T19:55:39Z", "ms": 260481339169.90897 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-02T21:49:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-02T21:49:32Z", "ms": 260401772415.9956 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-03T19:55:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-03T19:55:39Z", "ms": 260481339169.90897 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-03T06:27:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-03T06:27:27Z", "ms": 260432846928.27298 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-03T06:27:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-03T06:27:27Z", "ms": 260432846928.27298 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-04T06:26:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-04T06:26:48Z", "ms": 260519208496.90845 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-04T06:26:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-04T06:26:48Z", "ms": 260519208496.90845 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:50 on Sun 2 Apr to 19:56 on Mon 3 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-02T21:49:32Z → 1978-04-03T19:55:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:27 on the 3rd and 06:27 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31075 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Monday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Monday 3 April. Ekādaśī runs from 21:50 on Sun 2 Apr to 19:56 on Mon 3 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-04-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-04-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1677, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-04T18:15:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-04T18:15:20Z", "ms": 260561719573.92673 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-05T16:52:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T16:52:25Z", "ms": 260643144625.09888 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-04T18:15:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-04T18:15:20Z", "ms": 260561719573.92673 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-05T16:52:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T16:52:25Z", "ms": 260643144625.09888 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-04T18:43:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-04T18:43:17Z", "ms": 260563396568.2054 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-04T20:17:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-04T20:17:00Z", "ms": 260569019730.97595 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-05T18:43:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T18:43:20Z", "ms": 260649800030.00992 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-05T20:16:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T20:16:58Z", "ms": 260655417669.1084 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:15 on Tue 4 Apr to 16:52 on Wed 5 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-04T18:15:20Z → 1978-04-05T16:52:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:17 on the 4th, 18:43–20:17 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 94 of 94 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 94 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1677 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 4 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Tuesday 4 April. Trayodaśī runs from 18:15 on Tue 4 Apr to 16:52 on Wed 5 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-04-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-04-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26282, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-05T16:52:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T16:52:25Z", "ms": 260643144625.09888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-06T15:50:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-06T15:50:59Z", "ms": 260725858979.33188 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-05T16:52:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-05T16:52:25Z", "ms": 260643144625.09888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-06T15:50:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-06T15:50:59Z", "ms": 260725858979.33188 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-06T00:10:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-06T00:10:26Z", "ms": 260669426176.62918 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-06T00:58:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-06T00:58:26Z", "ms": 260672306176.62918 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-07T00:10:09+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-07T00:10:09Z", "ms": 260755809123.7519 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-07T00:58:09+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-07T00:58:09Z", "ms": 260758689123.7519 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:52 on Wed 5 Apr to 15:51 on Thu 6 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-05T16:52:25Z → 1978-04-06T15:50:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:10–00:58 on the 5th, 00:10–00:58 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26282 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Wednesday 5 April. Caturdaśī runs from 16:52 on Wed 5 Apr to 15:51 on Thu 6 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-04-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7843, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-04-07T15:15:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-07T15:15:08Z", "ms": 260810108446.95917 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-08T15:08:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-08T15:08:37Z", "ms": 260896116953.92432 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-07T15:15:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-07T15:15:08Z", "ms": 260810108446.95917 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-08T15:08:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-08T15:08:37Z", "ms": 260896116953.92432 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-07T12:10:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-07T12:10:11Z", "ms": 260799010997.43683 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-07T12:58:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-07T12:58:11Z", "ms": 260801890997.43683 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-08T12:09:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-08T12:09:54Z", "ms": 260885394236.36932 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-08T12:57:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-08T12:57:54Z", "ms": 260888274236.36932 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 15:15 on Fri 7 Apr to 15:09 on Sat 8 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-07T15:15:08Z → 1978-04-08T15:08:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 7th, 12:10–12:58 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7843 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Bamako, 1978: Saturday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1978 falls on Saturday 8 April. Pratipadā runs from 15:15 on Fri 7 Apr to 15:09 on Sat 8 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9394, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-04-09T15:34:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T15:34:12Z", "ms": 260984052166.33643 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-10T16:33:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z", "ms": 261073981124.47678 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-09T15:34:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T15:34:12Z", "ms": 260984052166.33643 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-10T16:33:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z", "ms": 261073981124.47678 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-09T12:09:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T12:09:38Z", "ms": 260971777706.98303 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-09T12:57:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T12:57:38Z", "ms": 260974657706.98303 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-10T12:09:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T12:09:21Z", "ms": 261058161423.1468 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-10T12:57:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T12:57:21Z", "ms": 261061041423.1468 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:34 on Sun 9 Apr to 16:33 on Mon 10 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-09T15:34:12Z → 1978-04-10T16:33:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 9th, 12:09–12:57 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9394 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1978: Monday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1978 falls on Monday 10 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:34 on Sun 9 Apr to 16:33 on Mon 10 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9394, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-04-09T15:34:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T15:34:12Z", "ms": 260984052166.33643 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-10T16:33:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z", "ms": 261073981124.47678 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-09T15:34:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T15:34:12Z", "ms": 260984052166.33643 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-10T16:33:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z", "ms": 261073981124.47678 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-09T12:09:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T12:09:38Z", "ms": 260971777706.98303 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-09T12:57:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-09T12:57:38Z", "ms": 260974657706.98303 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-10T12:09:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T12:09:21Z", "ms": 261058161423.1468 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-10T12:57:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T12:57:21Z", "ms": 261061041423.1468 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:34 on Sun 9 Apr to 16:33 on Mon 10 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-09T15:34:12Z → 1978-04-10T16:33:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 9th, 12:09–12:57 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9394 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Monday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 10 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:34 on Sun 9 Apr to 16:33 on Mon 10 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-04-11", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12940, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-10T16:33:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z", "ms": 261073981124.47678 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-11T18:03:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T18:03:41Z", "ms": 261165821342.38876 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-10T16:33:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z", "ms": 261073981124.47678 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-11T18:03:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T18:03:41Z", "ms": 261165821342.38876 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-10T12:09:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T12:09:21Z", "ms": 261058161423.1468 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-10T12:57:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-10T12:57:21Z", "ms": 261061041423.1468 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-11T12:09:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T12:09:05Z", "ms": 261144545398.93088 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-11T12:57:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T12:57:05Z", "ms": 261147425398.93088 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:33 on Mon 10 Apr to 18:04 on Tue 11 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-10T16:33:01Z → 1978-04-11T18:03:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 10th, 12:09–12:57 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12940 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 11 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Tuesday 11 April. Caturthī runs from 16:33 on Mon 10 Apr to 18:04 on Tue 11 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-04-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18396, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-11T18:03:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T18:03:41Z", "ms": 261165821342.38876 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-12T20:01:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-12T20:01:39Z", "ms": 261259298752.51108 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-11T18:03:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T18:03:41Z", "ms": 261165821342.38876 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-12T20:01:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-12T20:01:39Z", "ms": 261259298752.51108 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-11T12:09:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T12:09:05Z", "ms": 261144545398.93088 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-11T12:57:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-11T12:57:05Z", "ms": 261147425398.93088 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-12T12:08:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-12T12:08:50Z", "ms": 261230929648.6409 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-12T12:56:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-12T12:56:50Z", "ms": 261233809648.6409 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:04 on Tue 11 Apr to 20:02 on Wed 12 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-11T18:03:41Z → 1978-04-12T20:01:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 11th, 12:09–12:57 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18396 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1978 falls on Wednesday 12 April. Pañcamī runs from 18:04 on Tue 11 Apr to 20:02 on Wed 12 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35031, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1978-04-13T20:36:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-13T20:36:48Z", "ms": 261347808165.14066 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-14T17:31:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-14T17:31:14Z", "ms": 264015074108.0624 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1978-04-13T20:36:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-13T20:36:48Z", "ms": 261347808165.14066 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-13T20:36:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-13T20:36:48Z", "ms": 261347808165.14066 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-13T06:21:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-13T06:21:15Z", "ms": 261296474864.8229 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-14T06:20:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-14T06:20:39Z", "ms": 261382839491.78772 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-14T06:20:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-14T06:20:39Z", "ms": 261382839491.78772 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-15T06:20:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-15T06:20:05Z", "ms": 261469204527.53702 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 20:37 on Thu 13 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-13T20:36:48Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:21 on the 13th, and from 06:21 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 35031 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1978-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1978-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vaiśākhī 1978 falls on Thursday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 20:37 on Thu 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. By the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32622, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-15T00:44:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-15T00:44:02Z", "ms": 261449041718.08057 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-16T03:04:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T03:04:08Z", "ms": 261543847576.10995 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-15T00:44:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-15T00:44:02Z", "ms": 261449041718.08057 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-16T03:04:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T03:04:08Z", "ms": 261543847576.10995 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-15T12:08:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-15T12:08:04Z", "ms": 261490084187.4937 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-15T12:56:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-15T12:56:04Z", "ms": 261492964187.4937 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-16T12:07:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T12:07:50Z", "ms": 261576469679.86328 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-16T12:55:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T12:55:50Z", "ms": 261579349679.86328 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:44 on Sat 15 Apr to 03:04 on Sun 16 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-15T00:44:02Z → 1978-04-16T03:04:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 15th, 12:08–12:56 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32622 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bhavānī Utpatti 1978 falls on Saturday 15 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:44 on Sat 15 Apr to 03:04 on Sun 16 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25306, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-16T03:04:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T03:04:08Z", "ms": 261543847576.10995 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-17T05:05:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-17T05:05:49Z", "ms": 261637549242.33087 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-16T03:04:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T03:04:08Z", "ms": 261543847576.10995 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-17T05:05:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-17T05:05:49Z", "ms": 261637549242.33087 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-16T12:07:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T12:07:50Z", "ms": 261576469679.86328 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-16T12:55:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-16T12:55:50Z", "ms": 261579349679.86328 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-17T12:07:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-17T12:07:36Z", "ms": 261662855520.35974 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-17T12:55:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-17T12:55:36Z", "ms": 261665735520.35974 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 03:04 on Sun 16 Apr to 05:06 on Mon 17 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-16T03:04:08Z → 1978-04-17T05:05:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 16th, 12:08–12:56 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25306 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rāma Navamī 1978 falls on Sunday 16 April. Navamī runs from 03:04 on Sun 16 Apr to 05:06 on Mon 17 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-04-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1152, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-18T06:37:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-18T06:37:34Z", "ms": 261729454457.66986 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-19T07:31:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-19T07:31:06Z", "ms": 261819065533.03894 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-18T06:37:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-18T06:37:34Z", "ms": 261729454457.66986 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-19T07:31:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-19T07:31:06Z", "ms": 261819065533.03894 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-18T06:18:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-18T06:18:22Z", "ms": 261728302284.43506 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-18T06:18:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-18T06:18:22Z", "ms": 261728302284.43506 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-19T06:17:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-19T06:17:49Z", "ms": 261814669153.31143 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-19T06:17:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-19T06:17:49Z", "ms": 261814669153.31143 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:38 on Tue 18 Apr to 07:31 on Wed 19 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-18T06:37:34Z → 1978-04-19T07:31:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:18 on the 18th and 06:18 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1152 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 19 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Wednesday 19 April. Ekādaśī runs from 06:38 on Tue 18 Apr to 07:31 on Wed 19 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-04-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15893, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-20T07:42:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T07:42:02Z", "ms": 261906122419.6894 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T07:09:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z", "ms": 261990599459.31888 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-20T07:42:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T07:42:02Z", "ms": 261906122419.6894 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T07:09:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z", "ms": 261990599459.31888 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-20T12:06:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T12:06:55Z", "ms": 261922015284.6548 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-20T12:54:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T12:54:55Z", "ms": 261924895284.6548 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-21T12:06:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T12:06:43Z", "ms": 262008402673.10355 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T12:54:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T12:54:43Z", "ms": 262011282673.10355 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:42 on Thu 20 Apr to 07:10 on Fri 21 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-20T07:42:02Z → 1978-04-21T07:09:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 20th, 12:07–12:55 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15893 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 20 April. Trayodaśī runs from 07:42 on Thu 20 Apr to 07:10 on Fri 21 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-04-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39188, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-20T07:42:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T07:42:02Z", "ms": 261906122419.6894 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T07:09:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z", "ms": 261990599459.31888 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-20T07:42:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T07:42:02Z", "ms": 261906122419.6894 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T07:09:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z", "ms": 261990599459.31888 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-19T18:44:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-19T18:44:27Z", "ms": 261859467460.87552 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-19T20:16:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-19T20:16:50Z", "ms": 261865010003.58075 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-20T18:44:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T18:44:34Z", "ms": 261945874038.14474 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-20T20:16:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-20T20:16:51Z", "ms": 261951411424.914 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:42 on Thu 20 Apr to 07:10 on Fri 21 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-20T07:42:02Z → 1978-04-21T07:09:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:17 on the 19th, 18:45–20:17 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 19th and 92 of 92 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 39188 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Thursday 20 April. Trayodaśī runs from 07:42 on Thu 20 Apr to 07:10 on Fri 21 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-04-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17803, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-21T07:09:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z", "ms": 261990599459.31888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-22T05:57:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T05:57:50Z", "ms": 262072669999.65695 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-21T07:09:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z", "ms": 261990599459.31888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-22T05:57:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T05:57:50Z", "ms": 262072669999.65695 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-21T12:06:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T12:06:43Z", "ms": 262008402673.10355 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-21T12:54:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-21T12:54:43Z", "ms": 262011282673.10355 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-22T12:06:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T12:06:30Z", "ms": 262094790488.91287 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-22T12:54:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T12:54:30Z", "ms": 262097670488.91287 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 07:10 on Fri 21 Apr to 05:58 on Sat 22 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-21T07:09:59Z → 1978-04-22T05:57:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 21st, 12:07–12:55 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17803 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1978 falls on Friday 21 April. Caturdaśī runs from 07:10 on Fri 21 Apr to 05:58 on Sat 22 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22120, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-04-22T05:57:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T05:57:50Z", "ms": 262072669999.65695 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-23T04:10:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-23T04:10:57Z", "ms": 262152656629.43237 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-22T05:57:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T05:57:50Z", "ms": 262072669999.65695 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-23T04:10:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-23T04:10:57Z", "ms": 262152656629.43237 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-22T12:06:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T12:06:30Z", "ms": 262094790488.91287 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-22T12:54:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-22T12:54:30Z", "ms": 262097670488.91287 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-23T12:06:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-23T12:06:19Z", "ms": 262181178748.74695 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-23T12:54:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-23T12:54:19Z", "ms": 262184058748.74695 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 05:58 on Sat 22 Apr to 04:11 on Sun 23 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-22T05:57:50Z → 1978-04-23T04:10:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 22nd, 12:06–12:54 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22120 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1978 falls on Saturday 22 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 05:58 on Sat 22 Apr to 04:11 on Sun 23 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-04-25", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-04-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2608, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-04-25T20:35:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-25T20:35:58Z", "ms": 262384558250.4269 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-26T17:46:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-26T17:46:25Z", "ms": 262460784526.17896 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-04-25T20:35:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-25T20:35:58Z", "ms": 262384558250.4269 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-26T17:46:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-26T17:46:25Z", "ms": 262460784526.17896 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-25T21:19:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-25T21:19:26Z", "ms": 262387165977.87842 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-25T21:19:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-25T21:19:26Z", "ms": 262387165977.87842 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-04-26T22:19:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-26T22:19:38Z", "ms": 262477177838.3247 }, "end": { "local": "1978-04-26T22:19:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-04-26T22:19:38Z", "ms": 262477177838.3247 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:36 on Tue 25 Apr to 17:46 on Wed 26 Apr.", "fact": "1978-04-25T20:35:58Z → 1978-04-26T17:46:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:19 on the 25th and 22:20 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2608 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 25 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Tuesday 25 April. Caturthī runs from 20:36 on Tue 25 Apr to 17:46 on Wed 26 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-04-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-05-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3739, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-02T05:09:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-02T05:09:13Z", "ms": 262933753203.3101 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-03T04:16:56+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-03T04:16:56Z", "ms": 263017016167.50717 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-02T05:09:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-02T05:09:13Z", "ms": 262933753203.3101 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-03T04:16:56+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-03T04:16:56Z", "ms": 263017016167.50717 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-02T06:11:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-02T06:11:32Z", "ms": 262937492350.94122 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-02T06:11:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-02T06:11:32Z", "ms": 262937492350.94122 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-03T06:11:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-03T06:11:08Z", "ms": 263023868172.42105 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-03T06:11:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-03T06:11:08Z", "ms": 263023868172.42105 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:09 on Tue 2 May to 04:17 on Wed 3 May.", "fact": "1978-05-02T05:09:13Z → 1978-05-03T04:16:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:12 on the 2nd and 06:11 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3739 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Tuesday 2 May. Ekādaśī runs from 05:09 on Tue 2 May to 04:17 on Wed 3 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-05-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-05-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26744, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-04T03:48:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-04T03:48:22Z", "ms": 263101701922.25687 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-05T03:43:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T03:43:35Z", "ms": 263187814696.69888 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-04T03:48:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-04T03:48:22Z", "ms": 263101701922.25687 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-05T03:43:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T03:43:35Z", "ms": 263187814696.69888 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-03T18:46:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-03T18:46:30Z", "ms": 263069189757.33273 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-03T20:17:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-03T20:17:44Z", "ms": 263074663756.5919 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-04T18:46:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-04T18:46:41Z", "ms": 263155601191.86478 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-04T20:17:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-04T20:17:51Z", "ms": 263161070646.00128 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:48 on Thu 4 May to 03:44 on Fri 5 May.", "fact": "1978-05-04T03:48:22Z → 1978-05-05T03:43:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:46–20:18 on the 3rd, 18:47–20:18 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 91 minutes on the 3rd and 91 of 91 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26744 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 4 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Thursday 4 May. Trayodaśī runs from 03:48 on Thu 4 May to 03:44 on Fri 5 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-05-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-05-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10263, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-05T03:43:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T03:43:35Z", "ms": 263187814696.69888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-06T04:02:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-06T04:02:52Z", "ms": 263275371699.20697 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-05T03:43:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T03:43:35Z", "ms": 263187814696.69888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-06T04:02:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-06T04:02:52Z", "ms": 263275371699.20697 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-05T00:04:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T00:04:32Z", "ms": 263174671644.87665 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-05T00:52:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-05T00:52:32Z", "ms": 263177551644.87665 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-06T00:04:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-06T00:04:27Z", "ms": 263261066602.74847 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-06T00:52:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-06T00:52:27Z", "ms": 263263946602.74847 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 03:44 on Fri 5 May to 04:03 on Sat 6 May.", "fact": "1978-05-05T03:43:35Z → 1978-05-06T04:02:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:05–00:53 on the 4th, 00:04–00:52 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10263 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Friday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Friday 5 May. Caturdaśī runs from 03:44 on Fri 5 May to 04:03 on Sat 6 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-05-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33816, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-05-09T07:28:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T07:28:38Z", "ms": 263546918130.6993 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T09:24:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z", "ms": 263640260698.20184 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-09T07:28:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T07:28:38Z", "ms": 263546918130.6993 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T09:24:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z", "ms": 263640260698.20184 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-09T18:47:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T18:47:44Z", "ms": 263587663640.68765 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-09T20:18:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T20:18:31Z", "ms": 263593111233.04248 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-10T18:47:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T18:47:57Z", "ms": 263674077134.039 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T20:18:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T20:18:41Z", "ms": 263679520539.45297 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:29 on Tue 9 May to 09:24 on Wed 10 May.", "fact": "1978-05-09T07:28:38Z → 1978-05-10T09:24:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:48–20:19 on the 9th, 18:48–20:19 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 91 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33816 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 9 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1978 falls on Tuesday 9 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:29 on Tue 9 May to 09:24 on Wed 10 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3445, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-05-09T07:28:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T07:28:38Z", "ms": 263546918130.6993 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T09:24:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z", "ms": 263640260698.20184 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-09T07:28:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T07:28:38Z", "ms": 263546918130.6993 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T09:24:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z", "ms": 263640260698.20184 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-09T06:08:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T06:08:59Z", "ms": 263542139297.70215 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-09T10:21:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-09T10:21:54Z", "ms": 263557314078.69733 } }, "covered_min": 173, "window_min": 253, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-10T06:08:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T06:08:41Z", "ms": 263628520583.34875 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T10:21:46+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T10:21:46Z", "ms": 263643706100.2455 } }, "covered_min": 196, "window_min": 253, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:29 on Tue 9 May to 09:24 on Wed 10 May.", "fact": "1978-05-09T07:28:38Z → 1978-05-10T09:24:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:09–10:22 on the 9th, 06:09–10:22 on the 10th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 173 of 253 minutes on the 9th and 196 of 253 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both forenoons qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 3445 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 10 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1978 falls on Wednesday 10 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:29 on Tue 9 May to 09:24 on Wed 10 May and covers 196 of 253 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon. It also reaches the previous forenoon for 173 minutes; by the rule the second forenoon is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-05-10", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1567, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-10T09:24:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z", "ms": 263640260698.20184 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-11T11:38:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T11:38:10Z", "ms": 263734690299.98676 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-10T09:24:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z", "ms": 263640260698.20184 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-11T11:38:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T11:38:10Z", "ms": 263734690299.98676 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-10T12:04:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T12:04:19Z", "ms": 263649858858.69388 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-10T12:52:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-10T12:52:19Z", "ms": 263652738858.69388 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-11T12:04:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T12:04:17Z", "ms": 263736256808.38992 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-11T12:52:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T12:52:17Z", "ms": 263739136808.38992 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:24 on Wed 10 May to 11:38 on Thu 11 May.", "fact": "1978-05-10T09:24:21Z → 1978-05-11T11:38:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 10th, 12:04–12:52 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1567 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 10 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-10", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Wednesday 10 May. Caturthī runs from 09:24 on Wed 10 May to 11:38 on Thu 11 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-05-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-11", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1567, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-11T11:38:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T11:38:10Z", "ms": 263734690299.98676 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-12T14:02:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-12T14:02:47Z", "ms": 263829766938.5325 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-11T11:38:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T11:38:10Z", "ms": 263734690299.98676 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-12T14:02:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-12T14:02:47Z", "ms": 263829766938.5325 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-11T12:04:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T12:04:17Z", "ms": 263736256808.38992 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-11T12:52:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-11T12:52:17Z", "ms": 263739136808.38992 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-12T12:04:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-12T12:04:15Z", "ms": 263822655316.2162 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-12T12:52:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-12T12:52:15Z", "ms": 263825535316.2162 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 11:38 on Thu 11 May to 14:03 on Fri 12 May.", "fact": "1978-05-11T11:38:10Z → 1978-05-12T14:02:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 11th, 12:04–12:52 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1567 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 11 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-11", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1978 falls on Thursday 11 May. Pañcamī runs from 11:38 on Thu 11 May to 14:03 on Fri 12 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12941, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-13T16:27:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-13T16:27:55Z", "ms": 263924875408.51767 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-14T18:41:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-14T18:41:15Z", "ms": 264019275440.61652 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-13T16:27:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-13T16:27:55Z", "ms": 263924875408.51767 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-14T18:41:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-14T18:41:15Z", "ms": 264019275440.61652 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-13T12:04:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-13T12:04:14Z", "ms": 263909054379.78925 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-13T12:52:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-13T12:52:14Z", "ms": 263911934379.78925 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-14T12:04:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-14T12:04:14Z", "ms": 263995453996.41495 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-14T12:52:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-14T12:52:14Z", "ms": 263998333996.41495 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 16:28 on Sat 13 May to 18:41 on Sun 14 May.", "fact": "1978-05-13T16:27:55Z → 1978-05-14T18:41:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 13th, 12:04–12:52 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12941 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1978 falls on Sunday 14 May. Saptamī runs from 16:28 on Sat 13 May to 18:41 on Sun 14 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-05-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28550, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-17T22:10:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-17T22:10:50Z", "ms": 264291050208.37555 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-18T21:50:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z", "ms": 264376233970.2329 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-17T22:10:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-17T22:10:50Z", "ms": 264291050208.37555 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-18T21:50:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z", "ms": 264376233970.2329 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-18T06:06:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T06:06:40Z", "ms": 264319600269.30792 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-18T06:06:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T06:06:40Z", "ms": 264319600269.30792 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T06:06:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T06:06:29Z", "ms": 264405988968.42007 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T06:06:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T06:06:29Z", "ms": 264405988968.42007 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:11 on Wed 17 May to 21:51 on Thu 18 May.", "fact": "1978-05-17T22:10:50Z → 1978-05-18T21:50:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:07 on the 18th and 06:06 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28550 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 18 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 18 May. Ekādaśī runs from 22:11 on Wed 17 May to 21:51 on Thu 18 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-05-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28170, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-18T21:50:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z", "ms": 264376233970.2329 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T20:41:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z", "ms": 264458509901.05048 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-18T21:50:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z", "ms": 264376233970.2329 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T20:41:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z", "ms": 264458509901.05048 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-18T12:04:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T12:04:18Z", "ms": 264341057930.57758 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-18T12:52:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T12:52:18Z", "ms": 264343937930.57758 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T12:04:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T12:04:20Z", "ms": 264427460264.19144 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T12:52:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T12:52:20Z", "ms": 264430340264.19144 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 21:51 on Thu 18 May to 20:42 on Fri 19 May.", "fact": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z → 1978-05-19T20:41:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 18th, 12:04–12:52 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28170 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1978 falls on Friday 19 May. Dvādaśī runs from 21:51 on Thu 18 May to 20:42 on Fri 19 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28170, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-18T21:50:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z", "ms": 264376233970.2329 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T20:41:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z", "ms": 264458509901.05048 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-18T21:50:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z", "ms": 264376233970.2329 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T20:41:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z", "ms": 264458509901.05048 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-18T12:04:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T12:04:18Z", "ms": 264341057930.57758 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-18T12:52:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-18T12:52:18Z", "ms": 264343937930.57758 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T12:04:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T12:04:20Z", "ms": 264427460264.19144 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T12:52:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T12:52:20Z", "ms": 264430340264.19144 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 21:51 on Thu 18 May to 20:42 on Fri 19 May.", "fact": "1978-05-18T21:50:34Z → 1978-05-19T20:41:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 18th, 12:04–12:52 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28170 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1978 falls on Friday 19 May. Dvādaśī runs from 21:51 on Thu 18 May to 20:42 on Fri 19 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-05-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 120, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T20:41:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z", "ms": 264458509901.05048 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-20T18:48:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T18:48:28Z", "ms": 264538107579.89896 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T20:41:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z", "ms": 264458509901.05048 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-20T18:48:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T18:48:28Z", "ms": 264538107579.89896 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-19T18:50:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T18:50:12Z", "ms": 264451811559.9628 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-19T20:20:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-19T20:20:20Z", "ms": 264457220486.74454 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-20T18:50:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T18:50:28Z", "ms": 264538227751.70856 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-20T20:20:33+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T20:20:33Z", "ms": 264543633238.1835 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:42 on Fri 19 May to 18:48 on Sat 20 May.", "fact": "1978-05-19T20:41:50Z → 1978-05-20T18:48:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:50–20:20 on the 19th, 18:50–20:21 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 90 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 90 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 120 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Friday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-20", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Friday 19 May. Trayodaśī runs from 20:42 on Fri 19 May to 18:48 on Sat 20 May, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day. It is 2 min 00 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-05-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-20", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 120, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-20T18:48:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T18:48:28Z", "ms": 264538107579.89896 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-21T16:17:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z", "ms": 264615430473.84888 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-20T18:48:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T18:48:28Z", "ms": 264538107579.89896 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-21T16:17:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z", "ms": 264615430473.84888 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-20T18:50:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T18:50:28Z", "ms": 264538227751.70856 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-20T20:20:33+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-20T20:20:33Z", "ms": 264543633238.1835 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-21T18:50:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T18:50:44Z", "ms": 264624644157.34448 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-21T20:20:46+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T20:20:46Z", "ms": 264630046288.43228 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:48 on Sat 20 May to 16:17 on Sun 21 May.", "fact": "1978-05-20T18:48:28Z → 1978-05-21T16:17:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:50–20:21 on the 20th, 18:51–20:21 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 90 of 90 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 90 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 120 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-20", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-20", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1978 falls on Saturday 20 May. Caturdaśī runs from 18:48 on Sat 20 May to 16:17 on Sun 21 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It is 2 min 00 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1450, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-05-21T16:17:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z", "ms": 264615430473.84888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T13:16:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T13:16:41Z", "ms": 264691000890.1144 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-21T16:17:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z", "ms": 264615430473.84888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T13:16:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T13:16:41Z", "ms": 264691000890.1144 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-21T12:04:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T12:04:27Z", "ms": 264600266528.80756 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-21T12:52:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T12:52:27Z", "ms": 264603146528.80756 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-22T12:04:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T12:04:30Z", "ms": 264686670453.87064 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T12:52:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T12:52:30Z", "ms": 264689550453.87064 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:17 on Sun 21 May to 13:17 on Mon 22 May.", "fact": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z → 1978-05-22T13:16:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 21st, 12:05–12:53 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1450 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1978: Monday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1978 falls on Monday 22 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:17 on Sun 21 May to 13:17 on Mon 22 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1450, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-05-21T16:17:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z", "ms": 264615430473.84888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T13:16:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T13:16:41Z", "ms": 264691000890.1144 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-21T16:17:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z", "ms": 264615430473.84888 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T13:16:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T13:16:41Z", "ms": 264691000890.1144 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-21T12:04:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T12:04:27Z", "ms": 264600266528.80756 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-21T12:52:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-21T12:52:27Z", "ms": 264603146528.80756 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-22T12:04:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T12:04:30Z", "ms": 264686670453.87064 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-22T12:52:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-22T12:52:30Z", "ms": 264689550453.87064 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:17 on Sun 21 May to 13:17 on Mon 22 May.", "fact": "1978-05-21T16:17:10Z → 1978-05-22T13:16:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 21st, 12:05–12:53 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1450 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Monday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 22 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:17 on Sun 21 May to 13:17 on Mon 22 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-05-25", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-05-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5837, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-25T03:00:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-25T03:00:24Z", "ms": 264913224028.64883 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-25T23:43:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-25T23:43:42Z", "ms": 264987822463.2331 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-25T03:00:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-25T03:00:24Z", "ms": 264913224028.64883 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-25T23:43:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-25T23:43:42Z", "ms": 264987822463.2331 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-24T21:07:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-24T21:07:15Z", "ms": 264892034619.17972 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-24T21:07:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-24T21:07:15Z", "ms": 264892034619.17972 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-25T22:06:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-25T22:06:25Z", "ms": 264981985434.13922 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-25T22:06:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-25T22:06:25Z", "ms": 264981985434.13922 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:00 on Thu 25 May to 23:44 on Thu 25 May.", "fact": "1978-05-25T03:00:24Z → 1978-05-25T23:43:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:07 on the 24th and 22:06 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5837 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 25 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Thursday 25 May. Caturthī runs from 03:00 on Thu 25 May to 23:44 on Thu 25 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-05-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-06-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27692, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-05-31T13:46:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-31T13:46:52Z", "ms": 265470411663.559 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-01T14:01:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-01T14:01:35Z", "ms": 265557695497.65396 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-05-31T13:46:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-31T13:46:52Z", "ms": 265470411663.559 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-01T14:01:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-01T14:01:35Z", "ms": 265557695497.65396 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-05-31T06:05:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-31T06:05:20Z", "ms": 265442719828.3676 }, "end": { "local": "1978-05-31T06:05:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-05-31T06:05:20Z", "ms": 265442719828.3676 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-01T06:05:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-01T06:05:20Z", "ms": 265529119569.61578 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-01T06:05:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-01T06:05:20Z", "ms": 265529119569.61578 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:47 on Wed 31 May to 14:02 on Thu 1 Jun.", "fact": "1978-05-31T13:46:52Z → 1978-06-01T14:01:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:05 on the 31st and 06:05 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27692 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 1 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aparā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 1 June. Ekādaśī runs from 13:47 on Wed 31 May to 14:02 on Thu 1 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-06-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-06-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11113, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-02T14:43:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-02T14:43:32Z", "ms": 265646612090.83835 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-03T15:49:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T15:49:18Z", "ms": 265736958383.36862 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-02T14:43:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-02T14:43:32Z", "ms": 265646612090.83835 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-03T15:49:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T15:49:18Z", "ms": 265736958383.36862 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-02T18:54:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-02T18:54:13Z", "ms": 265661653193.08765 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-02T20:23:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-02T20:23:42Z", "ms": 265667022296.7248 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-03T18:54:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T18:54:31Z", "ms": 265748071083.73935 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-03T20:23:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T20:23:58Z", "ms": 265753438086.06503 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:44 on Fri 2 Jun to 15:49 on Sat 3 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-02T14:43:32Z → 1978-06-03T15:49:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:54–20:24 on the 2nd, 18:55–20:24 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 89 of 89 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 89 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11113 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Friday 2 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Friday 2 June. Trayodaśī runs from 14:44 on Fri 2 Jun to 15:49 on Sat 3 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-06-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-06-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24605, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-03T15:49:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T15:49:18Z", "ms": 265736958383.36862 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-04T17:16:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-04T17:16:03Z", "ms": 265828563078.38254 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-03T15:49:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-03T15:49:18Z", "ms": 265736958383.36862 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-04T17:16:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-04T17:16:03Z", "ms": 265828563078.38254 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-04T00:05:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-04T00:05:57Z", "ms": 265766757342.46063 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-04T00:53:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-04T00:53:57Z", "ms": 265769637342.46063 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-05T00:06:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-05T00:06:08Z", "ms": 265853167717.80927 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-05T00:54:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-05T00:54:08Z", "ms": 265856047717.80927 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:49 on Sat 3 Jun to 17:16 on Sun 4 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-03T15:49:18Z → 1978-06-04T17:16:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:06–00:54 on the 3rd, 00:06–00:54 on the 4th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24605 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Saturday 3 June. Caturdaśī runs from 15:49 on Sat 3 Jun to 17:16 on Sun 4 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-06-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37411, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-06-07T23:18:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-07T23:18:47Z", "ms": 266109526576.4264 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-09T01:43:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T01:43:30Z", "ms": 266204609872.74408 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-07T23:18:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-07T23:18:47Z", "ms": 266109526576.4264 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-09T01:43:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T01:43:30Z", "ms": 266204609872.74408 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-08T12:06:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-08T12:06:50Z", "ms": 266155609525.48206 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-08T12:54:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-08T12:54:50Z", "ms": 266158489525.48206 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-09T12:07:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T12:07:01Z", "ms": 266242021045.997 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-09T12:55:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T12:55:01Z", "ms": 266244901045.997 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 23:19 on Wed 7 Jun to 01:43 on Fri 9 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-07T23:18:47Z → 1978-06-09T01:43:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 8th, 12:07–12:55 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 37411 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 8 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1978 falls on Thursday 8 June. Tṛtīyā runs from 23:19 on Wed 7 Jun to 01:43 on Fri 9 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-06-09", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28579, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-09T01:43:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T01:43:30Z", "ms": 266204609872.74408 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-10T04:10:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-10T04:10:54Z", "ms": 266299853940.50735 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-09T01:43:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T01:43:30Z", "ms": 266204609872.74408 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-10T04:10:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-10T04:10:54Z", "ms": 266299853940.50735 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-09T12:07:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T12:07:01Z", "ms": 266242021045.997 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-09T12:55:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-09T12:55:01Z", "ms": 266244901045.997 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-10T12:07:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-10T12:07:13Z", "ms": 266328432802.20297 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-10T12:55:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-10T12:55:13Z", "ms": 266331312802.20297 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:43 on Fri 9 Jun to 04:11 on Sat 10 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-09T01:43:30Z → 1978-06-10T04:10:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 9th, 12:07–12:55 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28579 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 9 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Friday 9 June. Caturthī runs from 01:43 on Fri 9 Jun to 04:11 on Sat 10 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-06-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12711, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-11T06:31:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T06:31:58Z", "ms": 266394717884.96243 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-12T08:35:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T08:35:45Z", "ms": 266488545437.56735 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-11T06:31:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T06:31:58Z", "ms": 266394717884.96243 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-12T08:35:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T08:35:45Z", "ms": 266488545437.56735 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-11T12:07:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T12:07:25Z", "ms": 266414844770.402 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-11T12:55:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T12:55:25Z", "ms": 266417724770.402 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-12T12:07:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T12:07:37Z", "ms": 266501256926.9023 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-12T12:55:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T12:55:37Z", "ms": 266504136926.9023 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:32 on Sun 11 Jun to 08:36 on Mon 12 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-11T06:31:58Z → 1978-06-12T08:35:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 11th, 12:08–12:56 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12711 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 11 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:32 on Sun 11 Jun to 08:36 on Mon 12 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12711, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-11T06:31:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T06:31:58Z", "ms": 266394717884.96243 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-12T08:35:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T08:35:45Z", "ms": 266488545437.56735 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-11T06:31:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T06:31:58Z", "ms": 266394717884.96243 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-12T08:35:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T08:35:45Z", "ms": 266488545437.56735 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-11T12:07:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T12:07:25Z", "ms": 266414844770.402 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-11T12:55:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-11T12:55:25Z", "ms": 266417724770.402 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-12T12:07:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T12:07:37Z", "ms": 266501256926.9023 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-12T12:55:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-12T12:55:37Z", "ms": 266504136926.9023 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:32 on Sun 11 Jun to 08:36 on Mon 12 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-11T06:31:58Z → 1978-06-12T08:35:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 11th, 12:08–12:56 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12711 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Bamako, 1978: Sunday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1978 falls on Sunday 11 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:32 on Sun 11 Jun to 08:36 on Mon 12 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-06-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10393, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-16T10:32:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-16T10:32:42Z", "ms": 266841162008.35715 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-17T09:00:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T09:00:07Z", "ms": 266922006744.08047 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-16T10:32:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-16T10:32:42Z", "ms": 266841162008.35715 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-17T09:00:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T09:00:07Z", "ms": 266922006744.08047 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-16T06:06:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-16T06:06:44Z", "ms": 266825203541.3911 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-16T06:06:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-16T06:06:44Z", "ms": 266825203541.3911 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-17T06:06:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T06:06:54Z", "ms": 266911614133.3252 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-17T06:06:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T06:06:54Z", "ms": 266911614133.3252 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:33 on Fri 16 Jun to 09:00 on Sat 17 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-16T10:32:42Z → 1978-06-17T09:00:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:07 on the 16th and 06:07 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10393 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 17 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Saturday 17 June. Ekādaśī runs from 10:33 on Fri 16 Jun to 09:00 on Sat 17 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-06-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11313, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-17T09:00:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T09:00:07Z", "ms": 266922006744.08047 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-18T06:41:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T06:41:22Z", "ms": 267000082464.18298 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-17T09:00:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T09:00:07Z", "ms": 266922006744.08047 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-18T06:41:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T06:41:22Z", "ms": 267000082464.18298 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-17T12:08:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T12:08:40Z", "ms": 266933319719.33148 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-17T12:56:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T12:56:40Z", "ms": 266936199719.33148 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-18T12:08:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T12:08:53Z", "ms": 267019732523.86908 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-18T12:56:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T12:56:53Z", "ms": 267022612523.86908 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 09:00 on Sat 17 Jun to 06:41 on Sun 18 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-17T09:00:07Z → 1978-06-18T06:41:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:09–12:57 on the 17th, 12:09–12:57 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11313 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 17 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1978 falls on Saturday 17 June. Dvādaśī runs from 09:00 on Sat 17 Jun to 06:41 on Sun 18 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-06-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26156, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-18T06:41:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T06:41:22Z", "ms": 267000082464.18298 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-19T03:43:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-19T03:43:44Z", "ms": 267075824250.79697 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-18T06:41:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T06:41:22Z", "ms": 267000082464.18298 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-19T03:43:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-19T03:43:44Z", "ms": 267075824250.79697 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-17T18:58:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T18:58:25Z", "ms": 266957905305.3378 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-17T20:27:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-17T20:27:35Z", "ms": 266963254629.368 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-18T18:58:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T18:58:40Z", "ms": 267044319812.1739 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-18T20:27:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-18T20:27:49Z", "ms": 267049668747.7554 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:41 on Sun 18 Jun to 03:44 on Mon 19 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-18T06:41:22Z → 1978-06-19T03:43:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:58–20:28 on the 17th, 18:59–20:28 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 17th and 89 of 89 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26156 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 18 June. Trayodaśī runs from 06:41 on Sun 18 Jun to 03:44 on Mon 19 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-06-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-20", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 134, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-06-20T00:16:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-20T00:16:34Z", "ms": 267149793934.47278 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-20T20:30:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-20T20:30:30Z", "ms": 267222630483.88116 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-20T00:16:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-20T00:16:34Z", "ms": 267149793934.47278 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-20T20:30:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-20T20:30:30Z", "ms": 267222630483.88116 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-19T18:58:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-19T18:58:54Z", "ms": 267130733895.34583 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-19T20:28:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-19T20:28:03Z", "ms": 267136082562.00348 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-20T18:59:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-20T18:59:08Z", "ms": 267217147535.6521 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-20T20:28:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-20T20:28:16Z", "ms": 267222496053.07156 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:17 on Tue 20 Jun to 20:31 on Tue 20 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-20T00:16:34Z → 1978-06-20T20:30:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:59–20:28 on the 19th, 18:59–20:28 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 19th and 89 of 89 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 134 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-20", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1978 falls on Tuesday 20 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:17 on Tue 20 Jun to 20:31 on Tue 20 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It is 2 min 14 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-06-23", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29671, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-23T09:11:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-23T09:11:17Z", "ms": 267441076538.30692 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-24T06:00:09+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-24T06:00:09Z", "ms": 267516009143.21677 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-23T09:11:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-23T09:11:17Z", "ms": 267441076538.30692 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-24T06:00:09+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-24T06:00:09Z", "ms": 267516009143.21677 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-22T20:50:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-22T20:50:02Z", "ms": 267396601679.2538 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-22T20:50:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-22T20:50:02Z", "ms": 267396601679.2538 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-23T21:45:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-23T21:45:38Z", "ms": 267486337792.89783 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-23T21:45:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-23T21:45:38Z", "ms": 267486337792.89783 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:11 on Fri 23 Jun to 06:00 on Sat 24 Jun.", "fact": "1978-06-23T09:11:17Z → 1978-06-24T06:00:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:50 on the 22nd and 21:46 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29671 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 23 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Friday 23 June. Caturthī runs from 09:11 on Fri 23 Jun to 06:00 on Sat 24 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-06-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-06-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16135, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-06-30T00:25:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-30T00:25:42Z", "ms": 268014342277.80103 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-01T01:41:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-01T01:41:12Z", "ms": 268105272416.7001 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-06-30T00:25:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-30T00:25:42Z", "ms": 268014342277.80103 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-01T01:41:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-01T01:41:12Z", "ms": 268105272416.7001 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-06-30T06:09:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-30T06:09:51Z", "ms": 268034991345.0917 }, "end": { "local": "1978-06-30T06:09:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-06-30T06:09:51Z", "ms": 268034991345.0917 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-01T06:10:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-01T06:10:07Z", "ms": 268121407274.2917 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-01T06:10:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-01T06:10:07Z", "ms": 268121407274.2917 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:26 on Fri 30 Jun to 01:41 on Sat 1 Jul.", "fact": "1978-06-30T00:25:42Z → 1978-07-01T01:41:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:10 on the 30th and 06:10 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16135 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Friday 30 June. Ekādaśī runs from 00:26 on Fri 30 Jun to 01:41 on Sat 1 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-06-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-07-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24640, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-02T03:20:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-02T03:20:57Z", "ms": 268197657296.59064 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-03T05:18:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T05:18:58Z", "ms": 268291138357.96347 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-02T03:20:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-02T03:20:57Z", "ms": 268197657296.59064 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-03T05:18:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T05:18:58Z", "ms": 268291138357.96347 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-01T19:01:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-01T19:01:03Z", "ms": 268167662959.2667 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-01T20:30:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-01T20:30:18Z", "ms": 268173017685.404 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-02T19:01:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-02T19:01:10Z", "ms": 268254069776.8364 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-02T20:30:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-02T20:30:26Z", "ms": 268259425767.9777 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:21 on Sun 2 Jul to 05:19 on Mon 3 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-02T03:20:57Z → 1978-07-03T05:18:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:30 on the 1st, 19:01–20:30 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 89 minutes on the 1st and 89 of 89 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24640 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 2 July. Trayodaśī runs from 03:21 on Sun 2 Jul to 05:19 on Mon 3 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-07-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-07-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15544, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-03T05:18:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T05:18:58Z", "ms": 268291138357.96347 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-04T07:30:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-04T07:30:11Z", "ms": 268385410910.6311 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-03T05:18:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T05:18:58Z", "ms": 268291138357.96347 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-04T07:30:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-04T07:30:11Z", "ms": 268385410910.6311 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-03T00:11:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T00:11:55Z", "ms": 268272714743.6163 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-03T00:59:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-03T00:59:55Z", "ms": 268275594743.6163 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-04T00:12:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-04T00:12:06Z", "ms": 268359126025.95203 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-04T01:00:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-04T01:00:06Z", "ms": 268362006025.95203 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:19 on Mon 3 Jul to 07:30 on Tue 4 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-03T05:18:58Z → 1978-07-04T07:30:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:12–01:00 on the 2nd, 00:12–01:00 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15544 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Monday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Monday 3 July. Caturdaśī runs from 05:19 on Mon 3 Jul to 07:30 on Tue 4 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-07-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-07", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 171, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-07-06T12:15:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-06T12:15:21Z", "ms": 268575321068.4103 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-07T14:40:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-07T14:40:48Z", "ms": 268670448231.13934 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-06T12:15:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-06T12:15:21Z", "ms": 268575321068.4103 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-07T14:40:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-07T14:40:48Z", "ms": 268670448231.13934 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-06T12:12:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-06T12:12:30Z", "ms": 268575149598.46954 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-06T13:00:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-06T13:00:30Z", "ms": 268578029598.46954 } }, "covered_min": 45, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-07T12:12:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-07T12:12:40Z", "ms": 268661559509.92572 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-07T13:00:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-07T13:00:40Z", "ms": 268664439509.92572 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 12:15 on Thu 6 Jul to 14:41 on Fri 7 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-06T12:15:21Z → 1978-07-07T14:40:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 6th, 12:13–13:01 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 45 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 171 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Bamako, 1978: Friday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-07", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rathayātrā 1978 falls on Friday 7 July. Dvitīyā runs from 12:15 on Thu 6 Jul to 14:41 on Fri 7 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 45 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken. It is 2 min 51 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-07-09", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14408, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-08T17:00:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-08T17:00:57Z", "ms": 268765256983.06805 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-09T19:08:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T19:08:29Z", "ms": 268859309061.37323 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-08T17:00:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-08T17:00:57Z", "ms": 268765256983.06805 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-09T19:08:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T19:08:29Z", "ms": 268859309061.37323 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-08T12:12:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-08T12:12:49Z", "ms": 268747969040.03394 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-08T13:00:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-08T13:00:49Z", "ms": 268750849040.03394 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-09T12:12:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T12:12:58Z", "ms": 268834378167.51062 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-09T13:00:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T13:00:58Z", "ms": 268837258167.51062 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:01 on Sat 8 Jul to 19:08 on Sun 9 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-08T17:00:57Z → 1978-07-09T19:08:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 8th, 12:13–13:01 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14408 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 9 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Sunday 9 July. Caturthī runs from 17:01 on Sat 8 Jul to 19:08 on Sun 9 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-07-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22051, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-09T19:08:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T19:08:29Z", "ms": 268859309061.37323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-10T20:54:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-10T20:54:43Z", "ms": 268952083356.47952 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-09T19:08:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T19:08:29Z", "ms": 268859309061.37323 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-10T20:54:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-10T20:54:43Z", "ms": 268952083356.47952 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-09T12:12:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T12:12:58Z", "ms": 268834378167.51062 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-09T13:00:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-09T13:00:58Z", "ms": 268837258167.51062 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-10T12:13:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-10T12:13:07Z", "ms": 268920786872.01367 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-10T13:01:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-10T13:01:07Z", "ms": 268923666872.01367 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:08 on Sun 9 Jul to 20:55 on Mon 10 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-09T19:08:29Z → 1978-07-10T20:54:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 9th, 12:13–13:01 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22051 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Bamako, 1978: Monday 10 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Skanda Pañcamī 1978 falls on Monday 10 July. Pañcamī runs from 19:08 on Sun 9 Jul to 20:55 on Mon 10 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32952, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-11T22:10:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-11T22:10:27Z", "ms": 269043026886.6746 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-12T22:47:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-12T22:47:14Z", "ms": 269131633678.14658 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-11T22:10:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-11T22:10:27Z", "ms": 269043026886.6746 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-12T22:47:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-12T22:47:14Z", "ms": 269131633678.14658 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-11T12:13:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-11T12:13:15Z", "ms": 269007195134.17242 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-11T13:01:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-11T13:01:15Z", "ms": 269010075134.17242 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-12T12:13:23+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-12T12:13:23Z", "ms": 269093602935.80243 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-12T13:01:23+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-12T13:01:23Z", "ms": 269096482935.80243 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 22:10 on Tue 11 Jul to 22:47 on Wed 12 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-11T22:10:27Z → 1978-07-12T22:47:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 11th, 12:13–13:01 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32952 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vivasvat Saptamī 1978 falls on Wednesday 12 July. Saptamī runs from 22:10 on Tue 11 Jul to 22:47 on Wed 12 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-07-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36991, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-15T19:57:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-15T19:57:44Z", "ms": 269380664495.77734 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-16T17:29:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-16T17:29:42Z", "ms": 269458181600.0618 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-15T19:57:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-15T19:57:44Z", "ms": 269380664495.77734 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-16T17:29:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-16T17:29:42Z", "ms": 269458181600.0618 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-16T06:14:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-16T06:14:15Z", "ms": 269417655188.67914 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-16T06:14:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-16T06:14:15Z", "ms": 269417655188.67914 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-17T06:14:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-17T06:14:31Z", "ms": 269504071178.9272 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-17T06:14:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-17T06:14:31Z", "ms": 269504071178.9272 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:58 on Sat 15 Jul to 17:30 on Sun 16 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-15T19:57:44Z → 1978-07-16T17:29:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:14 on the 16th and 06:15 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36991 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 16 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 16 July. Ekādaśī runs from 19:58 on Sat 15 Jul to 17:30 on Sun 16 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-07-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-07-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16588, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-17T14:24:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-17T14:24:50Z", "ms": 269533489541.36807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-18T10:52:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T10:52:05Z", "ms": 269607124711.189 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-17T14:24:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-17T14:24:50Z", "ms": 269533489541.36807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-18T10:52:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T10:52:05Z", "ms": 269607124711.189 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-17T19:01:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-17T19:01:18Z", "ms": 269550077813.2685 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-17T20:31:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-17T20:31:06Z", "ms": 269555465702.95523 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-18T19:01:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T19:01:11Z", "ms": 269636471482.41983 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-18T20:31:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T20:31:02Z", "ms": 269641862297.5844 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:25 on Mon 17 Jul to 10:52 on Tue 18 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-17T14:24:50Z → 1978-07-18T10:52:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:31 on the 17th, 19:01–20:31 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 90 of 90 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 90 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16588 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Monday 17 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 17 July. Trayodaśī runs from 14:25 on Mon 17 Jul to 10:52 on Tue 18 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-07-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2802, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T07:01:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T03:04:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T07:01:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T03:04:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T06:15:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T06:15:03Z", "ms": 269676902596.15417 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-19T08:48:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T08:48:15Z", "ms": 269686094928.9488 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 153, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-20T06:15:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T06:15:18Z", "ms": 269763317997.83646 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T08:48:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T08:48:26Z", "ms": 269772505627.95853 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 153, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 03:05 on Thu 20 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z → 1978-07-20T03:04:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:15–08:48 on the 19th, 06:15–08:48 on the 20th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 107 of 153 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 153 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither morning qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 2802 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vyāsa Pūjā 1978 falls on Wednesday 19 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 03:05 on Thu 20 Jul, and reaches the first three muhūrtas after sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18739, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T07:01:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T03:04:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T07:01:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T03:04:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T12:14:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T12:14:03Z", "ms": 269698443428.14072 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-19T13:02:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T13:02:03Z", "ms": 269701323428.14072 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-20T12:14:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T12:14:07Z", "ms": 269784847073.1416 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T13:02:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T13:02:07Z", "ms": 269787727073.1416 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 03:05 on Thu 20 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z → 1978-07-20T03:04:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 19th, 12:14–13:02 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18739 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Guru Pūrṇimā 1978 falls on Wednesday 19 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 03:05 on Thu 20 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29025, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T07:01:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T03:04:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T07:01:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T03:04:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-18T16:27:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T16:27:55Z", "ms": 269627274583.11966 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-18T19:01:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T19:01:11Z", "ms": 269636471482.41983 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 153, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T16:27:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T16:27:52Z", "ms": 269713671927.33264 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-19T19:01:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T19:01:04Z", "ms": 269722864260.12726 } }, "covered_min": 153, "window_min": 153, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 03:05 on Thu 20 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z → 1978-07-20T03:04:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:28–19:01 on the 18th, 16:28–19:01 on the 19th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 153 minutes on the 18th and 153 of 153 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29025 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kokilā Vrata 1978 falls on Wednesday 19 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 03:05 on Thu 20 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23631, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T07:01:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T03:04:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T07:01:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z", "ms": 269679704466.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T03:04:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T03:04:49Z", "ms": 269751889409.25226 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-18T19:01:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T19:01:11Z", "ms": 269636471482.41983 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-18T20:31:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-18T20:31:02Z", "ms": 269641862297.5844 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-19T19:01:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T19:01:04Z", "ms": 269722864260.12726 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-19T20:30:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-19T20:30:58Z", "ms": 269728258091.8218 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 03:05 on Thu 20 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-19T07:01:44Z → 1978-07-20T03:04:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:31 on the 18th, 19:01–20:31 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 90 minutes on the 18th and 90 of 90 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23631 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śiva Śayanotsava 1978 falls on Wednesday 19 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:02 on Wed 19 Jul to 03:05 on Thu 20 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-20", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2959, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-07-20T23:12:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T23:12:32Z", "ms": 269824352018.03912 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-21T19:35:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-21T19:35:49Z", "ms": 269897748625.41782 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-20T23:12:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T23:12:32Z", "ms": 269824352018.03912 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-21T19:35:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-21T19:35:49Z", "ms": 269897748625.41782 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-20T19:30:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T19:30:00Z", "ms": 269810999773.75592 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-20T19:30:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-20T19:30:00Z", "ms": 269810999773.75592 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-21T20:25:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-21T20:25:07Z", "ms": 269900707371.2126 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-21T20:25:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-21T20:25:07Z", "ms": 269900707371.2126 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 23:13 on Thu 20 Jul to 19:36 on Fri 21 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-20T23:12:32Z → 1978-07-21T19:35:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:30 on the 20th and 20:25 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 2959 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Bamako, 1978: Thursday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-20", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-20", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1978 falls on Thursday 20 July. Dvitīyā runs from 23:13 on Thu 20 Jul to 19:36 on Fri 21 Jul, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-07-22", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17508, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-22T16:24:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-22T16:24:51Z", "ms": 269972690787.52625 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-23T13:48:33+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-23T13:48:33Z", "ms": 270049712808.0915 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-22T16:24:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-22T16:24:51Z", "ms": 269972690787.52625 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-23T13:48:33+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-23T13:48:33Z", "ms": 270049712808.0915 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-22T21:16:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-22T21:16:39Z", "ms": 269990199015.97583 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-22T21:16:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-22T21:16:39Z", "ms": 269990199015.97583 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-23T22:05:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-23T22:05:06Z", "ms": 270079505736.66946 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-23T22:05:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-23T22:05:06Z", "ms": 270079505736.66946 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:25 on Sat 22 Jul to 13:49 on Sun 23 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-22T16:24:51Z → 1978-07-23T13:48:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:17 on the 22nd and 22:05 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17508 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Saturday 22 July. Caturthī runs from 16:25 on Sat 22 Jul to 13:49 on Sun 23 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-07-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-07-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25999, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-29T13:30:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-29T13:30:44Z", "ms": 270567044132.85562 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-30T15:32:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-30T15:32:19Z", "ms": 270660738723.32495 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-29T13:30:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-29T13:30:44Z", "ms": 270567044132.85562 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-30T15:32:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-30T15:32:19Z", "ms": 270660738723.32495 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-29T06:17:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-29T06:17:26Z", "ms": 270541045549.83282 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-29T06:17:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-29T06:17:26Z", "ms": 270541045549.83282 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-30T06:17:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-30T06:17:38Z", "ms": 270627458295.27347 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-30T06:17:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-30T06:17:38Z", "ms": 270627458295.27347 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:31 on Sat 29 Jul to 15:32 on Sun 30 Jul.", "fact": "1978-07-29T13:30:44Z → 1978-07-30T15:32:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:17 on the 29th and 06:18 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25999 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 30 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 30 July. Ekādaśī runs from 13:31 on Sat 29 Jul to 15:32 on Sun 30 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-07-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-07-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-07-31", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 901, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-07-31T17:49:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-31T17:49:17Z", "ms": 270755357245.88165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-01T20:13:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T20:13:51Z", "ms": 270850430554.01236 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-07-31T17:49:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-31T17:49:17Z", "ms": 270755357245.88165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-01T20:13:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T20:13:51Z", "ms": 270850430554.01236 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-07-31T18:58:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-31T18:58:29Z", "ms": 270759509143.32492 }, "end": { "local": "1978-07-31T20:29:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-07-31T20:29:06Z", "ms": 270764945630.28275 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-01T18:58:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T18:58:11Z", "ms": 270845890608.33212 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-01T20:28:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T20:28:51Z", "ms": 270851331131.20184 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:49 on Mon 31 Jul to 20:14 on Tue 1 Aug.", "fact": "1978-07-31T17:49:17Z → 1978-08-01T20:13:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:58–20:29 on the 31st, 18:58–20:29 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 91 of 91 minutes on the 31st and 76 of 91 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 901 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Monday 31 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-31", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-07-31", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 31 July. Trayodaśī runs from 17:49 on Mon 31 Jul to 20:14 on Tue 1 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 76 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-07-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-08-01", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5682, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-01T20:13:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T20:13:51Z", "ms": 270850430554.01236 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-02T22:39:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-02T22:39:27Z", "ms": 270945566739.54364 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-01T20:13:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-01T20:13:51Z", "ms": 270850430554.01236 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-02T22:39:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-02T22:39:27Z", "ms": 270945566739.54364 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-02T00:14:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-02T00:14:13Z", "ms": 270864852569.09363 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-02T01:02:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-02T01:02:13Z", "ms": 270867732569.09363 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-03T00:14:09+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-03T00:14:09Z", "ms": 270951248567.16748 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-03T01:02:09+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-03T01:02:09Z", "ms": 270954128567.16748 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:14 on Tue 1 Aug to 22:39 on Wed 2 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-01T20:13:51Z → 1978-08-02T22:39:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:14–01:02 on the 1st, 00:14–01:02 on the 2nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5682 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Tuesday 1 August. Caturdaśī runs from 20:14 on Tue 1 Aug to 22:39 on Wed 2 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-08-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19331, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-08-06T05:11:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-06T05:11:31Z", "ms": 271228291325.5372 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-07T06:51:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T06:51:24Z", "ms": 271320683625.58447 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-06T05:11:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-06T05:11:31Z", "ms": 271228291325.5372 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-07T06:51:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T06:51:24Z", "ms": 271320683625.58447 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-06T12:13:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-06T12:13:42Z", "ms": 271253621578.57245 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-06T13:01:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-06T13:01:42Z", "ms": 271256501578.57245 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-07T12:13:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T12:13:35Z", "ms": 271340014748.55463 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-07T13:01:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T13:01:35Z", "ms": 271342894748.55463 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:12 on Sun 6 Aug to 06:51 on Mon 7 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-06T05:11:31Z → 1978-08-07T06:51:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 6th, 12:14–13:02 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19331 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1978 falls on Sunday 6 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:12 on Sun 6 Aug to 06:51 on Mon 7 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-08-07", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14783, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-07T06:51:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T06:51:24Z", "ms": 271320683625.58447 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-08T08:07:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T08:07:04Z", "ms": 271411624397.272 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-07T06:51:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T06:51:24Z", "ms": 271320683625.58447 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-08T08:07:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T08:07:04Z", "ms": 271411624397.272 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-07T12:13:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T12:13:35Z", "ms": 271340014748.55463 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-07T13:01:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-07T13:01:35Z", "ms": 271342894748.55463 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-08T12:13:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T12:13:27Z", "ms": 271426407317.89252 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-08T13:01:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T13:01:27Z", "ms": 271429287317.89252 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:51 on Mon 7 Aug to 08:07 on Tue 8 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-07T06:51:24Z → 1978-08-08T08:07:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 7th, 12:13–13:01 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14783 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Monday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Monday 7 August. Caturthī runs from 06:51 on Mon 7 Aug to 08:07 on Tue 8 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-08-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12026, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-08T08:07:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T08:07:04Z", "ms": 271411624397.272 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-09T08:52:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-09T08:52:53Z", "ms": 271500773499.4641 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-08T08:07:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T08:07:04Z", "ms": 271411624397.272 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-09T08:52:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-09T08:52:53Z", "ms": 271500773499.4641 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-08T12:13:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T12:13:27Z", "ms": 271426407317.89252 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-08T13:01:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-08T13:01:27Z", "ms": 271429287317.89252 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-09T12:13:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-09T12:13:19Z", "ms": 271512799288.9074 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-09T13:01:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-09T13:01:19Z", "ms": 271515679288.9074 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 08:07 on Tue 8 Aug to 08:53 on Wed 9 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-08T08:07:04Z → 1978-08-09T08:52:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 8th, 12:13–13:01 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12026 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nāga Pañcamī 1978 falls on Tuesday 8 August. Pañcamī runs from 08:07 on Tue 8 Aug to 08:53 on Wed 9 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-08-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11180, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-14T03:13:46+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-14T03:13:46Z", "ms": 271912425615.4865 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-15T00:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T00:18:05Z", "ms": 271988285419.09244 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-14T03:13:46+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-14T03:13:46Z", "ms": 271912425615.4865 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-15T00:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T00:18:05Z", "ms": 271988285419.09244 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-14T06:20:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-14T06:20:06Z", "ms": 271923605572.2089 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-14T06:20:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-14T06:20:06Z", "ms": 271923605572.2089 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-15T06:20:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T06:20:12Z", "ms": 272010012238.85403 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-15T06:20:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T06:20:12Z", "ms": 272010012238.85403 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:14 on Mon 14 Aug to 00:18 on Tue 15 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-14T03:13:46Z → 1978-08-15T00:18:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:20 on the 14th and 06:20 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11180 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Monday 14 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Putradā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Monday 14 August. Ekādaśī runs from 03:14 on Mon 14 Aug to 00:18 on Tue 15 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-08-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28727, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-15T00:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T00:18:05Z", "ms": 271988285419.09244 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-15T20:59:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T20:59:06Z", "ms": 272062745650.47678 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-15T00:18:05+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T00:18:05Z", "ms": 271988285419.09244 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-15T20:59:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T20:59:06Z", "ms": 272062745650.47678 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-14T12:12:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-14T12:12:30Z", "ms": 271944750333.23434 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-14T13:00:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-14T13:00:30Z", "ms": 271947630333.23434 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-15T12:12:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T12:12:19Z", "ms": 272031138832.65283 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-15T13:00:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T13:00:19Z", "ms": 272034018832.65283 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 00:18 on Tue 15 Aug to 20:59 on Tue 15 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-15T00:18:05Z → 1978-08-15T20:59:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:13–13:01 on the 14th, 12:12–13:00 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28727 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1978 falls on Tuesday 15 August. Dvādaśī runs from 00:18 on Tue 15 Aug to 20:59 on Tue 15 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-08-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-15", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2097, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-15T20:59:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T20:59:06Z", "ms": 272062745650.47678 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-16T17:25:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-16T17:25:35Z", "ms": 272136334917.24713 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-15T20:59:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T20:59:06Z", "ms": 272062745650.47678 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-16T17:25:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-16T17:25:35Z", "ms": 272136334917.24713 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-15T18:52:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T18:52:25Z", "ms": 272055145426.45163 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-15T20:24:09+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-15T20:24:09Z", "ms": 272060648504.97623 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-16T18:51:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-16T18:51:55Z", "ms": 272141515059.50623 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-16T20:23:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-16T20:23:43Z", "ms": 272147022972.91263 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:59 on Tue 15 Aug to 17:26 on Wed 16 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-15T20:59:06Z → 1978-08-16T17:25:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:52–20:24 on the 15th, 18:52–20:24 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 92 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 2097 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-15", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Tuesday 15 August. Trayodaśī runs from 20:59 on Tue 15 Aug to 17:26 on Wed 16 Aug, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-08-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-17", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 14009, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-08-17T13:47:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T13:47:12Z", "ms": 272209631990.73373 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T10:13:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T10:13:59Z", "ms": 272283239296.87036 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1978-08-17T23:59:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T23:59:19Z", "ms": 272246358966.74246 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T10:13:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T10:13:59Z", "ms": 272283239296.87036 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-17T06:20:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T06:20:24Z", "ms": 272182824410.05432 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T06:20:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T06:20:30Z", "ms": 272269229932.8059 } }, "covered_min": 381, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-18T06:20:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T06:20:30Z", "ms": 272269229932.8059 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-19T06:20:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-19T06:20:35Z", "ms": 272355635094.82236 } }, "covered_min": 233, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 13:47 on Thu 17 Aug to 10:14 on Fri 18 Aug. Its second half begins at 23:59 on Thu 17 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-17T13:47:12Z → 1978-08-18T10:13:59Z · second half from 1978-08-17T23:59:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:20 on the 17th, and from 06:20 on the 18th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 381 of 1440 minutes on the 17th and 233 of 1440 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 14009 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-17", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1978 falls on Thursday 17 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 23:59 on Thu 17 Aug to 10:14 on Fri 18 Aug and falls on two days: 381 minutes of it on the 17th, 233 on the 18th; the rule does not say which to take, and the day that holds more of it is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2838, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-08-17T13:47:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T13:47:12Z", "ms": 272209631990.73373 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T10:13:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T10:13:59Z", "ms": 272283239296.87036 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-17T13:47:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T13:47:12Z", "ms": 272209631990.73373 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T10:13:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T10:13:59Z", "ms": 272283239296.87036 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-17T12:11:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T12:11:54Z", "ms": 272203914211.7442 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-17T12:59:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-17T12:59:54Z", "ms": 272206794211.7442 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-18T12:11:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T12:11:41Z", "ms": 272290301121.02136 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T12:59:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T12:59:41Z", "ms": 272293181121.02136 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 13:47 on Thu 17 Aug to 10:14 on Fri 18 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-17T13:47:12Z → 1978-08-18T10:13:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 17th, 12:12–13:00 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 2838 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Bamako, 1978: Friday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1978 falls on Friday 18 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 13:47 on Thu 17 Aug to 10:14 on Fri 18 Aug, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29370, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-08-19T06:55:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-19T06:55:58Z", "ms": 272357758180.45053 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-20T04:02:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T04:02:43Z", "ms": 272433763221.83154 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-19T06:55:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-19T06:55:58Z", "ms": 272357758180.45053 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-20T04:02:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T04:02:43Z", "ms": 272433763221.83154 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-18T19:02:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T19:02:20Z", "ms": 272314940366.0572 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-18T19:02:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-18T19:02:20Z", "ms": 272314940366.0572 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-19T19:53:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-19T19:53:13Z", "ms": 272404393232.17795 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-19T19:53:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-19T19:53:13Z", "ms": 272404393232.17795 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 06:56 on Sat 19 Aug to 04:03 on Sun 20 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-19T06:55:58Z → 1978-08-20T04:02:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:02 on the 18th and 19:53 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29370 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1978 falls on Saturday 19 August. Dvitīyā runs from 06:56 on Sat 19 Aug to 04:03 on Sun 20 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29310, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-08-20T04:02:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T04:02:43Z", "ms": 272433763221.83154 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-21T01:42:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z", "ms": 272511772553.16772 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-20T04:02:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T04:02:43Z", "ms": 272433763221.83154 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-21T01:42:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z", "ms": 272511772553.16772 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-20T12:11:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T12:11:13Z", "ms": 272463073460.35345 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-20T12:59:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T12:59:13Z", "ms": 272465953460.35345 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T12:10:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T12:10:59Z", "ms": 272549458923.76022 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-21T12:58:59+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T12:58:59Z", "ms": 272552338923.76022 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 04:03 on Sun 20 Aug to 01:43 on Mon 21 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-20T04:02:43Z → 1978-08-21T01:42:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 20th, 12:11–12:59 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29310 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1978 falls on Sunday 20 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 04:03 on Sun 20 Aug to 01:43 on Mon 21 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18859, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T01:42:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z", "ms": 272511772553.16772 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-22T00:03:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T00:03:32Z", "ms": 272592212130.9719 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T01:42:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z", "ms": 272511772553.16772 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-22T00:03:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T00:03:32Z", "ms": 272592212130.9719 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-20T16:19:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T16:19:58Z", "ms": 272477997591.8154 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-20T18:49:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T18:49:47Z", "ms": 272486987012.79004 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 150, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T16:19:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T16:19:32Z", "ms": 272564371647.65408 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-21T18:49:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T18:49:13Z", "ms": 272573353463.5833 } }, "covered_min": 150, "window_min": 150, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:43 on Mon 21 Aug to 00:04 on Tue 22 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z → 1978-08-22T00:03:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:20–18:50 on the 20th, 16:20–18:49 on the 21st.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 150 minutes on the 20th and 150 of 150 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18859 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Monday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bahulā Caturthī 1978 falls on Monday 21 August. Caturthī runs from 01:43 on Mon 21 Aug to 00:04 on Tue 22 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-08-21", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9301, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T01:42:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z", "ms": 272511772553.16772 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-22T00:03:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T00:03:32Z", "ms": 272592212130.9719 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T01:42:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z", "ms": 272511772553.16772 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-22T00:03:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T00:03:32Z", "ms": 272592212130.9719 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-20T20:41:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T20:41:43Z", "ms": 272493703105.99512 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-20T20:41:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-20T20:41:43Z", "ms": 272493703105.99512 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-21T21:28:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T21:28:31Z", "ms": 272582911092.78326 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-21T21:28:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-21T21:28:31Z", "ms": 272582911092.78326 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:43 on Mon 21 Aug to 00:04 on Tue 22 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-21T01:42:53Z → 1978-08-22T00:03:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:42 on the 20th and 21:29 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9301 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Monday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Monday 21 August. Caturthī runs from 01:43 on Mon 21 Aug to 00:04 on Tue 22 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-08-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36269, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-22T23:09:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T23:09:35Z", "ms": 272675374570.75348 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-23T23:02:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T23:02:58Z", "ms": 272761377541.68652 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-22T23:09:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T23:09:35Z", "ms": 272675374570.75348 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-23T23:02:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T23:02:58Z", "ms": 272761377541.68652 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-22T12:10:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T12:10:44Z", "ms": 272635843938.02228 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-22T12:58:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-22T12:58:44Z", "ms": 272638723938.02228 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-23T12:10:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T12:10:29Z", "ms": 272722228518.6817 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-23T12:58:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T12:58:29Z", "ms": 272725108518.6817 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:10 on Tue 22 Aug to 23:03 on Wed 23 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-22T23:09:35Z → 1978-08-23T23:02:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 22nd, 12:10–12:58 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36269 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1978 falls on Wednesday 23 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:10 on Tue 22 Aug to 23:03 on Wed 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36269, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-23T23:02:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T23:02:58Z", "ms": 272761377541.68652 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-24T23:42:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T23:42:12Z", "ms": 272850131941.9948 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-23T23:02:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T23:02:58Z", "ms": 272761377541.68652 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-24T23:42:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T23:42:12Z", "ms": 272850131941.9948 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-23T12:10:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T12:10:29Z", "ms": 272722228518.6817 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-23T12:58:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-23T12:58:29Z", "ms": 272725108518.6817 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-24T12:10:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T12:10:13Z", "ms": 272808612680.67914 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-24T12:58:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T12:58:13Z", "ms": 272811492680.67914 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 23:03 on Wed 23 Aug to 23:42 on Thu 24 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-23T23:02:58Z → 1978-08-24T23:42:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:10–12:58 on the 23rd, 12:10–12:58 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36269 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śītalā Saptamī 1978 falls on Thursday 24 August. Saptamī runs from 23:03 on Wed 23 Aug to 23:42 on Thu 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-25", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 256, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-24T23:42:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T23:42:12Z", "ms": 272850131941.9948 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-26T01:02:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-26T01:02:13Z", "ms": 272941333434.27426 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-24T23:42:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-24T23:42:12Z", "ms": 272850131941.9948 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-26T01:02:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-26T01:02:13Z", "ms": 272941333434.27426 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-25T00:10:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-25T00:10:14Z", "ms": 272851814298.67093 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-25T00:58:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-25T00:58:14Z", "ms": 272854694298.67093 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-26T00:09:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-26T00:09:58Z", "ms": 272938197913.67087 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-26T00:57:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-26T00:57:58Z", "ms": 272941077913.67087 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 23:42 on Thu 24 Aug to 01:02 on Sat 26 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-24T23:42:12Z → 1978-08-26T01:02:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:10–00:58 on the 24th, 00:10–00:58 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 256 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-25", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Janmāṣṭamī 1978 falls on Friday 25 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 23:42 on Thu 24 Aug to 01:02 on Sat 26 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the previous night for 48 minutes; by the rule the second night is taken. It is 4 min 16 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-08-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4291, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-28T05:09:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-28T05:09:36Z", "ms": 273128976313.21118 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-29T07:35:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-29T07:35:32Z", "ms": 273224132315.42996 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-28T05:09:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-28T05:09:36Z", "ms": 273128976313.21118 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-29T07:35:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-29T07:35:32Z", "ms": 273224132315.42996 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-28T06:21:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-28T06:21:07Z", "ms": 273133267167.47556 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-28T06:21:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-28T06:21:07Z", "ms": 273133267167.47556 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-29T06:21:09+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-29T06:21:09Z", "ms": 273219669316.11194 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-29T06:21:09+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-29T06:21:09Z", "ms": 273219669316.11194 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:10 on Mon 28 Aug to 07:36 on Tue 29 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-28T05:09:36Z → 1978-08-29T07:35:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 28th and 06:21 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 4291 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ajā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Tuesday 29 August. Ekādaśī runs from 05:10 on Mon 28 Aug to 07:36 on Tue 29 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-08-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-08-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22943, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-30T10:02:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-30T10:02:11Z", "ms": 273319331348.94827 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-31T12:20:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z", "ms": 273414046850.46048 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-30T10:02:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-30T10:02:11Z", "ms": 273319331348.94827 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-31T12:20:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z", "ms": 273414046850.46048 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-30T18:43:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-30T18:43:48Z", "ms": 273350628089.14725 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-30T20:16:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-30T20:16:47Z", "ms": 273356207394.03503 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-31T18:43:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T18:43:10Z", "ms": 273436989677.10083 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-31T20:16:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T20:16:14Z", "ms": 273442574294.22534 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:02 on Wed 30 Aug to 12:21 on Thu 31 Aug.", "fact": "1978-08-30T10:02:11Z → 1978-08-31T12:20:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:17 on the 30th, 18:43–20:16 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 93 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22943 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Wednesday 30 August. Trayodaśī runs from 10:02 on Wed 30 Aug to 12:21 on Thu 31 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-08-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15475, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-31T12:20:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z", "ms": 273414046850.46048 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-01T14:24:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T14:24:36Z", "ms": 273507876029.09912 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-31T12:20:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z", "ms": 273414046850.46048 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-01T14:24:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T14:24:36Z", "ms": 273507876029.09912 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-08-31T18:43:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T18:43:10Z", "ms": 273436989677.10083 }, "end": { "local": "1978-08-31T20:16:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T20:16:14Z", "ms": 273442574294.22534 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-01T18:42:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T18:42:31Z", "ms": 273523350880.25854 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-01T20:15:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T20:15:41Z", "ms": 273528940831.50327 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:21 on Thu 31 Aug to 14:25 on Fri 1 Sep.", "fact": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z → 1978-09-01T14:24:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:16 on the 31st, 18:43–20:16 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 93 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15475 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Aghora Caturdaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 31 August. Caturdaśī runs from 12:21 on Thu 31 Aug to 14:25 on Fri 1 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-08-31", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-08-31T12:20:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z", "ms": 273414046850.46048 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-01T14:24:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T14:24:36Z", "ms": 273507876029.09912 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-08-31T12:20:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z", "ms": 273414046850.46048 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-01T14:24:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T14:24:36Z", "ms": 273507876029.09912 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-01T00:08:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T00:08:12Z", "ms": 273456491991.3177 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-01T00:56:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-01T00:56:12Z", "ms": 273459371991.3177 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-02T00:07:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-02T00:07:53Z", "ms": 273542873197.42624 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-02T00:55:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-02T00:55:53Z", "ms": 273545753197.42624 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:21 on Thu 31 Aug to 14:25 on Fri 1 Sep.", "fact": "1978-08-31T12:20:47Z → 1978-09-01T14:24:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:08–00:56 on the 31st, 00:08–00:56 on the 1st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34997 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Thursday 31 August. Caturdaśī runs from 12:21 on Thu 31 Aug to 14:25 on Fri 1 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-08-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11600, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-09-02T16:08:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-02T16:08:54Z", "ms": 273600533700.18982 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-03T17:30:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-03T17:30:27Z", "ms": 273691826664.34488 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-02T16:08:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-02T16:08:54Z", "ms": 273600533700.18982 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-03T17:30:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-03T17:30:27Z", "ms": 273691826664.34488 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-02T12:07:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-02T12:07:34Z", "ms": 273586053615.45544 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-02T12:55:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-02T12:55:34Z", "ms": 273588933615.45544 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-03T12:07:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-03T12:07:14Z", "ms": 273672434357.68295 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-03T12:55:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-03T12:55:14Z", "ms": 273675314357.68295 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:09 on Sat 2 Sep to 17:30 on Sun 3 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-02T16:08:54Z → 1978-09-03T17:30:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:08–12:56 on the 2nd, 12:07–12:55 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11600 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rudra Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 3 September. Pratipadā runs from 16:09 on Sat 2 Sep to 17:30 on Sun 3 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19928, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-09-04T18:27:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-04T18:27:03Z", "ms": 273781622527.6725 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-05T18:57:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T18:57:04Z", "ms": 273869824083.08023 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-04T18:27:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-04T18:27:03Z", "ms": 273781622527.6725 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-05T18:57:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T18:57:04Z", "ms": 273869824083.08023 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-04T12:06:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-04T12:06:55Z", "ms": 273758814833.4489 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-04T12:54:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-04T12:54:55Z", "ms": 273761694833.4489 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-05T12:06:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T12:06:35Z", "ms": 273845195056.8614 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-05T12:54:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T12:54:35Z", "ms": 273848075056.8614 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:27 on Mon 4 Sep to 18:57 on Tue 5 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-04T18:27:03Z → 1978-09-05T18:57:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 4th, 12:07–12:55 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19928 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1978 falls on Tuesday 5 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:27 on Mon 4 Sep to 18:57 on Tue 5 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21749, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-05T18:57:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T18:57:04Z", "ms": 273869824083.08023 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-06T18:59:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T18:59:16Z", "ms": 273956355638.34705 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-05T18:57:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T18:57:04Z", "ms": 273869824083.08023 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-06T18:59:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T18:59:16Z", "ms": 273956355638.34705 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-05T12:06:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T12:06:35Z", "ms": 273845195056.8614 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-05T12:54:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-05T12:54:35Z", "ms": 273848075056.8614 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-06T12:06:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T12:06:15Z", "ms": 273931575042.38663 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-06T12:54:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T12:54:15Z", "ms": 273934455042.38663 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:57 on Tue 5 Sep to 18:59 on Wed 6 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-05T18:57:04Z → 1978-09-06T18:59:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:07–12:55 on the 5th, 12:06–12:54 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21749 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 6 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1978 falls on Wednesday 6 September. Caturthī runs from 18:57 on Tue 5 Sep to 18:59 on Wed 6 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20328, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-06T18:59:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T18:59:16Z", "ms": 273956355638.34705 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-07T18:32:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T18:32:43Z", "ms": 274041162816.26486 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-06T18:59:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T18:59:16Z", "ms": 273956355638.34705 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-07T18:32:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T18:32:43Z", "ms": 274041162816.26486 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-06T12:06:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T12:06:15Z", "ms": 273931575042.38663 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-06T12:54:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-06T12:54:15Z", "ms": 273934455042.38663 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-07T12:05:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T12:05:55Z", "ms": 274017954804.98126 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-07T12:53:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T12:53:55Z", "ms": 274020834804.98126 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:59 on Wed 6 Sep to 18:33 on Thu 7 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-06T18:59:16Z → 1978-09-07T18:32:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 6th, 12:06–12:54 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 20328 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 7 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1978 falls on Thursday 7 September. Pañcamī runs from 18:59 on Wed 6 Sep to 18:33 on Thu 7 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17009, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-07T18:32:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T18:32:43Z", "ms": 274041162816.26486 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-08T17:37:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T17:37:03Z", "ms": 274124223266.21436 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-07T18:32:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T18:32:43Z", "ms": 274041162816.26486 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-08T17:37:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T17:37:03Z", "ms": 274124223266.21436 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-07T12:05:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T12:05:55Z", "ms": 274017954804.98126 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-07T12:53:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-07T12:53:55Z", "ms": 274020834804.98126 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-08T12:05:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T12:05:34Z", "ms": 274104334360.23712 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-08T12:53:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T12:53:34Z", "ms": 274107214360.23712 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 18:33 on Thu 7 Sep to 17:37 on Fri 8 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-07T18:32:43Z → 1978-09-08T17:37:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 7th, 12:06–12:54 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17009 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Bamako, 1978: Friday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1978 falls on Friday 8 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 18:33 on Thu 7 Sep to 17:37 on Fri 8 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11969, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-08T17:37:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T17:37:03Z", "ms": 274124223266.21436 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-09T16:12:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T16:12:43Z", "ms": 274205563036.61472 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-08T17:37:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T17:37:03Z", "ms": 274124223266.21436 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-09T16:12:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T16:12:43Z", "ms": 274205563036.61472 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-08T12:05:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T12:05:34Z", "ms": 274104334360.23712 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-08T12:53:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-08T12:53:34Z", "ms": 274107214360.23712 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-09T12:05:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T12:05:14Z", "ms": 274190713724.53345 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-09T12:53:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T12:53:14Z", "ms": 274193593724.53345 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 17:37 on Fri 8 Sep to 16:13 on Sat 9 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-08T17:37:03Z → 1978-09-09T16:12:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:06–12:54 on the 8th, 12:05–12:53 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11969 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1978 falls on Saturday 9 September. Saptamī runs from 17:37 on Fri 8 Sep to 16:13 on Sat 9 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5300, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-09T16:12:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T16:12:43Z", "ms": 274205563036.61472 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-10T14:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-10T14:21:13Z", "ms": 274285272581.71692 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-09T16:12:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T16:12:43Z", "ms": 274205563036.61472 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-10T14:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-10T14:21:13Z", "ms": 274285272581.71692 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-09T12:05:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T12:05:14Z", "ms": 274190713724.53345 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-09T12:53:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-09T12:53:14Z", "ms": 274193593724.53345 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-10T12:04:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-10T12:04:53Z", "ms": 274277092915.1947 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-10T12:52:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-10T12:52:53Z", "ms": 274279972915.1947 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:13 on Sat 9 Sep to 14:21 on Sun 10 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-09T16:12:43Z → 1978-09-10T14:21:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:05–12:53 on the 9th, 12:05–12:53 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rādhāṣṭamī 1978 falls on Sunday 10 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:13 on Sat 9 Sep to 14:21 on Sun 10 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-09-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 987, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-12T09:29:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-12T09:29:02Z", "ms": 274440542095.50046 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-13T06:37:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T06:37:45Z", "ms": 274516664536.16705 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-12T09:29:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-12T09:29:02Z", "ms": 274440542095.50046 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-13T06:37:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T06:37:45Z", "ms": 274516664536.16705 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-12T06:21:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-12T06:21:18Z", "ms": 274429277745.00214 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-12T06:21:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-12T06:21:18Z", "ms": 274429277745.00214 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-13T06:21:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T06:21:17Z", "ms": 274515677256.5894 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-13T06:21:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T06:21:17Z", "ms": 274515677256.5894 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:29 on Tue 12 Sep to 06:38 on Wed 13 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-12T09:29:02Z → 1978-09-13T06:37:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 12th and 06:21 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 987 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Wednesday 13 September. Ekādaśī runs from 09:29 on Tue 12 Sep to 06:38 on Wed 13 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-09-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19565, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-13T06:37:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T06:37:45Z", "ms": 274516664536.16705 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-14T03:37:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T03:37:48Z", "ms": 274592267747.61972 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-13T06:37:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T06:37:45Z", "ms": 274516664536.16705 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-14T03:37:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T03:37:48Z", "ms": 274592267747.61972 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-13T12:03:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T12:03:50Z", "ms": 274536229635.89597 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-13T12:51:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T12:51:50Z", "ms": 274539109635.89597 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-14T12:03:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T12:03:28Z", "ms": 274622608328.97107 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-14T12:51:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T12:51:28Z", "ms": 274625488328.97107 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 06:38 on Wed 13 Sep to 03:38 on Thu 14 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-13T06:37:45Z → 1978-09-14T03:37:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:04–12:52 on the 13th, 12:03–12:51 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19565 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vāmana Jayantī 1978 falls on Wednesday 13 September. Dvādaśī runs from 06:38 on Wed 13 Sep to 03:38 on Thu 14 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-09-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16105, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-14T03:37:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T03:37:48Z", "ms": 274592267747.61972 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-15T00:36:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T00:36:26Z", "ms": 274667785837.7581 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-14T03:37:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T03:37:48Z", "ms": 274592267747.61972 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-15T00:36:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T00:36:26Z", "ms": 274667785837.7581 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-13T18:34:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T18:34:22Z", "ms": 274559662015.20255 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-13T20:08:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-13T20:08:37Z", "ms": 274565317306.80615 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-14T18:33:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T18:33:40Z", "ms": 274646019955.71246 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-14T20:08:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-14T20:08:01Z", "ms": 274651680775.23883 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:38 on Thu 14 Sep to 00:36 on Fri 15 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-14T03:37:48Z → 1978-09-15T00:36:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:34–20:09 on the 13th, 18:34–20:08 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 94 minutes on the 13th and 94 of 94 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16105 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 14 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Thursday 14 September. Trayodaśī runs from 03:38 on Thu 14 Sep to 00:36 on Fri 15 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-09-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20690, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-15T00:36:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T00:36:26Z", "ms": 274667785837.7581 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-15T21:41:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T21:41:29Z", "ms": 274743688841.7156 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-15T00:36:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T00:36:26Z", "ms": 274667785837.7581 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-15T21:41:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T21:41:29Z", "ms": 274743688841.7156 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-15T06:21:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T06:21:16Z", "ms": 274688476102.16022 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-15T08:47:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-15T08:47:36Z", "ms": 274697256442.59167 } }, "covered_min": 146, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-16T06:21:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-16T06:21:15Z", "ms": 274774875477.73795 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-16T08:47:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-16T08:47:27Z", "ms": 274783647499.85306 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:36 on Fri 15 Sep to 21:41 on Fri 15 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-15T00:36:26Z → 1978-09-15T21:41:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:21–08:48 on the 15th, 06:21–08:47 on the 16th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 146 of 146 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 146 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20690 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ananta Caturdaśī 1978 falls on Friday 15 September. Caturdaśī runs from 00:36 on Fri 15 Sep to 21:41 on Fri 15 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-09-19", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25518, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-19T13:45:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-19T13:45:30Z", "ms": 275060729795.0271 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-20T13:16:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-20T13:16:50Z", "ms": 275145409573.5981 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-19T13:45:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-19T13:45:30Z", "ms": 275060729795.0271 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-20T13:16:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-20T13:16:50Z", "ms": 275145409573.5981 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-19T20:50:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-19T20:50:47Z", "ms": 275086247421.452 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-19T20:50:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-19T20:50:47Z", "ms": 275086247421.452 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-20T21:37:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-20T21:37:27Z", "ms": 275175446729.1272 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-20T21:37:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-20T21:37:27Z", "ms": 275175446729.1272 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:45 on Tue 19 Sep to 13:17 on Wed 20 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-19T13:45:30Z → 1978-09-20T13:16:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:51 on the 19th and 21:37 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25518 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Tuesday 19 September. Caturthī runs from 13:45 on Tue 19 Sep to 13:17 on Wed 20 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-09-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31260, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-21T13:32:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-21T13:32:16Z", "ms": 275232735885.26556 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-22T14:30:46+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-22T14:30:46Z", "ms": 275322646154.77747 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-21T13:32:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-21T13:32:16Z", "ms": 275232735885.26556 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-22T14:30:46+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-22T14:30:46Z", "ms": 275322646154.77747 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-21T22:24:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-21T22:24:24Z", "ms": 275264664194.63226 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-21T22:24:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-21T22:24:24Z", "ms": 275264664194.63226 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-22T23:11:46+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-22T23:11:46Z", "ms": 275353905822.12976 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-22T23:11:46+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-22T23:11:46Z", "ms": 275353905822.12976 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:32 on Thu 21 Sep to 14:31 on Fri 22 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-21T13:32:16Z → 1978-09-22T14:30:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:24 on the 21st and 23:12 on the 22nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 31260 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1978 falls on Thursday 21 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:32 on Thu 21 Sep to 14:31 on Fri 22 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 785, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-23T16:07:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T16:07:26Z", "ms": 275414846167.62415 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-24T18:13:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T18:13:34Z", "ms": 275508813757.0435 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-23T16:07:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T16:07:26Z", "ms": 275414846167.62415 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-24T18:13:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T18:13:34Z", "ms": 275508813757.0435 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-23T18:27:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T18:27:21Z", "ms": 275423240533.7712 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-23T20:02:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T20:02:31Z", "ms": 275428951420.2296 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-24T18:26:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T18:26:39Z", "ms": 275509598756.14294 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-24T20:01:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T20:01:55Z", "ms": 275515315225.90216 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:07 on Sat 23 Sep to 18:14 on Sun 24 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-23T16:07:26Z → 1978-09-24T18:13:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:27–20:03 on the 23rd, 18:27–20:02 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 95 of 95 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 95 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 785 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 23 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1978 falls on Saturday 23 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:07 on Sat 23 Sep to 18:14 on Sun 24 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23633, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-23T16:07:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T16:07:26Z", "ms": 275414846167.62415 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-24T18:13:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T18:13:34Z", "ms": 275508813757.0435 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-23T16:07:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T16:07:26Z", "ms": 275414846167.62415 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-24T18:13:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-24T18:13:34Z", "ms": 275508813757.0435 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-23T23:59:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T23:59:29Z", "ms": 275443169205.4444 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-23T23:59:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-23T23:59:29Z", "ms": 275443169205.4444 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-25T00:47:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-25T00:47:27Z", "ms": 275532446609.87946 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-25T00:47:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-25T00:47:27Z", "ms": 275532446609.87946 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:07 on Sat 23 Sep to 18:14 on Sun 24 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-23T16:07:26Z → 1978-09-24T18:13:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:59 on the 23rd and 00:47 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23633 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 23 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1978 falls on Saturday 23 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:07 on Sat 23 Sep to 18:14 on Sun 24 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-09-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17678, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-26T23:06:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-26T23:06:03Z", "ms": 275699163444.0725 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-28T01:26:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-28T01:26:35Z", "ms": 275793995247.0223 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-26T23:06:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-26T23:06:03Z", "ms": 275699163444.0725 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-28T01:26:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-28T01:26:35Z", "ms": 275793995247.0223 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-27T06:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-27T06:21:13Z", "ms": 275725273007.6209 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-27T06:21:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-27T06:21:13Z", "ms": 275725273007.6209 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-28T06:21:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-28T06:21:14Z", "ms": 275811673670.892 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-28T06:21:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-28T06:21:14Z", "ms": 275811673670.892 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:06 on Tue 26 Sep to 01:27 on Thu 28 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-26T23:06:03Z → 1978-09-28T01:26:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:21 on the 27th and 06:21 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17678 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Indirā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Wednesday 27 September. Ekādaśī runs from 23:06 on Tue 26 Sep to 01:27 on Thu 28 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-09-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-09-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26930, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-29T03:28:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-29T03:28:22Z", "ms": 275887702126.01764 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-30T05:03:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T05:03:44Z", "ms": 275979823874.5102 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-29T03:28:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-29T03:28:22Z", "ms": 275887702126.01764 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-30T05:03:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T05:03:44Z", "ms": 275979823874.5102 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-28T18:23:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-28T18:23:54Z", "ms": 275855033530.6664 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-28T19:59:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-28T19:59:32Z", "ms": 275860772333.8003 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-29T18:23:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-29T18:23:13Z", "ms": 275941392807.3055 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-29T19:58:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-29T19:58:57Z", "ms": 275947137189.2971 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:28 on Fri 29 Sep to 05:04 on Sat 30 Sep.", "fact": "1978-09-29T03:28:22Z → 1978-09-30T05:03:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:24–20:00 on the 28th, 18:23–19:59 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 96 minutes on the 28th and 96 of 96 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26930 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Friday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Friday 29 September. Trayodaśī runs from 03:28 on Fri 29 Sep to 05:04 on Sat 30 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-09-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-09-30", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-09-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15450, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-09-30T05:03:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T05:03:44Z", "ms": 275979823874.5102 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-01T06:08:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T06:08:18Z", "ms": 276070097682.953 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-09-30T05:03:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T05:03:44Z", "ms": 275979823874.5102 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-01T06:08:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T06:08:18Z", "ms": 276070097682.953 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-29T23:58:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-29T23:58:14Z", "ms": 275961494239.77405 }, "end": { "local": "1978-09-30T00:46:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T00:46:14Z", "ms": 275964374239.77405 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-09-30T23:57:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-09-30T23:57:55Z", "ms": 276047874699.8983 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-01T00:45:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T00:45:55Z", "ms": 276050754699.8983 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:04 on Sat 30 Sep to 06:08 on Sun 1 Oct.", "fact": "1978-09-30T05:03:44Z → 1978-10-01T06:08:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:58–00:46 on the 29th, 23:58–00:46 on the 30th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15450 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 30 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Saturday 30 September. Caturdaśī runs from 05:04 on Sat 30 Sep to 06:08 on Sun 1 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-09-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24757, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1978-10-01T06:08:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T06:08:18Z", "ms": 276070097682.953 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-02T06:40:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T06:40:38Z", "ms": 276158438374.4601 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-01T06:08:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T06:08:18Z", "ms": 276070097682.953 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-02T06:40:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T06:40:38Z", "ms": 276158438374.4601 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-01T13:33:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T13:33:38Z", "ms": 276096818142.318 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-01T15:57:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-01T15:57:45Z", "ms": 276105465176.6033 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-02T13:33:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T13:33:15Z", "ms": 276183194895.3519 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-02T15:57:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T15:57:14Z", "ms": 276191833637.2253 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 06:08 on Sun 1 Oct to 06:41 on Mon 2 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-01T06:08:18Z → 1978-10-02T06:40:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:34–15:58 on the 1st, 13:33–15:57 on the 2nd.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 144 of 144 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 144 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24757 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 1 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1978 falls on Sunday 1 October. Amāvasyā runs from 06:08 on Sun 1 Oct to 06:41 on Mon 2 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18918, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-10-02T06:40:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T06:40:38Z", "ms": 276158438374.4601 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-03T06:41:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-03T06:41:39Z", "ms": 276244898838.3077 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-02T06:40:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T06:40:38Z", "ms": 276158438374.4601 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-03T06:41:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-03T06:41:39Z", "ms": 276244898838.3077 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-02T11:57:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T11:57:16Z", "ms": 276177435524.4152 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-02T12:45:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-02T12:45:16Z", "ms": 276180315524.4152 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-03T11:56:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-03T11:56:57Z", "ms": 276263816730.4065 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-03T12:44:57+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-03T12:44:57Z", "ms": 276266696730.4065 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 06:41 on Mon 2 Oct to 06:42 on Tue 3 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-02T06:40:38Z → 1978-10-03T06:41:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:57–12:45 on the 2nd, 11:57–12:45 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18918 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Bamako, 1978: Monday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1978 falls on Monday 2 October. Pratipadā runs from 06:41 on Mon 2 Oct to 06:42 on Tue 3 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-10-05", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23765, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-05T05:20:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-05T05:20:15Z", "ms": 276412815437.1351 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-06T04:04:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-06T04:04:48Z", "ms": 276494688398.4105 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-05T05:20:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-05T05:20:15Z", "ms": 276412815437.1351 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-06T04:04:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-06T04:04:48Z", "ms": 276494688398.4105 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-05T11:56:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-05T11:56:20Z", "ms": 276436580127.79425 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-05T12:44:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-05T12:44:20Z", "ms": 276439460127.79425 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-06T11:56:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-06T11:56:02Z", "ms": 276522962351.6689 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-06T12:44:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-06T12:44:02Z", "ms": 276525842351.6689 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:20 on Thu 5 Oct to 04:05 on Fri 6 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-05T05:20:15Z → 1978-10-06T04:04:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 5th, 11:56–12:44 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23765 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Thursday 5 October. Caturthī runs from 05:20 on Thu 5 Oct to 04:05 on Fri 6 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-10-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20358, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-08T00:42:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T00:42:17Z", "ms": 276655336549.7329 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-08T22:41:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T22:41:43Z", "ms": 276734502983.7475 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-08T00:42:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T00:42:17Z", "ms": 276655336549.7329 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-08T22:41:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T22:41:43Z", "ms": 276734502983.7475 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-08T06:21:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T06:21:35Z", "ms": 276675694689.2337 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-08T07:09:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T07:09:18Z", "ms": 276678557788.399 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-09T06:21:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T06:21:39Z", "ms": 276762098518.3061 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-09T07:09:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T07:09:19Z", "ms": 276764958892.583 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 00:42 on Sun 8 Oct to 22:42 on Sun 8 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-08T00:42:17Z → 1978-10-08T22:41:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:22–07:09 on the 8th, 06:22–07:09 on the 9th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20358 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Durgā Saptamī 1978 falls on Sunday 8 October. Saptamī runs from 00:42 on Sun 8 Oct to 22:42 on Sun 8 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28145, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-08T22:41:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T22:41:43Z", "ms": 276734502983.7475 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-09T20:32:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T20:32:17Z", "ms": 276813136688.3665 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-08T22:41:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T22:41:43Z", "ms": 276734502983.7475 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-09T20:32:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T20:32:17Z", "ms": 276813136688.3665 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-08T11:55:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T11:55:28Z", "ms": 276695727932.97314 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-08T12:43:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-08T12:43:28Z", "ms": 276698607932.97314 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-09T11:55:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T11:55:11Z", "ms": 276782111325.3832 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-09T12:43:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T12:43:11Z", "ms": 276784991325.3832 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 22:42 on Sun 8 Oct to 20:32 on Mon 9 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-08T22:41:43Z → 1978-10-09T20:32:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 8th, 11:55–12:43 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28145 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1978: Monday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1978 falls on Monday 9 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 22:42 on Sun 8 Oct to 20:32 on Mon 9 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20038, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-09T20:32:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T20:32:17Z", "ms": 276813136688.3665 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-10T18:16:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T18:16:53Z", "ms": 276891413121.6108 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-09T20:32:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T20:32:17Z", "ms": 276813136688.3665 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-10T18:16:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T18:16:53Z", "ms": 276891413121.6108 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-09T11:55:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T11:55:11Z", "ms": 276782111325.3832 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-09T12:43:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-09T12:43:11Z", "ms": 276784991325.3832 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-10T11:54:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T11:54:55Z", "ms": 276868495143.6449 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-10T12:42:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T12:42:55Z", "ms": 276871375143.6449 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 20:32 on Mon 9 Oct to 18:17 on Tue 10 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-09T20:32:17Z → 1978-10-10T18:16:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 9th, 11:55–12:43 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20038 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mahānavamī 1978 falls on Tuesday 10 October. Navamī runs from 20:32 on Mon 9 Oct to 18:17 on Tue 10 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-11", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 46, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-10T18:16:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T18:16:53Z", "ms": 276891413121.6108 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-11T15:58:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T15:58:40Z", "ms": 276969519521.0079 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "1978-10-10T18:16:53+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T18:16:53Z", "ms": 276891413121.6108 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-11T14:08:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T14:08:36Z", "ms": 276962916175.14343 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "1978-10-10T15:42:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T15:42:18Z", "ms": 276882138499.87946 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-11T14:08:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T14:08:36Z", "ms": 276962916175.14343 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-10T06:21:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T06:21:43Z", "ms": 276848502715.0761 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-10T18:16:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-10T18:16:08Z", "ms": 276891367572.21375 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 714, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-11T06:21:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T06:21:47Z", "ms": 276934907295.0027 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-11T18:15:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T18:15:32Z", "ms": 276977731519.8931 } }, "covered_min": 467, "window_min": 714, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 18:17 on Tue 10 Oct to 15:59 on Wed 11 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 15:42 on Tue 10 Oct to 14:09 on Wed 11 Oct. They are together from 18:17 on Tue 10 Oct to 14:09 on Wed 11 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-10T18:16:53Z → 1978-10-11T14:08:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 06:22–18:16 on the 10th, 06:22–18:16 on the 11th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 0 of 714 minutes on the 10th and 467 of 714 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 46 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-11", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1978 falls on Wednesday 11 October. Daśamī runs from 18:17 on Tue 10 Oct to 15:59 on Wed 11 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 467 minutes. It is 0 min 46 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-10-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26355, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-11T15:58:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T15:58:40Z", "ms": 276969519521.0079 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-12T13:41:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-12T13:41:08Z", "ms": 277047667594.5804 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-11T15:58:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T15:58:40Z", "ms": 276969519521.0079 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-12T13:41:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-12T13:41:08Z", "ms": 277047667594.5804 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-11T06:21:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T06:21:47Z", "ms": 276934907295.0027 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-11T06:21:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-11T06:21:47Z", "ms": 276934907295.0027 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-12T06:21:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-12T06:21:52Z", "ms": 277021312274.55 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-12T06:21:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-12T06:21:52Z", "ms": 277021312274.55 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:59 on Wed 11 Oct to 13:41 on Thu 12 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-11T15:58:40Z → 1978-10-12T13:41:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:22 on the 11th and 06:22 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26355 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Thursday 12 October. Ekādaśī runs from 15:59 on Wed 11 Oct to 13:41 on Thu 12 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-10-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-10-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24358, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-13T11:28:23+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-13T11:28:23Z", "ms": 277126103470.94995 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-14T09:25:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-14T09:25:13Z", "ms": 277205112693.0177 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-13T11:28:23+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-13T11:28:23Z", "ms": 277126103470.94995 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-14T09:25:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-14T09:25:13Z", "ms": 277205112693.0177 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-13T18:14:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-13T18:14:21Z", "ms": 277150461039.17114 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-13T19:51:23+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-13T19:51:23Z", "ms": 277156282700.9988 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-14T18:13:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-14T18:13:47Z", "ms": 277236826662.56024 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-14T19:50:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-14T19:50:54Z", "ms": 277242653746.00226 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:28 on Fri 13 Oct to 09:25 on Sat 14 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-13T11:28:23Z → 1978-10-14T09:25:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:14–19:51 on the 13th, 18:14–19:51 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 97 of 97 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 97 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24358 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Friday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Friday 13 October. Trayodaśī runs from 11:28 on Fri 13 Oct to 09:25 on Sat 14 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-10-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30762, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-19T04:48:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T04:48:28Z", "ms": 277620508303.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-20T05:35:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-20T05:35:21Z", "ms": 277709721339.599 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-19T04:48:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T04:48:28Z", "ms": 277620508303.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-20T05:35:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-20T05:35:21Z", "ms": 277709721339.599 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-18T20:14:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-18T20:14:43Z", "ms": 277589682805.6859 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-18T20:14:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-18T20:14:43Z", "ms": 277589682805.6859 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-19T21:02:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T21:02:39Z", "ms": 277678959156.0848 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-19T21:02:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T21:02:39Z", "ms": 277678959156.0848 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:48 on Thu 19 Oct to 05:35 on Fri 20 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-19T04:48:28Z → 1978-10-20T05:35:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:15 on the 18th and 21:03 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30762 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1978 falls on Thursday 19 October. Caturthī runs from 04:48 on Thu 19 Oct to 05:35 on Fri 20 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-10-19", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30762, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-19T04:48:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T04:48:28Z", "ms": 277620508303.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-20T05:35:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-20T05:35:21Z", "ms": 277709721339.599 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-19T04:48:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T04:48:28Z", "ms": 277620508303.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-20T05:35:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-20T05:35:21Z", "ms": 277709721339.599 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-18T20:14:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-18T20:14:43Z", "ms": 277589682805.6859 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-18T20:14:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-18T20:14:43Z", "ms": 277589682805.6859 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-19T21:02:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T21:02:39Z", "ms": 277678959156.0848 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-19T21:02:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-19T21:02:39Z", "ms": 277678959156.0848 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:48 on Thu 19 Oct to 05:35 on Fri 20 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-19T04:48:28Z → 1978-10-20T05:35:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:15 on the 18th and 21:03 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30762 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Thursday 19 October. Caturthī runs from 04:48 on Thu 19 Oct to 05:35 on Fri 20 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-10-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40423, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-23T11:18:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-23T11:18:25Z", "ms": 277989505327.0454 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-24T13:50:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-24T13:50:11Z", "ms": 278085010950.7173 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-23T11:18:25+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-23T11:18:25Z", "ms": 277989505327.0454 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-24T13:50:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-24T13:50:11Z", "ms": 278085010950.7173 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-24T00:16:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-24T00:16:03Z", "ms": 278036163299.5115 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-24T00:16:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-24T00:16:03Z", "ms": 278036163299.5115 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-25T01:03:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-25T01:03:54Z", "ms": 278125433574.9938 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-25T01:03:54+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-25T01:03:54Z", "ms": 278125433574.9938 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:18 on Mon 23 Oct to 13:50 on Tue 24 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-23T11:18:25Z → 1978-10-24T13:50:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:16 on the 23rd and 01:04 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 40423 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Bamako, 1978: Monday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1978 falls on Monday 23 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:18 on Mon 23 Oct to 13:50 on Tue 24 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-10-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37063, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-26T18:27:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-26T18:27:26Z", "ms": 278274445828.2684 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-27T20:06:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T20:06:37Z", "ms": 278366797094.96136 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-26T18:27:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-26T18:27:26Z", "ms": 278274445828.2684 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-27T20:06:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T20:06:37Z", "ms": 278366797094.96136 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-27T06:24:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T06:24:06Z", "ms": 278317446496.09595 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-27T06:24:06+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T06:24:06Z", "ms": 278317446496.09595 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T06:24:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T06:24:20Z", "ms": 278403860029.547 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-28T06:24:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T06:24:20Z", "ms": 278403860029.547 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:27 on Thu 26 Oct to 20:07 on Fri 27 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-26T18:27:26Z → 1978-10-27T20:06:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:24 on the 27th and 06:24 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37063 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Ramā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Friday 27 October. Ekādaśī runs from 18:27 on Thu 26 Oct to 20:07 on Fri 27 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-10-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1257, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-27T20:06:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T20:06:37Z", "ms": 278366797094.96136 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-28T21:07:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z", "ms": 278456857775.60333 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-27T20:06:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T20:06:37Z", "ms": 278366797094.96136 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-28T21:07:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z", "ms": 278456857775.60333 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-27T18:07:24+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T18:07:24Z", "ms": 278359644349.7992 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-27T19:45:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-27T19:45:40Z", "ms": 278365539773.76556 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T18:07:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T18:07:01Z", "ms": 278446020686.2427 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-28T19:45:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T19:45:21Z", "ms": 278451921152.7283 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 20:07 on Fri 27 Oct to 21:08 on Sat 28 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-27T20:06:37Z → 1978-10-28T21:07:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:07–19:46 on the 27th, 18:07–19:45 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 98 minutes on the 27th and 98 of 98 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1257 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1978 falls on Saturday 28 October. Dvādaśī runs from 20:07 on Fri 27 Oct to 21:08 on Sat 28 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4937, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T21:07:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z", "ms": 278456857775.60333 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-29T21:27:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T21:07:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z", "ms": 278456857775.60333 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-29T21:27:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T18:07:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T18:07:01Z", "ms": 278446020686.2427 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-28T19:45:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T19:45:21Z", "ms": 278451921152.7283 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T18:06:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T18:06:38Z", "ms": 278532397937.5637 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-29T19:45:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T19:45:03Z", "ms": 278538303407.89136 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:08 on Sat 28 Oct to 21:27 on Sun 29 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z → 1978-10-29T21:27:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:07–19:45 on the 28th, 18:07–19:45 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 98 minutes on the 28th and 98 of 98 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4937 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yama Dīpadāna 1978 falls on Sunday 29 October. Trayodaśī runs from 21:08 on Sat 28 Oct to 21:27 on Sun 29 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-10-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4937, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T21:07:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z", "ms": 278456857775.60333 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-29T21:27:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T21:07:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z", "ms": 278456857775.60333 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-29T21:27:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-28T18:07:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T18:07:01Z", "ms": 278446020686.2427 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-28T19:45:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-28T19:45:21Z", "ms": 278451921152.7283 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T18:06:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T18:06:38Z", "ms": 278532397937.5637 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-29T19:45:03+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T19:45:03Z", "ms": 278538303407.89136 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:08 on Sat 28 Oct to 21:27 on Sun 29 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-28T21:07:38Z → 1978-10-29T21:27:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:07–19:45 on the 28th, 18:07–19:45 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 98 minutes on the 28th and 98 of 98 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4937 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 29 October. Trayodaśī runs from 21:08 on Sat 28 Oct to 21:27 on Sun 29 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-10-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-10-29", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8683, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T21:27:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T21:05:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T21:27:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T21:05:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T23:51:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T23:51:43Z", "ms": 278553103451.29224 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T00:39:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T00:39:43Z", "ms": 278555983451.29224 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T23:51:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T23:51:40Z", "ms": 278639500244.9793 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T00:39:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T00:39:40Z", "ms": 278642380244.9793 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:27 on Sun 29 Oct to 21:05 on Mon 30 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z → 1978-10-30T21:05:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 29th, 23:52–00:40 on the 30th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8683 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Sunday 29 October. Caturdaśī runs from 21:27 on Sun 29 Oct to 21:05 on Mon 30 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-10-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26363, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T21:27:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T21:05:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-29T21:27:00+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z", "ms": 278544420079.29614 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T21:05:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T04:46:23+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T04:46:23Z", "ms": 278570783494.6932 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T06:24:49+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T06:24:49Z", "ms": 278576688965.0208 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T04:46:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T04:46:34Z", "ms": 278657193937.6678 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T06:25:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T06:25:04Z", "ms": 278663104371.3727 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:27 on Sun 29 Oct to 21:05 on Mon 30 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-29T21:27:00Z → 1978-10-30T21:05:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:46–06:25 on the 30th, 04:47–06:25 on the 31st.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 99 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26363 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Bamako, 1978: Monday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1978 falls on Monday 30 October. Caturdaśī runs from 21:27 on Sun 29 Oct to 21:05 on Mon 30 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9979, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T21:05:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T20:06:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T21:05:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T20:06:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T23:51:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T23:51:40Z", "ms": 278639500244.9793 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T00:39:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T00:39:40Z", "ms": 278642380244.9793 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T23:51:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T23:51:38Z", "ms": 278725897823.40515 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T00:39:38+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T00:39:38Z", "ms": 278728777823.40515 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 21:05 on Mon 30 Oct to 20:07 on Tue 31 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z → 1978-10-31T20:06:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 30th, 23:52–00:40 on the 31st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9979 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Bamako, 1978: Monday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kālī Pūjā 1978 falls on Monday 30 October. Amāvasyā runs from 21:05 on Mon 30 Oct to 20:07 on Tue 31 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1321, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T21:05:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T20:06:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T21:05:21+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z", "ms": 278629521287.70807 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T20:06:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-30T18:06:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T18:06:16Z", "ms": 278618776118.58594 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-30T19:44:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-30T19:44:47Z", "ms": 278624686552.29083 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T18:05:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T18:05:55Z", "ms": 278705155242.9359 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T19:44:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T19:44:31Z", "ms": 278711070597.7277 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 21:05 on Mon 30 Oct to 20:07 on Tue 31 Oct.", "fact": "1978-10-30T21:05:21Z → 1978-10-31T20:06:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:06–19:45 on the 30th, 18:06–19:45 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 30th and 99 of 99 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1321 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1978 falls on Tuesday 31 October. Amāvasyā runs from 21:05 on Mon 30 Oct to 20:07 on Tue 31 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21423, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T20:06:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T18:36:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T20:06:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T18:36:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T11:51:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T11:51:30Z", "ms": 278682689807.1543 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T12:39:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T12:39:30Z", "ms": 278685569807.1543 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T11:51:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T11:51:28Z", "ms": 278769087863.5085 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T12:39:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T12:39:28Z", "ms": 278771967863.5085 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 20:07 on Tue 31 Oct to 18:37 on Wed 1 Nov.", "fact": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z → 1978-11-01T18:36:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 31st, 11:51–12:39 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21423 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Govardhana Pūjā 1978 falls on Wednesday 1 November. Pratipadā runs from 20:07 on Tue 31 Oct to 18:37 on Wed 1 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1321, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T20:06:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T18:36:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T20:06:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T18:36:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T18:05:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T18:05:55Z", "ms": 278705155242.9359 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T19:44:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T19:44:31Z", "ms": 278711070597.7277 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T18:05:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:05:35Z", "ms": 278791535323.1426 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T19:44:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T19:44:16Z", "ms": 278797455554.86786 } }, "covered_min": 31, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 20:07 on Tue 31 Oct to 18:37 on Wed 1 Nov.", "fact": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z → 1978-11-01T18:36:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:06–19:45 on the 31st, 18:06–19:44 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 31st and 31 of 99 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1321 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Bali Pūjā 1978 falls on Wednesday 1 November. Pratipadā runs from 20:07 on Tue 31 Oct to 18:37 on Wed 1 Nov and covers 31 of 99 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29865, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T20:06:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T18:36:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T20:06:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z", "ms": 278712391305.6291 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T18:36:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-10-31T06:25:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T06:25:04Z", "ms": 278663104371.3727 }, "end": { "local": "1978-10-31T10:18:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-10-31T10:18:41Z", "ms": 278677121328.5604 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 234, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T06:25:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T06:25:20Z", "ms": 278749520403.8744 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T10:18:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T10:18:45Z", "ms": 278763525376.9638 } }, "covered_min": 233, "window_min": 233, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 20:07 on Tue 31 Oct to 18:37 on Wed 1 Nov.", "fact": "1978-10-31T20:06:31Z → 1978-11-01T18:36:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:25–10:19 on the 31st, 06:25–10:19 on the 1st.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 234 minutes on the 31st and 233 of 233 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29865 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Dyūta Pratipad 1978 falls on Wednesday 1 November. Pratipadā runs from 20:07 on Tue 31 Oct to 18:37 on Wed 1 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14585, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T18:36:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-02T16:42:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-02T16:42:32Z", "ms": 278872951974.18976 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T18:36:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z", "ms": 278793390638.82684 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-02T16:42:32+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-02T16:42:32Z", "ms": 278872951974.18976 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-01T11:51:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T11:51:28Z", "ms": 278769087863.5085 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-01T12:39:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-01T12:39:28Z", "ms": 278771967863.5085 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-02T11:51:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-02T11:51:27Z", "ms": 278855486715.9235 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-02T12:39:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-02T12:39:27Z", "ms": 278858366715.9235 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 18:37 on Wed 1 Nov to 16:43 on Thu 2 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-01T18:36:31Z → 1978-11-02T16:42:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 1st, 11:51–12:39 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14585 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Bamako, 1978: Thursday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1978 falls on Thursday 2 November. Dvitīyā runs from 18:37 on Wed 1 Nov to 16:43 on Thu 2 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1281, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T14:32:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T14:32:11Z", "ms": 278951530988.9985 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-04T12:12:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T12:12:47Z", "ms": 279029567326.3799 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T14:32:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T14:32:11Z", "ms": 278951530988.9985 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-04T12:12:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T12:12:47Z", "ms": 279029567326.3799 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T11:51:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T11:51:26Z", "ms": 278941886368.5452 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-03T12:39:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T12:39:26Z", "ms": 278944766368.5452 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-04T11:51:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T11:51:27Z", "ms": 279028286824.9784 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-04T12:39:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T12:39:27Z", "ms": 279031166824.9784 } }, "covered_min": 21, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:32 on Fri 3 Nov to 12:13 on Sat 4 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-03T14:32:11Z → 1978-11-04T12:12:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 3rd, 11:51–12:39 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 21 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1281 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nāga Caturthī 1978 falls on Saturday 4 November. Caturthī runs from 14:32 on Fri 3 Nov to 12:13 on Sat 4 Nov and covers 21 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-11-04", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1281, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T14:32:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T14:32:11Z", "ms": 278951530988.9985 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-04T12:12:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T12:12:47Z", "ms": 279029567326.3799 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T14:32:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T14:32:11Z", "ms": 278951530988.9985 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-04T12:12:47+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T12:12:47Z", "ms": 279029567326.3799 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-03T11:51:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T11:51:26Z", "ms": 278941886368.5452 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-03T12:39:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-03T12:39:26Z", "ms": 278944766368.5452 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-04T11:51:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T11:51:27Z", "ms": 279028286824.9784 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-04T12:39:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-04T12:39:27Z", "ms": 279031166824.9784 } }, "covered_min": 21, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:32 on Fri 3 Nov to 12:13 on Sat 4 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-03T14:32:11Z → 1978-11-04T12:12:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 3rd, 11:51–12:39 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 21 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1281 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Saturday 4 November. Caturthī runs from 14:32 on Fri 3 Nov to 12:13 on Sat 4 Nov and covers 21 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-11-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7233, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-05T09:50:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-05T09:50:55Z", "ms": 279107455019.23846 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-06T07:32:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-06T07:32:02Z", "ms": 279185522000.2818 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-05T09:50:55+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-05T09:50:55Z", "ms": 279107455019.23846 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-06T07:32:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-06T07:32:02Z", "ms": 279185522000.2818 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-05T11:51:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-05T11:51:28Z", "ms": 279114688088.62854 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-05T12:39:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-05T12:39:28Z", "ms": 279117568088.62854 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-06T11:51:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-06T11:51:30Z", "ms": 279201090163.0112 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-06T12:39:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-06T12:39:30Z", "ms": 279203970163.0112 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 09:51 on Sun 5 Nov to 07:32 on Mon 6 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-05T09:50:55Z → 1978-11-06T07:32:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 5th, 11:52–12:40 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7233 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 5 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1978 falls on Sunday 5 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 09:51 on Sun 5 Nov to 07:32 on Mon 6 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23474, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-07T05:20:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-07T05:20:19Z", "ms": 279264019443.6693 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-08T03:18:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z", "ms": 279343122372.57336 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-07T05:20:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-07T05:20:19Z", "ms": 279264019443.6693 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-08T03:18:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z", "ms": 279343122372.57336 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-07T11:51:33+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-07T11:51:33Z", "ms": 279287493051.9594 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-07T12:39:33+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-07T12:39:33Z", "ms": 279290373051.9594 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T11:51:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T11:51:37Z", "ms": 279373896759.70483 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-08T12:39:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T12:39:37Z", "ms": 279376776759.70483 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 05:20 on Tue 7 Nov to 03:19 on Wed 8 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-07T05:20:19Z → 1978-11-08T03:18:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 7th, 11:52–12:40 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23474 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Gopāṣṭamī 1978 falls on Tuesday 7 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 05:20 on Tue 7 Nov to 03:19 on Wed 8 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11328, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T03:18:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z", "ms": 279343122372.57336 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-09T01:29:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T01:29:02Z", "ms": 279422942353.4983 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T03:18:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z", "ms": 279343122372.57336 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-09T01:29:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T01:29:02Z", "ms": 279422942353.4983 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T06:27:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T06:27:30Z", "ms": 279354449937.70245 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-08T10:19:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T10:19:34Z", "ms": 279368374485.70404 } }, "covered_min": 232, "window_min": 232, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-09T06:27:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T06:27:51Z", "ms": 279440870871.60254 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-09T10:19:44+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T10:19:44Z", "ms": 279454784484.4306 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 232, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 03:19 on Wed 8 Nov to 01:29 on Thu 9 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z → 1978-11-09T01:29:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:27–10:20 on the 8th, 06:28–10:20 on the 9th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 232 of 232 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 232 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11328 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1978 falls on Wednesday 8 November. Navamī runs from 03:19 on Wed 8 Nov to 01:29 on Thu 9 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30774, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T03:18:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z", "ms": 279343122372.57336 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-09T01:29:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T01:29:02Z", "ms": 279422942353.4983 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T03:18:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z", "ms": 279343122372.57336 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-09T01:29:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T01:29:02Z", "ms": 279422942353.4983 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-08T11:51:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T11:51:37Z", "ms": 279373896759.70483 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-08T12:39:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-08T12:39:37Z", "ms": 279376776759.70483 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-09T11:51:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T11:51:41Z", "ms": 279460301290.84467 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-09T12:39:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T12:39:41Z", "ms": 279463181290.84467 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 03:19 on Wed 8 Nov to 01:29 on Thu 9 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-08T03:18:42Z → 1978-11-09T01:29:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 8th, 11:52–12:40 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30774 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Durgā Navamī 1978 falls on Wednesday 8 November. Navamī runs from 03:19 on Wed 8 Nov to 01:29 on Thu 9 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-11-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23741, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-09T23:52:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T23:52:31Z", "ms": 279503550943.7984 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-10T22:30:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-10T22:30:10Z", "ms": 279585009564.7574 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-09T23:52:31+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-09T23:52:31Z", "ms": 279503550943.7984 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-10T22:30:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-10T22:30:10Z", "ms": 279585009564.7574 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-10T06:28:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-10T06:28:12Z", "ms": 279527292403.0748 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-10T06:28:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-10T06:28:12Z", "ms": 279527292403.0748 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-11T06:28:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-11T06:28:35Z", "ms": 279613714529.43823 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-11T06:28:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-11T06:28:35Z", "ms": 279613714529.43823 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:53 on Thu 9 Nov to 22:30 on Fri 10 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-09T23:52:31Z → 1978-11-10T22:30:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:28 on the 10th and 06:29 on the 11th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23741 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Friday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Friday 10 November. Ekādaśī runs from 23:53 on Thu 9 Nov to 22:30 on Fri 10 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-11-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-11-12", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3088, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-11T21:23:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-11T21:23:19Z", "ms": 279667399035.4932 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-12T20:34:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-12T20:34:01Z", "ms": 279750841335.5682 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-11T21:23:19+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-11T21:23:19Z", "ms": 279667399035.4932 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-12T20:34:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-12T20:34:01Z", "ms": 279750841335.5682 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-11T18:03:11+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-11T18:03:11Z", "ms": 279655391155.9064 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-11T19:42:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-11T19:42:37Z", "ms": 279661357301.4993 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-12T18:03:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-12T18:03:02Z", "ms": 279741782497.91266 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-12T19:42:33+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-12T19:42:33Z", "ms": 279747752905.52716 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:23 on Sat 11 Nov to 20:34 on Sun 12 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-11T21:23:19Z → 1978-11-12T20:34:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:03–19:43 on the 11th, 18:03–19:43 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 99 minutes on the 11th and 100 of 100 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3088 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Sunday 12 November. Trayodaśī runs from 21:23 on Sat 11 Nov to 20:34 on Sun 12 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-11-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13632, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-11-13T20:05:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T20:05:07Z", "ms": 279835507432.119 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-14T20:00:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T20:00:07Z", "ms": 279921607319.1386 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-13T20:05:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T20:05:07Z", "ms": 279835507432.119 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-14T20:00:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T20:00:07Z", "ms": 279921607319.1386 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-13T23:52:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T23:52:20Z", "ms": 279849139690.935 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-14T00:40:20+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T00:40:20Z", "ms": 279852019690.935 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-14T23:52:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T23:52:29Z", "ms": 279935548698.1478 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-15T00:40:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-15T00:40:29Z", "ms": 279938428698.1478 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:05 on Mon 13 Nov to 20:00 on Tue 14 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-13T20:05:07Z → 1978-11-14T20:00:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:52–00:40 on the 13th, 23:52–00:40 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13632 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Bamako, 1978: Monday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Rāsayātrā 1978 falls on Monday 13 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 20:05 on Mon 13 Nov to 20:00 on Tue 14 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26391, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-11-13T20:05:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T20:05:07Z", "ms": 279835507432.119 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-14T20:00:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T20:00:07Z", "ms": 279921607319.1386 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-13T20:05:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T20:05:07Z", "ms": 279835507432.119 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-14T20:00:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T20:00:07Z", "ms": 279921607319.1386 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-13T11:52:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T11:52:08Z", "ms": 279805927745.0095 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-13T12:40:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-13T12:40:08Z", "ms": 279808807745.0095 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-14T11:52:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T11:52:16Z", "ms": 279892336462.4495 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-14T12:40:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-14T12:40:16Z", "ms": 279895216462.4495 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:05 on Mon 13 Nov to 20:00 on Tue 14 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-13T20:05:07Z → 1978-11-14T20:00:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 13th, 11:52–12:40 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26391 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1978 falls on Tuesday 14 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 20:05 on Mon 13 Nov to 20:00 on Tue 14 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-11-18", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7795, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-17T22:40:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-17T22:40:52Z", "ms": 280190451501.4525 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-19T00:36:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-19T00:36:16Z", "ms": 280283775689.0834 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-17T22:40:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-17T22:40:52Z", "ms": 280190451501.4525 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-19T00:36:16+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-19T00:36:16Z", "ms": 280283775689.0834 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-17T20:30:56+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-17T20:30:56Z", "ms": 280182656159.31885 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-17T20:30:56+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-17T20:30:56Z", "ms": 280182656159.31885 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-18T21:19:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-18T21:19:51Z", "ms": 280271990631.9844 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-18T21:19:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-18T21:19:51Z", "ms": 280271990631.9844 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:41 on Fri 17 Nov to 00:36 on Sun 19 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-17T22:40:52Z → 1978-11-19T00:36:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:31 on the 17th and 21:20 on the 18th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 17th and is on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7795 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Saturday 18 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Saturday 18 November. Caturthī runs from 22:41 on Fri 17 Nov to 00:36 on Sun 19 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-11-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-11-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25725, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-25T13:43:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-25T13:43:29Z", "ms": 280849408710.2897 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-26T14:10:23+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-26T14:10:23Z", "ms": 280937422856.2976 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-25T13:43:29+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-25T13:43:29Z", "ms": 280849408710.2897 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-26T14:10:23+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-26T14:10:23Z", "ms": 280937422856.2976 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-25T06:34:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-25T06:34:43Z", "ms": 280823683311.77856 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-25T06:34:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-25T06:34:43Z", "ms": 280823683311.77856 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-26T06:35:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-26T06:35:13Z", "ms": 280910113384.8382 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-26T06:35:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-26T06:35:13Z", "ms": 280910113384.8382 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:43 on Sat 25 Nov to 14:10 on Sun 26 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-25T13:43:29Z → 1978-11-26T14:10:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:35 on the 25th and 06:35 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25725 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 26 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 26 November. Ekādaśī runs from 13:43 on Sat 25 Nov to 14:10 on Sun 26 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-11-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-11-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15353, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-27T13:47:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-27T13:47:15Z", "ms": 281022435005.9818 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-28T12:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T12:36:35Z", "ms": 281104594748.31274 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-27T13:47:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-27T13:47:15Z", "ms": 281022435005.9818 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-28T12:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T12:36:35Z", "ms": 281104594748.31274 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-27T18:03:08+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-27T18:03:08Z", "ms": 281037787786.55817 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-27T19:43:33+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-27T19:43:33Z", "ms": 281043812707.6553 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-28T18:03:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T18:03:17Z", "ms": 281124197197.7539 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-28T19:43:45+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T19:43:45Z", "ms": 281130225021.6445 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:47 on Mon 27 Nov to 12:37 on Tue 28 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-27T13:47:15Z → 1978-11-28T12:36:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:03–19:44 on the 27th, 18:03–19:44 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 100 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15353 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Monday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 27 November. Trayodaśī runs from 13:47 on Mon 27 Nov to 12:37 on Tue 28 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-11-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-11-28", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36027, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-11-28T12:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T12:36:35Z", "ms": 281104594748.31274 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-29T10:44:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-29T10:44:28Z", "ms": 281184268334.2261 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-11-28T12:36:35+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T12:36:35Z", "ms": 281104594748.31274 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-29T10:44:28+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-29T10:44:28Z", "ms": 281184268334.2261 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-27T23:55:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-27T23:55:41Z", "ms": 281058941240.67236 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-28T00:43:41+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T00:43:41Z", "ms": 281061821240.67236 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-11-28T23:56:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-28T23:56:02Z", "ms": 281145361537.34344 }, "end": { "local": "1978-11-29T00:44:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-11-29T00:44:02Z", "ms": 281148241537.34344 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:37 on Tue 28 Nov to 10:44 on Wed 29 Nov.", "fact": "1978-11-28T12:36:35Z → 1978-11-29T10:44:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:56–00:44 on the 27th, 23:56–00:44 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36027 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Tuesday 28 November. Caturdaśī runs from 12:37 on Tue 28 Nov to 10:44 on Wed 29 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-12-03", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27807, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-02T23:26:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-02T23:26:34Z", "ms": 281489193922.8197 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-03T20:29:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T20:29:04Z", "ms": 281564943818.92896 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-02T23:26:34+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-02T23:26:34Z", "ms": 281489193922.8197 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-03T20:29:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T20:29:04Z", "ms": 281564943818.92896 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-02T11:57:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-02T11:57:13Z", "ms": 281447833386.88586 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-02T12:45:13+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-02T12:45:13Z", "ms": 281450713386.88586 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-03T11:57:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T11:57:37Z", "ms": 281534256853.37964 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-03T12:45:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T12:45:37Z", "ms": 281537136853.37964 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:27 on Sat 2 Dec to 20:29 on Sun 3 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-02T23:26:34Z → 1978-12-03T20:29:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:57–12:45 on the 2nd, 11:58–12:46 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27807 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 3 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Vināyaka Caturthī 1978 falls on Sunday 3 December. Caturthī runs from 23:27 on Sat 2 Dec to 20:29 on Sun 3 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1978-12-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17979, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-03T20:29:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T20:29:04Z", "ms": 281564943818.92896 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-04T17:45:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z", "ms": 281641539924.3479 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-03T20:29:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T20:29:04Z", "ms": 281564943818.92896 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-04T17:45:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z", "ms": 281641539924.3479 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-03T11:57:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T11:57:37Z", "ms": 281534256853.37964 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-03T12:45:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-03T12:45:37Z", "ms": 281537136853.37964 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T11:58:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T11:58:01Z", "ms": 281620680907.93506 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-04T12:46:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T12:46:01Z", "ms": 281623560907.93506 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 20:29 on Sun 3 Dec to 17:46 on Mon 4 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-03T20:29:04Z → 1978-12-04T17:45:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 3rd, 11:58–12:46 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17979 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Bamako, 1978: Monday 4 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1978 falls on Monday 4 December. Pañcamī runs from 20:29 on Sun 3 Dec to 17:46 on Mon 4 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9361, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T17:45:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z", "ms": 281641539924.3479 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T15:22:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z", "ms": 281719346950.2179 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T17:45:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z", "ms": 281641539924.3479 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T15:22:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z", "ms": 281719346950.2179 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T11:58:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T11:58:01Z", "ms": 281620680907.93506 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-04T12:46:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T12:46:01Z", "ms": 281623560907.93506 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T11:58:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T11:58:26Z", "ms": 281707105523.1365 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T12:46:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T12:46:26Z", "ms": 281709985523.1365 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:46 on Mon 4 Dec to 15:22 on Tue 5 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z → 1978-12-05T15:22:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 4th, 11:58–12:46 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9361 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1978 falls on Tuesday 5 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:46 on Mon 4 Dec to 15:22 on Tue 5 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9361, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T17:45:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z", "ms": 281641539924.3479 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T15:22:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z", "ms": 281719346950.2179 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T17:45:40+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z", "ms": 281641539924.3479 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T15:22:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z", "ms": 281719346950.2179 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-04T11:58:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T11:58:01Z", "ms": 281620680907.93506 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-04T12:46:01+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-04T12:46:01Z", "ms": 281623560907.93506 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T11:58:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T11:58:26Z", "ms": 281707105523.1365 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T12:46:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T12:46:26Z", "ms": 281709985523.1365 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:46 on Mon 4 Dec to 15:22 on Tue 5 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-04T17:45:40Z → 1978-12-05T15:22:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 4th, 11:58–12:46 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9361 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Bamako, 1978: Tuesday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1978 falls on Tuesday 5 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 17:46 on Mon 4 Dec to 15:22 on Tue 5 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2200, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T15:22:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z", "ms": 281719346950.2179 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-06T13:23:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-06T13:23:30Z", "ms": 281798610412.03937 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T15:22:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z", "ms": 281719346950.2179 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-06T13:23:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-06T13:23:30Z", "ms": 281798610412.03937 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-05T11:58:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T11:58:26Z", "ms": 281707105523.1365 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-05T12:46:26+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-05T12:46:26Z", "ms": 281709985523.1365 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-06T11:58:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-06T11:58:51Z", "ms": 281793530671.9973 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-06T12:46:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-06T12:46:51Z", "ms": 281796410671.9973 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 15:22 on Tue 5 Dec to 13:24 on Wed 6 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-05T15:22:27Z → 1978-12-06T13:23:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 5th, 11:59–12:47 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2200 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 6 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mitra Saptamī 1978 falls on Wednesday 6 December. Saptamī runs from 15:22 on Tue 5 Dec to 13:24 on Wed 6 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-12-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11145, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-09T10:04:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-09T10:04:36Z", "ms": 282045876067.8037 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-10T09:48:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T09:48:27Z", "ms": 282131306864.3516 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-09T10:04:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-09T10:04:36Z", "ms": 282045876067.8037 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-10T09:48:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T09:48:27Z", "ms": 282131306864.3516 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-09T06:42:09+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-09T06:42:09Z", "ms": 282033729281.33655 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-09T06:42:09+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-09T06:42:09Z", "ms": 282033729281.33655 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-10T06:42:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T06:42:42Z", "ms": 282120162043.763 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-10T06:42:42+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T06:42:42Z", "ms": 282120162043.763 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:05 on Sat 9 Dec to 09:48 on Sun 10 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-09T10:04:36Z → 1978-12-10T09:48:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:42 on the 9th and 06:43 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11145 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 10 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 10 December. Ekādaśī runs from 10:05 on Sat 9 Dec to 09:48 on Sun 10 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-12-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7554, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-10T09:48:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T09:48:27Z", "ms": 282131306864.3516 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-11T09:55:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T09:55:10Z", "ms": 282218109971.6272 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-10T09:48:27+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T09:48:27Z", "ms": 282131306864.3516 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-11T09:55:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T09:55:10Z", "ms": 282218109971.6272 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-10T12:00:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T12:00:36Z", "ms": 282139236077.64185 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-10T12:48:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-10T12:48:36Z", "ms": 282142116077.64185 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-11T12:01:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T12:01:04Z", "ms": 282225663501.22205 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-11T12:49:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T12:49:04Z", "ms": 282228543501.22205 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 09:48 on Sun 10 Dec to 09:55 on Mon 11 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-10T09:48:27Z → 1978-12-11T09:55:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:01–12:49 on the 10th, 12:01–12:49 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7554 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 10 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1978 falls on Sunday 10 December. Dvādaśī runs from 09:48 on Sun 10 Dec to 09:55 on Mon 11 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-12-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27785, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-11T09:55:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T09:55:10Z", "ms": 282218109971.6272 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-12T10:24:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-12T10:24:10Z", "ms": 282306250038.58234 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-11T09:55:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T09:55:10Z", "ms": 282218109971.6272 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-12T10:24:10+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-12T10:24:10Z", "ms": 282306250038.58234 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-11T18:06:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T18:06:52Z", "ms": 282247612247.4872 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-11T19:47:48+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-11T19:47:48Z", "ms": 282253667599.0236 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-12T18:07:15+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-12T18:07:15Z", "ms": 282334035218.1014 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-12T19:48:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-12T19:48:12Z", "ms": 282340091842.3453 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:55 on Mon 11 Dec to 10:24 on Tue 12 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-11T09:55:10Z → 1978-12-12T10:24:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:07–19:48 on the 11th, 18:07–19:48 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 101 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27785 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Monday 11 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Monday 11 December. Trayodaśī runs from 09:55 on Mon 11 Dec to 10:24 on Tue 12 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-12-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20245, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1978-12-13T11:15:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-13T11:15:43Z", "ms": 282395742977.13165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-14T12:30:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-14T12:30:39Z", "ms": 282486638755.6932 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-13T11:15:43+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-13T11:15:43Z", "ms": 282395742977.13165 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-14T12:30:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-14T12:30:39Z", "ms": 282486638755.6932 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-13T18:07:39+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-13T18:07:39Z", "ms": 282420459000.4485 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-13T19:48:37+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-13T19:48:37Z", "ms": 282426516769.9249 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-14T18:08:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-14T18:08:04Z", "ms": 282506883570.7027 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-14T19:49:02+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-14T19:49:02Z", "ms": 282512942356.9156 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:16 on Wed 13 Dec to 12:31 on Thu 14 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-13T11:15:43Z → 1978-12-14T12:30:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:08–19:49 on the 13th, 18:08–19:49 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 101 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20245 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 13 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1978 falls on Wednesday 13 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:16 on Wed 13 Dec to 12:31 on Thu 14 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-12-17", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1427, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-17T18:35:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-17T18:35:51Z", "ms": 282767751044.7938 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-18T21:14:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-18T21:14:17Z", "ms": 282863657110.2792 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-17T18:35:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-17T18:35:51Z", "ms": 282767751044.7938 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-18T21:14:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-18T21:14:17Z", "ms": 282863657110.2792 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-17T20:50:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-17T20:50:18Z", "ms": 282775818144.5406 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-17T20:50:18+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-17T20:50:18Z", "ms": 282775818144.5406 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1978-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-18T21:38:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-18T21:38:04Z", "ms": 282865084116.4149 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-18T21:38:04+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-18T21:38:04Z", "ms": 282865084116.4149 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:36 on Sun 17 Dec to 21:14 on Mon 18 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-17T18:35:51Z → 1978-12-18T21:14:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:50 on the 17th and 21:38 on the 18th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 17th and is not on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1427 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Bamako, 1978: Sunday 17 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1978 falls on Sunday 17 December. Caturthī runs from 18:36 on Sun 17 Dec to 21:14 on Mon 18 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1978-12-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-12-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1409, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-25T07:13:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-25T07:13:58Z", "ms": 283418038299.70087 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-26T06:18:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-26T06:18:12Z", "ms": 283501091673.3971 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-25T07:13:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-25T07:13:58Z", "ms": 283418038299.70087 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-26T06:18:12+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-26T06:18:12Z", "ms": 283501091673.3971 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-25T06:50:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-25T06:50:30Z", "ms": 283416629602.2234 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-25T06:50:30+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-25T06:50:30Z", "ms": 283416629602.2234 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-26T06:50:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-26T06:50:58Z", "ms": 283503057700.86847 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-26T06:50:58+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-26T06:50:58Z", "ms": 283503057700.86847 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:14 on Mon 25 Dec to 06:18 on Tue 26 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-25T07:13:58Z → 1978-12-26T06:18:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:50 on the 25th and 06:51 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 1409 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Bamako, 1978: Monday 25 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1978 falls on Monday 25 December. Ekādaśī runs from 07:14 on Mon 25 Dec to 06:18 on Tue 26 Dec, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/ekadashi?on=1978-12-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-12-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22075, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-27T04:32:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-27T04:32:14Z", "ms": 283581134138.6193 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-28T02:03:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T02:03:17Z", "ms": 283658596654.9588 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-27T04:32:14+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-27T04:32:14Z", "ms": 283581134138.6193 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-28T02:03:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T02:03:17Z", "ms": 283658596654.9588 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-26T18:13:50+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-26T18:13:50Z", "ms": 283544029776.7651 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-26T19:54:51+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-26T19:54:51Z", "ms": 283550090503.1128 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-27T18:14:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-27T18:14:22Z", "ms": 283630461944.49115 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-27T19:55:22+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-27T19:55:22Z", "ms": 283636521970.2189 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:32 on Wed 27 Dec to 02:03 on Thu 28 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-27T04:32:14Z → 1978-12-28T02:03:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:14–19:55 on the 26th, 18:14–19:55 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 26th and 101 of 101 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22075 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 27 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1978 falls on Wednesday 27 December. Trayodaśī runs from 04:32 on Wed 27 Dec to 02:03 on Thu 28 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/pradosha-vrata?on=1978-12-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-12-27", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "2460596", "year": 1978, "local_date": "1978-12-27", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3970, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1978-12-28T02:03:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T02:03:17Z", "ms": 283658596654.9588 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-28T23:00:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T23:00:52Z", "ms": 283734052392.6374 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1978-12-28T02:03:17+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T02:03:17Z", "ms": 283658596654.9588 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-28T23:00:52+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T23:00:52Z", "ms": 283734052392.6374 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1978-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-28T00:09:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T00:09:07Z", "ms": 283651747040.97003 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-28T00:57:07+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-28T00:57:07Z", "ms": 283654627040.97003 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1978-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1978-12-29T00:09:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-29T00:09:36Z", "ms": 283738176429.02014 }, "end": { "local": "1978-12-29T00:57:36+00:00", "utc": "1978-12-29T00:57:36Z", "ms": 283741056429.02014 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:03 on Thu 28 Dec to 23:01 on Thu 28 Dec.", "fact": "1978-12-28T02:03:17Z → 1978-12-28T23:00:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:09–00:57 on the 27th, 00:10–00:58 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither night qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 3970 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Bamako, 1978: Wednesday 27 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-27", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1978-12-27", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Bamako, Śivarātri 1978 falls on Wednesday 27 December. Caturdaśī runs from 02:03 on Thu 28 Dec to 23:01 on Thu 28 Dec, and reaches niśītha on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/bamako/festivals/1978/shivaratri?on=1978-12-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }