{ "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908", "place": { "id": "360630", "slug": "cairo", "name": "Cairo", "region": "Egypt", "country": "EG", "lat": 30.06263, "lon": 31.24967, "elevation_m": 23, "tz": "Africa/Cairo" }, "year": 1908, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-01-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28058, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-01-01T09:17:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-01T07:17:30Z", "ms": -1956588149800.002 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-02T06:29:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-02T04:29:49Z", "ms": -1956511811339.2937 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-01-01T09:17:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-01T07:17:30Z", "ms": -1956588149800.002 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-02T06:29:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-02T04:29:49Z", "ms": -1956511811339.2937 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-01T17:05:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-01T15:05:08Z", "ms": -1956560091707.5876 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-01T18:55:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-01T16:55:19Z", "ms": -1956553480962.8977 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-01-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-02T17:05:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-02T15:05:50Z", "ms": -1956473649889.2166 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-02T18:55:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-02T16:55:57Z", "ms": -1956467042781.5356 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:18 on Wed 1 Jan to 06:30 on Thu 2 Jan.", "fact": "1908-01-01T07:17:30Z → 1908-01-02T04:29:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:05–18:55 on the 1st, 17:06–18:56 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 110 of 110 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 110 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28058 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 1 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Wednesday 1 January. Trayodaśī runs from 09:18 on Wed 1 Jan to 06:30 on Thu 2 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-01-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-01-02", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10345, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-01-02T06:29:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-02T04:29:49Z", "ms": -1956511811339.2937 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-03T03:15:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-03T01:15:12Z", "ms": -1956437088095.0986 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-01-02T06:29:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-02T04:29:49Z", "ms": -1956511811339.2937 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-03T03:15:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-03T01:15:12Z", "ms": -1956437088095.0986 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-01T23:34:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-01T21:34:19Z", "ms": -1956536741415.0005 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-02T00:22:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-01T22:22:19Z", "ms": -1956533861415.0005 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-01-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-02T23:34:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-02T21:34:47Z", "ms": -1956450313235.413 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-03T00:22:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-02T22:22:47Z", "ms": -1956447433235.413 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:30 on Thu 2 Jan to 03:15 on Fri 3 Jan.", "fact": "1908-01-02T04:29:49Z → 1908-01-03T01:15:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:34–00:22 on the 1st, 23:35–00:23 on the 2nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10345 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 2 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śivarātri 1908 falls on Thursday 2 January. Caturdaśī runs from 06:30 on Thu 2 Jan to 03:15 on Fri 3 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-01-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-01-07", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2307, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-01-06T13:02:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-06T11:02:59Z", "ms": -1956142621457.3728 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-07T10:00:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-07T08:00:11Z", "ms": -1956067188611.934 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-01-06T13:02:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-06T11:02:59Z", "ms": -1956142621457.3728 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-07T10:00:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-07T08:00:11Z", "ms": -1956067188611.934 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-06T11:36:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-06T09:36:32Z", "ms": -1956147808136.2227 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-06T12:24:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-06T10:24:32Z", "ms": -1956144928136.2227 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-07T11:36:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-07T09:36:59Z", "ms": -1956061381092.4688 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-07T12:24:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-07T10:24:59Z", "ms": -1956058501092.4688 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:03 on Mon 6 Jan to 10:00 on Tue 7 Jan.", "fact": "1908-01-06T11:02:59Z → 1908-01-07T08:00:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 6th, 11:37–12:25 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 2307 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vināyaka Caturthī 1908 falls on Tuesday 7 January. Caturthī runs from 13:03 on Mon 6 Jan to 10:00 on Tue 7 Jan, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 43216, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T05:14:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z", "ms": -1955479504547.187 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-12T18:12:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-12T16:12:24Z", "ms": -1952927255500.0432 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T05:14:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z", "ms": -1955479504547.187 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-14T05:14:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z", "ms": -1955479504547.187 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-13T17:14:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-13T15:14:21Z", "ms": -1955522738538.5354 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-14T17:15:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T15:15:11Z", "ms": -1955436288582.0908 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T17:15:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T15:15:11Z", "ms": -1955436288582.0908 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-15T17:16:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-15T15:16:02Z", "ms": -1955349838230.0986 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1908-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:15 on Tue 14 Jan.", "fact": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:15, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:16.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 43216 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Tuesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Cairo, 1908: Monday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1908-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1908-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Bhogi 1908 falls on Monday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Tuesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:15 on Tue 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 12 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-01-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2499, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-01-13T04:44:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-13T02:44:15Z", "ms": -1955567745216.9795 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-14T06:10:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T04:10:56Z", "ms": -1955476144136.461 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-01-13T04:44:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-13T02:44:15Z", "ms": -1955567745216.9795 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-14T06:10:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T04:10:56Z", "ms": -1955476144136.461 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-13T06:52:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-13T04:52:39Z", "ms": -1955560041466.6956 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-13T06:52:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-13T04:52:39Z", "ms": -1955560041466.6956 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T06:52:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T04:52:35Z", "ms": -1955473645237.2405 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-14T06:52:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T04:52:35Z", "ms": -1955473645237.2405 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:44 on Mon 13 Jan to 06:11 on Tue 14 Jan.", "fact": "1908-01-13T02:44:15Z → 1908-01-14T04:10:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:53 on the 13th and 06:53 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2499 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Monday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Putradā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Monday 13 January. Ekādaśī runs from 04:44 on Mon 13 Jan to 06:11 on Tue 14 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-01-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 43216, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T05:14:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z", "ms": -1955479504547.187 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-12T18:12:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-12T16:12:24Z", "ms": -1952927255500.0432 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T05:14:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z", "ms": -1955479504547.187 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-14T05:14:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z", "ms": -1955479504547.187 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-13T17:14:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-13T15:14:21Z", "ms": -1955522738538.5354 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-14T17:15:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T15:15:11Z", "ms": -1955436288582.0908 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T17:15:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T15:15:11Z", "ms": -1955436288582.0908 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-15T17:16:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-15T15:16:02Z", "ms": -1955349838230.0986 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:15 on Tue 14 Jan.", "fact": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:15, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:16.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 43216 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1908-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1908-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Pongal 1908 falls on Tuesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:15 on Tue 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18895, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T05:14:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z", "ms": -1955479504547.187 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-12T18:12:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-12T16:12:24Z", "ms": -1952927255500.0432 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T05:14:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z", "ms": -1955479504547.187 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-14T05:14:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z", "ms": -1955479504547.187 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-13T00:00:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-12T22:00:00Z", "ms": -1955584800000 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-14T00:00:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-13T22:00:00Z", "ms": -1955498400000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T00:00:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-13T22:00:00Z", "ms": -1955498400000 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-15T00:00:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T22:00:00Z", "ms": -1955412000000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:15 on Tue 14 Jan.", "fact": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Cairo.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Africa/Cairo" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 18895 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1908-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1908-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Makara Saṅkrānti 1908 falls on Tuesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:15 on Tue 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 43216, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T05:14:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z", "ms": -1955479504547.187 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-12T18:12:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-12T16:12:24Z", "ms": -1952927255500.0432 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T05:14:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z", "ms": -1955479504547.187 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-14T05:14:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z", "ms": -1955479504547.187 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-13T17:14:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-13T15:14:21Z", "ms": -1955522738538.5354 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-14T17:15:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T15:15:11Z", "ms": -1955436288582.0908 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-14T17:15:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-14T15:15:11Z", "ms": -1955436288582.0908 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-15T17:16:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-15T15:16:02Z", "ms": -1955349838230.0986 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1908-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:15 on Tue 14 Jan.", "fact": "1908-01-14T03:14:55Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:15, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:16.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 43216 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Tuesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1908-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1908-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Mattu Pongal 1908 falls on Wednesday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Tuesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:15 on Tue 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-01-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24765, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-01-15T08:06:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-15T06:06:35Z", "ms": -1955382804757.4707 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-16T10:24:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-16T08:24:07Z", "ms": -1955288153008.2712 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-01-15T08:06:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-15T06:06:35Z", "ms": -1955382804757.4707 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-16T10:24:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-16T08:24:07Z", "ms": -1955288153008.2712 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-15T17:16:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-15T15:16:02Z", "ms": -1955349838230.0986 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-15T19:04:52+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-15T17:04:52Z", "ms": -1955343307514.891 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-01-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-16T17:16:52+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-16T15:16:52Z", "ms": -1955263387521.103 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-16T19:05:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-16T17:05:35Z", "ms": -1955256864746.7417 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:07 on Wed 15 Jan to 10:24 on Thu 16 Jan.", "fact": "1908-01-15T06:06:35Z → 1908-01-16T08:24:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:16–19:05 on the 15th, 17:17–19:06 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 109 of 109 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 109 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24765 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Wednesday 15 January. Trayodaśī runs from 08:07 on Wed 15 Jan to 10:24 on Thu 16 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-01-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-01-22", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12231, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-01-21T23:22:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-21T21:22:24Z", "ms": -1954809455791.1292 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-23T01:30:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-22T23:30:51Z", "ms": -1954715349354.957 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-01-21T23:22:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-21T21:22:24Z", "ms": -1954809455791.1292 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-23T01:30:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-22T23:30:51Z", "ms": -1954715349354.957 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-21T19:58:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-21T17:58:33Z", "ms": -1954821686919.9414 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-21T19:58:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-21T17:58:33Z", "ms": -1954821686919.9414 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-22T20:52:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-22T18:52:27Z", "ms": -1954732053337.364 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-22T20:52:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-22T18:52:27Z", "ms": -1954732053337.364 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:22 on Tue 21 Jan to 01:31 on Thu 23 Jan.", "fact": "1908-01-21T21:22:24Z → 1908-01-22T23:30:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:59 on the 21st and 20:52 on the 22nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12231 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 22 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1908 falls on Wednesday 22 January. Caturthī runs from 23:22 on Tue 21 Jan to 01:31 on Thu 23 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-01-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-01-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15893, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-01-29T02:23:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-29T00:23:26Z", "ms": -1954193793552.599 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-30T00:07:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-29T22:07:25Z", "ms": -1954115555388.5479 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-01-29T02:23:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-29T00:23:26Z", "ms": -1954193793552.599 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-30T00:07:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-29T22:07:25Z", "ms": -1954115555388.5479 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-29T06:48:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-29T04:48:19Z", "ms": -1954177900518.4023 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-29T06:48:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-29T04:48:19Z", "ms": -1954177900518.4023 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-30T06:47:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-30T04:47:50Z", "ms": -1954091530204.5342 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-30T06:47:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-30T04:47:50Z", "ms": -1954091530204.5342 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:23 on Wed 29 Jan to 00:07 on Thu 30 Jan.", "fact": "1908-01-29T00:23:26Z → 1908-01-29T22:07:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:48 on the 29th and 06:48 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 29th and is not on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15893 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 29 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Wednesday 29 January. Ekādaśī runs from 02:23 on Wed 29 Jan to 00:07 on Thu 30 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-01-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-01-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1720, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-01-30T21:16:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-30T19:16:39Z", "ms": -1954039400634.9526 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-31T17:58:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-31T15:58:33Z", "ms": -1953964887284.187 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-01-30T21:16:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-30T19:16:39Z", "ms": -1954039400634.9526 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-31T17:58:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-31T15:58:33Z", "ms": -1953964887284.187 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-30T17:29:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-30T15:29:01Z", "ms": -1954053059373.7795 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-30T19:15:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-30T17:15:27Z", "ms": -1954046672975.0881 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-31T17:29:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-31T15:29:53Z", "ms": -1953966607308.4314 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-31T19:16:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-31T17:16:08Z", "ms": -1953960232205.8506 } }, "covered_min": 29, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:17 on Thu 30 Jan to 17:59 on Fri 31 Jan.", "fact": "1908-01-30T19:16:39Z → 1908-01-31T15:58:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:29–19:15 on the 30th, 17:30–19:16 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 30th and 29 of 106 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1720 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Friday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Friday 31 January. Trayodaśī runs from 21:17 on Thu 30 Jan to 17:59 on Fri 31 Jan and covers 29 of 106 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-01-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-01-31", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20747, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-01-31T17:58:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-31T15:58:33Z", "ms": -1953964887284.187 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-01T14:21:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-01T12:21:51Z", "ms": -1953891488982.1812 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-01-31T17:58:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-31T15:58:33Z", "ms": -1953964887284.187 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-01T14:21:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-01T12:21:51Z", "ms": -1953891488982.1812 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-31T23:44:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-31T21:44:19Z", "ms": -1953944140673.7537 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-01T00:32:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-31T22:32:19Z", "ms": -1953941260673.7537 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-01T23:44:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-01T21:44:28Z", "ms": -1953857731774.7766 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-02T00:32:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-01T22:32:28Z", "ms": -1953854851774.7766 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:59 on Fri 31 Jan to 14:22 on Sat 1 Feb.", "fact": "1908-01-31T15:58:33Z → 1908-02-01T12:21:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:44–00:32 on the 31st, 23:44–00:32 on the 1st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20747 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Friday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śivarātri 1908 falls on Friday 31 January. Caturdaśī runs from 17:59 on Fri 31 Jan to 14:22 on Sat 1 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-01-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27305, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-01-31T17:58:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-31T15:58:33Z", "ms": -1953964887284.187 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-01T14:21:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-01T12:21:51Z", "ms": -1953891488982.1812 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-01-31T17:58:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-31T15:58:33Z", "ms": -1953964887284.187 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-01T14:21:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-01T12:21:51Z", "ms": -1953891488982.1812 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-01-31T05:00:52+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-31T03:00:52Z", "ms": -1954011547782.285 }, "end": { "local": "1908-01-31T06:47:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-01-31T04:47:19Z", "ms": -1954005161383.5935 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-01T05:00:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-01T03:00:31Z", "ms": -1953925169141.6567 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-01T06:46:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-01T04:46:46Z", "ms": -1953918794039.076 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:59 on Fri 31 Jan to 14:22 on Sat 1 Feb.", "fact": "1908-01-31T15:58:33Z → 1908-02-01T12:21:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:01–06:47 on the 31st, 05:01–06:47 on the 1st.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 31st and 106 of 106 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27305 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Yama Tarpaṇa 1908 falls on Saturday 1 February. Caturdaśī runs from 17:59 on Fri 31 Jan to 14:22 on Sat 1 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32524, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-02-05T00:11:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-04T22:11:40Z", "ms": -1953596899618.2373 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-05T21:35:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T19:35:20Z", "ms": -1953519880178.951 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-02-05T00:11:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-04T22:11:40Z", "ms": -1953596899618.2373 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-05T21:35:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T19:35:20Z", "ms": -1953519880178.951 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-04T11:45:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-04T09:45:09Z", "ms": -1953641690777.4448 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-04T12:33:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-04T10:33:09Z", "ms": -1953638810777.4448 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-05T11:45:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T09:45:16Z", "ms": -1953555284462.662 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-05T12:33:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T10:33:16Z", "ms": -1953552404462.662 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:12 on Wed 5 Feb to 21:35 on Wed 5 Feb.", "fact": "1908-02-04T22:11:40Z → 1908-02-05T19:35:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 4th, 11:45–12:33 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32524 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1908 falls on Wednesday 5 February. Caturthī runs from 00:12 on Wed 5 Feb to 21:35 on Wed 5 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8154, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-02-05T00:11:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-04T22:11:40Z", "ms": -1953596899618.2373 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-05T21:35:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T19:35:20Z", "ms": -1953519880178.951 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-02-05T00:11:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-04T22:11:40Z", "ms": -1953596899618.2373 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-05T21:35:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T19:35:20Z", "ms": -1953519880178.951 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-04T17:33:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-04T15:33:19Z", "ms": -1953620800852.4727 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-04T19:18:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-04T17:18:47Z", "ms": -1953614472618.719 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-05T17:34:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T15:34:10Z", "ms": -1953534349826.0042 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-05T19:19:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T17:19:26Z", "ms": -1953528033700.6184 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:12 on Wed 5 Feb to 21:35 on Wed 5 Feb.", "fact": "1908-02-04T22:11:40Z → 1908-02-05T19:35:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:33–19:19 on the 4th, 17:34–19:19 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 4th and 105 of 105 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8154 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Tila Caturthī 1908 falls on Wednesday 5 February. Caturthī runs from 00:12 on Wed 5 Feb to 21:35 on Wed 5 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25612, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1908-02-05T21:35:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T19:35:20Z", "ms": -1953519880178.951 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-06T19:40:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-06T17:40:13Z", "ms": -1953440387121.7122 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-02-05T21:35:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T19:35:20Z", "ms": -1953519880178.951 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-06T19:40:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-06T17:40:13Z", "ms": -1953440387121.7122 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-05T11:45:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T09:45:16Z", "ms": -1953555284462.662 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-05T12:33:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T10:33:16Z", "ms": -1953552404462.662 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-06T11:45:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-06T09:45:21Z", "ms": -1953468878983.4958 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-06T12:33:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-06T10:33:21Z", "ms": -1953465998983.4958 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 21:35 on Wed 5 Feb to 19:40 on Thu 6 Feb.", "fact": "1908-02-05T19:35:20Z → 1908-02-06T17:40:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 5th, 11:45–12:33 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25612 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śrī Pañcamī 1908 falls on Thursday 6 February. Pañcamī runs from 21:35 on Wed 5 Feb to 19:40 on Thu 6 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25612, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1908-02-05T21:35:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T19:35:20Z", "ms": -1953519880178.951 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-06T19:40:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-06T17:40:13Z", "ms": -1953440387121.7122 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-02-05T21:35:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T19:35:20Z", "ms": -1953519880178.951 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-06T19:40:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-06T17:40:13Z", "ms": -1953440387121.7122 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-05T11:45:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T09:45:16Z", "ms": -1953555284462.662 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-05T12:33:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-05T10:33:16Z", "ms": -1953552404462.662 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-06T11:45:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-06T09:45:21Z", "ms": -1953468878983.4958 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-06T12:33:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-06T10:33:21Z", "ms": -1953465998983.4958 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 21:35 on Wed 5 Feb to 19:40 on Thu 6 Feb.", "fact": "1908-02-05T19:35:20Z → 1908-02-06T17:40:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 5th, 11:45–12:33 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25612 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vasanta Pañcamī 1908 falls on Thursday 6 February. Pañcamī runs from 21:35 on Wed 5 Feb to 19:40 on Thu 6 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37479, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1908-02-07T18:32:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-07T16:32:47Z", "ms": -1953358033415.8462 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-08T18:16:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-08T16:16:25Z", "ms": -1953272614752.35 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-02-07T18:32:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-07T16:32:47Z", "ms": -1953358033415.8462 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-08T18:16:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-08T16:16:25Z", "ms": -1953272614752.35 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-08T04:57:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-08T02:57:26Z", "ms": -1953320554016.3896 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-08T06:42:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-08T04:42:17Z", "ms": -1953314262536.2004 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-09T04:56:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-09T02:56:55Z", "ms": -1953234185305.6643 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-09T06:41:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-09T04:41:34Z", "ms": -1953227906350.9438 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 18:33 on Fri 7 Feb to 18:16 on Sat 8 Feb.", "fact": "1908-02-07T16:32:47Z → 1908-02-08T16:16:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:57–06:42 on the 8th, 04:57–06:42 on the 9th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 105 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37479 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Ratha Saptamī 1908 falls on Saturday 8 February. Saptamī runs from 18:33 on Fri 7 Feb to 18:16 on Sat 8 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-02-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21831, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-02-11T22:09:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-11T20:09:25Z", "ms": -1952999434932.8203 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-13T00:34:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-12T22:34:35Z", "ms": -1952904325128.1162 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-02-11T22:09:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-11T20:09:25Z", "ms": -1952999434932.8203 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-13T00:34:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-12T22:34:35Z", "ms": -1952904325128.1162 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-12T06:39:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-12T04:39:15Z", "ms": -1952968845428.886 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-12T06:39:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-12T04:39:15Z", "ms": -1952968845428.886 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-13T06:38:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-13T04:38:26Z", "ms": -1952882494237.7144 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-13T06:38:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-13T04:38:26Z", "ms": -1952882494237.7144 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:09 on Tue 11 Feb to 00:35 on Thu 13 Feb.", "fact": "1908-02-11T20:09:25Z → 1908-02-12T22:34:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:39 on the 12th and 06:38 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21831 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 12 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Jayā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Wednesday 12 February. Ekādaśī runs from 22:09 on Tue 11 Feb to 00:35 on Thu 13 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-02-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30645, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-02-13T00:34:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-12T22:34:35Z", "ms": -1952904325128.1162 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-14T03:14:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-14T01:14:50Z", "ms": -1952808309517.6895 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-02-13T00:34:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-12T22:34:35Z", "ms": -1952904325128.1162 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-14T03:14:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-14T01:14:50Z", "ms": -1952808309517.6895 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-13T11:45:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-13T09:45:36Z", "ms": -1952864063657.6821 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-13T12:33:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-13T10:33:36Z", "ms": -1952861183657.6821 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-14T11:45:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-14T09:45:35Z", "ms": -1952777664657.0781 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-14T12:33:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-14T10:33:35Z", "ms": -1952774784657.0781 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 00:35 on Thu 13 Feb to 03:15 on Fri 14 Feb.", "fact": "1908-02-12T22:34:35Z → 1908-02-14T01:14:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 13th, 11:46–12:34 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30645 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 13 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1908 falls on Thursday 13 February. Dvādaśī runs from 00:35 on Thu 13 Feb to 03:15 on Fri 14 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-02-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28229, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-02-14T03:14:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-14T01:14:50Z", "ms": -1952808309517.6895 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-15T05:59:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-15T03:59:07Z", "ms": -1952712053427.7783 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-02-14T03:14:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-14T01:14:50Z", "ms": -1952808309517.6895 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-15T05:59:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-15T03:59:07Z", "ms": -1952712053427.7783 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-13T17:40:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-13T15:40:47Z", "ms": -1952842753077.6501 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-13T19:24:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-13T17:24:21Z", "ms": -1952836538563.6016 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-14T17:41:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-14T15:41:35Z", "ms": -1952756305091.8704 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-14T19:24:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-14T17:24:56Z", "ms": -1952750103793.2922 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:15 on Fri 14 Feb to 05:59 on Sat 15 Feb.", "fact": "1908-02-14T01:14:50Z → 1908-02-15T03:59:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:41–19:24 on the 13th, 17:42–19:25 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 13th and 103 of 103 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28229 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Friday 14 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Friday 14 February. Trayodaśī runs from 03:15 on Fri 14 Feb to 05:59 on Sat 15 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-02-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2413, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-02-16T08:38:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-16T06:38:12Z", "ms": -1952616108299.5195 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-17T11:05:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-17T09:05:15Z", "ms": -1952520885051.537 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-02-16T08:38:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-16T06:38:12Z", "ms": -1952616108299.5195 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-17T11:05:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-17T09:05:15Z", "ms": -1952520885051.537 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-16T11:45:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-16T09:45:31Z", "ms": -1952604868930.0647 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-16T12:33:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-16T10:33:31Z", "ms": -1952601988930.0647 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-17T11:45:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-17T09:45:28Z", "ms": -1952518472174.8755 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-17T12:33:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-17T10:33:28Z", "ms": -1952515592174.8755 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:38 on Sun 16 Feb to 11:05 on Mon 17 Feb.", "fact": "1908-02-16T06:38:12Z → 1908-02-17T09:05:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 16th, 11:45–12:33 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2413 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 16 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1908 falls on Sunday 16 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 08:38 on Sun 16 Feb to 11:05 on Mon 17 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-02-20", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14120, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-02-20T16:33:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-20T14:33:43Z", "ms": -1952241976621.6162 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-21T17:36:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-21T15:36:45Z", "ms": -1952151794667.8647 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-02-20T16:33:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-20T14:33:43Z", "ms": -1952241976621.6162 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-21T17:36:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-21T15:36:45Z", "ms": -1952151794667.8647 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-20T20:36:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-20T18:36:39Z", "ms": -1952227401220.9062 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-20T20:36:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-20T18:36:39Z", "ms": -1952227401220.9062 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-21T21:32:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-21T19:32:05Z", "ms": -1952137675167.6072 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-21T21:32:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-21T19:32:05Z", "ms": -1952137675167.6072 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:34 on Thu 20 Feb to 17:37 on Fri 21 Feb.", "fact": "1908-02-20T14:33:43Z → 1908-02-21T15:36:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:37 on the 20th and 21:32 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14120 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 20 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1908 falls on Thursday 20 February. Caturthī runs from 16:34 on Thu 20 Feb to 17:37 on Fri 21 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-02-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-02-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14294, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-02-27T13:02:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-27T11:02:27Z", "ms": -1951649852598.458 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-28T10:22:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-28T08:22:24Z", "ms": -1951573055838.8499 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-02-27T13:02:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-27T11:02:27Z", "ms": -1951649852598.458 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-28T10:22:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-28T08:22:24Z", "ms": -1951573055838.8499 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-27T06:25:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-27T04:25:13Z", "ms": -1951673687096.5068 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-27T06:25:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-27T04:25:13Z", "ms": -1951673687096.5068 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-02-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-28T06:24:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-28T04:24:10Z", "ms": -1951587350332.6453 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-28T06:24:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-28T04:24:10Z", "ms": -1951587350332.6453 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:02 on Thu 27 Feb to 10:22 on Fri 28 Feb.", "fact": "1908-02-27T11:02:27Z → 1908-02-28T08:22:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:25 on the 27th and 06:24 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14294 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Friday 28 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Friday 28 February. Ekādaśī runs from 13:02 on Thu 27 Feb to 10:22 on Fri 28 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-02-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-02-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-02-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30195, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-02-29T07:17:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-29T05:17:49Z", "ms": -1951497731321.6775 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-01T03:55:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-01T01:55:59Z", "ms": -1951423441429.3975 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-02-29T07:17:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-29T05:17:49Z", "ms": -1951497731321.6775 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-01T03:55:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-01T01:55:59Z", "ms": -1951423441429.3975 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-28T17:52:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-28T15:52:07Z", "ms": -1951546072809.659 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-28T19:32:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-28T17:32:15Z", "ms": -1951540065007.4587 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-02-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-29T17:52:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-29T15:52:50Z", "ms": -1951459630354.5347 }, "end": { "local": "1908-02-29T19:32:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-29T17:32:43Z", "ms": -1951453636834.177 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:18 on Sat 29 Feb to 03:56 on Sun 1 Mar.", "fact": "1908-02-29T05:17:49Z → 1908-03-01T01:55:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:52–19:32 on the 28th, 17:53–19:33 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 28th and 100 of 100 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30195 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 29 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-02-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Saturday 29 February. Trayodaśī runs from 07:18 on Sat 29 Feb to 03:56 on Sun 1 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-02-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-03-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 333, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-03-01T03:55:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-01T01:55:59Z", "ms": -1951423441429.3975 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-02T00:25:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-01T22:25:41Z", "ms": -1951349659183.951 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-03-01T03:55:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-01T01:55:59Z", "ms": -1951423441429.3975 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-02T00:25:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-01T22:25:41Z", "ms": -1951349659183.951 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-02-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-02-29T23:43:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-29T21:43:25Z", "ms": -1951438594653.1936 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-01T00:31:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-02-29T22:31:25Z", "ms": -1951435714653.1936 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-01T23:43:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-01T21:43:14Z", "ms": -1951352206264.5518 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-02T00:31:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-01T22:31:14Z", "ms": -1951349326264.5518 } }, "covered_min": 42, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 03:56 on Sun 1 Mar to 00:26 on Mon 2 Mar.", "fact": "1908-03-01T01:55:59Z → 1908-03-01T22:25:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:43–00:31 on the 29th, 23:43–00:31 on the 1st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 42 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 333 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 1 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Mahāśivarātri 1908 falls on Sunday 1 March. Caturdaśī runs from 03:56 on Sun 1 Mar to 00:26 on Mon 2 Mar and covers 42 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-03-05", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-03-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 345, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-03-05T12:25:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-05T10:25:11Z", "ms": -1951047288974.7034 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-06T10:46:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-06T08:46:46Z", "ms": -1950966793781.7852 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-03-05T12:25:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-05T10:25:11Z", "ms": -1951047288974.7034 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-06T10:46:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-06T08:46:46Z", "ms": -1950966793781.7852 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-05T11:42:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-05T09:42:56Z", "ms": -1951049823656.0098 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-05T12:30:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-05T10:30:56Z", "ms": -1951046943656.0098 } }, "covered_min": 6, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-06T11:42:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-06T09:42:43Z", "ms": -1950963437339.5347 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-06T12:30:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-06T10:30:43Z", "ms": -1950960557339.5347 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:25 on Thu 5 Mar to 10:47 on Fri 6 Mar.", "fact": "1908-03-05T10:25:11Z → 1908-03-06T08:46:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 5th, 11:43–12:31 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 6 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 345 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 5 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vināyaka Caturthī 1908 falls on Thursday 5 March. Caturthī runs from 12:25 on Thu 5 Mar to 10:47 on Fri 6 Mar and covers 6 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-03-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-03-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-03-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35686, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-03-12T17:29:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-12T15:29:45Z", "ms": -1950424215175.4644 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-13T20:12:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-13T18:12:23Z", "ms": -1950328057167.457 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-03-12T17:29:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-12T15:29:45Z", "ms": -1950424215175.4644 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-13T20:12:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-13T18:12:23Z", "ms": -1950328057167.457 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-13T06:08:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-13T04:08:20Z", "ms": -1950378699926.7502 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-13T06:08:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-13T04:08:20Z", "ms": -1950378699926.7502 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-14T06:07:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-14T04:07:09Z", "ms": -1950292371249.218 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-14T06:07:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-14T04:07:09Z", "ms": -1950292371249.218 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:30 on Thu 12 Mar to 20:12 on Fri 13 Mar.", "fact": "1908-03-12T15:29:45Z → 1908-03-13T18:12:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:08 on the 13th and 06:07 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35686 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Friday 13 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Friday 13 March. Ekādaśī runs from 17:30 on Thu 12 Mar to 20:12 on Fri 13 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-03-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-03-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-03-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11348, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-03-14T22:47:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-14T20:47:48Z", "ms": -1950232332346.1094 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-16T01:05:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-15T23:05:53Z", "ms": -1950137647402.9653 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-03-14T22:47:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-14T20:47:48Z", "ms": -1950232332346.1094 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-16T01:05:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-15T23:05:53Z", "ms": -1950137647402.9653 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-14T18:02:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-14T16:02:09Z", "ms": -1950249470514.2432 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-14T19:38:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-14T17:38:40Z", "ms": -1950243680162.994 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-03-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-15T18:02:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-15T16:02:47Z", "ms": -1950163032666.6475 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-15T19:39:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-15T17:39:03Z", "ms": -1950157256949.5027 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:48 on Sat 14 Mar to 01:06 on Mon 16 Mar.", "fact": "1908-03-14T20:47:48Z → 1908-03-15T23:05:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:02–19:39 on the 14th, 18:03–19:39 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 14th and 96 of 96 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11348 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 15 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Sunday 15 March. Trayodaśī runs from 22:48 on Sat 14 Mar to 01:06 on Mon 16 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-03-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-03-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32214, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-03-17T03:00:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-17T01:00:19Z", "ms": -1950044381027.3384 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-18T04:28:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-18T02:28:17Z", "ms": -1949952703457.6206 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-03-17T03:00:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-17T01:00:19Z", "ms": -1950044381027.3384 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-18T04:28:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-18T02:28:17Z", "ms": -1949952703457.6206 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-16T15:39:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-16T13:39:41Z", "ms": -1950085218987.5835 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-16T18:03:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-16T16:03:25Z", "ms": -1950076595037.464 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-17T15:39:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-17T13:39:57Z", "ms": -1949998803477.2383 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-17T18:04:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-17T16:04:02Z", "ms": -1949990157610.7883 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:00 on Tue 17 Mar to 04:28 on Wed 18 Mar.", "fact": "1908-03-17T01:00:19Z → 1908-03-18T02:28:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:40–18:03 on the 16th, 15:40–18:04 on the 17th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 144 minutes on the 16th and 144 of 144 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32214 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 17 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Holikā Dahana 1908 falls on Tuesday 17 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:00 on Tue 17 Mar to 04:28 on Wed 18 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32214, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-03-17T03:00:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-17T01:00:19Z", "ms": -1950044381027.3384 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-18T04:28:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-18T02:28:17Z", "ms": -1949952703457.6206 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-03-17T03:00:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-17T01:00:19Z", "ms": -1950044381027.3384 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-18T04:28:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-18T02:28:17Z", "ms": -1949952703457.6206 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-16T15:39:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-16T13:39:41Z", "ms": -1950085218987.5835 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-16T18:03:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-16T16:03:25Z", "ms": -1950076595037.464 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-17T15:39:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-17T13:39:57Z", "ms": -1949998803477.2383 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-17T18:04:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-17T16:04:02Z", "ms": -1949990157610.7883 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1908-03-17", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:00 on Tue 17 Mar to 04:28 on Wed 18 Mar.", "fact": "1908-03-17T01:00:19Z → 1908-03-18T02:28:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:40–18:03 on the 16th, 15:40–18:04 on the 17th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 144 minutes on the 16th and 144 of 144 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32214 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Tuesday 17 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Holī 1908 falls on Wednesday 18 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Tuesday 17 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:00 on Tue 17 Mar to 04:28 on Wed 18 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 17th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1899, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1908-03-18T04:28:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-18T02:28:17Z", "ms": -1949952703457.6206 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-19T05:29:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-19T03:29:29Z", "ms": -1949862631204.262 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-03-18T04:28:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-18T02:28:17Z", "ms": -1949952703457.6206 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-19T05:29:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-19T03:29:29Z", "ms": -1949862631204.262 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-18T06:02:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-18T04:02:21Z", "ms": -1949947059314.0217 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-18T06:02:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-18T04:02:21Z", "ms": -1949947059314.0217 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-19T06:01:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-19T04:01:08Z", "ms": -1949860731870.2368 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-19T06:01:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-19T04:01:08Z", "ms": -1949860731870.2368 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 04:28 on Wed 18 Mar to 05:29 on Thu 19 Mar.", "fact": "1908-03-18T02:28:17Z → 1908-03-19T03:29:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:02 on the 18th and 06:01 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1899 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vasantotsava 1908 falls on Wednesday 18 March. Pratipadā runs from 04:28 on Wed 18 Mar to 05:29 on Thu 19 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-03-21", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31377, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-03-21T06:16:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-21T04:16:46Z", "ms": -1949686993987.0974 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-22T06:05:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-22T04:05:45Z", "ms": -1949601254657.458 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-03-21T06:16:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-21T04:16:46Z", "ms": -1949686993987.0974 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-22T06:05:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-22T04:05:45Z", "ms": -1949601254657.458 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-20T20:24:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-20T18:24:01Z", "ms": -1949722559232.502 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-20T20:24:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-20T18:24:01Z", "ms": -1949722559232.502 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-21T21:22:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-21T19:22:48Z", "ms": -1949632631763.267 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-21T21:22:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-21T19:22:48Z", "ms": -1949632631763.267 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:17 on Sat 21 Mar to 06:06 on Sun 22 Mar.", "fact": "1908-03-21T04:16:46Z → 1908-03-22T04:05:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:24 on the 20th and 21:23 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31377 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1908 falls on Saturday 21 March. Caturthī runs from 06:17 on Sat 21 Mar to 06:06 on Sun 22 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-03-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29889, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1908-03-25T03:19:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-25T01:19:14Z", "ms": -1949352045527.8086 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-26T01:38:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-25T23:38:04Z", "ms": -1949271715978.4822 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-03-25T03:19:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-25T01:19:14Z", "ms": -1949352045527.8086 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-26T01:38:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-25T23:38:04Z", "ms": -1949271715978.4822 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-25T11:37:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-25T09:37:24Z", "ms": -1949322156436.389 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-25T12:25:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-25T10:25:24Z", "ms": -1949319276436.389 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-26T11:37:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-26T09:37:05Z", "ms": -1949235774766.247 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-26T12:25:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-26T10:25:05Z", "ms": -1949232894766.247 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:19 on Wed 25 Mar to 01:38 on Thu 26 Mar.", "fact": "1908-03-25T01:19:14Z → 1908-03-25T23:38:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 25th, 11:37–12:25 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29889 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śītalāṣṭamī 1908 falls on Wednesday 25 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:19 on Wed 25 Mar to 01:38 on Thu 26 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-03-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31223, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-03-27T21:09:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-27T19:09:49Z", "ms": -1949115010872.0808 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-28T18:28:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-28T16:28:14Z", "ms": -1949038306313.2073 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-03-27T21:09:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-27T19:09:49Z", "ms": -1949115010872.0808 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-28T18:28:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-28T16:28:14Z", "ms": -1949038306313.2073 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-28T05:50:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-28T03:50:12Z", "ms": -1949083788221.9607 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-28T05:50:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-28T03:50:12Z", "ms": -1949083788221.9607 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-29T05:48:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-29T03:48:59Z", "ms": -1948997460989.4792 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-29T05:48:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-29T03:48:59Z", "ms": -1948997460989.4792 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:10 on Fri 27 Mar to 18:28 on Sat 28 Mar.", "fact": "1908-03-27T19:09:49Z → 1908-03-28T16:28:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:50 on the 28th and 05:49 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31223 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Saturday 28 March. Ekādaśī runs from 21:10 on Fri 27 Mar to 18:28 on Sat 28 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-03-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-03-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9385, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-03-29T15:34:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-29T13:34:56Z", "ms": -1948962303724.558 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-30T12:37:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-30T10:37:02Z", "ms": -1948886578148.037 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-03-29T15:34:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-29T13:34:56Z", "ms": -1948962303724.558 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-30T12:37:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-30T10:37:02Z", "ms": -1948886578148.037 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-29T18:11:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-29T16:11:22Z", "ms": -1948952918349.5396 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-29T19:44:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-29T17:44:13Z", "ms": -1948947347053.054 } }, "covered_min": 93, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-30T18:11:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-30T16:11:58Z", "ms": -1948866482141.5933 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-30T19:44:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-30T17:44:35Z", "ms": -1948860925336.9504 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:35 on Sun 29 Mar to 12:37 on Mon 30 Mar.", "fact": "1908-03-29T13:34:56Z → 1908-03-30T10:37:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:11–19:44 on the 29th, 18:12–19:45 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 93 of 93 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 93 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9385 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Sunday 29 March. Trayodaśī runs from 15:35 on Sun 29 Mar to 12:37 on Mon 30 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-03-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-03-30", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33582, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-03-30T12:37:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-30T10:37:02Z", "ms": -1948886578148.037 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-31T09:42:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-31T07:42:57Z", "ms": -1948810622536.9807 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-03-30T12:37:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-30T10:37:02Z", "ms": -1948886578148.037 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-31T09:42:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-31T07:42:57Z", "ms": -1948810622536.9807 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-29T23:35:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-29T21:35:34Z", "ms": -1948933465987.7188 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-30T00:23:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-29T22:23:34Z", "ms": -1948930585987.7188 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-03-30T23:35:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-30T21:35:16Z", "ms": -1948847084124.1826 }, "end": { "local": "1908-03-31T00:23:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-03-30T22:23:16Z", "ms": -1948844204124.1826 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:37 on Mon 30 Mar to 09:43 on Tue 31 Mar.", "fact": "1908-03-30T10:37:02Z → 1908-03-31T07:42:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:36–00:24 on the 29th, 23:35–00:23 on the 30th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33582 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Monday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śivarātri 1908 falls on Monday 30 March. Caturdaśī runs from 12:37 on Mon 30 Mar to 09:43 on Tue 31 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-03-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16389, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1908-04-01T07:02:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-01T05:02:06Z", "ms": -1948733873520.3162 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-02T04:44:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-02T02:44:16Z", "ms": -1948655744385.9563 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-01T07:02:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-01T05:02:06Z", "ms": -1948733873520.3162 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-02T04:44:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-02T02:44:16Z", "ms": -1948655744385.9563 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-01T11:35:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-01T09:35:16Z", "ms": -1948717484087.6714 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-01T12:23:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-01T10:23:16Z", "ms": -1948714604087.6714 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-02T11:34:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-02T09:34:58Z", "ms": -1948631102047.858 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-02T12:22:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-02T10:22:58Z", "ms": -1948628222047.858 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 07:02 on Wed 1 Apr to 04:44 on Thu 2 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-01T05:02:06Z → 1908-04-02T02:44:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 1st, 11:35–12:23 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16389 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1908 falls on Wednesday 1 April. Pratipadā runs from 07:02 on Wed 1 Apr to 04:44 on Thu 2 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30947, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1908-04-03T02:58:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T00:58:53Z", "ms": -1948575667188.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-04T01:54:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T23:54:13Z", "ms": -1948493146764.6401 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-03T02:58:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T00:58:53Z", "ms": -1948575667188.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-04T01:54:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T23:54:13Z", "ms": -1948493146764.6401 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-03T11:34:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T09:34:40Z", "ms": -1948544719893.831 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-03T12:22:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T10:22:40Z", "ms": -1948541839893.831 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-04T11:34:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-04T09:34:22Z", "ms": -1948458337610.355 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-04T12:22:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-04T10:22:22Z", "ms": -1948455457610.355 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 02:59 on Fri 3 Apr to 01:54 on Sat 4 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-03T00:58:53Z → 1908-04-03T23:54:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 3rd, 11:34–12:22 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30947 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Cairo, 1908: Friday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1908 falls on Friday 3 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 02:59 on Fri 3 Apr to 01:54 on Sat 4 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30947, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1908-04-03T02:58:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T00:58:53Z", "ms": -1948575667188.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-04T01:54:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T23:54:13Z", "ms": -1948493146764.6401 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-03T02:58:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T00:58:53Z", "ms": -1948575667188.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-04T01:54:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T23:54:13Z", "ms": -1948493146764.6401 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-03T11:34:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T09:34:40Z", "ms": -1948544719893.831 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-03T12:22:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T10:22:40Z", "ms": -1948541839893.831 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-04T11:34:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-04T09:34:22Z", "ms": -1948458337610.355 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-04T12:22:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-04T10:22:22Z", "ms": -1948455457610.355 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 02:59 on Fri 3 Apr to 01:54 on Sat 4 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-03T00:58:53Z → 1908-04-03T23:54:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 3rd, 11:34–12:22 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30947 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Friday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1908 falls on Friday 3 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 02:59 on Fri 3 Apr to 01:54 on Sat 4 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-04-04", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34809, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-04-04T01:54:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T23:54:13Z", "ms": -1948493146764.6401 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-05T01:36:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-04T23:36:12Z", "ms": -1948407827500.8137 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-04T01:54:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-03T23:54:13Z", "ms": -1948493146764.6401 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-05T01:36:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-04T23:36:12Z", "ms": -1948407827500.8137 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-04T11:34:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-04T09:34:22Z", "ms": -1948458337610.355 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-04T12:22:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-04T10:22:22Z", "ms": -1948455457610.355 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-05T11:34:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-05T09:34:05Z", "ms": -1948371955181.6265 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-05T12:22:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-05T10:22:05Z", "ms": -1948369075181.6265 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:54 on Sat 4 Apr to 01:36 on Sun 5 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-03T23:54:13Z → 1908-04-04T23:36:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 4th, 11:34–12:22 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34809 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 4 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vināyaka Caturthī 1908 falls on Saturday 4 April. Caturthī runs from 01:54 on Sat 4 Apr to 01:36 on Sun 5 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-04-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33995, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1908-04-05T01:36:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-04T23:36:12Z", "ms": -1948407827500.8137 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-06T02:07:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-06T00:07:12Z", "ms": -1948319567578.352 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-05T01:36:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-04T23:36:12Z", "ms": -1948407827500.8137 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-06T02:07:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-06T00:07:12Z", "ms": -1948319567578.352 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-05T11:34:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-05T09:34:05Z", "ms": -1948371955181.6265 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-05T12:22:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-05T10:22:05Z", "ms": -1948369075181.6265 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-06T11:33:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-06T09:33:47Z", "ms": -1948285572591.2551 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-06T12:21:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-06T10:21:47Z", "ms": -1948282692591.2551 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 01:36 on Sun 5 Apr to 02:07 on Mon 6 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-04T23:36:12Z → 1908-04-06T00:07:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 5th, 11:34–12:22 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33995 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1908 falls on Sunday 5 April. Pañcamī runs from 01:36 on Sun 5 Apr to 02:07 on Mon 6 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13633, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1908-04-08T05:21:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-08T03:21:50Z", "ms": -1948135090377.5637 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-09T07:45:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-09T05:45:44Z", "ms": -1948040056249.519 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-08T05:21:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-08T03:21:50Z", "ms": -1948135090377.5637 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-09T07:45:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-09T05:45:44Z", "ms": -1948040056249.519 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-08T11:33:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-08T09:33:13Z", "ms": -1948112806857.5537 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-08T12:21:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-08T10:21:13Z", "ms": -1948109926857.5537 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-09T11:32:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-09T09:32:56Z", "ms": -1948026423679.294 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-09T12:20:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-09T10:20:56Z", "ms": -1948023543679.294 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 05:22 on Wed 8 Apr to 07:46 on Thu 9 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-08T03:21:50Z → 1908-04-09T05:45:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 8th, 11:33–12:21 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13633 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Bhavānī Utpatti 1908 falls on Wednesday 8 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 05:22 on Wed 8 Apr to 07:46 on Thu 9 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4277, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1908-04-09T07:45:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-09T05:45:44Z", "ms": -1948040056249.519 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-10T10:21:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-10T08:21:23Z", "ms": -1947944317134.9526 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-09T07:45:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-09T05:45:44Z", "ms": -1948040056249.519 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-10T10:21:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-10T08:21:23Z", "ms": -1947944317134.9526 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-09T11:32:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-09T09:32:56Z", "ms": -1948026423679.294 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-09T12:20:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-09T10:20:56Z", "ms": -1948023543679.294 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-10T11:32:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-10T09:32:40Z", "ms": -1947940040269.7192 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-10T12:20:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-10T10:20:40Z", "ms": -1947937160269.7192 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 07:46 on Thu 9 Apr to 10:21 on Fri 10 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-09T05:45:44Z → 1908-04-10T08:21:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 9th, 11:33–12:21 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4277 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Rāma Navamī 1908 falls on Thursday 9 April. Navamī runs from 07:46 on Thu 9 Apr to 10:21 on Fri 10 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20809, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1908-04-12T23:44:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-12T21:44:28Z", "ms": -1947723332207.254 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-13T20:46:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T18:46:11Z", "ms": -1945055628866.5068 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1908-04-12T23:44:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-12T21:44:28Z", "ms": -1947723332207.254 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-12T23:44:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-12T21:44:28Z", "ms": -1947723332207.254 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-12T05:32:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-12T03:32:25Z", "ms": -1947788854729.998 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-13T05:31:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-13T03:31:17Z", "ms": -1947702522882.1643 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-13T05:31:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-13T03:31:17Z", "ms": -1947702522882.1643 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-14T05:30:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T03:30:09Z", "ms": -1947616190509.3499 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 23:44 on Sun 12 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-12T21:44:28Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:32 on the 12th, and from 05:31 on the 13th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 12th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 20809 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1908-04-12", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1908-04-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vaiśākhī 1908 falls on Sunday 12 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 23:44 on Sun 12 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. By the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 13 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-04-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26369, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-04-11T12:53:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-11T10:53:03Z", "ms": -1947848816965.9556 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-12T15:07:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-12T13:07:05Z", "ms": -1947754375207.707 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-11T12:53:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-11T10:53:03Z", "ms": -1947848816965.9556 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-12T15:07:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-12T13:07:05Z", "ms": -1947754375207.707 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-11T05:33:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-11T03:33:34Z", "ms": -1947875186081.4062 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-11T05:33:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-11T03:33:34Z", "ms": -1947875186081.4062 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-12T05:32:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-12T03:32:25Z", "ms": -1947788854729.998 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-12T05:32:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-12T03:32:25Z", "ms": -1947788854729.998 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:53 on Sat 11 Apr to 15:07 on Sun 12 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-11T10:53:03Z → 1908-04-12T13:07:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:34 on the 11th and 05:32 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26369 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Sunday 12 April. Ekādaśī runs from 12:53 on Sat 11 Apr to 15:07 on Sun 12 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-04-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-04-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 812, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-04-13T16:53:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-13T14:53:40Z", "ms": -1947661579656.5422 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-14T18:07:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T16:07:31Z", "ms": -1947570749103.6484 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-13T16:53:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-13T14:53:40Z", "ms": -1947661579656.5422 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-14T18:07:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T16:07:31Z", "ms": -1947570749103.6484 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-13T18:20:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-13T16:20:26Z", "ms": -1947656374062.4087 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-13T19:49:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-13T17:49:44Z", "ms": -1947651016255.3342 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-14T18:21:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T16:21:03Z", "ms": -1947569937402.4292 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-14T19:50:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T17:50:07Z", "ms": -1947564593426.4822 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:54 on Mon 13 Apr to 18:08 on Tue 14 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-13T14:53:40Z → 1908-04-14T16:07:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:20–19:50 on the 13th, 18:21–19:50 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 89 of 89 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 89 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 812 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Monday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Monday 13 April. Trayodaśī runs from 16:54 on Mon 13 Apr to 18:08 on Tue 14 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-04-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16429, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-04-13T16:53:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-13T14:53:40Z", "ms": -1947661579656.5422 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-14T18:07:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T16:07:31Z", "ms": -1947570749103.6484 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-13T16:53:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-13T14:53:40Z", "ms": -1947661579656.5422 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-14T18:07:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T16:07:31Z", "ms": -1947570749103.6484 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-13T11:31:52+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-13T09:31:52Z", "ms": -1947680888472.2866 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-13T12:19:52+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-13T10:19:52Z", "ms": -1947678008472.2866 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-14T11:31:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T09:31:36Z", "ms": -1947594503955.8896 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-14T12:19:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T10:19:36Z", "ms": -1947591623955.8896 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:54 on Mon 13 Apr to 18:08 on Tue 14 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-13T14:53:40Z → 1908-04-14T16:07:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 13th, 11:32–12:20 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16429 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 14 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1908 falls on Tuesday 14 April. Trayodaśī runs from 16:54 on Mon 13 Apr to 18:08 on Tue 14 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20875, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-04-14T18:07:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T16:07:31Z", "ms": -1947570749103.6484 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-15T18:47:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-15T16:47:22Z", "ms": -1947481957766.5168 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-14T18:07:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T16:07:31Z", "ms": -1947570749103.6484 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-15T18:47:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-15T16:47:22Z", "ms": -1947481957766.5168 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-14T11:31:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T09:31:36Z", "ms": -1947594503955.8896 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-14T12:19:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-14T10:19:36Z", "ms": -1947591623955.8896 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-15T11:31:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-15T09:31:21Z", "ms": -1947508119116.666 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-15T12:19:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-15T10:19:21Z", "ms": -1947505239116.666 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:08 on Tue 14 Apr to 18:47 on Wed 15 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-14T16:07:31Z → 1908-04-15T16:47:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 14th, 11:31–12:19 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20875 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1908 falls on Wednesday 15 April. Caturdaśī runs from 18:08 on Tue 14 Apr to 18:47 on Wed 15 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23281, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-04-15T18:47:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-15T16:47:22Z", "ms": -1947481957766.5168 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-16T18:55:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-16T16:55:04Z", "ms": -1947395096312.9192 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-15T18:47:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-15T16:47:22Z", "ms": -1947481957766.5168 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-16T18:55:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-16T16:55:04Z", "ms": -1947395096312.9192 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-15T11:31:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-15T09:31:21Z", "ms": -1947508119116.666 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-15T12:19:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-15T10:19:21Z", "ms": -1947505239116.666 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-16T11:31:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-16T09:31:06Z", "ms": -1947421733935.9434 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-16T12:19:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-16T10:19:06Z", "ms": -1947418853935.9434 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:47 on Wed 15 Apr to 18:55 on Thu 16 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-15T16:47:22Z → 1908-04-16T16:55:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 15th, 11:31–12:19 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23281 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1908 falls on Thursday 16 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:47 on Wed 15 Apr to 18:55 on Thu 16 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-04-19", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16460, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-04-19T16:44:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-19T14:44:49Z", "ms": -1947143711437.3406 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-20T15:24:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-20T13:24:06Z", "ms": -1947062153970.6577 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-19T16:44:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-19T14:44:49Z", "ms": -1947143711437.3406 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-20T15:24:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-20T13:24:06Z", "ms": -1947062153970.6577 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-19T21:19:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-19T19:19:08Z", "ms": -1947127251561.2363 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-19T21:19:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-19T19:19:08Z", "ms": -1947127251561.2363 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-20T22:22:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-20T20:22:47Z", "ms": -1947037032533.0784 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-20T22:22:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-20T20:22:47Z", "ms": -1947037032533.0784 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:45 on Sun 19 Apr to 15:24 on Mon 20 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-19T14:44:49Z → 1908-04-20T13:24:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:19 on the 19th and 22:23 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16460 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 19 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1908 falls on Sunday 19 April. Caturthī runs from 16:45 on Sun 19 Apr to 15:24 on Mon 20 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-04-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-04-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6340, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-04-26T03:31:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-26T01:31:50Z", "ms": -1946586490358.7446 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-27T01:12:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-26T23:12:07Z", "ms": -1946508472728.2456 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-26T03:31:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-26T01:31:50Z", "ms": -1946586490358.7446 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-27T01:12:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-26T23:12:07Z", "ms": -1946508472728.2456 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-26T05:17:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-26T03:17:29Z", "ms": -1946580150649.7583 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-26T05:17:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-26T03:17:29Z", "ms": -1946580150649.7583 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-27T05:16:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-27T03:16:31Z", "ms": -1946493808873.0916 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-27T05:16:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-27T03:16:31Z", "ms": -1946493808873.0916 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:32 on Sun 26 Apr to 01:12 on Mon 27 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-26T01:31:50Z → 1908-04-26T23:12:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:17 on the 26th and 05:17 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6340 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 26 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Sunday 26 April. Ekādaśī runs from 03:32 on Sun 26 Apr to 01:12 on Mon 27 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-04-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-04-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3202, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-04-27T22:55:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-27T20:55:50Z", "ms": -1946430249553.3872 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-28T20:49:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-28T18:49:09Z", "ms": -1946351451328.8657 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-27T22:55:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-27T20:55:50Z", "ms": -1946430249553.3872 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-28T20:49:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-28T18:49:09Z", "ms": -1946351451328.8657 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-27T18:29:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-27T16:29:10Z", "ms": -1946446250084.831 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-27T19:55:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-27T17:55:21Z", "ms": -1946441078898.9785 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-28T18:29:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-28T16:29:48Z", "ms": -1946359811698.0251 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-28T19:55:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-28T17:55:47Z", "ms": -1946354653149.193 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:56 on Mon 27 Apr to 20:49 on Tue 28 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-27T20:55:50Z → 1908-04-28T18:49:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:29–19:55 on the 27th, 18:30–19:56 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 86 minutes on the 27th and 86 of 86 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3202 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Tuesday 28 April. Trayodaśī runs from 22:56 on Mon 27 Apr to 20:49 on Tue 28 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-04-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-04-28", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9544, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-04-28T20:49:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-28T18:49:09Z", "ms": -1946351451328.8657 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-29T18:59:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-29T16:59:04Z", "ms": -1946271655974.0427 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-04-28T20:49:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-28T18:49:09Z", "ms": -1946351451328.8657 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-29T18:59:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-29T16:59:04Z", "ms": -1946271655974.0427 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-28T23:28:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-28T21:28:13Z", "ms": -1946341907139.905 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-29T00:16:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-28T22:16:13Z", "ms": -1946339027139.905 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-04-29T23:28:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-29T21:28:04Z", "ms": -1946255515615.8984 }, "end": { "local": "1908-04-30T00:16:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-04-29T22:16:04Z", "ms": -1946252635615.8984 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:49 on Tue 28 Apr to 18:59 on Wed 29 Apr.", "fact": "1908-04-28T18:49:09Z → 1908-04-29T16:59:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:28–00:16 on the 28th, 23:28–00:16 on the 29th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9544 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śivarātri 1908 falls on Tuesday 28 April. Caturdaśī runs from 20:49 on Tue 28 Apr to 18:59 on Wed 29 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-04-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6577, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1908-05-02T16:20:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-02T14:20:21Z", "ms": -1946021979145.3289 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-03T16:43:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-03T14:43:24Z", "ms": -1945934195788.527 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-02T16:20:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-02T14:20:21Z", "ms": -1946021979145.3289 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-03T16:43:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-03T14:43:24Z", "ms": -1945934195788.527 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-02T18:32:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-02T16:32:23Z", "ms": -1946014057229.7463 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-02T19:57:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-02T17:57:32Z", "ms": -1946008948061.2205 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-03T18:33:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-03T16:33:02Z", "ms": -1945927618447.8003 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-03T19:57:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-03T17:57:59Z", "ms": -1945922521310.2126 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 16:20 on Sat 2 May to 16:43 on Sun 3 May.", "fact": "1908-05-02T14:20:21Z → 1908-05-03T14:43:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:32–19:58 on the 2nd, 18:33–19:58 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 85 of 85 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 85 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6577 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1908 falls on Saturday 2 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 16:20 on Sat 2 May to 16:43 on Sun 3 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24097, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1908-05-02T16:20:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-02T14:20:21Z", "ms": -1946021979145.3289 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-03T16:43:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-03T14:43:24Z", "ms": -1945934195788.527 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-02T16:20:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-02T14:20:21Z", "ms": -1946021979145.3289 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-03T16:43:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-03T14:43:24Z", "ms": -1945934195788.527 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-02T05:11:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-02T03:11:54Z", "ms": -1946062085987.0493 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-02T09:38:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-02T07:38:44Z", "ms": -1946046076401.2817 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 267, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-03T05:11:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-03T03:11:02Z", "ms": -1945975738465.8018 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-03T09:38:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-03T07:38:22Z", "ms": -1945959698459.8013 } }, "covered_min": 267, "window_min": 267, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 16:20 on Sat 2 May to 16:43 on Sun 3 May.", "fact": "1908-05-02T14:20:21Z → 1908-05-03T14:43:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:12–09:39 on the 2nd, 05:11–09:38 on the 3rd.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 267 minutes on the 2nd and 267 of 267 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24097 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 3 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1908 falls on Sunday 3 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 16:20 on Sat 2 May to 16:43 on Sun 3 May and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-05-04", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16043, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-05-03T16:43:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-03T14:43:24Z", "ms": -1945934195788.527 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-04T17:47:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-04T15:47:44Z", "ms": -1945843936049.083 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-03T16:43:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-03T14:43:24Z", "ms": -1945934195788.527 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-04T17:47:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-04T15:47:44Z", "ms": -1945843936049.083 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-03T11:28:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-03T09:28:02Z", "ms": -1945953118456.801 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-03T12:16:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-03T10:16:02Z", "ms": -1945950238456.801 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-04T11:27:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-04T09:27:55Z", "ms": -1945866724772.0474 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-04T12:15:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-04T10:15:55Z", "ms": -1945863844772.0474 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:43 on Sun 3 May to 17:48 on Mon 4 May.", "fact": "1908-05-03T14:43:24Z → 1908-05-04T15:47:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:28–12:16 on the 3rd, 11:28–12:16 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16043 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Monday 4 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vināyaka Caturthī 1908 falls on Monday 4 May. Caturthī runs from 16:43 on Sun 3 May to 17:48 on Mon 4 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-05-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19909, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1908-05-04T17:47:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-04T15:47:44Z", "ms": -1945843936049.083 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-05T19:29:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-05T17:29:32Z", "ms": -1945751428208.4463 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-04T17:47:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-04T15:47:44Z", "ms": -1945843936049.083 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-05T19:29:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-05T17:29:32Z", "ms": -1945751428208.4463 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-04T11:27:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-04T09:27:55Z", "ms": -1945866724772.0474 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-04T12:15:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-04T10:15:55Z", "ms": -1945863844772.0474 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-05T11:27:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-05T09:27:49Z", "ms": -1945780330551.1877 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-05T12:15:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-05T10:15:49Z", "ms": -1945777450551.1877 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 17:48 on Mon 4 May to 19:30 on Tue 5 May.", "fact": "1908-05-04T15:47:44Z → 1908-05-05T17:29:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:28–12:16 on the 4th, 11:28–12:16 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19909 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1908 falls on Tuesday 5 May. Pañcamī runs from 17:48 on Mon 4 May to 19:30 on Tue 5 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33879, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1908-05-06T21:40:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-06T19:40:23Z", "ms": -1945657176944.3462 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-08T00:07:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-07T22:07:50Z", "ms": -1945561930204.5762 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-06T21:40:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-06T19:40:23Z", "ms": -1945657176944.3462 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-08T00:07:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-07T22:07:50Z", "ms": -1945561930204.5762 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-06T11:27:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-06T09:27:44Z", "ms": -1945693935791.2954 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-06T12:15:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-06T10:15:44Z", "ms": -1945691055791.2954 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-07T11:27:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-07T09:27:40Z", "ms": -1945607540489.5269 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-07T12:15:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-07T10:15:40Z", "ms": -1945604660489.5269 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 21:40 on Wed 6 May to 00:08 on Fri 8 May.", "fact": "1908-05-06T19:40:23Z → 1908-05-07T22:07:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:28–12:16 on the 6th, 11:28–12:16 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33879 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1908 falls on Thursday 7 May. Saptamī runs from 21:40 on Wed 6 May to 00:08 on Fri 8 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-05-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5858, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-05-11T06:42:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-11T04:42:19Z", "ms": -1945279061126.54 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-12T07:56:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-12T05:56:51Z", "ms": -1945188188828.7354 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-11T06:42:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-11T04:42:19Z", "ms": -1945279061126.54 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-12T07:56:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-12T05:56:51Z", "ms": -1945188188828.7354 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-11T05:04:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-11T03:04:40Z", "ms": -1945284919523.7244 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-11T05:04:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-11T03:04:40Z", "ms": -1945284919523.7244 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-12T05:03:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-12T03:03:58Z", "ms": -1945198561999.5974 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-12T05:03:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-12T03:03:58Z", "ms": -1945198561999.5974 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:42 on Mon 11 May to 07:57 on Tue 12 May.", "fact": "1908-05-11T04:42:19Z → 1908-05-12T05:56:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:05 on the 11th and 05:04 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5858 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 12 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Tuesday 12 May. Ekādaśī runs from 06:42 on Mon 11 May to 07:57 on Tue 12 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-05-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10529, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-05-12T07:56:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-12T05:56:51Z", "ms": -1945188188828.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-13T08:31:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T06:31:54Z", "ms": -1945099685705.1438 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-12T07:56:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-12T05:56:51Z", "ms": -1945188188828.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-13T08:31:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T06:31:54Z", "ms": -1945099685705.1438 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-12T11:27:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-12T09:27:24Z", "ms": -1945175555764.832 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-12T12:15:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-12T10:15:24Z", "ms": -1945172675764.832 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-13T11:27:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T09:27:23Z", "ms": -1945089157161.7598 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-13T12:15:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T10:15:23Z", "ms": -1945086277161.7598 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 07:57 on Tue 12 May to 08:32 on Wed 13 May.", "fact": "1908-05-12T05:56:51Z → 1908-05-13T06:31:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 12th, 11:27–12:15 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10529 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 12 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1908 falls on Tuesday 12 May. Dvādaśī runs from 07:57 on Tue 12 May to 08:32 on Wed 13 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10529, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-05-12T07:56:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-12T05:56:51Z", "ms": -1945188188828.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-13T08:31:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T06:31:54Z", "ms": -1945099685705.1438 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-12T07:56:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-12T05:56:51Z", "ms": -1945188188828.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-13T08:31:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T06:31:54Z", "ms": -1945099685705.1438 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-12T11:27:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-12T09:27:24Z", "ms": -1945175555764.832 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-12T12:15:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-12T10:15:24Z", "ms": -1945172675764.832 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-13T11:27:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T09:27:23Z", "ms": -1945089157161.7598 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-13T12:15:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T10:15:23Z", "ms": -1945086277161.7598 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 07:57 on Tue 12 May to 08:32 on Wed 13 May.", "fact": "1908-05-12T05:56:51Z → 1908-05-13T06:31:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 12th, 11:27–12:15 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10529 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 12 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1908 falls on Tuesday 12 May. Dvādaśī runs from 07:57 on Tue 12 May to 08:32 on Wed 13 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-05-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36455, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-05-13T08:31:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T06:31:54Z", "ms": -1945099685705.1438 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-14T08:27:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-14T06:27:11Z", "ms": -1945013568999.849 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-13T08:31:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T06:31:54Z", "ms": -1945099685705.1438 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-14T08:27:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-14T06:27:11Z", "ms": -1945013568999.849 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-13T18:39:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T16:39:29Z", "ms": -1945063231061.6438 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-13T20:02:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-13T18:02:34Z", "ms": -1945058246025.5264 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-14T18:40:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-14T16:40:07Z", "ms": -1944976792712.504 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-14T20:03:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-14T18:03:02Z", "ms": -1944971817959.7312 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:32 on Wed 13 May to 08:27 on Thu 14 May.", "fact": "1908-05-13T06:31:54Z → 1908-05-14T06:27:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:39–20:03 on the 13th, 18:40–20:03 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 83 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36455 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 13 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Wednesday 13 May. Trayodaśī runs from 08:32 on Wed 13 May to 08:27 on Thu 14 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-05-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36776, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-05-14T08:27:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-14T06:27:11Z", "ms": -1945013568999.849 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-15T07:45:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-15T05:45:37Z", "ms": -1944929663313.44 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-14T08:27:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-14T06:27:11Z", "ms": -1945013568999.849 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-15T07:45:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-15T05:45:37Z", "ms": -1944929663313.44 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-14T18:40:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-14T16:40:07Z", "ms": -1944976792712.504 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-14T20:03:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-14T18:03:02Z", "ms": -1944971817959.7312 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-15T18:40:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-15T16:40:46Z", "ms": -1944890354498.9172 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-15T20:03:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-15T18:03:30Z", "ms": -1944885389841.791 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:27 on Thu 14 May to 07:46 on Fri 15 May.", "fact": "1908-05-14T06:27:11Z → 1908-05-15T05:45:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:40–20:03 on the 14th, 18:41–20:04 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 83 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36776 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1908 falls on Thursday 14 May. Caturdaśī runs from 08:27 on Thu 14 May to 07:46 on Fri 15 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13305, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-05-15T07:45:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-15T05:45:37Z", "ms": -1944929663313.44 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-16T06:32:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-16T04:32:13Z", "ms": -1944847666645.3726 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-15T07:45:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-15T05:45:37Z", "ms": -1944929663313.44 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-16T06:32:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-16T04:32:13Z", "ms": -1944847666645.3726 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-15T11:27:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-15T09:27:22Z", "ms": -1944916358282.8125 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-15T12:15:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-15T10:15:22Z", "ms": -1944913478282.8125 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-16T11:27:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-16T09:27:22Z", "ms": -1944829958003.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-16T12:15:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-16T10:15:22Z", "ms": -1944827078003.8813 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:46 on Fri 15 May to 06:32 on Sat 16 May.", "fact": "1908-05-15T05:45:37Z → 1908-05-16T04:32:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 15th, 11:27–12:15 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13305 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Cairo, 1908: Friday 15 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1908 falls on Friday 15 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:46 on Fri 15 May to 06:32 on Sat 16 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13305, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-05-15T07:45:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-15T05:45:37Z", "ms": -1944929663313.44 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-16T06:32:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-16T04:32:13Z", "ms": -1944847666645.3726 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-15T07:45:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-15T05:45:37Z", "ms": -1944929663313.44 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-16T06:32:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-16T04:32:13Z", "ms": -1944847666645.3726 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-15T11:27:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-15T09:27:22Z", "ms": -1944916358282.8125 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-15T12:15:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-15T10:15:22Z", "ms": -1944913478282.8125 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-16T11:27:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-16T09:27:22Z", "ms": -1944829958003.8813 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-16T12:15:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-16T10:15:22Z", "ms": -1944827078003.8813 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:46 on Fri 15 May to 06:32 on Sat 16 May.", "fact": "1908-05-15T05:45:37Z → 1908-05-16T04:32:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 15th, 11:27–12:15 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13305 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Friday 15 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1908 falls on Friday 15 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:46 on Fri 15 May to 06:32 on Sat 16 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-05-19", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 329, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-05-19T00:43:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-18T22:43:18Z", "ms": -1944609401866.5007 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-19T22:24:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-19T20:24:09Z", "ms": -1944531351222.7925 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-19T00:43:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-18T22:43:18Z", "ms": -1944609401866.5007 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-19T22:24:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-19T20:24:09Z", "ms": -1944531351222.7925 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-18T21:16:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-18T19:16:51Z", "ms": -1944621789466.7952 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-18T21:16:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-18T19:16:51Z", "ms": -1944621789466.7952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-19T22:18:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-19T20:18:39Z", "ms": -1944531680606.4722 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-19T22:18:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-19T20:18:39Z", "ms": -1944531680606.4722 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:43 on Tue 19 May to 22:24 on Tue 19 May.", "fact": "1908-05-18T22:43:18Z → 1908-05-19T20:24:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:17 on the 18th and 22:19 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 329 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1908 falls on Tuesday 19 May. Caturthī runs from 00:43 on Tue 19 May to 22:24 on Tue 19 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-05-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-05-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10323, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-05-25T09:22:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-25T07:22:32Z", "ms": -1944059848381.6453 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-26T07:48:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-26T05:48:22Z", "ms": -1943979097698.4492 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-25T09:22:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-25T07:22:32Z", "ms": -1944059848381.6453 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-26T07:48:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-26T05:48:22Z", "ms": -1943979097698.4492 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-25T04:56:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-25T02:56:43Z", "ms": -1944075796990.654 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-25T04:56:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-25T02:56:43Z", "ms": -1944075796990.654 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-26T04:56:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-26T02:56:19Z", "ms": -1943989420880.8608 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-26T04:56:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-26T02:56:19Z", "ms": -1943989420880.8608 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:23 on Mon 25 May to 07:48 on Tue 26 May.", "fact": "1908-05-25T07:22:32Z → 1908-05-26T05:48:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:57 on the 25th and 04:56 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10323 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 26 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Aparā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Tuesday 26 May. Ekādaśī runs from 09:23 on Mon 25 May to 07:48 on Tue 26 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-05-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-05-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34211, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-05-27T06:32:42+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-27T04:32:42Z", "ms": -1943897238235.5974 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-28T05:39:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-28T03:39:17Z", "ms": -1943814042533.6445 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-27T06:32:42+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-27T04:32:42Z", "ms": -1943897238235.5974 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-28T05:39:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-28T03:39:17Z", "ms": -1943814042533.6445 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-26T18:47:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-26T16:47:31Z", "ms": -1943939548568.2827 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-26T20:08:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-26T18:08:39Z", "ms": -1943934681206.1091 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-27T18:48:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-27T16:48:06Z", "ms": -1943853113615.6875 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-27T20:09:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-27T18:09:06Z", "ms": -1943848253720.392 } }, "covered_min": 81, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:33 on Wed 27 May to 05:39 on Thu 28 May.", "fact": "1908-05-27T04:32:42Z → 1908-05-28T03:39:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:48–20:09 on the 26th, 18:48–20:09 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 81 minutes on the 26th and 81 of 81 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34211 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 27 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Wednesday 27 May. Trayodaśī runs from 06:33 on Wed 27 May to 05:39 on Thu 28 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-05-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-05-28", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17764, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-05-28T05:39:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-28T03:39:17Z", "ms": -1943814042533.6445 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-29T05:12:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-29T03:12:02Z", "ms": -1943729277827.419 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-05-28T05:39:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-28T03:39:17Z", "ms": -1943814042533.6445 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-29T05:12:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-29T03:12:02Z", "ms": -1943729277827.419 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-27T23:27:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-27T21:27:51Z", "ms": -1943836329008.3298 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-28T00:15:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-27T22:15:51Z", "ms": -1943833449008.3298 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-05-28T23:27:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-28T21:27:58Z", "ms": -1943749921573.3801 }, "end": { "local": "1908-05-29T00:15:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-05-28T22:15:58Z", "ms": -1943747041573.3801 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:39 on Thu 28 May to 05:12 on Fri 29 May.", "fact": "1908-05-28T03:39:17Z → 1908-05-29T03:12:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:28–00:16 on the 27th, 23:28–00:16 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17764 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śivarātri 1908 falls on Thursday 28 May. Caturdaśī runs from 05:39 on Thu 28 May to 05:12 on Fri 29 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-05-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10408, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1908-06-01T06:56:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-01T04:56:37Z", "ms": -1943463802555.2 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-02T08:35:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-02T06:35:20Z", "ms": -1943371479975.0593 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-01T06:56:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-01T04:56:37Z", "ms": -1943463802555.2 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-02T08:35:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-02T06:35:20Z", "ms": -1943371479975.0593 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-01T11:28:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-01T09:28:40Z", "ms": -1943447480393.7104 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-01T12:16:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-01T10:16:40Z", "ms": -1943444600393.7104 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-02T11:28:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-02T09:28:48Z", "ms": -1943361071527.1465 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-02T12:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-02T10:16:48Z", "ms": -1943358191527.1465 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 06:57 on Mon 1 Jun to 08:35 on Tue 2 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-01T04:56:37Z → 1908-06-02T06:35:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:29–12:17 on the 1st, 11:29–12:17 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10408 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Cairo, 1908: Monday 1 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1908 falls on Monday 1 June. Tṛtīyā runs from 06:57 on Mon 1 Jun to 08:35 on Tue 2 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-06-02", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2929, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-06-02T08:35:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-02T06:35:20Z", "ms": -1943371479975.0593 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-03T10:40:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-03T08:40:09Z", "ms": -1943277591358.8413 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-02T08:35:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-02T06:35:20Z", "ms": -1943371479975.0593 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-03T10:40:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-03T08:40:09Z", "ms": -1943277591358.8413 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-02T11:28:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-02T09:28:48Z", "ms": -1943361071527.1465 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-02T12:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-02T10:16:48Z", "ms": -1943358191527.1465 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-03T11:28:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-03T09:28:58Z", "ms": -1943274662288.8076 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-03T12:16:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-03T10:16:58Z", "ms": -1943271782288.8076 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:35 on Tue 2 Jun to 10:40 on Wed 3 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-02T06:35:20Z → 1908-06-03T08:40:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:29–12:17 on the 2nd, 11:29–12:17 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2929 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 2 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-02", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vināyaka Caturthī 1908 falls on Tuesday 2 June. Caturthī runs from 08:35 on Tue 2 Jun to 10:40 on Wed 3 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-06-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2725, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1908-06-04T13:02:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-04T11:02:33Z", "ms": -1943182647495.626 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-05T15:30:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-05T13:30:59Z", "ms": -1943087340620.795 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-04T13:02:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-04T11:02:33Z", "ms": -1943182647495.626 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-05T15:30:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-05T13:30:59Z", "ms": -1943087340620.795 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-04T11:29:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-04T09:29:07Z", "ms": -1943188252698.478 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-04T12:17:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-04T10:17:07Z", "ms": -1943185372698.478 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-05T11:29:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-05T09:29:17Z", "ms": -1943101842775.7778 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-05T12:17:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-05T10:17:17Z", "ms": -1943098962775.7778 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:03 on Thu 4 Jun to 15:31 on Fri 5 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-04T11:02:33Z → 1908-06-05T13:30:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:29–12:17 on the 4th, 11:29–12:17 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2725 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Friday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1908 falls on Friday 5 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:03 on Thu 4 Jun to 15:31 on Fri 5 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2725, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1908-06-04T13:02:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-04T11:02:33Z", "ms": -1943182647495.626 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-05T15:30:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-05T13:30:59Z", "ms": -1943087340620.795 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-04T13:02:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-04T11:02:33Z", "ms": -1943182647495.626 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-05T15:30:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-05T13:30:59Z", "ms": -1943087340620.795 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-04T11:29:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-04T09:29:07Z", "ms": -1943188252698.478 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-04T12:17:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-04T10:17:07Z", "ms": -1943185372698.478 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-05T11:29:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-05T09:29:17Z", "ms": -1943101842775.7778 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-05T12:17:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-05T10:17:17Z", "ms": -1943098962775.7778 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:03 on Thu 4 Jun to 15:31 on Fri 5 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-04T11:02:33Z → 1908-06-05T13:30:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:29–12:17 on the 4th, 11:29–12:17 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2725 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Cairo, 1908: Friday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1908 falls on Friday 5 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:03 on Thu 4 Jun to 15:31 on Fri 5 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-06-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23911, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-06-09T22:09:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-09T20:09:58Z", "ms": -1942717801713.1096 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-10T22:14:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-10T20:14:39Z", "ms": -1942631121243.5112 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-09T22:09:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-09T20:09:58Z", "ms": -1942717801713.1096 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-10T22:14:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-10T20:14:39Z", "ms": -1942631121243.5112 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-10T04:53:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-10T02:53:11Z", "ms": -1942693609315.9038 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-10T04:53:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-10T02:53:11Z", "ms": -1942693609315.9038 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-11T04:53:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-11T02:53:09Z", "ms": -1942607210730.38 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-11T04:53:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-11T02:53:09Z", "ms": -1942607210730.38 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:10 on Tue 9 Jun to 22:15 on Wed 10 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-09T20:09:58Z → 1908-06-10T20:14:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:53 on the 10th and 04:53 on the 11th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23911 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 10 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Wednesday 10 June. Ekādaśī runs from 22:10 on Tue 9 Jun to 22:15 on Wed 10 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-06-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33414, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-06-10T22:14:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-10T20:14:39Z", "ms": -1942631121243.5112 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-11T21:35:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-11T19:35:17Z", "ms": -1942547083473.7756 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-10T22:14:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-10T20:14:39Z", "ms": -1942631121243.5112 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-11T21:35:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-11T19:35:17Z", "ms": -1942547083473.7756 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-10T11:30:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-10T09:30:11Z", "ms": -1942669788865.8794 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-10T12:18:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-10T10:18:11Z", "ms": -1942666908865.8794 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-11T11:30:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-11T09:30:23Z", "ms": -1942583377361.2993 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-11T12:18:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-11T10:18:23Z", "ms": -1942580497361.2993 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 22:15 on Wed 10 Jun to 21:35 on Thu 11 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-10T20:14:39Z → 1908-06-11T19:35:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:30–12:18 on the 10th, 11:30–12:18 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33414 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1908 falls on Thursday 11 June. Dvādaśī runs from 22:15 on Wed 10 Jun to 21:35 on Thu 11 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-06-12", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-12", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 37, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-06-11T21:35:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-11T19:35:17Z", "ms": -1942547083473.7756 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-12T20:15:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-12T18:15:00Z", "ms": -1942465500449.8777 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-11T21:35:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-11T19:35:17Z", "ms": -1942547083473.7756 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-12T20:15:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-12T18:15:00Z", "ms": -1942465500449.8777 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-11T18:55:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-11T16:55:36Z", "ms": -1942556663992.219 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-11T20:15:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-11T18:15:16Z", "ms": -1942551883565.7786 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-12T18:55:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-12T16:55:59Z", "ms": -1942470240526.3835 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-12T20:15:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-12T18:15:37Z", "ms": -1942465463058.4805 } }, "covered_min": 79, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:35 on Thu 11 Jun to 20:15 on Fri 12 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-11T19:35:17Z → 1908-06-12T18:15:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:56–20:15 on the 11th, 18:56–20:16 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 80 minutes on the 11th and 79 of 80 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Friday 12 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Friday 12 June. Trayodaśī runs from 21:35 on Thu 11 Jun to 20:15 on Fri 12 Jun and covers 79 of 80 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It is 0 min 37 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-06-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2226, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-06-13T18:19:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-13T16:19:16Z", "ms": -1942386043795.955 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-14T15:55:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-14T13:55:04Z", "ms": -1942308296091.3787 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-13T18:19:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-13T16:19:16Z", "ms": -1942386043795.955 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-14T15:55:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-14T13:55:04Z", "ms": -1942308296091.3787 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-13T18:56:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-13T16:56:22Z", "ms": -1942383818043.9844 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-13T20:15:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-13T18:15:57Z", "ms": -1942379043226.2634 } }, "covered_min": 80, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-14T18:56:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-14T16:56:43Z", "ms": -1942297396569.3198 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-14T20:16:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-14T18:16:16Z", "ms": -1942292624091.7349 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:19 on Sat 13 Jun to 15:55 on Sun 14 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-13T16:19:16Z → 1908-06-14T13:55:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:56–20:16 on the 13th, 18:57–20:16 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 80 of 80 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 80 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2226 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 13 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1908 falls on Saturday 13 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:19 on Sat 13 Jun to 15:55 on Sun 14 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-06-17", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22104, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-06-17T07:09:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-17T05:09:39Z", "ms": -1942080620783.4832 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-18T04:09:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-18T02:09:20Z", "ms": -1942005039757.399 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-17T07:09:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-17T05:09:39Z", "ms": -1942080620783.4832 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-18T04:09:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-18T02:09:20Z", "ms": -1942005039757.399 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-16T21:06:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-16T19:06:30Z", "ms": -1942116809907.861 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-16T21:06:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-16T19:06:30Z", "ms": -1942116809907.861 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-17T22:00:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-17T20:00:56Z", "ms": -1942027144192.2869 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-17T22:00:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-17T20:00:56Z", "ms": -1942027144192.2869 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:10 on Wed 17 Jun to 04:09 on Thu 18 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-17T05:09:39Z → 1908-06-18T02:09:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:07 on the 16th and 22:01 on the 17th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22104 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 17 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1908 falls on Wednesday 17 June. Caturthī runs from 07:10 on Wed 17 Jun to 04:09 on Thu 18 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-06-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-06-24", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38709, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-06-23T16:08:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-23T14:08:47Z", "ms": -1941529873480.1343 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-24T15:39:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-24T13:39:58Z", "ms": -1941445201546.7292 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-23T16:08:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-23T14:08:47Z", "ms": -1941529873480.1343 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-24T15:39:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-24T13:39:58Z", "ms": -1941445201546.7292 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-23T04:54:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-23T02:54:34Z", "ms": -1941570325864.579 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-23T04:54:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-23T02:54:34Z", "ms": -1941570325864.579 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-24T04:54:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-24T02:54:49Z", "ms": -1941483910789.2322 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-24T04:54:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-24T02:54:49Z", "ms": -1941483910789.2322 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:09 on Tue 23 Jun to 15:40 on Wed 24 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-23T14:08:47Z → 1908-06-24T13:39:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:55 on the 23rd and 04:55 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38709 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 24 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Wednesday 24 June. Ekādaśī runs from 16:09 on Tue 23 Jun to 15:40 on Wed 24 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-06-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-06-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10177, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-06-25T15:40:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-25T13:40:29Z", "ms": -1941358770504.2754 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-26T16:09:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-26T14:09:57Z", "ms": -1941270603278.9285 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-25T15:40:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-25T13:40:29Z", "ms": -1941358770504.2754 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-26T16:09:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-26T14:09:57Z", "ms": -1941270603278.9285 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-25T18:59:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-25T16:59:26Z", "ms": -1941346833523.7114 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-25T20:18:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-25T18:18:54Z", "ms": -1941342066025.945 } }, "covered_min": 79, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-26T18:59:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-26T16:59:34Z", "ms": -1941260425972.9976 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-26T20:19:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-26T18:19:03Z", "ms": -1941255657033.629 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:40 on Thu 25 Jun to 16:10 on Fri 26 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-25T13:40:29Z → 1908-06-26T14:09:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:59–20:19 on the 25th, 19:00–20:19 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 79 of 79 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 79 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10177 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 25 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Thursday 25 June. Trayodaśī runs from 15:40 on Thu 25 Jun to 16:10 on Fri 26 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-06-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-06-26", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23185, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-06-26T16:09:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-26T14:09:57Z", "ms": -1941270603278.9285 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-27T17:07:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-27T15:07:25Z", "ms": -1941180754964.3198 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-26T16:09:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-26T14:09:57Z", "ms": -1941270603278.9285 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-27T17:07:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-27T15:07:25Z", "ms": -1941180754964.3198 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-26T23:33:38+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-26T21:33:38Z", "ms": -1941243982450.3652 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-27T00:21:38+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-26T22:21:38Z", "ms": -1941241102450.3652 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-27T23:33:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-27T21:33:50Z", "ms": -1941157569634.1667 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-28T00:21:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-27T22:21:50Z", "ms": -1941154689634.1667 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:10 on Fri 26 Jun to 17:07 on Sat 27 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-26T14:09:57Z → 1908-06-27T15:07:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:34–00:22 on the 26th, 23:34–00:22 on the 27th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23185 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Friday 26 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śivarātri 1908 falls on Friday 26 June. Caturdaśī runs from 16:10 on Fri 26 Jun to 17:07 on Sat 27 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-06-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28625, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1908-06-29T20:19:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-29T18:19:10Z", "ms": -1940996450202.069 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-30T22:27:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-30T20:27:02Z", "ms": -1940902378413.9343 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-06-29T20:19:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-29T18:19:10Z", "ms": -1940996450202.069 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-30T22:27:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-30T20:27:02Z", "ms": -1940902378413.9343 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-29T11:34:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-29T09:34:05Z", "ms": -1941027955213.9395 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-29T12:22:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-29T10:22:05Z", "ms": -1941025075213.9395 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-06-30T11:34:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-30T09:34:17Z", "ms": -1940941543447.9902 }, "end": { "local": "1908-06-30T12:22:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-06-30T10:22:17Z", "ms": -1940938663447.9902 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 20:19 on Mon 29 Jun to 22:27 on Tue 30 Jun.", "fact": "1908-06-29T18:19:10Z → 1908-06-30T20:27:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 29th, 11:34–12:22 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28625 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Rathayātrā 1908 falls on Tuesday 30 June. Dvitīyā runs from 20:19 on Mon 29 Jun to 22:27 on Tue 30 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-07-02", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29802, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-07-02T00:49:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-01T22:49:15Z", "ms": -1940807444991.9578 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-03T03:18:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-03T01:18:08Z", "ms": -1940712112083.9075 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-02T00:49:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-01T22:49:15Z", "ms": -1940807444991.9578 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-03T03:18:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-03T01:18:08Z", "ms": -1940712112083.9075 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-02T11:34:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-02T09:34:39Z", "ms": -1940768720630.1128 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-02T12:22:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-02T10:22:39Z", "ms": -1940765840630.1128 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-03T11:34:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-03T09:34:50Z", "ms": -1940682309627.1343 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-03T12:22:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-03T10:22:50Z", "ms": -1940679429627.1343 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:49 on Thu 2 Jul to 03:18 on Fri 3 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-01T22:49:15Z → 1908-07-03T01:18:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 2nd, 11:35–12:23 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29802 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vināyaka Caturthī 1908 falls on Thursday 2 July. Caturthī runs from 00:49 on Thu 2 Jul to 03:18 on Fri 3 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-07-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21057, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1908-07-03T03:18:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-03T01:18:08Z", "ms": -1940712112083.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-04T05:44:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-04T03:44:04Z", "ms": -1940616956043.3608 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-03T03:18:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-03T01:18:08Z", "ms": -1940712112083.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-04T05:44:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-04T03:44:04Z", "ms": -1940616956043.3608 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-03T11:34:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-03T09:34:50Z", "ms": -1940682309627.1343 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-03T12:22:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-03T10:22:50Z", "ms": -1940679429627.1343 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-04T11:35:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-04T09:35:01Z", "ms": -1940595898925.73 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-04T12:23:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-04T10:23:01Z", "ms": -1940593018925.73 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 03:18 on Fri 3 Jul to 05:44 on Sat 4 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-03T01:18:08Z → 1908-07-04T03:44:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 3rd, 11:35–12:23 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21057 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Cairo, 1908: Friday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Skanda Pañcamī 1908 falls on Friday 3 July. Pañcamī runs from 03:18 on Fri 3 Jul to 05:44 on Sat 4 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6712, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1908-07-05T07:56:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-05T05:56:11Z", "ms": -1940522628873.499 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-06T09:43:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-06T07:43:29Z", "ms": -1940429790630.6023 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-05T07:56:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-05T05:56:11Z", "ms": -1940522628873.499 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-06T09:43:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-06T07:43:29Z", "ms": -1940429790630.6023 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-05T11:35:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-05T09:35:11Z", "ms": -1940509488548.1782 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-05T12:23:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-05T10:23:11Z", "ms": -1940506608548.1782 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-06T11:35:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-06T09:35:21Z", "ms": -1940423078515.6348 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-06T12:23:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-06T10:23:21Z", "ms": -1940420198515.6348 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 07:56 on Sun 5 Jul to 09:43 on Mon 6 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-05T05:56:11Z → 1908-07-06T07:43:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 5th, 11:35–12:23 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6712 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vivasvat Saptamī 1908 falls on Sunday 5 July. Saptamī runs from 07:56 on Sun 5 Jul to 09:43 on Mon 6 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-07-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18572, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-07-09T11:12:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-09T09:12:02Z", "ms": -1940165278026.3794 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-10T10:10:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-10T08:10:34Z", "ms": -1940082566295.8115 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-09T11:12:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-09T09:12:02Z", "ms": -1940165278026.3794 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-10T10:10:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-10T08:10:34Z", "ms": -1940082566295.8115 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-09T05:00:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-09T03:00:33Z", "ms": -1940187567452.5276 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-09T05:00:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-09T03:00:33Z", "ms": -1940187567452.5276 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-10T05:01:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-10T03:01:02Z", "ms": -1940101138240.3027 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-10T05:01:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-10T03:01:02Z", "ms": -1940101138240.3027 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:12 on Thu 9 Jul to 10:11 on Fri 10 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-09T09:12:02Z → 1908-07-10T08:10:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:01 on the 9th and 05:01 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18572 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Friday 10 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Friday 10 July. Ekādaśī runs from 11:12 on Thu 9 Jul to 10:11 on Fri 10 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-07-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-07-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34938, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-07-11T08:25:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-11T06:25:17Z", "ms": -1940002482930.4338 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-12T06:01:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-12T04:01:25Z", "ms": -1939924714807.4226 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-11T08:25:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-11T06:25:17Z", "ms": -1940002482930.4338 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-12T06:01:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-12T04:01:25Z", "ms": -1939924714807.4226 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-10T18:58:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-10T16:58:54Z", "ms": -1940050866195.617 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-10T20:19:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-10T18:19:15Z", "ms": -1940046045158.912 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-11T18:58:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-11T16:58:40Z", "ms": -1939964479950.1707 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-11T20:19:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-11T18:19:07Z", "ms": -1939959653026.4136 } }, "covered_min": 80, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:25 on Sat 11 Jul to 06:01 on Sun 12 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-11T06:25:17Z → 1908-07-12T04:01:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:59–20:19 on the 10th, 18:59–20:19 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 80 minutes on the 10th and 80 of 80 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34938 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 11 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Saturday 11 July. Trayodaśī runs from 08:25 on Sat 11 Jul to 06:01 on Sun 12 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-07-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6987, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-07-13T03:06:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T01:06:06Z", "ms": -1939848834229.6116 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-13T23:47:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T21:47:43Z", "ms": -1939774336613.882 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-13T03:06:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T01:06:06Z", "ms": -1939848834229.6116 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-13T23:47:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T21:47:43Z", "ms": -1939774336613.882 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-13T05:02:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T03:02:33Z", "ms": -1939841847073.4175 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-13T07:49:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T05:49:40Z", "ms": -1939831820030.0173 } }, "covered_min": 167, "window_min": 167, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-14T05:03:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-14T03:03:04Z", "ms": -1939755415601.3809 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-14T07:50:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-14T05:50:02Z", "ms": -1939745398480.1294 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 167, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:06 on Mon 13 Jul to 23:48 on Mon 13 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-13T01:06:06Z → 1908-07-13T21:47:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:03–07:50 on the 13th, 05:03–07:50 on the 14th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 167 of 167 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 167 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6987 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Cairo, 1908: Monday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vyāsa Pūjā 1908 falls on Monday 13 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:06 on Mon 13 Jul to 23:48 on Mon 13 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30615, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-07-13T03:06:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T01:06:06Z", "ms": -1939848834229.6116 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-13T23:47:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T21:47:43Z", "ms": -1939774336613.882 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-13T03:06:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T01:06:06Z", "ms": -1939848834229.6116 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-13T23:47:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T21:47:43Z", "ms": -1939774336613.882 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-13T11:36:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T09:36:21Z", "ms": -1939818219464.9175 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-13T12:24:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T10:24:21Z", "ms": -1939815339464.9175 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-14T11:36:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-14T09:36:27Z", "ms": -1939731812798.252 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-14T12:24:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-14T10:24:27Z", "ms": -1939728932798.252 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:06 on Mon 13 Jul to 23:48 on Mon 13 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-13T01:06:06Z → 1908-07-13T21:47:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 13th, 11:36–12:24 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30615 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Cairo, 1908: Monday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Guru Pūrṇimā 1908 falls on Monday 13 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:06 on Mon 13 Jul to 23:48 on Mon 13 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17375, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-07-13T03:06:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T01:06:06Z", "ms": -1939848834229.6116 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-13T23:47:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T21:47:43Z", "ms": -1939774336613.882 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-13T03:06:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T01:06:06Z", "ms": -1939848834229.6116 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-13T23:47:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T21:47:43Z", "ms": -1939774336613.882 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-12T16:11:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-12T14:11:08Z", "ms": -1939888131742.2908 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-12T18:58:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-12T16:58:25Z", "ms": -1939878095172.3652 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 167, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-13T16:11:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T14:11:01Z", "ms": -1939801738899.8174 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-13T18:58:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T16:58:08Z", "ms": -1939791711856.4172 } }, "covered_min": 167, "window_min": 167, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:06 on Mon 13 Jul to 23:48 on Mon 13 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-13T01:06:06Z → 1908-07-13T21:47:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:11–18:58 on the 12th, 16:11–18:58 on the 13th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 167 minutes on the 12th and 167 of 167 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17375 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Monday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kokilā Vrata 1908 falls on Monday 13 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:06 on Mon 13 Jul to 23:48 on Mon 13 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12536, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-07-13T03:06:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T01:06:06Z", "ms": -1939848834229.6116 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-13T23:47:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T21:47:43Z", "ms": -1939774336613.882 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-13T03:06:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T01:06:06Z", "ms": -1939848834229.6116 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-13T23:47:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T21:47:43Z", "ms": -1939774336613.882 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-12T18:58:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-12T16:58:25Z", "ms": -1939878095172.3652 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-12T20:18:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-12T18:18:58Z", "ms": -1939873262092.5056 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-13T18:58:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T16:58:08Z", "ms": -1939791711856.4172 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-13T20:18:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-13T18:18:48Z", "ms": -1939786872355.7456 } }, "covered_min": 81, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:06 on Mon 13 Jul to 23:48 on Mon 13 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-13T01:06:06Z → 1908-07-13T21:47:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:58–20:19 on the 12th, 18:58–20:19 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 81 minutes on the 12th and 81 of 81 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12536 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Cairo, 1908: Monday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śiva Śayanotsava 1908 falls on Monday 13 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:06 on Mon 13 Jul to 23:48 on Mon 13 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1624, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1908-07-14T20:15:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-14T18:15:28Z", "ms": -1939700671761.7935 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-15T16:38:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-15T14:38:51Z", "ms": -1939627269027.6592 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-14T20:15:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-14T18:15:28Z", "ms": -1939700671761.7935 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-15T16:38:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-15T14:38:51Z", "ms": -1939627269027.6592 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-14T19:48:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-14T17:48:25Z", "ms": -1939702295451.6165 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-14T19:48:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-14T17:48:25Z", "ms": -1939702295451.6165 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-07-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-15T20:40:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-15T18:40:44Z", "ms": -1939612756125.4248 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-15T20:40:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-15T18:40:44Z", "ms": -1939612756125.4248 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 20:15 on Tue 14 Jul to 16:39 on Wed 15 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-14T18:15:28Z → 1908-07-15T14:38:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:48 on the 14th and 20:41 on the 15th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1624 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 14 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-14", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1908 falls on Tuesday 14 July. Dvitīyā runs from 20:15 on Tue 14 Jul to 16:39 on Wed 15 Jul, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-07-16", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29953, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-07-16T13:07:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-16T11:07:21Z", "ms": -1939553558735.5903 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-17T09:50:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-17T07:50:07Z", "ms": -1939478992832.8906 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-16T13:07:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-16T11:07:21Z", "ms": -1939553558735.5903 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-17T09:50:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-17T07:50:07Z", "ms": -1939478992832.8906 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-16T21:26:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-16T19:26:34Z", "ms": -1939523605783.1797 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-16T21:26:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-16T19:26:34Z", "ms": -1939523605783.1797 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-17T22:07:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-17T20:07:12Z", "ms": -1939434767565.6533 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-17T22:07:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-17T20:07:12Z", "ms": -1939434767565.6533 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:07 on Thu 16 Jul to 09:50 on Fri 17 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-16T11:07:21Z → 1908-07-17T07:50:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:27 on the 16th and 22:07 on the 17th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29953 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 16 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1908 falls on Thursday 16 July. Caturthī runs from 13:07 on Thu 16 Jul to 09:50 on Fri 17 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-07-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-07-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11491, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-07-23T01:11:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-22T23:11:34Z", "ms": -1938991705703.4854 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-24T01:57:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-23T23:57:11Z", "ms": -1938902568718.2102 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-23T01:11:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-22T23:11:34Z", "ms": -1938991705703.4854 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-24T01:57:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-23T23:57:11Z", "ms": -1938902568718.2102 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-23T05:08:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-23T03:08:07Z", "ms": -1938977512950.3943 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-23T05:08:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-23T03:08:07Z", "ms": -1938977512950.3943 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-24T05:08:42+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-24T03:08:42Z", "ms": -1938891077652.842 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-24T05:08:42+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-24T03:08:42Z", "ms": -1938891077652.842 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:12 on Thu 23 Jul to 01:57 on Fri 24 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-22T23:11:34Z → 1908-07-23T23:57:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:08 on the 23rd and 05:09 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11491 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 23 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Thursday 23 July. Ekādaśī runs from 01:12 on Thu 23 Jul to 01:57 on Fri 24 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-07-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-07-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25111, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-07-25T03:14:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-25T01:14:08Z", "ms": -1938811552268.7698 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-26T04:56:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-26T02:56:50Z", "ms": -1938718989508.4353 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-25T03:14:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-25T01:14:08Z", "ms": -1938811552268.7698 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-26T04:56:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-26T02:56:50Z", "ms": -1938718989508.4353 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-24T18:53:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-24T16:53:30Z", "ms": -1938841589503.3538 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-24T20:15:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-24T18:15:37Z", "ms": -1938836663186.2603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-25T18:52:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-25T16:52:57Z", "ms": -1938755223069.275 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-25T20:15:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-25T18:15:12Z", "ms": -1938750287512.8115 } }, "covered_min": 82, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:14 on Sat 25 Jul to 04:57 on Sun 26 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-25T01:14:08Z → 1908-07-26T02:56:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:54–20:16 on the 24th, 18:53–20:15 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 82 minutes on the 24th and 82 of 82 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25111 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 25 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Saturday 25 July. Trayodaśī runs from 03:14 on Sat 25 Jul to 04:57 on Sun 26 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-07-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-07-26", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16285, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-07-26T04:56:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-26T02:56:50Z", "ms": -1938718989508.4353 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-27T06:59:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-27T04:59:33Z", "ms": -1938625226563.5486 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-26T04:56:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-26T02:56:50Z", "ms": -1938718989508.4353 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-27T06:59:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-27T04:59:33Z", "ms": -1938625226563.5486 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-25T23:37:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-25T21:37:25Z", "ms": -1938738154732.5374 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-26T00:25:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-25T22:25:25Z", "ms": -1938735274732.5374 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-26T23:37:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-26T21:37:26Z", "ms": -1938651754236.8945 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-27T00:25:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-26T22:25:26Z", "ms": -1938648874236.8945 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:57 on Sun 26 Jul to 07:00 on Mon 27 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-26T02:56:50Z → 1908-07-27T04:59:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:37–00:25 on the 25th, 23:37–00:25 on the 26th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16285 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 26 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śivarātri 1908 falls on Sunday 26 July. Caturdaśī runs from 04:57 on Sun 26 Jul to 07:00 on Mon 27 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-07-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-07-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6408, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1908-07-30T14:11:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-30T12:11:51Z", "ms": -1938340088920.7944 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-31T16:38:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-31T14:38:13Z", "ms": -1938244906789.6824 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-30T14:11:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-30T12:11:51Z", "ms": -1938340088920.7944 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-31T16:38:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-31T14:38:13Z", "ms": -1938244906789.6824 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-30T11:37:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-30T09:37:04Z", "ms": -1938349376430.594 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-30T12:25:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-30T10:25:04Z", "ms": -1938346496430.594 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-31T11:37:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-31T09:37:01Z", "ms": -1938262978992.0095 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-31T12:25:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-31T10:25:01Z", "ms": -1938260098992.0095 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 14:12 on Thu 30 Jul to 16:38 on Fri 31 Jul.", "fact": "1908-07-30T12:11:51Z → 1908-07-31T14:38:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 30th, 11:37–12:25 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6408 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Cairo, 1908: Friday 31 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1908 falls on Friday 31 July. Tṛtīyā runs from 14:12 on Thu 30 Jul to 16:38 on Fri 31 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-08-01", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15192, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-07-31T16:38:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-31T14:38:13Z", "ms": -1938244906789.6824 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-01T18:54:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-01T16:54:44Z", "ms": -1938150315926.865 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-07-31T16:38:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-31T14:38:13Z", "ms": -1938244906789.6824 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-01T18:54:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-01T16:54:44Z", "ms": -1938150315926.865 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-07-31T11:37:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-31T09:37:01Z", "ms": -1938262978992.0095 }, "end": { "local": "1908-07-31T12:25:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-07-31T10:25:01Z", "ms": -1938260098992.0095 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-01T11:36:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-01T09:36:58Z", "ms": -1938176582162.982 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-01T12:24:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-01T10:24:58Z", "ms": -1938173702162.982 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:38 on Fri 31 Jul to 18:55 on Sat 1 Aug.", "fact": "1908-07-31T14:38:13Z → 1908-08-01T16:54:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 31st, 11:37–12:25 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15192 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vināyaka Caturthī 1908 falls on Saturday 1 August. Caturthī runs from 16:38 on Fri 31 Jul to 18:55 on Sat 1 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-08-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23386, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-01T18:54:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-01T16:54:44Z", "ms": -1938150315926.865 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-02T20:53:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-02T18:53:33Z", "ms": -1938056786594.7798 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-01T18:54:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-01T16:54:44Z", "ms": -1938150315926.865 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-02T20:53:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-02T18:53:33Z", "ms": -1938056786594.7798 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-01T11:36:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-01T09:36:58Z", "ms": -1938176582162.982 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-01T12:24:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-01T10:24:58Z", "ms": -1938173702162.982 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-02T11:36:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-02T09:36:54Z", "ms": -1938090185946.2285 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-02T12:24:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-02T10:24:54Z", "ms": -1938087305946.2285 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:55 on Sat 1 Aug to 20:54 on Sun 2 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-01T16:54:44Z → 1908-08-02T18:53:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 1st, 11:37–12:25 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23386 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Nāga Pañcamī 1908 falls on Sunday 2 August. Pañcamī runs from 18:55 on Sat 1 Aug to 20:54 on Sun 2 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-08-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25929, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-07T22:05:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-07T20:05:37Z", "ms": -1937620463471.0244 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-08T20:09:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-08T18:09:02Z", "ms": -1937541057558.0544 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-07T22:05:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-07T20:05:37Z", "ms": -1937620463471.0244 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-08T20:09:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-08T18:09:02Z", "ms": -1937541057558.0544 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-08T05:17:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-08T03:17:45Z", "ms": -1937594534932.8875 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-08T05:17:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-08T03:17:45Z", "ms": -1937594534932.8875 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-09T05:18:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-09T03:18:21Z", "ms": -1937508098838.0178 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-09T05:18:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-09T03:18:21Z", "ms": -1937508098838.0178 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:06 on Fri 7 Aug to 20:09 on Sat 8 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-07T20:05:37Z → 1908-08-08T18:09:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:18 on the 8th and 05:18 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25929 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Putradā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Saturday 8 August. Ekādaśī runs from 22:06 on Fri 7 Aug to 20:09 on Sat 8 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-08-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18500, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-08T20:09:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-08T18:09:02Z", "ms": -1937541057558.0544 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-09T17:32:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-09T15:32:30Z", "ms": -1937464049764.2 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-08T20:09:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-08T18:09:02Z", "ms": -1937541057558.0544 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-09T17:32:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-09T15:32:30Z", "ms": -1937464049764.2 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-08T11:36:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-08T09:36:18Z", "ms": -1937571821503.775 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-08T12:24:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-08T10:24:18Z", "ms": -1937568941503.775 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-09T11:36:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-09T09:36:10Z", "ms": -1937485429544.623 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-09T12:24:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-09T10:24:10Z", "ms": -1937482549544.623 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 20:09 on Sat 8 Aug to 17:33 on Sun 9 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-08T18:09:02Z → 1908-08-09T15:32:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 8th, 11:36–12:24 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18500 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1908 falls on Sunday 9 August. Dvādaśī runs from 20:09 on Sat 8 Aug to 17:33 on Sun 9 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-08-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4170, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-09T17:32:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-09T15:32:30Z", "ms": -1937464049764.2 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-10T14:22:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-10T12:22:44Z", "ms": -1937389036049.0352 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-09T17:32:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-09T15:32:30Z", "ms": -1937464049764.2 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-10T14:22:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-10T12:22:44Z", "ms": -1937389036049.0352 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-09T18:42:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-09T16:42:00Z", "ms": -1937459880251.228 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-09T20:06:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-09T18:06:55Z", "ms": -1937454784596.2961 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-10T18:41:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-10T16:41:06Z", "ms": -1937373533505.1758 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-10T20:06:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-10T18:06:14Z", "ms": -1937368425963.572 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:33 on Sun 9 Aug to 14:23 on Mon 10 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-09T15:32:30Z → 1908-08-10T12:22:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:42–20:07 on the 9th, 18:41–20:06 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 85 of 85 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 85 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4170 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Sunday 9 August. Trayodaśī runs from 17:33 on Sun 9 Aug to 14:23 on Mon 10 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-08-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-11", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 5912, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-08-11T10:48:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-11T08:48:13Z", "ms": -1937315507014.5332 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-12T06:58:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-12T04:58:40Z", "ms": -1937242879572.7134 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1908-08-11T20:54:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-11T18:54:41Z", "ms": -1937279119127.1243 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-12T06:58:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-12T04:58:40Z", "ms": -1937242879572.7134 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-11T05:19:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-11T03:19:33Z", "ms": -1937335226943.1477 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-12T05:20:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-12T03:20:09Z", "ms": -1937248791153.9907 } }, "covered_min": 505, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-12T05:20:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-12T03:20:09Z", "ms": -1937248791153.9907 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-13T05:20:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-13T03:20:45Z", "ms": -1937162355473.9448 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:48 on Tue 11 Aug to 06:59 on Wed 12 Aug. Its second half begins at 20:55 on Tue 11 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-11T08:48:13Z → 1908-08-12T04:58:40Z · second half from 1908-08-11T18:54:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:20 on the 11th, and from 05:20 on the 12th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 505 of 1441 minutes on the 11th and 99 of 1441 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 5912 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-11", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1908 falls on Tuesday 11 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 20:55 on Tue 11 Aug to 06:59 on Wed 12 Aug and falls on two days: 505 minutes of it on the 11th, 99 on the 12th; the rule does not say which to take, and the day that holds more of it is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2860, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-08-11T10:48:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-11T08:48:13Z", "ms": -1937315507014.5332 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-12T06:58:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-12T04:58:40Z", "ms": -1937242879572.7134 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-11T10:48:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-11T08:48:13Z", "ms": -1937315507014.5332 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-12T06:58:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-12T04:58:40Z", "ms": -1937242879572.7134 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-11T11:35:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-11T09:35:53Z", "ms": -1937312647376.2737 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-11T12:23:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-11T10:23:53Z", "ms": -1937309767376.2737 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-12T11:35:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-12T09:35:43Z", "ms": -1937226257145.13 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-12T12:23:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-12T10:23:43Z", "ms": -1937223377145.13 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:48 on Tue 11 Aug to 06:59 on Wed 12 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-11T08:48:13Z → 1908-08-12T04:58:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 11th, 11:36–12:24 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2860 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1908 falls on Tuesday 11 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:48 on Tue 11 Aug to 06:59 on Wed 12 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11805, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1908-08-13T03:04:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-13T01:04:35Z", "ms": -1937170524886.1213 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-13T23:16:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-13T21:16:47Z", "ms": -1937097793492.0698 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-13T03:04:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-13T01:04:35Z", "ms": -1937170524886.1213 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-13T23:16:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-13T21:16:47Z", "ms": -1937097793492.0698 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-12T19:15:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-12T17:15:56Z", "ms": -1937198644349.779 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-12T19:15:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-12T17:15:56Z", "ms": -1937198644349.779 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-13T20:00:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-13T18:00:01Z", "ms": -1937109598603.141 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-13T20:00:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-13T18:00:01Z", "ms": -1937109598603.141 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 03:05 on Thu 13 Aug to 23:17 on Thu 13 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-13T01:04:35Z → 1908-08-13T21:16:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:16 on the 12th and 20:00 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11805 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 13 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1908 falls on Thursday 13 August. Dvitīyā runs from 03:05 on Thu 13 Aug to 23:17 on Thu 13 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26558, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1908-08-13T23:16:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-13T21:16:47Z", "ms": -1937097793492.0698 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-14T19:45:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-14T17:45:59Z", "ms": -1937024040546.3071 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-13T23:16:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-13T21:16:47Z", "ms": -1937097793492.0698 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-14T19:45:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-14T17:45:59Z", "ms": -1937024040546.3071 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-13T11:35:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-13T09:35:33Z", "ms": -1937139867465.986 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-13T12:23:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-13T10:23:33Z", "ms": -1937136987465.986 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-14T11:35:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-14T09:35:22Z", "ms": -1937053478325.4463 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-14T12:23:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-14T10:23:22Z", "ms": -1937050598325.4463 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 23:17 on Thu 13 Aug to 19:46 on Fri 14 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-13T21:16:47Z → 1908-08-14T17:45:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 13th, 11:35–12:23 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26558 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Cairo, 1908: Friday 14 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1908 falls on Friday 14 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 23:17 on Thu 13 Aug to 19:46 on Fri 14 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-08-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3230, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-14T19:45:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-14T17:45:59Z", "ms": -1937024040546.3071 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-15T16:42:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-15T14:42:25Z", "ms": -1936948654895.3264 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-14T19:45:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-14T17:45:59Z", "ms": -1937024040546.3071 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-15T16:42:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-15T14:42:25Z", "ms": -1936948654895.3264 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-14T20:39:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-14T18:39:50Z", "ms": -1937020810347.8347 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-14T20:39:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-14T18:39:50Z", "ms": -1937020810347.8347 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-15T21:16:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-15T19:16:56Z", "ms": -1936932183784.514 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-15T21:16:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-15T19:16:56Z", "ms": -1936932183784.514 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:46 on Fri 14 Aug to 16:42 on Sat 15 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-14T17:45:59Z → 1908-08-15T14:42:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:40 on the 14th and 21:17 on the 15th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3230 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Friday 14 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1908 falls on Friday 14 August. Caturthī runs from 19:46 on Fri 14 Aug to 16:42 on Sat 15 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-08-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2694, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-14T19:45:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-14T17:45:59Z", "ms": -1937024040546.3071 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-15T16:42:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-15T14:42:25Z", "ms": -1936948654895.3264 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-14T19:45:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-14T17:45:59Z", "ms": -1937024040546.3071 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-15T16:42:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-15T14:42:25Z", "ms": -1936948654895.3264 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-14T15:58:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-14T13:58:11Z", "ms": -1937037709378.458 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-14T18:37:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-14T16:37:23Z", "ms": -1937028156747.1323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 159, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-15T15:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-15T13:57:31Z", "ms": -1936951348869.8987 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-15T18:36:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-15T16:36:25Z", "ms": -1936941814976.4697 } }, "covered_min": 45, "window_min": 159, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:46 on Fri 14 Aug to 16:42 on Sat 15 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-14T17:45:59Z → 1908-08-15T14:42:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:58–18:37 on the 14th, 15:58–18:36 on the 15th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 159 minutes on the 14th and 45 of 159 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2694 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Bahulā Caturthī 1908 falls on Saturday 15 August. Caturthī runs from 19:46 on Fri 14 Aug to 16:42 on Sat 15 Aug and covers 45 of 159 minutes of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 501, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-16T14:15:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-16T12:15:05Z", "ms": -1936871095062.3289 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-17T12:31:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-17T10:31:07Z", "ms": -1936790932796.5269 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-16T14:15:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-16T12:15:05Z", "ms": -1936871095062.3289 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-17T12:31:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-17T10:31:07Z", "ms": -1936790932796.5269 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-16T11:34:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-16T09:34:58Z", "ms": -1936880701606.6877 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-16T12:22:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-16T10:22:58Z", "ms": -1936877821606.6877 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-17T11:34:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-17T09:34:46Z", "ms": -1936794314002.962 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-17T12:22:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-17T10:22:46Z", "ms": -1936791434002.962 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:15 on Sun 16 Aug to 12:31 on Mon 17 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-16T12:15:05Z → 1908-08-17T10:31:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 16th, 11:35–12:23 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 501 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Cairo, 1908: Monday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1908 falls on Monday 17 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:15 on Sun 16 Aug to 12:31 on Mon 17 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39899, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-18T11:35:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-18T09:35:00Z", "ms": -1936707900249.7808 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-19T11:27:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-19T09:27:49Z", "ms": -1936621930777.2197 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-18T11:35:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-18T09:35:00Z", "ms": -1936707900249.7808 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-19T11:27:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-19T09:27:49Z", "ms": -1936621930777.2197 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-17T23:35:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-17T21:35:04Z", "ms": -1936751096440.6255 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-18T00:23:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-17T22:23:04Z", "ms": -1936748216440.6255 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-18T23:34:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-18T21:34:51Z", "ms": -1936664709382.9294 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-19T00:22:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-18T22:22:51Z", "ms": -1936661829382.9294 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:35 on Tue 18 Aug to 11:28 on Wed 19 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-18T09:35:00Z → 1908-08-19T09:27:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:35–00:23 on the 17th, 23:35–00:23 on the 18th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39899 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Janmāṣṭamī 1908 falls on Tuesday 18 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:35 on Tue 18 Aug to 11:28 on Wed 19 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 27, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-17T12:31:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-17T10:31:07Z", "ms": -1936790932796.5269 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-18T11:35:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-18T09:35:00Z", "ms": -1936707900249.7808 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-17T12:31:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-17T10:31:07Z", "ms": -1936790932796.5269 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-18T11:35:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-18T09:35:00Z", "ms": -1936707900249.7808 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-17T11:34:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-17T09:34:46Z", "ms": -1936794314002.962 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-17T12:22:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-17T10:22:46Z", "ms": -1936791434002.962 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-18T11:34:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-18T09:34:33Z", "ms": -1936707926887.1794 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-18T12:22:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-18T10:22:33Z", "ms": -1936705046887.1794 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 12:31 on Mon 17 Aug to 11:35 on Tue 18 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-17T10:31:07Z → 1908-08-18T09:35:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 17th, 11:35–12:23 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śītalā Saptamī 1908 falls on Tuesday 18 August. Saptamī runs from 12:31 on Mon 17 Aug to 11:35 on Tue 18 Aug and covers 0 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 0 min 27 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-08-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28871, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-21T13:26:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-21T11:26:37Z", "ms": -1936442003110.1252 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-22T15:18:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-22T13:18:05Z", "ms": -1936348914960.599 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-21T13:26:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-21T11:26:37Z", "ms": -1936442003110.1252 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-22T15:18:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-22T13:18:05Z", "ms": -1936348914960.599 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-21T05:25:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-21T03:25:26Z", "ms": -1936470874066.4834 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-21T05:25:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-21T03:25:26Z", "ms": -1936470874066.4834 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-22T05:26:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-22T03:26:01Z", "ms": -1936384439425.1938 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-22T05:26:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-22T03:26:01Z", "ms": -1936384439425.1938 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:27 on Fri 21 Aug to 15:18 on Sat 22 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-21T11:26:37Z → 1908-08-22T13:18:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:25 on the 21st and 05:26 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28871 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Ajā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Saturday 22 August. Ekādaśī runs from 13:27 on Fri 21 Aug to 15:18 on Sat 22 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-08-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-08-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 186, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-23T17:31:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-23T15:31:46Z", "ms": -1936254493992.2485 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-24T19:58:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-24T17:58:15Z", "ms": -1936159305447.3027 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-23T17:31:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-23T15:31:46Z", "ms": -1936254493992.2485 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-24T19:58:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-24T17:58:15Z", "ms": -1936159305447.3027 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-23T18:28:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-23T16:28:08Z", "ms": -1936251111591.5845 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-23T19:56:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-23T17:56:01Z", "ms": -1936245839450.0386 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-24T18:27:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-24T16:27:03Z", "ms": -1936164777151.463 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-24T19:55:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-24T17:55:08Z", "ms": -1936159491701.987 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:32 on Sun 23 Aug to 19:58 on Mon 24 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-23T15:31:46Z → 1908-08-24T17:58:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:28–19:56 on the 23rd, 18:27–19:55 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 23rd and 88 of 88 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 186 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Monday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-23", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Monday 24 August. Trayodaśī runs from 17:32 on Sun 23 Aug to 19:58 on Mon 24 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 88 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 3 min 06 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-08-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-08-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3826, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-24T19:58:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-24T17:58:15Z", "ms": -1936159305447.3027 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-25T22:29:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-25T20:29:21Z", "ms": -1936063838770.9978 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-24T19:58:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-24T17:58:15Z", "ms": -1936159305447.3027 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-25T22:29:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-25T20:29:21Z", "ms": -1936063838770.9978 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-24T23:33:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-24T21:33:23Z", "ms": -1936146396715.9287 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-25T00:21:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-24T22:21:23Z", "ms": -1936143516715.9287 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-25T23:33:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-25T21:33:07Z", "ms": -1936060012785.754 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-26T00:21:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-25T22:21:07Z", "ms": -1936057132785.754 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:58 on Mon 24 Aug to 22:29 on Tue 25 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-24T17:58:15Z → 1908-08-25T20:29:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:33–00:21 on the 24th, 23:33–00:21 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3826 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Monday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śivarātri 1908 falls on Monday 24 August. Caturdaśī runs from 19:58 on Mon 24 Aug to 22:29 on Tue 25 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-08-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-25", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 186, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-24T19:58:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-24T17:58:15Z", "ms": -1936159305447.3027 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-25T22:29:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-25T20:29:21Z", "ms": -1936063838770.9978 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-24T19:58:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-24T17:58:15Z", "ms": -1936159305447.3027 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-25T22:29:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-25T20:29:21Z", "ms": -1936063838770.9978 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-24T18:27:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-24T16:27:03Z", "ms": -1936164777151.463 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-24T19:55:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-24T17:55:08Z", "ms": -1936159491701.987 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-25T18:25:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-25T16:25:57Z", "ms": -1936078443406.714 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-25T19:54:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-25T17:54:15Z", "ms": -1936073144574.458 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:58 on Mon 24 Aug to 22:29 on Tue 25 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-24T17:58:15Z → 1908-08-25T20:29:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:27–19:55 on the 24th, 18:26–19:54 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 88 minutes on the 24th and 88 of 88 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 186 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-25", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Aghora Caturdaśī 1908 falls on Tuesday 25 August. Caturdaśī runs from 19:58 on Mon 24 Aug to 22:29 on Tue 25 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It is 3 min 06 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29462, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1908-08-27T00:58:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-26T22:58:36Z", "ms": -1935968483703.0422 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-28T03:20:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-28T01:20:57Z", "ms": -1935873542716.482 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-27T00:58:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-26T22:58:36Z", "ms": -1935968483703.0422 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-28T03:20:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-28T01:20:57Z", "ms": -1935873542716.482 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-27T11:32:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-27T09:32:17Z", "ms": -1935930463046.8853 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-27T12:20:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-27T10:20:17Z", "ms": -1935927583046.8853 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-28T11:32:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-28T09:32:00Z", "ms": -1935844080224.3193 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-28T12:20:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-28T10:20:00Z", "ms": -1935841200224.3193 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 00:59 on Thu 27 Aug to 03:21 on Fri 28 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-26T22:58:36Z → 1908-08-28T01:20:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 27th, 11:32–12:20 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29462 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Rudra Vrata 1908 falls on Thursday 27 August. Pratipadā runs from 00:59 on Thu 27 Aug to 03:21 on Fri 28 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14587, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1908-08-29T05:32:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-29T03:32:12Z", "ms": -1935779267554.157 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-30T07:28:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-30T05:28:17Z", "ms": -1935685902852.8901 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-29T05:32:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-29T03:32:12Z", "ms": -1935779267554.157 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-30T07:28:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-30T05:28:17Z", "ms": -1935685902852.8901 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-29T11:31:42+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-29T09:31:42Z", "ms": -1935757697769.5078 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-29T12:19:42+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-29T10:19:42Z", "ms": -1935754817769.5078 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-30T11:31:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-30T09:31:24Z", "ms": -1935671315669.7607 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-30T12:19:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-30T10:19:24Z", "ms": -1935668435669.7607 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:32 on Sat 29 Aug to 07:28 on Sun 30 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-29T03:32:12Z → 1908-08-30T05:28:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 29th, 11:31–12:19 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14587 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1908 falls on Saturday 29 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:32 on Sat 29 Aug to 07:28 on Sun 30 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8786, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-30T07:28:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-30T05:28:17Z", "ms": -1935685902852.8901 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-31T09:04:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-31T07:04:40Z", "ms": -1935593720293.211 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-30T07:28:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-30T05:28:17Z", "ms": -1935685902852.8901 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-31T09:04:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-31T07:04:40Z", "ms": -1935593720293.211 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-30T11:31:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-30T09:31:24Z", "ms": -1935671315669.7607 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-30T12:19:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-30T10:19:24Z", "ms": -1935668435669.7607 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-31T11:31:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-31T09:31:06Z", "ms": -1935584933911.8206 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-31T12:19:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-31T10:19:06Z", "ms": -1935582053911.8206 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:28 on Sun 30 Aug to 09:05 on Mon 31 Aug.", "fact": "1908-08-30T05:28:17Z → 1908-08-31T07:04:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 30th, 11:31–12:19 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8786 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1908 falls on Sunday 30 August. Caturthī runs from 07:28 on Sun 30 Aug to 09:05 on Mon 31 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4478, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1908-08-31T09:04:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-31T07:04:40Z", "ms": -1935593720293.211 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-01T10:16:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-01T08:16:09Z", "ms": -1935503030575.95 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-08-31T09:04:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-31T07:04:40Z", "ms": -1935593720293.211 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-01T10:16:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-01T08:16:09Z", "ms": -1935503030575.95 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-08-31T11:31:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-31T09:31:06Z", "ms": -1935584933911.8206 }, "end": { "local": "1908-08-31T12:19:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-08-31T10:19:06Z", "ms": -1935582053911.8206 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-01T11:30:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-01T09:30:48Z", "ms": -1935498552481.8013 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-01T12:18:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-01T10:18:48Z", "ms": -1935495672481.8013 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 09:05 on Mon 31 Aug to 10:16 on Tue 1 Sep.", "fact": "1908-08-31T07:04:40Z → 1908-09-01T08:16:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 31st, 11:31–12:19 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 4478 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Cairo, 1908: Monday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1908 falls on Monday 31 August. Pañcamī runs from 09:05 on Mon 31 Aug to 10:16 on Tue 1 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1996, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-01T10:16:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-01T08:16:09Z", "ms": -1935503030575.95 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-02T10:57:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-02T08:57:13Z", "ms": -1935414167282.8052 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-01T10:16:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-01T08:16:09Z", "ms": -1935503030575.95 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-02T10:57:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-02T08:57:13Z", "ms": -1935414167282.8052 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-01T11:30:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-01T09:30:48Z", "ms": -1935498552481.8013 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-01T12:18:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-01T10:18:48Z", "ms": -1935495672481.8013 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-02T11:30:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-02T09:30:29Z", "ms": -1935412171365.1353 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-02T12:18:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-02T10:18:29Z", "ms": -1935409291365.1353 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:16 on Tue 1 Sep to 10:57 on Wed 2 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-01T08:16:09Z → 1908-09-02T08:57:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 1st, 11:30–12:18 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1996 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1908 falls on Tuesday 1 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:16 on Tue 1 Sep to 10:57 on Wed 2 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1655, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-02T10:57:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-02T08:57:13Z", "ms": -1935414167282.8052 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-03T11:02:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-03T09:02:34Z", "ms": -1935327445794.2842 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-02T10:57:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-02T08:57:13Z", "ms": -1935414167282.8052 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-03T11:02:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-03T09:02:34Z", "ms": -1935327445794.2842 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-02T11:30:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-02T09:30:29Z", "ms": -1935412171365.1353 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-02T12:18:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-02T10:18:29Z", "ms": -1935409291365.1353 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-03T11:30:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-03T09:30:09Z", "ms": -1935325790546.4922 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-03T12:18:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-03T10:18:09Z", "ms": -1935322910546.4922 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 10:57 on Wed 2 Sep to 11:03 on Thu 3 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-02T08:57:13Z → 1908-09-03T09:02:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:30–12:18 on the 2nd, 11:30–12:18 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1655 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1908 falls on Wednesday 2 September. Saptamī runs from 10:57 on Wed 2 Sep to 11:03 on Thu 3 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1655, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-03T11:02:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-03T09:02:34Z", "ms": -1935327445794.2842 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-04T10:28:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-04T08:28:11Z", "ms": -1935243109374.2354 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-03T11:02:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-03T09:02:34Z", "ms": -1935327445794.2842 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-04T10:28:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-04T08:28:11Z", "ms": -1935243109374.2354 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-03T11:30:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-03T09:30:09Z", "ms": -1935325790546.4922 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-03T12:18:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-03T10:18:09Z", "ms": -1935322910546.4922 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-04T11:29:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-04T09:29:50Z", "ms": -1935239410009.6763 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-04T12:17:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-04T10:17:50Z", "ms": -1935236530009.6763 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:03 on Thu 3 Sep to 10:28 on Fri 4 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-03T09:02:34Z → 1908-09-04T08:28:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:30–12:18 on the 3rd, 11:30–12:18 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1655 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Rādhāṣṭamī 1908 falls on Thursday 3 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:03 on Thu 3 Sep to 10:28 on Fri 4 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-09-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3337, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-06T07:14:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-06T05:14:39Z", "ms": -1935081921296.567 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-07T04:39:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T02:39:21Z", "ms": -1935004839382.2576 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-06T07:14:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-06T05:14:39Z", "ms": -1935081921296.567 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-07T04:39:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T02:39:21Z", "ms": -1935004839382.2576 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-06T05:34:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-06T03:34:25Z", "ms": -1935087935422.2375 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-06T05:34:25+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-06T03:34:25Z", "ms": -1935087935422.2375 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-07T05:34:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T03:34:57Z", "ms": -1935001502750.0046 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-07T05:34:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T03:34:57Z", "ms": -1935001502750.0046 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:15 on Sun 6 Sep to 04:39 on Mon 7 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-06T05:14:39Z → 1908-09-07T02:39:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:34 on the 6th and 05:35 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 3337 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 6 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Sunday 6 September. Ekādaśī runs from 07:15 on Sun 6 Sep to 04:39 on Mon 7 Sep, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-09-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24569, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-07T04:39:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T02:39:21Z", "ms": -1935004839382.2576 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-08T01:31:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T23:31:54Z", "ms": -1934929685548.3635 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-07T04:39:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T02:39:21Z", "ms": -1935004839382.2576 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-08T01:31:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T23:31:54Z", "ms": -1934929685548.3635 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-07T11:28:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T09:28:50Z", "ms": -1934980269912.503 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-07T12:16:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T10:16:50Z", "ms": -1934977389912.503 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-08T11:28:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-08T09:28:30Z", "ms": -1934893890319.207 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-08T12:16:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-08T10:16:30Z", "ms": -1934891010319.207 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 04:39 on Mon 7 Sep to 01:32 on Tue 8 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-07T02:39:21Z → 1908-09-07T23:31:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:29–12:17 on the 7th, 11:28–12:16 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24569 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Cairo, 1908: Monday 7 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vāmana Jayantī 1908 falls on Monday 7 September. Dvādaśī runs from 04:39 on Mon 7 Sep to 01:32 on Tue 8 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-09-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8352, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-08T01:31:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T23:31:54Z", "ms": -1934929685548.3635 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-08T22:00:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-08T20:00:14Z", "ms": -1934855986183.62 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-08T01:31:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T23:31:54Z", "ms": -1934929685548.3635 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-08T22:00:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-08T20:00:14Z", "ms": -1934855986183.62 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-07T18:10:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T16:10:43Z", "ms": -1934956157075.001 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-07T19:42:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-07T17:42:01Z", "ms": -1934950678818.8381 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-08T18:09:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-08T16:09:30Z", "ms": -1934869830484.6343 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-08T19:41:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-08T17:41:02Z", "ms": -1934864338102.637 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:32 on Tue 8 Sep to 22:00 on Tue 8 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-07T23:31:54Z → 1908-09-08T20:00:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:11–19:42 on the 7th, 18:09–19:41 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 91 minutes on the 7th and 92 of 92 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8352 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Tuesday 8 September. Trayodaśī runs from 01:32 on Tue 8 Sep to 22:00 on Tue 8 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-09-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27349, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-08T22:00:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-08T20:00:14Z", "ms": -1934855986183.62 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-09T18:13:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-09T16:13:48Z", "ms": -1934783171970.3784 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-08T22:00:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-08T20:00:14Z", "ms": -1934855986183.62 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-09T18:13:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-09T16:13:48Z", "ms": -1934783171970.3784 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-09T05:36:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-09T03:36:02Z", "ms": -1934828637619.6548 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-09T08:06:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-09T06:06:29Z", "ms": -1934819610935.618 } }, "covered_min": 150, "window_min": 150, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-10T05:36:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-10T03:36:35Z", "ms": -1934742205131.7295 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-10T08:06:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-10T06:06:40Z", "ms": -1934733199743.1245 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 150, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:00 on Tue 8 Sep to 18:14 on Wed 9 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-08T20:00:14Z → 1908-09-09T16:13:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:36–08:06 on the 9th, 05:37–08:07 on the 10th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 150 of 150 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 150 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27349 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Ananta Caturdaśī 1908 falls on Wednesday 9 September. Caturdaśī runs from 22:00 on Tue 8 Sep to 18:14 on Wed 9 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-09-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20255, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-13T04:18:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-13T02:18:32Z", "ms": -1934487687827.4329 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-14T02:01:42+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-14T00:01:42Z", "ms": -1934409497581.2654 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-13T04:18:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-13T02:18:32Z", "ms": -1934487687827.4329 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-14T02:01:42+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-14T00:01:42Z", "ms": -1934409497581.2654 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-12T19:47:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-12T17:47:04Z", "ms": -1934518376105.9473 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-12T19:47:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-12T17:47:04Z", "ms": -1934518376105.9473 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-13T20:24:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-13T18:24:07Z", "ms": -1934429752897.0825 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-13T20:24:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-13T18:24:07Z", "ms": -1934429752897.0825 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:19 on Sun 13 Sep to 02:02 on Mon 14 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-13T02:18:32Z → 1908-09-14T00:01:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:47 on the 12th and 20:24 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20255 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1908 falls on Sunday 13 September. Caturthī runs from 04:19 on Sun 13 Sep to 02:02 on Mon 14 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-09-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7856, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-15T00:31:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-14T22:31:45Z", "ms": -1934328495245.1787 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-15T23:53:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-15T21:53:26Z", "ms": -1934244394026.3044 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-15T00:31:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-14T22:31:45Z", "ms": -1934328495245.1787 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-15T23:53:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-15T21:53:26Z", "ms": -1934244394026.3044 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-14T21:02:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-14T19:02:14Z", "ms": -1934341065720.9072 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-14T21:02:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-14T19:02:14Z", "ms": -1934341065720.9072 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-15T21:42:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-15T19:42:30Z", "ms": -1934252250382.4866 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-15T21:42:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-15T19:42:30Z", "ms": -1934252250382.4866 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 00:32 on Tue 15 Sep to 23:53 on Tue 15 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-14T22:31:45Z → 1908-09-15T21:53:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:02 on the 14th and 21:42 on the 15th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 7856 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1908 falls on Tuesday 15 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 00:32 on Tue 15 Sep to 23:53 on Tue 15 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16475, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-17T00:07:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-16T22:07:35Z", "ms": -1934157144755.3384 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-18T01:10:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-17T23:10:30Z", "ms": -1934066969802.9604 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-17T00:07:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-16T22:07:35Z", "ms": -1934157144755.3384 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-18T01:10:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-17T23:10:30Z", "ms": -1934066969802.9604 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-16T17:59:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-16T15:59:34Z", "ms": -1934179226196.4016 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-16T19:33:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-16T17:33:00Z", "ms": -1934173619712.4001 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 93, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-17T17:58:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-17T15:58:19Z", "ms": -1934092901272.8699 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-17T19:32:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-17T17:32:00Z", "ms": -1934087280416.5022 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:08 on Thu 17 Sep to 01:11 on Fri 18 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-16T22:07:35Z → 1908-09-17T23:10:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:00–19:33 on the 16th, 17:58–19:32 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 93 minutes on the 16th and 94 of 94 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16475 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1908 falls on Thursday 17 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:08 on Thu 17 Sep to 01:11 on Fri 18 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6115, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-17T00:07:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-16T22:07:35Z", "ms": -1934157144755.3384 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-18T01:10:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-17T23:10:30Z", "ms": -1934066969802.9604 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-17T00:07:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-16T22:07:35Z", "ms": -1934157144755.3384 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-18T01:10:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-17T23:10:30Z", "ms": -1934066969802.9604 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-16T22:25:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-16T20:25:40Z", "ms": -1934163259980.599 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-16T22:25:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-16T20:25:40Z", "ms": -1934163259980.599 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-17T23:12:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-17T21:12:07Z", "ms": -1934074072738.0896 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-17T23:12:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-17T21:12:07Z", "ms": -1934074072738.0896 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:08 on Thu 17 Sep to 01:11 on Fri 18 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-16T22:07:35Z → 1908-09-17T23:10:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:26 on the 16th and 23:12 on the 17th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6115 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1908 falls on Thursday 17 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:08 on Thu 17 Sep to 01:11 on Fri 18 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-09-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2089, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-20T05:07:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-20T03:07:11Z", "ms": -1933879968589.3508 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-21T07:37:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-21T05:37:01Z", "ms": -1933784579269.5554 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-20T05:07:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-20T03:07:11Z", "ms": -1933879968589.3508 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-21T07:37:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-21T05:37:01Z", "ms": -1933784579269.5554 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-20T05:42:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-20T03:42:01Z", "ms": -1933877879134.6692 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-20T05:42:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-20T03:42:01Z", "ms": -1933877879134.6692 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-21T05:42:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-21T03:42:34Z", "ms": -1933791446113.383 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-21T05:42:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-21T03:42:34Z", "ms": -1933791446113.383 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:07 on Sun 20 Sep to 07:37 on Mon 21 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-20T03:07:11Z → 1908-09-21T05:37:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:42 on the 20th and 05:43 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 2089 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Monday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Indirā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Monday 21 September. Ekādaśī runs from 05:07 on Sun 20 Sep to 07:37 on Mon 21 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-09-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-09-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18590, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-22T10:11:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-22T08:11:33Z", "ms": -1933688906561.7183 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-23T12:40:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-23T10:40:58Z", "ms": -1933593542164.295 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-22T10:11:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-22T08:11:33Z", "ms": -1933688906561.7183 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-23T12:40:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-23T10:40:58Z", "ms": -1933593542164.295 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-22T17:52:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-22T15:52:03Z", "ms": -1933661276772.002 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-22T19:26:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-22T17:26:56Z", "ms": -1933655583827.8289 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-23T17:50:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-23T15:50:48Z", "ms": -1933574951712.5742 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-23T19:25:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-23T17:25:56Z", "ms": -1933569244320.085 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:12 on Tue 22 Sep to 12:41 on Wed 23 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-22T08:11:33Z → 1908-09-23T10:40:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:52–19:27 on the 22nd, 17:51–19:26 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 95 of 95 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 95 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18590 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 22 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Tuesday 22 September. Trayodaśī runs from 10:12 on Tue 22 Sep to 12:41 on Wed 23 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-09-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-09-23", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30296, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-23T12:40:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-23T10:40:58Z", "ms": -1933593542164.295 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-24T14:58:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-24T12:58:15Z", "ms": -1933498905297.3928 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-23T12:40:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-23T10:40:58Z", "ms": -1933593542164.295 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-24T14:58:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-24T12:58:15Z", "ms": -1933498905297.3928 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-23T23:23:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-23T21:23:31Z", "ms": -1933554988990.7397 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-24T00:11:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-23T22:11:31Z", "ms": -1933552108990.7397 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-24T23:23:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-24T21:23:10Z", "ms": -1933468609616.8528 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-25T00:11:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-24T22:11:10Z", "ms": -1933465729616.8528 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:41 on Wed 23 Sep to 14:58 on Thu 24 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-23T10:40:58Z → 1908-09-24T12:58:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:24–00:12 on the 23rd, 23:23–00:11 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30296 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 23 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śivarātri 1908 falls on Wednesday 23 September. Caturdaśī runs from 12:41 on Wed 23 Sep to 14:58 on Thu 24 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-09-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-25", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1575, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1908-09-24T14:58:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-24T12:58:15Z", "ms": -1933498905297.3928 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-25T16:59:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-25T14:59:08Z", "ms": -1933405252383.3625 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-24T14:58:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-24T12:58:15Z", "ms": -1933498905297.3928 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-25T16:59:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-25T14:59:08Z", "ms": -1933405252383.3625 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-24T12:59:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-24T10:59:26Z", "ms": -1933506034431.6238 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-24T15:24:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-24T13:24:30Z", "ms": -1933497330485.8635 } }, "covered_min": 26, "window_min": 145, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-25T12:58:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-25T10:58:54Z", "ms": -1933419665814.9373 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-25T15:23:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-25T13:23:36Z", "ms": -1933410983522.0488 } }, "covered_min": 145, "window_min": 145, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 14:58 on Thu 24 Sep to 16:59 on Fri 25 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-24T12:58:15Z → 1908-09-25T14:59:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 12:59–15:24 on the 24th, 12:59–15:24 on the 25th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 26 of 145 minutes on the 24th and 145 of 145 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1575 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Cairo, 1908: Friday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-25", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-25", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1908 falls on Friday 25 September. Amāvasyā runs from 14:58 on Thu 24 Sep to 16:59 on Fri 25 Sep and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon. It also reaches the previous afternoon for 26 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17315, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1908-09-25T16:59:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-25T14:59:08Z", "ms": -1933405252383.3625 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-26T18:41:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-26T16:41:18Z", "ms": -1933312722067.343 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-25T16:59:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-25T14:59:08Z", "ms": -1933405252383.3625 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-26T18:41:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-26T16:41:18Z", "ms": -1933312722067.343 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-25T11:22:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-25T09:22:33Z", "ms": -1933425446961.3813 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-25T12:10:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-25T10:10:33Z", "ms": -1933422566961.3813 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-26T11:22:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-26T09:22:13Z", "ms": -1933339067354.771 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-26T12:10:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-26T10:10:13Z", "ms": -1933336187354.771 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:59 on Fri 25 Sep to 18:41 on Sat 26 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-25T14:59:08Z → 1908-09-26T16:41:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:23–12:11 on the 25th, 11:22–12:10 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17315 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1908 falls on Saturday 26 September. Pratipadā runs from 16:59 on Fri 25 Sep to 18:41 on Sat 26 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-09-29", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32082, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-09-28T21:04:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-28T19:04:15Z", "ms": -1933131345149.5576 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-29T21:41:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-29T19:41:57Z", "ms": -1933042682819.5579 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-09-28T21:04:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-28T19:04:15Z", "ms": -1933131345149.5576 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-29T21:41:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-29T19:41:57Z", "ms": -1933042682819.5579 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-28T11:21:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-28T09:21:32Z", "ms": -1933166307581.4404 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-28T12:09:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-28T10:09:32Z", "ms": -1933163427581.4404 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-09-29T11:21:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-29T09:21:13Z", "ms": -1933079927379.8545 }, "end": { "local": "1908-09-29T12:09:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-09-29T10:09:13Z", "ms": -1933077047379.8545 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:04 on Mon 28 Sep to 21:42 on Tue 29 Sep.", "fact": "1908-09-28T19:04:15Z → 1908-09-29T19:41:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:22–12:10 on the 28th, 11:21–12:09 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32082 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vināyaka Caturthī 1908 falls on Tuesday 29 September. Caturthī runs from 21:04 on Mon 28 Sep to 21:42 on Tue 29 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-09-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29478, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-01T21:37:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-01T19:37:30Z", "ms": -1932870150128.3987 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-02T20:49:38+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-02T18:49:38Z", "ms": -1932786622004.0305 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-01T21:37:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-01T19:37:30Z", "ms": -1932870150128.3987 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-02T20:49:38+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-02T18:49:38Z", "ms": -1932786622004.0305 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-02T05:48:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-02T03:48:47Z", "ms": -1932840672577.462 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-02T06:36:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-02T04:36:11Z", "ms": -1932837828940.8386 } }, "covered_min": 47, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-03T05:49:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-03T03:49:23Z", "ms": -1932754237436.3289 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-03T06:36:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-03T04:36:39Z", "ms": -1932751400985.964 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 21:37 on Thu 1 Oct to 20:50 on Fri 2 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-01T19:37:30Z → 1908-10-02T18:49:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:49–06:36 on the 2nd, 05:49–06:37 on the 3rd.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 47 of 47 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 47 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29478 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Cairo, 1908: Friday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Durgā Saptamī 1908 falls on Friday 2 October. Saptamī runs from 21:37 on Thu 1 Oct to 20:50 on Fri 2 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26446, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-02T20:49:38+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-02T18:49:38Z", "ms": -1932786622004.0305 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-03T19:28:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-03T17:28:41Z", "ms": -1932705078522.9453 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-02T20:49:38+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-02T18:49:38Z", "ms": -1932786622004.0305 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-03T19:28:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-03T17:28:41Z", "ms": -1932705078522.9453 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-02T11:20:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-02T09:20:15Z", "ms": -1932820785302.7866 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-02T12:08:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-02T10:08:15Z", "ms": -1932817905302.7866 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-03T11:19:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-03T09:19:56Z", "ms": -1932734404058.5942 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-03T12:07:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-03T10:07:56Z", "ms": -1932731524058.5942 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 20:50 on Fri 2 Oct to 19:29 on Sat 3 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-02T18:49:38Z → 1908-10-03T17:28:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 2nd, 11:20–12:08 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26446 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 3 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1908 falls on Saturday 3 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 20:50 on Fri 2 Oct to 19:29 on Sat 3 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19622, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-03T19:28:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-03T17:28:41Z", "ms": -1932705078522.9453 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-04T17:34:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-04T15:34:40Z", "ms": -1932625520141.5266 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-03T19:28:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-03T17:28:41Z", "ms": -1932705078522.9453 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-04T17:34:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-04T15:34:40Z", "ms": -1932625520141.5266 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-03T11:19:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-03T09:19:56Z", "ms": -1932734404058.5942 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-03T12:07:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-03T10:07:56Z", "ms": -1932731524058.5942 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-04T11:19:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-04T09:19:37Z", "ms": -1932648022506.5356 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-04T12:07:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-04T10:07:37Z", "ms": -1932645142506.5356 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 19:29 on Sat 3 Oct to 17:35 on Sun 4 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-03T17:28:41Z → 1908-10-04T15:34:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 3rd, 11:20–12:08 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19622 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Mahānavamī 1908 falls on Sunday 4 October. Navamī runs from 19:29 on Sat 3 Oct to 17:35 on Sun 4 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8782, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-04T17:34:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-04T15:34:40Z", "ms": -1932625520141.5266 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-05T15:09:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-05T13:09:43Z", "ms": -1932547816606.2415 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "1908-10-04T23:36:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-04T21:36:53Z", "ms": -1932603786508.3447 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-05T15:09:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-05T13:09:43Z", "ms": -1932547816606.2415 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "1908-10-04T23:36:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-04T21:36:53Z", "ms": -1932603786508.3447 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-05T21:48:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-05T19:48:46Z", "ms": -1932523873527.6912 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-04T05:49:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-04T03:49:58Z", "ms": -1932667802056.1277 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-04T17:37:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-04T15:37:17Z", "ms": -1932625362956.9438 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 707, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-05T05:50:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-05T03:50:34Z", "ms": -1932581366425.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-05T17:36:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-05T15:36:05Z", "ms": -1932539034826.8625 } }, "covered_min": 559, "window_min": 706, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 17:35 on Sun 4 Oct to 15:10 on Mon 5 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 23:37 on Sun 4 Oct to 21:49 on Mon 5 Oct. They are together from 23:37 on Sun 4 Oct to 15:10 on Mon 5 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-04T21:36:53Z → 1908-10-05T13:09:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 05:50–17:37 on the 4th, 05:51–17:36 on the 5th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 0 of 707 minutes on the 4th and 559 of 706 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8782 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Cairo, 1908: Monday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1908 falls on Monday 5 October. Daśamī runs from 17:35 on Sun 4 Oct to 15:10 on Mon 5 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 559 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-10-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23230, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-05T15:09:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-05T13:09:43Z", "ms": -1932547816606.2415 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-06T12:18:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-06T10:18:20Z", "ms": -1932471700224.0583 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-05T15:09:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-05T13:09:43Z", "ms": -1932547816606.2415 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-06T12:18:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-06T10:18:20Z", "ms": -1932471700224.0583 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-05T05:50:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-05T03:50:34Z", "ms": -1932581366425.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-05T05:50:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-05T03:50:34Z", "ms": -1932581366425.6707 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-06T05:51:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-06T03:51:09Z", "ms": -1932494930532.662 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-06T05:51:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-06T03:51:09Z", "ms": -1932494930532.662 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:10 on Mon 5 Oct to 12:18 on Tue 6 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-05T13:09:43Z → 1908-10-06T10:18:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:51 on the 5th and 05:51 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23230 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 6 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Tuesday 6 October. Ekādaśī runs from 15:10 on Mon 5 Oct to 12:18 on Tue 6 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-10-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-10-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30399, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-07T09:07:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-07T07:07:03Z", "ms": -1932396776563.8706 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-08T05:44:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-08T03:44:14Z", "ms": -1932322546316.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-07T09:07:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-07T07:07:03Z", "ms": -1932396776563.8706 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-08T05:44:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-08T03:44:14Z", "ms": -1932322546316.9182 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-07T17:33:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-07T15:33:43Z", "ms": -1932366377226.0254 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-07T19:12:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-07T17:12:12Z", "ms": -1932360467982.967 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-08T17:32:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-08T15:32:32Z", "ms": -1932280047692.524 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-08T19:11:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-08T17:11:16Z", "ms": -1932274124151.5728 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:07 on Wed 7 Oct to 05:44 on Thu 8 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-07T07:07:03Z → 1908-10-08T03:44:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:34–19:12 on the 7th, 17:33–19:11 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 99 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30399 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Wednesday 7 October. Trayodaśī runs from 09:07 on Wed 7 Oct to 05:44 on Thu 8 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-10-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13461, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-12T15:49:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-12T13:49:59Z", "ms": -1931940600649.7673 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-13T14:47:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-13T12:47:35Z", "ms": -1931857945198.2502 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-12T15:49:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-12T13:49:59Z", "ms": -1931940600649.7673 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-13T14:47:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-13T12:47:35Z", "ms": -1931857945198.2502 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-12T19:34:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-12T17:34:21Z", "ms": -1931927139177.8337 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-12T19:34:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-12T17:34:21Z", "ms": -1931927139177.8337 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-13T20:17:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-13T18:17:17Z", "ms": -1931838163119.2988 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-13T20:17:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-13T18:17:17Z", "ms": -1931838163119.2988 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:50 on Mon 12 Oct to 14:48 on Tue 13 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-12T13:49:59Z → 1908-10-13T12:47:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:34 on the 12th and 20:17 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13461 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Monday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1908 falls on Monday 12 October. Caturthī runs from 15:50 on Mon 12 Oct to 14:48 on Tue 13 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-10-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13461, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-12T15:49:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-12T13:49:59Z", "ms": -1931940600649.7673 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-13T14:47:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-13T12:47:35Z", "ms": -1931857945198.2502 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-12T15:49:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-12T13:49:59Z", "ms": -1931940600649.7673 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-13T14:47:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-13T12:47:35Z", "ms": -1931857945198.2502 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-12T19:34:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-12T17:34:21Z", "ms": -1931927139177.8337 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-12T19:34:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-12T17:34:21Z", "ms": -1931927139177.8337 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-13T20:17:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-13T18:17:17Z", "ms": -1931838163119.2988 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-13T20:17:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-13T18:17:17Z", "ms": -1931838163119.2988 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:50 on Mon 12 Oct to 14:48 on Tue 13 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-12T13:49:59Z → 1908-10-13T12:47:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:34 on the 12th and 20:17 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13461 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Monday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1908 falls on Monday 12 October. Caturthī runs from 15:50 on Mon 12 Oct to 14:48 on Tue 13 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-10-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17993, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-16T16:38:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-16T14:38:30Z", "ms": -1931592089707.1086 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-17T18:39:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-17T16:39:26Z", "ms": -1931498433995.4182 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-16T16:38:30+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-16T14:38:30Z", "ms": -1931592089707.1086 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-17T18:39:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-17T16:39:26Z", "ms": -1931498433995.4182 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-16T22:45:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-16T20:45:27Z", "ms": -1931570072601.3184 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-16T22:45:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-16T20:45:27Z", "ms": -1931570072601.3184 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-17T23:39:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-17T21:39:19Z", "ms": -1931480441365.148 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-17T23:39:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-17T21:39:19Z", "ms": -1931480441365.148 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:39 on Fri 16 Oct to 18:39 on Sat 17 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-16T14:38:30Z → 1908-10-17T16:39:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:45 on the 16th and 23:39 on the 17th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17993 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Cairo, 1908: Friday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1908 falls on Friday 16 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:39 on Fri 16 Oct to 18:39 on Sat 17 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-10-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13950, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-19T23:38:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-19T21:38:12Z", "ms": -1931307707530.3774 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-21T02:08:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-21T00:08:19Z", "ms": -1931212300622.558 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-19T23:38:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-19T21:38:12Z", "ms": -1931307707530.3774 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-21T02:08:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-21T00:08:19Z", "ms": -1931212300622.558 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-20T06:00:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-20T04:00:08Z", "ms": -1931284792426.0242 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-20T06:00:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-20T04:00:08Z", "ms": -1931284792426.0242 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-21T06:00:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-21T04:00:49Z", "ms": -1931198351016.3984 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-21T06:00:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-21T04:00:49Z", "ms": -1931198351016.3984 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:38 on Mon 19 Oct to 02:08 on Wed 21 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-19T21:38:12Z → 1908-10-21T00:08:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:00 on the 20th and 06:01 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13950 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Tuesday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Ramā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Tuesday 20 October. Ekādaśī runs from 23:38 on Mon 19 Oct to 02:08 on Wed 21 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-10-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25650, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-21T02:08:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-21T00:08:19Z", "ms": -1931212300622.558 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-22T04:23:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-22T02:23:40Z", "ms": -1931117779659.0586 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-21T02:08:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-21T00:08:19Z", "ms": -1931212300622.558 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-22T04:23:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-22T02:23:40Z", "ms": -1931117779659.0586 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-20T17:19:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-20T15:19:17Z", "ms": -1931244042950.3909 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-20T19:00:49+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-20T17:00:49Z", "ms": -1931237950692.5251 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-21T17:18:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-21T15:18:16Z", "ms": -1931157704119.5415 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-21T19:00:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-21T17:00:02Z", "ms": -1931151598128.102 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 02:08 on Wed 21 Oct to 04:24 on Thu 22 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-21T00:08:19Z → 1908-10-22T02:23:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:19–19:01 on the 20th, 17:18–19:00 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 20th and 102 of 102 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25650 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1908 falls on Wednesday 21 October. Dvādaśī runs from 02:08 on Wed 21 Oct to 04:24 on Thu 22 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33818, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-22T04:23:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-22T02:23:40Z", "ms": -1931117779659.0586 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-23T06:17:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T04:17:05Z", "ms": -1931024575025.4285 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-22T04:23:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-22T02:23:40Z", "ms": -1931117779659.0586 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-23T06:17:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T04:17:05Z", "ms": -1931024575025.4285 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-21T17:18:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-21T15:18:16Z", "ms": -1931157704119.5415 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-21T19:00:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-21T17:00:02Z", "ms": -1931151598128.102 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-22T17:17:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-22T15:17:16Z", "ms": -1931071364371.1106 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-22T18:59:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-22T16:59:15Z", "ms": -1931065244712.105 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:24 on Thu 22 Oct to 06:17 on Fri 23 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-22T02:23:40Z → 1908-10-23T04:17:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:18–19:00 on the 21st, 17:17–18:59 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 21st and 102 of 102 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33818 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Yama Dīpadāna 1908 falls on Thursday 22 October. Trayodaśī runs from 04:24 on Thu 22 Oct to 06:17 on Fri 23 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-10-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33818, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-22T04:23:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-22T02:23:40Z", "ms": -1931117779659.0586 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-23T06:17:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T04:17:05Z", "ms": -1931024575025.4285 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-22T04:23:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-22T02:23:40Z", "ms": -1931117779659.0586 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-23T06:17:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T04:17:05Z", "ms": -1931024575025.4285 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-21T17:18:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-21T15:18:16Z", "ms": -1931157704119.5415 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-21T19:00:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-21T17:00:02Z", "ms": -1931151598128.102 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-22T17:17:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-22T15:17:16Z", "ms": -1931071364371.1106 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-22T18:59:15+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-22T16:59:15Z", "ms": -1931065244712.105 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:24 on Thu 22 Oct to 06:17 on Fri 23 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-22T02:23:40Z → 1908-10-23T04:17:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:18–19:00 on the 21st, 17:17–18:59 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 21st and 102 of 102 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33818 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Thursday 22 October. Trayodaśī runs from 04:24 on Thu 22 Oct to 06:17 on Fri 23 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-10-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-10-23", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22401, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-23T06:17:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T04:17:05Z", "ms": -1931024575025.4285 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-24T07:44:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T05:44:55Z", "ms": -1930932905146.5144 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-23T06:17:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T04:17:05Z", "ms": -1931024575025.4285 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-24T07:44:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T05:44:55Z", "ms": -1930932905146.5144 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-22T23:15:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-22T21:15:44Z", "ms": -1931049855649.8396 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-23T00:03:44+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-22T22:03:44Z", "ms": -1931046975649.8396 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-23T23:15:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T21:15:36Z", "ms": -1930963463965.3838 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-24T00:03:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T22:03:36Z", "ms": -1930960583965.3838 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:17 on Fri 23 Oct to 07:45 on Sat 24 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-23T04:17:05Z → 1908-10-24T05:44:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:16–00:04 on the 22nd, 23:16–00:04 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22401 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Friday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śivarātri 1908 falls on Friday 23 October. Caturdaśī runs from 06:17 on Fri 23 Oct to 07:45 on Sat 24 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-10-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 892, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-23T06:17:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T04:17:05Z", "ms": -1931024575025.4285 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-24T07:44:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T05:44:55Z", "ms": -1930932905146.5144 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-23T06:17:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T04:17:05Z", "ms": -1931024575025.4285 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-24T07:44:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T05:44:55Z", "ms": -1930932905146.5144 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-23T04:20:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T02:20:13Z", "ms": -1931031586587.5742 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-23T06:02:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T04:02:13Z", "ms": -1931025466928.5686 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-24T04:20:42+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T02:20:42Z", "ms": -1930945157509.3901 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-24T06:02:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T04:02:56Z", "ms": -1930939024252.665 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:17 on Fri 23 Oct to 07:45 on Sat 24 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-23T04:17:05Z → 1908-10-24T05:44:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:20–06:02 on the 23rd, 04:21–06:03 on the 24th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 23rd and 102 of 102 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 892 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1908 falls on Saturday 24 October. Caturdaśī runs from 06:17 on Fri 23 Oct to 07:45 on Sat 24 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30482, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1908-10-24T07:44:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T05:44:55Z", "ms": -1930932905146.5144 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-25T08:46:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z", "ms": -1930842821235.949 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-24T07:44:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T05:44:55Z", "ms": -1930932905146.5144 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-25T08:46:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z", "ms": -1930842821235.949 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-24T17:15:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T15:15:18Z", "ms": -1930898682013.946 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-24T18:57:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T16:57:45Z", "ms": -1930892535233.3086 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-25T17:14:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T15:14:21Z", "ms": -1930812339352.479 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-25T18:57:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T16:57:01Z", "ms": -1930806179125.8188 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 07:45 on Sat 24 Oct to 08:46 on Sun 25 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-24T05:44:55Z → 1908-10-25T06:46:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:15–18:58 on the 24th, 17:14–18:57 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 102 of 102 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 103 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30482 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1908 falls on Saturday 24 October. Amāvasyā runs from 07:45 on Sat 24 Oct to 08:46 on Sun 25 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27679, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1908-10-24T07:44:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T05:44:55Z", "ms": -1930932905146.5144 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-25T08:46:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z", "ms": -1930842821235.949 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-24T07:44:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T05:44:55Z", "ms": -1930932905146.5144 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-25T08:46:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z", "ms": -1930842821235.949 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-23T23:15:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T21:15:36Z", "ms": -1930963463965.3838 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-24T00:03:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-23T22:03:36Z", "ms": -1930960583965.3838 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-24T23:15:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T21:15:28Z", "ms": -1930877071586.5562 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-25T00:03:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-24T22:03:28Z", "ms": -1930874191586.5562 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 07:45 on Sat 24 Oct to 08:46 on Sun 25 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-24T05:44:55Z → 1908-10-25T06:46:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:16–00:04 on the 23rd, 23:15–00:03 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27679 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kālī Pūjā 1908 falls on Saturday 24 October. Amāvasyā runs from 07:45 on Sat 24 Oct to 08:46 on Sun 25 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6763, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1908-10-25T08:46:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z", "ms": -1930842821235.949 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-26T09:22:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T07:22:10Z", "ms": -1930754269772.1226 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-25T08:46:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z", "ms": -1930842821235.949 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-26T09:22:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T07:22:10Z", "ms": -1930754269772.1226 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-25T11:15:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T09:15:00Z", "ms": -1930833900255.8225 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-25T12:03:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T10:03:00Z", "ms": -1930831020255.8225 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-26T11:14:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T09:14:53Z", "ms": -1930747506660.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-26T12:02:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1930744626660.2139 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 08:46 on Sun 25 Oct to 09:22 on Mon 26 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z → 1908-10-26T07:22:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:15–12:03 on the 25th, 11:15–12:03 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6763 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Govardhana Pūjā 1908 falls on Sunday 25 October. Pratipadā runs from 08:46 on Sun 25 Oct to 09:22 on Mon 26 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28274, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1908-10-25T08:46:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z", "ms": -1930842821235.949 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-26T09:22:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T07:22:10Z", "ms": -1930754269772.1226 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-25T08:46:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z", "ms": -1930842821235.949 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-26T09:22:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T07:22:10Z", "ms": -1930754269772.1226 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-25T17:14:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T15:14:21Z", "ms": -1930812339352.479 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-25T18:57:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T16:57:01Z", "ms": -1930806179125.8188 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-26T17:13:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T15:13:24Z", "ms": -1930725995667.9001 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-26T18:56:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T16:56:18Z", "ms": -1930719822077.3135 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 08:46 on Sun 25 Oct to 09:22 on Mon 26 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z → 1908-10-26T07:22:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:14–18:57 on the 25th, 17:13–18:56 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 103 of 103 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 103 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28274 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Bali Pūjā 1908 falls on Sunday 25 October. Pratipadā runs from 08:46 on Sun 25 Oct to 09:22 on Mon 26 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6041, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1908-10-26T09:22:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T07:22:10Z", "ms": -1930754269772.1226 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-27T09:34:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-27T07:34:06Z", "ms": -1930667153561.6238 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-26T09:22:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T07:22:10Z", "ms": -1930754269772.1226 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-27T09:34:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-27T07:34:06Z", "ms": -1930667153561.6238 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-26T11:14:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T09:14:53Z", "ms": -1930747506660.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-26T12:02:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1930744626660.2139 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-27T11:14:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-27T09:14:48Z", "ms": -1930661112336.5796 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-27T12:02:48+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-27T10:02:48Z", "ms": -1930658232336.5796 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 09:22 on Mon 26 Oct to 09:34 on Tue 27 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-26T07:22:10Z → 1908-10-27T07:34:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:15–12:03 on the 26th, 11:15–12:03 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6041 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Cairo, 1908: Monday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1908 falls on Monday 26 October. Dvitīyā runs from 09:22 on Mon 26 Oct to 09:34 on Tue 27 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-26", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1513, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1908-10-25T08:46:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z", "ms": -1930842821235.949 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-26T09:22:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T07:22:10Z", "ms": -1930754269772.1226 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-25T08:46:19+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z", "ms": -1930842821235.949 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-26T09:22:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T07:22:10Z", "ms": -1930754269772.1226 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-25T06:03:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T04:03:39Z", "ms": -1930852581159.166 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-25T09:47:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-25T07:47:13Z", "ms": -1930839167223.6038 } }, "covered_min": 61, "window_min": 224, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-26T06:04:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T04:04:22Z", "ms": -1930766137652.5278 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-26T09:47:23+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-26T07:47:23Z", "ms": -1930752756990.9854 } }, "covered_min": 198, "window_min": 223, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 08:46 on Sun 25 Oct to 09:22 on Mon 26 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-25T06:46:19Z → 1908-10-26T07:22:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:04–09:47 on the 25th, 06:04–09:47 on the 26th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 61 of 224 minutes on the 25th and 198 of 223 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both forenoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1513 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Cairo, 1908: Monday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-26", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-26", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Dyūta Pratipad 1908 falls on Monday 26 October. Pratipadā runs from 08:46 on Sun 25 Oct to 09:22 on Mon 26 Oct and covers 198 of 223 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon. It also reaches the previous forenoon for 61 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6662, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-28T09:23:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-28T07:23:41Z", "ms": -1930581379272.3975 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-29T08:51:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-29T06:51:55Z", "ms": -1930496885208.242 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-28T09:23:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-28T07:23:41Z", "ms": -1930581379272.3975 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-29T08:51:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-29T06:51:55Z", "ms": -1930496885208.242 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-28T11:14:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-28T09:14:43Z", "ms": -1930574717275.6777 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-28T12:02:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-28T10:02:43Z", "ms": -1930571837275.6777 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-29T11:14:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-29T09:14:39Z", "ms": -1930488321468.7678 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-29T12:02:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-29T10:02:39Z", "ms": -1930485441468.7678 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:24 on Wed 28 Oct to 08:52 on Thu 29 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-28T07:23:41Z → 1908-10-29T06:51:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:15–12:03 on the 28th, 11:15–12:03 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6662 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Nāga Caturthī 1908 falls on Wednesday 28 October. Caturthī runs from 09:24 on Wed 28 Oct to 08:52 on Thu 29 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-10-28", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6662, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-28T09:23:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-28T07:23:41Z", "ms": -1930581379272.3975 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-29T08:51:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-29T06:51:55Z", "ms": -1930496885208.242 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-28T09:23:41+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-28T07:23:41Z", "ms": -1930581379272.3975 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-29T08:51:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-29T06:51:55Z", "ms": -1930496885208.242 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-28T11:14:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-28T09:14:43Z", "ms": -1930574717275.6777 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-28T12:02:43+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-28T10:02:43Z", "ms": -1930571837275.6777 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-29T11:14:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-29T09:14:39Z", "ms": -1930488321468.7678 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-29T12:02:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-29T10:02:39Z", "ms": -1930485441468.7678 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:24 on Wed 28 Oct to 08:52 on Thu 29 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-28T07:23:41Z → 1908-10-29T06:51:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:15–12:03 on the 28th, 11:15–12:03 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6662 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vināyaka Caturthī 1908 falls on Wednesday 28 October. Caturthī runs from 09:24 on Wed 28 Oct to 08:52 on Thu 29 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-10-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11723, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1908-10-30T07:59:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-30T05:59:13Z", "ms": -1930413647429.9875 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-31T06:45:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-31T04:45:34Z", "ms": -1930331666128.8523 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-10-30T07:59:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-30T05:59:13Z", "ms": -1930413647429.9875 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-31T06:45:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-31T04:45:34Z", "ms": -1930331666128.8523 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-30T11:14:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-30T09:14:35Z", "ms": -1930401924907.4263 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-30T12:02:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-30T10:02:35Z", "ms": -1930399044907.4263 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-10-31T11:14:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-31T09:14:32Z", "ms": -1930315527583.3464 }, "end": { "local": "1908-10-31T12:02:32+02:00", "utc": "1908-10-31T10:02:32Z", "ms": -1930312647583.3464 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:59 on Fri 30 Oct to 06:46 on Sat 31 Oct.", "fact": "1908-10-30T05:59:13Z → 1908-10-31T04:45:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:15–12:03 on the 30th, 11:15–12:03 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11723 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Cairo, 1908: Friday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1908 falls on Friday 30 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:59 on Fri 30 Oct to 06:46 on Sat 31 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21808, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-01T05:11:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-01T03:11:02Z", "ms": -1930250937885.7786 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-02T03:16:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T01:16:18Z", "ms": -1930171422290.2822 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-01T05:11:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-01T03:11:02Z", "ms": -1930250937885.7786 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-02T03:16:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T01:16:18Z", "ms": -1930171422290.2822 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-01T11:14:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-01T09:14:31Z", "ms": -1930229129488.1416 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-01T12:02:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-01T10:02:31Z", "ms": -1930226249488.1416 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-02T11:14:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T09:14:29Z", "ms": -1930142730613.17 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-02T12:02:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T10:02:29Z", "ms": -1930139850613.17 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 05:11 on Sun 1 Nov to 03:16 on Mon 2 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-01T03:11:02Z → 1908-11-02T01:16:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:15–12:03 on the 1st, 11:14–12:02 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21808 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Gopāṣṭamī 1908 falls on Sunday 1 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 05:11 on Sun 1 Nov to 03:16 on Mon 2 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10400, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-02T03:16:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T01:16:18Z", "ms": -1930171422290.2822 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-03T01:03:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T23:03:08Z", "ms": -1930093011964.906 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-02T03:16:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T01:16:18Z", "ms": -1930171422290.2822 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-03T01:03:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T23:03:08Z", "ms": -1930093011964.906 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-02T06:09:38+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T04:09:38Z", "ms": -1930161022151.3215 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-02T09:48:52+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T07:48:52Z", "ms": -1930147867792.5537 } }, "covered_min": 219, "window_min": 219, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-03T06:10:24+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-03T04:10:24Z", "ms": -1930074575624.0747 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-03T09:49:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-03T07:49:07Z", "ms": -1930061452507.6226 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 219, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 03:16 on Mon 2 Nov to 01:03 on Tue 3 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-02T01:16:18Z → 1908-11-02T23:03:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:10–09:49 on the 2nd, 06:10–09:49 on the 3rd.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 219 of 219 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 219 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10400 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Cairo, 1908: Monday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1908 falls on Monday 2 November. Navamī runs from 03:16 on Mon 2 Nov to 01:03 on Tue 3 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28692, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-02T03:16:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T01:16:18Z", "ms": -1930171422290.2822 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-03T01:03:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T23:03:08Z", "ms": -1930093011964.906 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-02T03:16:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T01:16:18Z", "ms": -1930171422290.2822 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-03T01:03:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T23:03:08Z", "ms": -1930093011964.906 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-02T11:14:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T09:14:29Z", "ms": -1930142730613.17 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-02T12:02:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-02T10:02:29Z", "ms": -1930139850613.17 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-03T11:14:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-03T09:14:29Z", "ms": -1930056330949.3965 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-03T12:02:29+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-03T10:02:29Z", "ms": -1930053450949.3965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 03:16 on Mon 2 Nov to 01:03 on Tue 3 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-02T01:16:18Z → 1908-11-02T23:03:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:14–12:02 on the 2nd, 11:14–12:02 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28692 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Cairo, 1908: Monday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Durgā Navamī 1908 falls on Monday 2 November. Navamī runs from 03:16 on Mon 2 Nov to 01:03 on Tue 3 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-11-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27384, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-03T22:34:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-03T20:34:47Z", "ms": -1930015512822.8433 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-04T19:56:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-04T17:56:03Z", "ms": -1929938637443.9065 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-03T22:34:47+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-03T20:34:47Z", "ms": -1930015512822.8433 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-04T19:56:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-04T17:56:03Z", "ms": -1929938637443.9065 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-04T06:11:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-04T04:11:11Z", "ms": -1929988128761.4575 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-04T06:11:11+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-04T04:11:11Z", "ms": -1929988128761.4575 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-05T06:11:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-05T04:11:58Z", "ms": -1929901681572.1138 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-05T06:11:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-05T04:11:58Z", "ms": -1929901681572.1138 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:35 on Tue 3 Nov to 19:56 on Wed 4 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-03T20:34:47Z → 1908-11-04T17:56:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:11 on the 4th and 06:12 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27384 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Wednesday 4 November. Ekādaśī runs from 22:35 on Tue 3 Nov to 19:56 on Wed 4 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-11-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-11-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 486, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-05T17:13:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-05T15:13:09Z", "ms": -1929862010766.082 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-06T14:33:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-06T12:33:35Z", "ms": -1929785185375.8367 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-05T17:13:09+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-05T15:13:09Z", "ms": -1929862010766.082 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-06T14:33:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-06T12:33:35Z", "ms": -1929785185375.8367 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-05T17:05:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-05T15:05:03Z", "ms": -1929862496862.078 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-05T18:50:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-05T16:50:05Z", "ms": -1929856195155.7048 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-06T17:04:20+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-06T15:04:20Z", "ms": -1929776140192.7988 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-06T18:49:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-06T16:49:34Z", "ms": -1929769826333.247 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:13 on Thu 5 Nov to 14:34 on Fri 6 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-05T15:13:09Z → 1908-11-06T12:33:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:05–18:50 on the 5th, 17:04–18:50 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 97 of 105 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 105 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 486 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 5 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Thursday 5 November. Trayodaśī runs from 17:13 on Thu 5 Nov to 14:34 on Fri 6 Nov and covers 97 of 105 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-11-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35693, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-11-07T12:05:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-07T10:05:36Z", "ms": -1929707663828.371 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-08T09:57:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-08T07:57:53Z", "ms": -1929628926928.726 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-07T12:05:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-07T10:05:36Z", "ms": -1929707663828.371 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-08T09:57:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-08T07:57:53Z", "ms": -1929628926928.726 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-06T23:14:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-06T21:14:57Z", "ms": -1929753903219.4797 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-07T00:02:57+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-06T22:02:57Z", "ms": -1929751023219.4797 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-07T23:15:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-07T21:15:00Z", "ms": -1929667500151.774 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-08T00:03:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-07T22:03:00Z", "ms": -1929664620151.774 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:06 on Sat 7 Nov to 09:58 on Sun 8 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-07T10:05:36Z → 1908-11-08T07:57:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:15–00:03 on the 6th, 23:15–00:03 on the 7th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35693 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Rāsayātrā 1908 falls on Saturday 7 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:06 on Sat 7 Nov to 09:58 on Sun 8 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 180, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-11-07T12:05:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-07T10:05:36Z", "ms": -1929707663828.371 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-08T09:57:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-08T07:57:53Z", "ms": -1929628926928.726 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-07T12:05:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-07T10:05:36Z", "ms": -1929707663828.371 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-08T09:57:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-08T07:57:53Z", "ms": -1929628926928.726 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-07T11:14:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-07T09:14:36Z", "ms": -1929710724211.597 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-07T12:02:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-07T10:02:36Z", "ms": -1929707844211.597 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-08T11:14:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-08T09:14:40Z", "ms": -1929624320456.6523 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-08T12:02:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-08T10:02:40Z", "ms": -1929621440456.6523 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:06 on Sat 7 Nov to 09:58 on Sun 8 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-07T10:05:36Z → 1908-11-08T07:57:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:15–12:03 on the 7th, 11:15–12:03 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 180 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1908 falls on Sunday 8 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:06 on Sat 7 Nov to 09:58 on Sun 8 Nov, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day. It is 3 min 00 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-11-11", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41829, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-11T06:55:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-11T04:55:00Z", "ms": -1929380699765.9783 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-12T07:18:42+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-12T05:18:42Z", "ms": -1929292877867.683 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-11T06:55:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-11T04:55:00Z", "ms": -1929380699765.9783 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-12T07:18:42+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-12T05:18:42Z", "ms": -1929292877867.683 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-10T18:52:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-10T16:52:28Z", "ms": -1929424051565.0723 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-10T18:52:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-10T16:52:28Z", "ms": -1929424051565.0723 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-11T19:41:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-11T17:41:33Z", "ms": -1929334707236.6306 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-11T19:41:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-11T17:41:33Z", "ms": -1929334707236.6306 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:55 on Wed 11 Nov to 07:19 on Thu 12 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-11T04:55:00Z → 1908-11-12T05:18:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 18:52 on the 10th and 19:42 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 10th and is on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 41829 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Wednesday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1908 falls on Wednesday 11 November. Caturthī runs from 06:55 on Wed 11 Nov to 07:19 on Thu 12 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-11-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-11-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31329, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-18T19:47:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-18T17:47:14Z", "ms": -1928729565946.2717 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-19T21:42:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-19T19:42:08Z", "ms": -1928636272048.1677 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-18T19:47:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-18T17:47:14Z", "ms": -1928729565946.2717 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-19T21:42:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-19T19:42:08Z", "ms": -1928636272048.1677 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-19T06:23:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-19T04:23:27Z", "ms": -1928691393212.5884 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-19T06:23:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-19T04:23:27Z", "ms": -1928691393212.5884 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-20T06:24:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-20T04:24:17Z", "ms": -1928604942835.5154 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-20T06:24:17+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-20T04:24:17Z", "ms": -1928604942835.5154 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:47 on Wed 18 Nov to 21:42 on Thu 19 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-18T17:47:14Z → 1908-11-19T19:42:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:23 on the 19th and 06:24 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31329 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 19 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Thursday 19 November. Ekādaśī runs from 19:47 on Wed 18 Nov to 21:42 on Thu 19 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-11-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-11-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15681, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-20T23:05:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-20T21:05:54Z", "ms": -1928544846301.324 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-21T23:55:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-21T21:55:10Z", "ms": -1928455490066.998 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-20T23:05:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-20T21:05:54Z", "ms": -1928544846301.324 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-21T23:55:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-21T21:55:10Z", "ms": -1928455490066.998 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-20T16:56:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-20T14:56:46Z", "ms": -1928566993830.3447 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-20T18:44:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-20T16:44:33Z", "ms": -1928560526978.8262 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-21T16:56:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-21T14:56:26Z", "ms": -1928480614433.4539 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-21T18:44:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-21T16:44:22Z", "ms": -1928474138118.756 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:06 on Fri 20 Nov to 23:55 on Sat 21 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-20T21:05:54Z → 1908-11-21T21:55:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:57–18:45 on the 20th, 16:56–18:44 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 108 minutes on the 20th and 108 of 108 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15681 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 21 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Saturday 21 November. Trayodaśī runs from 23:06 on Fri 20 Nov to 23:55 on Sat 21 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-11-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-11-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-22", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 270, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-21T23:55:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-21T21:55:10Z", "ms": -1928455490066.998 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-23T00:09:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-22T22:09:58Z", "ms": -1928368202152.1619 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-21T23:55:10+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-21T21:55:10Z", "ms": -1928455490066.998 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-23T00:09:58+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-22T22:09:58Z", "ms": -1928368202152.1619 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-21T23:17:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-21T21:17:12Z", "ms": -1928457768253.3374 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-22T00:05:12+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-21T22:05:12Z", "ms": -1928454888253.3374 } }, "covered_min": 10, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-22T23:17:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-22T21:17:27Z", "ms": -1928371352568.3809 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-23T00:05:27+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-22T22:05:27Z", "ms": -1928368472568.3809 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:55 on Sat 21 Nov to 00:10 on Mon 23 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-21T21:55:10Z → 1908-11-22T22:09:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:17–00:05 on the 21st, 23:17–00:05 on the 22nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 10 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 270 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-22", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-22", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śivarātri 1908 falls on Sunday 22 November. Caturdaśī runs from 23:55 on Sat 21 Nov to 00:10 on Mon 23 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the previous night for 10 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 4 min 30 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-11-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-11-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24116, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-26T20:30:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-26T18:30:54Z", "ms": -1928035746110.5198 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-27T18:48:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-27T16:48:28Z", "ms": -1927955491809.5881 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-26T20:30:54+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-26T18:30:54Z", "ms": -1928035746110.5198 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-27T18:48:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-27T16:48:28Z", "ms": -1927955491809.5881 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-26T11:18:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-26T09:18:13Z", "ms": -1928068906973.8123 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-26T12:06:13+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-26T10:06:13Z", "ms": -1928066026973.8123 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-27T11:18:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-27T09:18:33Z", "ms": -1927982487401.7854 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-27T12:06:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-27T10:06:33Z", "ms": -1927979607401.7854 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:31 on Thu 26 Nov to 18:48 on Fri 27 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-26T18:30:54Z → 1908-11-27T16:48:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:18–12:06 on the 26th, 11:19–12:07 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24116 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Friday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vināyaka Caturthī 1908 falls on Friday 27 November. Caturthī runs from 20:31 on Thu 26 Nov to 18:48 on Fri 27 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-11-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17292, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-27T18:48:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-27T16:48:28Z", "ms": -1927955491809.5881 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-28T16:55:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-28T14:55:05Z", "ms": -1927875894675.749 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-27T18:48:28+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-27T16:48:28Z", "ms": -1927955491809.5881 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-28T16:55:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-28T14:55:05Z", "ms": -1927875894675.749 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-27T11:18:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-27T09:18:33Z", "ms": -1927982487401.7854 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-27T12:06:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-27T10:06:33Z", "ms": -1927979607401.7854 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-28T11:18:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-28T09:18:53Z", "ms": -1927896067115.9155 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-28T12:06:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-28T10:06:53Z", "ms": -1927893187115.9155 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:48 on Fri 27 Nov to 16:55 on Sat 28 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-27T16:48:28Z → 1908-11-28T14:55:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:19–12:07 on the 27th, 11:19–12:07 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17292 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Cairo, 1908: Saturday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1908 falls on Saturday 28 November. Pañcamī runs from 18:48 on Fri 27 Nov to 16:55 on Sat 28 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10005, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-28T16:55:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-28T14:55:05Z", "ms": -1927875894675.749 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-29T14:53:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-29T12:53:59Z", "ms": -1927796760826.8762 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-28T16:55:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-28T14:55:05Z", "ms": -1927875894675.749 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-29T14:53:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-29T12:53:59Z", "ms": -1927796760826.8762 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-28T11:18:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-28T09:18:53Z", "ms": -1927896067115.9155 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-28T12:06:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-28T10:06:53Z", "ms": -1927893187115.9155 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-29T11:19:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-29T09:19:14Z", "ms": -1927809646137.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-29T12:07:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-29T10:07:14Z", "ms": -1927806766137.1965 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:55 on Sat 28 Nov to 14:54 on Sun 29 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-28T14:55:05Z → 1908-11-29T12:53:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:19–12:07 on the 28th, 11:19–12:07 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10005 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1908 falls on Sunday 29 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:55 on Sat 28 Nov to 14:54 on Sun 29 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10005, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-28T16:55:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-28T14:55:05Z", "ms": -1927875894675.749 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-29T14:53:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-29T12:53:59Z", "ms": -1927796760826.8762 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-28T16:55:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-28T14:55:05Z", "ms": -1927875894675.749 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-29T14:53:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-29T12:53:59Z", "ms": -1927796760826.8762 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-28T11:18:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-28T09:18:53Z", "ms": -1927896067115.9155 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-28T12:06:53+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-28T10:06:53Z", "ms": -1927893187115.9155 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-29T11:19:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-29T09:19:14Z", "ms": -1927809646137.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-29T12:07:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-29T10:07:14Z", "ms": -1927806766137.1965 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:55 on Sat 28 Nov to 14:54 on Sun 29 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-28T14:55:05Z → 1908-11-29T12:53:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:19–12:07 on the 28th, 11:19–12:07 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10005 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1908 falls on Sunday 29 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:55 on Sat 28 Nov to 14:54 on Sun 29 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-11-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2427, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1908-11-29T14:53:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-29T12:53:59Z", "ms": -1927796760826.8762 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-30T12:48:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-30T10:48:02Z", "ms": -1927717917618.8474 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-11-29T14:53:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-29T12:53:59Z", "ms": -1927796760826.8762 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-30T12:48:02+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-30T10:48:02Z", "ms": -1927717917618.8474 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-29T11:19:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-29T09:19:14Z", "ms": -1927809646137.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-29T12:07:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-29T10:07:14Z", "ms": -1927806766137.1965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-11-30T11:19:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-30T09:19:36Z", "ms": -1927723224486.714 }, "end": { "local": "1908-11-30T12:07:36+02:00", "utc": "1908-11-30T10:07:36Z", "ms": -1927720344486.714 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:54 on Sun 29 Nov to 12:48 on Mon 30 Nov.", "fact": "1908-11-29T12:53:59Z → 1908-11-30T10:48:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:19–12:07 on the 29th, 11:20–12:08 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2427 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Cairo, 1908: Monday 30 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-11-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Mitra Saptamī 1908 falls on Monday 30 November. Saptamī runs from 14:54 on Sun 29 Nov to 12:48 on Mon 30 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-12-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-12-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 324, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-12-03T06:29:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-03T04:29:35Z", "ms": -1927481425142.2764 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-04T04:34:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-04T02:34:14Z", "ms": -1927401946479.318 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-12-03T06:29:35+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-03T04:29:35Z", "ms": -1927481425142.2764 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-04T04:34:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-04T02:34:14Z", "ms": -1927401946479.318 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-03T06:34:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-03T04:34:59Z", "ms": -1927481100987.7222 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-03T06:34:59+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-03T04:34:59Z", "ms": -1927481100987.7222 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-04T06:35:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-04T04:35:46Z", "ms": -1927394654089.6 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-04T06:35:46+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-04T04:35:46Z", "ms": -1927394654089.6 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:30 on Thu 3 Dec to 04:34 on Fri 4 Dec.", "fact": "1908-12-03T04:29:35Z → 1908-12-04T02:34:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:35 on the 3rd and 06:36 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 324 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Thursday 3 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Thursday 3 December. Ekādaśī runs from 06:30 on Thu 3 Dec to 04:34 on Fri 4 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-12-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-12-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-12-04T04:34:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-04T02:34:14Z", "ms": -1927401946479.318 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-05T02:51:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-05T00:51:03Z", "ms": -1927321737352.0068 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-12-04T04:34:14+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-04T02:34:14Z", "ms": -1927401946479.318 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-05T02:51:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-05T00:51:03Z", "ms": -1927321737352.0068 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-04T11:21:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-04T09:21:08Z", "ms": -1927377531583.9858 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-04T12:09:08+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-04T10:09:08Z", "ms": -1927374651583.9858 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-05T11:21:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-05T09:21:33Z", "ms": -1927291106886.212 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-05T12:09:33+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-05T10:09:33Z", "ms": -1927288226886.212 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 04:34 on Fri 4 Dec to 02:51 on Sat 5 Dec.", "fact": "1908-12-04T02:34:14Z → 1908-12-05T00:51:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:21–12:09 on the 4th, 11:22–12:10 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Friday 4 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1908 falls on Friday 4 December. Dvādaśī runs from 04:34 on Fri 4 Dec to 02:51 on Sat 5 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-12-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24037, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-12-05T02:51:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-05T00:51:03Z", "ms": -1927321737352.0068 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-06T01:24:52+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-05T23:24:52Z", "ms": -1927240507508.306 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-12-05T02:51:03+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-05T00:51:03Z", "ms": -1927321737352.0068 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-06T01:24:52+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-05T23:24:52Z", "ms": -1927240507508.306 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-04T16:54:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-04T14:54:31Z", "ms": -1927357529078.3718 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-04T18:44:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-04T16:44:07Z", "ms": -1927350952901.4946 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-05T16:54:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-05T14:54:34Z", "ms": -1927271126020.6313 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-05T18:44:16+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-05T16:44:16Z", "ms": -1927264544152.9016 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:51 on Sat 5 Dec to 01:25 on Sun 6 Dec.", "fact": "1908-12-05T00:51:03Z → 1908-12-05T23:24:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:55–18:44 on the 4th, 16:55–18:44 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 110 minutes on the 4th and 110 of 110 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24037 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Saturday 5 December. Trayodaśī runs from 02:51 on Sat 5 Dec to 01:25 on Sun 6 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-12-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-12-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17959, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1908-12-07T00:20:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-06T22:20:50Z", "ms": -1927157950153.2922 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-07T23:43:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-07T21:43:56Z", "ms": -1927073763872.7832 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-12-07T00:20:50+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-06T22:20:50Z", "ms": -1927157950153.2922 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-07T23:43:56+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-07T21:43:56Z", "ms": -1927073763872.7832 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-06T16:54:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-06T14:54:39Z", "ms": -1927184721269.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-06T18:44:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-06T16:44:26Z", "ms": -1927178134021.7378 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-07T16:54:45+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-07T14:54:45Z", "ms": -1927098314830.3062 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-07T18:44:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-07T16:44:37Z", "ms": -1927091722517.3674 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:21 on Mon 7 Dec to 23:44 on Mon 7 Dec.", "fact": "1908-12-06T22:20:50Z → 1908-12-07T21:43:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:55–18:44 on the 6th, 16:55–18:45 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 110 minutes on the 6th and 110 of 110 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17959 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Cairo, 1908: Monday 7 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1908 falls on Monday 7 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:21 on Mon 7 Dec to 23:44 on Mon 7 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-12-11", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-12-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21436, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-12-11T01:12:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-10T23:12:55Z", "ms": -1926809224949.1116 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-12T02:51:38+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-12T00:51:38Z", "ms": -1926716901558.951 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-12-11T01:12:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-10T23:12:55Z", "ms": -1926809224949.1116 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-12T02:51:38+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-12T00:51:38Z", "ms": -1926716901558.951 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-10T19:15:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-10T17:15:39Z", "ms": -1926830661354.013 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-10T19:15:39+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-10T17:15:39Z", "ms": -1926830661354.013 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-11T20:11:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-11T18:11:18Z", "ms": -1926740921888.7583 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-11T20:11:18+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-11T18:11:18Z", "ms": -1926740921888.7583 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:13 on Fri 11 Dec to 02:52 on Sat 12 Dec.", "fact": "1908-12-10T23:12:55Z → 1908-12-12T00:51:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:16 on the 10th and 20:11 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 10th and is on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21436 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Friday 11 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1908 falls on Friday 11 December. Caturthī runs from 01:13 on Fri 11 Dec to 02:52 on Sat 12 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1908-12-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-12-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-12-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33445, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-12-18T16:02:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-18T14:02:51Z", "ms": -1926151028728.8933 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-19T16:57:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-19T14:57:40Z", "ms": -1926061340212.8196 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-12-18T16:02:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-18T14:02:51Z", "ms": -1926151028728.8933 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-19T16:57:40+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-19T14:57:40Z", "ms": -1926061340212.8196 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-18T06:45:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-18T04:45:26Z", "ms": -1926184474127.8103 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-18T06:45:26+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-18T04:45:26Z", "ms": -1926184474127.8103 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1908-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-19T06:46:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-19T04:46:00Z", "ms": -1926098039782.6614 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-19T06:46:00+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-19T04:46:00Z", "ms": -1926098039782.6614 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:03 on Fri 18 Dec to 16:58 on Sat 19 Dec.", "fact": "1908-12-18T14:02:51Z → 1908-12-19T14:57:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:45 on the 18th and 06:46 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33445 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 19 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1908 falls on Saturday 19 December. Ekādaśī runs from 16:03 on Fri 18 Dec to 16:58 on Sat 19 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/ekadashi?on=1908-12-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-12-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-12-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 678, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-12-20T17:09:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-20T15:09:55Z", "ms": -1925974204611.6672 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-21T16:40:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-21T14:40:01Z", "ms": -1925889599437.7922 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-12-20T17:09:55+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-20T15:09:55Z", "ms": -1925974204611.6672 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-21T16:40:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-21T14:40:01Z", "ms": -1925889599437.7922 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-12-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-20T16:58:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-20T14:58:37Z", "ms": -1925974882954.3975 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-20T18:49:05+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-20T16:49:05Z", "ms": -1925968255176.088 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-21T16:59:06+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-21T14:59:06Z", "ms": -1925888454428.6663 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-21T18:49:34+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-21T16:49:34Z", "ms": -1925881826355.0908 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:10 on Sun 20 Dec to 16:40 on Mon 21 Dec.", "fact": "1908-12-20T15:09:55Z → 1908-12-21T14:40:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:59–18:49 on the 20th, 16:59–18:50 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 99 of 110 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 110 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 678 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Cairo, 1908: Sunday 20 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1908 falls on Sunday 20 December. Trayodaśī runs from 17:10 on Sun 20 Dec to 16:40 on Mon 21 Dec and covers 99 of 110 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/pradosha-vrata?on=1908-12-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-12-21", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-12-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24560, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1908-12-21T16:40:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-21T14:40:01Z", "ms": -1925889599437.7922 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-22T15:31:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-22T13:31:22Z", "ms": -1925807318044.5957 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-12-21T16:40:01+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-21T14:40:01Z", "ms": -1925889599437.7922 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-22T15:31:22+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-22T13:31:22Z", "ms": -1925807318044.5957 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-21T23:29:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-21T21:29:21Z", "ms": -1925865039152.758 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-22T00:17:21+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-21T22:17:21Z", "ms": -1925862159152.758 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-22T23:29:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-22T21:29:51Z", "ms": -1925778609469.731 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-23T00:17:51+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-22T22:17:51Z", "ms": -1925775729469.731 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:40 on Mon 21 Dec to 15:31 on Tue 22 Dec.", "fact": "1908-12-21T14:40:01Z → 1908-12-22T13:31:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:29–00:17 on the 21st, 23:30–00:18 on the 22nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24560 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Cairo, 1908: Monday 21 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Śivarātri 1908 falls on Monday 21 December. Caturdaśī runs from 16:40 on Mon 21 Dec to 15:31 on Tue 22 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/shivaratri?on=1908-12-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-12-26", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "360630", "year": 1908, "local_date": "1908-12-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17613, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1908-12-26T06:38:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-26T04:38:04Z", "ms": -1925493715591.581 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-27T03:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-27T01:57:31Z", "ms": -1925416949311.858 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1908-12-26T06:38:04+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-26T04:38:04Z", "ms": -1925493715591.581 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-27T03:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-27T01:57:31Z", "ms": -1925416949311.858 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1908-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-26T11:31:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-26T09:31:37Z", "ms": -1925476102996.5679 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-26T12:19:37+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-26T10:19:37Z", "ms": -1925473222996.5679 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1908-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1908-12-27T11:32:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-27T09:32:07Z", "ms": -1925389672919.2737 }, "end": { "local": "1908-12-27T12:20:07+02:00", "utc": "1908-12-27T10:20:07Z", "ms": -1925386792919.2737 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:38 on Sat 26 Dec to 03:58 on Sun 27 Dec.", "fact": "1908-12-26T04:38:04Z → 1908-12-27T01:57:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 26th, 11:32–12:20 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17613 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Cairo, 1908: Saturday 26 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1908-12-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Cairo, Vināyaka Caturthī 1908 falls on Saturday 26 December. Caturthī runs from 06:38 on Sat 26 Dec to 03:58 on Sun 27 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/cairo/festivals/1908/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1908-12-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }