{ "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009", "place": { "id": "524901", "slug": "moscow", "name": "Moscow", "region": "Russia", "country": "RU", "lat": 55.75204, "lon": 37.61781, "elevation_m": 155, "tz": "Europe/Moscow" }, "year": 2009, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-01-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35313, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-01-06T23:08:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-06T20:08:24Z", "ms": 1231272503585.9783 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-07T20:28:18+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-07T17:28:18Z", "ms": 1231349298308.532 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-01-06T23:08:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-06T20:08:24Z", "ms": 1231272503585.9783 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-07T20:28:18+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-07T17:28:18Z", "ms": 1231349298308.532 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-07T08:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-07T05:56:57Z", "ms": 1231307816543.1 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-07T08:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-07T05:56:57Z", "ms": 1231307816543.1 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-08T08:56:16+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-08T05:56:16Z", "ms": 1231394175862.4211 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-08T08:56:16+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-08T05:56:16Z", "ms": 1231394175862.4211 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:08 on Tue 6 Jan to 20:28 on Wed 7 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-06T20:08:24Z → 2009-01-07T17:28:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 08:57 on the 7th and 08:56 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35313 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Putradā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Wednesday 7 January. Ekādaśī runs from 23:08 on Tue 6 Jan to 20:28 on Wed 7 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-01-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3730, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-01-08T17:18:47+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-08T14:18:47Z", "ms": 1231424327372.3203 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-09T13:48:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-09T10:48:45Z", "ms": 1231498124716.9172 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-01-08T17:18:47+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-08T14:18:47Z", "ms": 1231424327372.3203 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-09T13:48:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-09T10:48:45Z", "ms": 1231498124716.9172 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-08T16:16:38+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-08T13:16:38Z", "ms": 1231420597624.8948 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-08T18:29:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-08T15:29:49Z", "ms": 1231428588795.1104 } }, "covered_min": 71, "window_min": 133, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-09T16:18:13+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-09T13:18:13Z", "ms": 1231507092947.0217 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-09T18:31:05+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-09T15:31:05Z", "ms": 1231515064984.2117 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 133, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:19 on Thu 8 Jan to 13:49 on Fri 9 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-08T14:18:47Z → 2009-01-09T10:48:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:17–18:30 on the 8th, 16:18–18:31 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 71 of 133 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 133 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3730 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Thursday 8 January. Trayodaśī runs from 17:19 on Thu 8 Jan to 13:49 on Fri 9 Jan and covers 71 of 133 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41518, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2009-01-14T03:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z", "ms": 1231894616742.5503 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-12T16:53:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-12T13:53:57Z", "ms": 1234446836733.6345 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2009-01-14T03:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z", "ms": 1231894616742.5503 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-14T03:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z", "ms": 1231894616742.5503 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-12T16:23:14+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-12T13:23:14Z", "ms": 1231766594014.3965 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-13T16:24:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-13T13:24:59Z", "ms": 1231853099062.533 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-13T16:24:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-13T13:24:59Z", "ms": 1231853099062.533 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-14T16:26:46+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T13:26:46Z", "ms": 1231939606287.1533 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "2009-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 03:57 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 16:25, and the day of the 14th ends at 16:27.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 41518 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2009-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2009-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Bhogi 2009 falls on Tuesday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 03:57 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 12 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-01-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-13", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3634, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-01-13T21:02:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-13T18:02:01Z", "ms": 1231869720895.519 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-14T18:57:31+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T15:57:31Z", "ms": 1231948651119.663 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-01-13T21:02:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-13T18:02:01Z", "ms": 1231869720895.519 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-14T18:57:31+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T15:57:31Z", "ms": 1231948651119.663 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-13T20:01:27+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-13T17:01:27Z", "ms": 1231866087004.7056 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-13T20:01:27+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-13T17:01:27Z", "ms": 1231866087004.7056 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-14T21:31:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T18:31:49Z", "ms": 1231957908835.766 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-14T21:31:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T18:31:49Z", "ms": 1231957908835.766 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:02 on Tue 13 Jan to 18:58 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-13T18:02:01Z → 2009-01-14T15:57:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:01 on the 13th and 21:32 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 3634 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-13", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-13", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2009 falls on Tuesday 13 January. Caturthī runs from 21:02 on Tue 13 Jan to 18:58 on Wed 14 Jan, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-01-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41518, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2009-01-14T03:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z", "ms": 1231894616742.5503 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-12T16:53:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-12T13:53:57Z", "ms": 1234446836733.6345 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2009-01-14T03:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z", "ms": 1231894616742.5503 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-14T03:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z", "ms": 1231894616742.5503 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-12T16:23:14+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-12T13:23:14Z", "ms": 1231766594014.3965 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-13T16:24:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-13T13:24:59Z", "ms": 1231853099062.533 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-13T16:24:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-13T13:24:59Z", "ms": 1231853099062.533 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-14T16:26:46+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T13:26:46Z", "ms": 1231939606287.1533 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 03:57 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 16:25, and the day of the 14th ends at 16:27.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 41518 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2009-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2009-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Pongal 2009 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 03:57 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14217, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2009-01-14T03:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z", "ms": 1231894616742.5503 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-12T16:53:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-12T13:53:57Z", "ms": 1234446836733.6345 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2009-01-14T03:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z", "ms": 1231894616742.5503 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-14T03:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z", "ms": 1231894616742.5503 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-13T00:00:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-12T21:00:00Z", "ms": 1231794000000 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-14T00:00:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-13T21:00:00Z", "ms": 1231880400000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-14T00:00:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-13T21:00:00Z", "ms": 1231880400000 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-15T00:00:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T21:00:00Z", "ms": 1231966800000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 03:57 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Moscow.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Europe/Moscow" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 14217 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2009-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "2009-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Makara Saṅkrānti 2009 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 03:57 on Wed 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41518, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2009-01-14T03:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z", "ms": 1231894616742.5503 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-12T16:53:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-12T13:53:57Z", "ms": 1234446836733.6345 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2009-01-14T03:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z", "ms": 1231894616742.5503 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-14T03:56:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z", "ms": 1231894616742.5503 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-12T16:23:14+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-12T13:23:14Z", "ms": 1231766594014.3965 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-13T16:24:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-13T13:24:59Z", "ms": 1231853099062.533 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-13T16:24:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-13T13:24:59Z", "ms": 1231853099062.533 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-14T16:26:46+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-14T13:26:46Z", "ms": 1231939606287.1533 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "2009-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 03:57 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-14T00:56:57Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 16:25, and the day of the 14th ends at 16:27.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 41518 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2009-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2009-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mattu Pongal 2009 falls on Thursday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 03:57 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-01-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28412, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-01-20T22:15:20+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-20T19:15:20Z", "ms": 1232478919712.4805 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-22T00:47:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-21T21:47:09Z", "ms": 1232574428648.2876 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-01-20T22:15:20+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-20T19:15:20Z", "ms": 1232478919712.4805 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-22T00:47:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-21T21:47:09Z", "ms": 1232574428648.2876 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-21T08:42:08+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-21T05:42:08Z", "ms": 1232516528009.6091 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-21T08:42:08+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-21T05:42:08Z", "ms": 1232516528009.6091 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-22T08:40:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-22T05:40:41Z", "ms": 1232602840765.1624 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-22T08:40:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-22T05:40:41Z", "ms": 1232602840765.1624 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:15 on Tue 20 Jan to 00:47 on Thu 22 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-20T19:15:20Z → 2009-01-21T21:47:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 08:42 on the 21st and 08:41 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28412 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 21 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Wednesday 21 January. Ekādaśī runs from 22:15 on Tue 20 Jan to 00:47 on Thu 22 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-01-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-01-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31095, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-01-23T03:28:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-23T00:28:01Z", "ms": 1232670481263.917 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-24T06:08:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-24T03:08:07Z", "ms": 1232766487114.3096 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-01-23T03:28:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-23T00:28:01Z", "ms": 1232670481263.917 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-24T06:08:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-24T03:08:07Z", "ms": 1232766487114.3096 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-22T16:42:10+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-22T13:42:10Z", "ms": 1232631729841.1611 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-22T18:49:46+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-22T15:49:46Z", "ms": 1232639385961.7043 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 128, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-23T16:44:12+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-23T13:44:12Z", "ms": 1232718251931.5007 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-23T18:51:19+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-23T15:51:19Z", "ms": 1232725879410.4434 } }, "covered_min": 127, "window_min": 127, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:28 on Fri 23 Jan to 06:08 on Sat 24 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-23T00:28:01Z → 2009-01-24T03:08:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:42–18:50 on the 22nd, 16:44–18:51 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 128 minutes on the 22nd and 127 of 127 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31095 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Friday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Friday 23 January. Trayodaśī runs from 03:28 on Fri 23 Jan to 06:08 on Sat 24 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-01-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 195, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-01-24T06:08:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-24T03:08:07Z", "ms": 1232766487114.3096 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-25T08:39:18+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-25T05:39:18Z", "ms": 1232861957886.794 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-01-24T06:08:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-24T03:08:07Z", "ms": 1232766487114.3096 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-25T08:39:18+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-25T05:39:18Z", "ms": 1232861957886.794 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-24T06:30:31+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-24T03:30:31Z", "ms": 1232767830544.6277 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-24T08:37:38+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-24T05:37:38Z", "ms": 1232775458023.5703 } }, "covered_min": 127, "window_min": 127, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-25T06:29:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-25T03:29:24Z", "ms": 1232854164338.1511 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-25T08:36:03+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-25T05:36:03Z", "ms": 1232861762673.1536 } }, "covered_min": 127, "window_min": 127, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:08 on Sat 24 Jan to 08:39 on Sun 25 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-24T03:08:07Z → 2009-01-25T05:39:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 06:31–08:38 on the 24th, 06:29–08:36 on the 25th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 127 of 127 minutes on the 24th and 127 of 127 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both dawns qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 195 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Yama Tarpaṇa 2009 falls on Saturday 24 January. Caturdaśī runs from 06:08 on Sat 24 Jan to 08:39 on Sun 25 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn. It also reaches the next dawn for 127 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 3 min 15 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-01-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18192, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-01-24T06:08:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-24T03:08:07Z", "ms": 1232766487114.3096 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-25T08:39:18+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-25T05:39:18Z", "ms": 1232861957886.794 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-01-24T06:08:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-24T03:08:07Z", "ms": 1232766487114.3096 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-25T08:39:18+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-25T05:39:18Z", "ms": 1232861957886.794 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-24T00:16:55+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-23T21:16:55Z", "ms": 1232745414977.5356 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-24T01:04:55+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-23T22:04:55Z", "ms": 1232748294977.5356 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-25T00:17:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-24T21:17:09Z", "ms": 1232831828916.894 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-25T01:05:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-24T22:05:09Z", "ms": 1232834708916.894 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:08 on Sat 24 Jan to 08:39 on Sun 25 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-24T03:08:07Z → 2009-01-25T05:39:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:17–01:05 on the 23rd, 00:17–01:05 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18192 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2009 falls on Saturday 24 January. Caturdaśī runs from 06:08 on Sat 24 Jan to 08:39 on Sun 25 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-01-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3029, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-01-29T15:30:32+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-29T12:30:32Z", "ms": 1233232232398.5466 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-30T16:08:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T13:08:24Z", "ms": 1233320903889.6304 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-01-29T15:30:32+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-29T12:30:32Z", "ms": 1233232232398.5466 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-30T16:08:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T13:08:24Z", "ms": 1233320903889.6304 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-29T16:56:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-29T13:56:45Z", "ms": 1233237405142.1724 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-29T19:00:51+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-29T16:00:51Z", "ms": 1233244850987.2058 } }, "covered_min": 124, "window_min": 124, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-30T16:58:53+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T13:58:53Z", "ms": 1233323933299.3481 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-30T19:02:27+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T16:02:27Z", "ms": 1233331347437.781 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 124, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:31 on Thu 29 Jan to 16:08 on Fri 30 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-29T12:30:32Z → 2009-01-30T13:08:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:57–19:01 on the 29th, 16:59–19:02 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 124 of 124 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 124 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3029 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 29 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Tila Caturthī 2009 falls on Thursday 29 January. Caturthī runs from 15:31 on Thu 29 Jan to 16:08 on Fri 30 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8612, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-01-29T15:30:32+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-29T12:30:32Z", "ms": 1233232232398.5466 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-30T16:08:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T13:08:24Z", "ms": 1233320903889.6304 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-01-29T15:30:32+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-29T12:30:32Z", "ms": 1233232232398.5466 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-30T16:08:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T13:08:24Z", "ms": 1233320903889.6304 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-29T12:19:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-29T09:19:01Z", "ms": 1233220740776.9792 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-29T13:07:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-29T10:07:01Z", "ms": 1233223620776.9792 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-30T12:19:11+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T09:19:11Z", "ms": 1233307151139.6362 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-30T13:07:11+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T10:07:11Z", "ms": 1233310031139.6362 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:31 on Thu 29 Jan to 16:08 on Fri 30 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-29T12:30:32Z → 2009-01-30T13:08:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:19–13:07 on the 29th, 12:19–13:07 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8612 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Moscow, 2009: Friday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 2009 falls on Friday 30 January. Caturthī runs from 15:31 on Thu 29 Jan to 16:08 on Fri 30 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10873, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2009-01-30T16:08:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T13:08:24Z", "ms": 1233320903889.6304 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-31T16:15:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-31T13:15:41Z", "ms": 1233407740861.3335 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-01-30T16:08:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T13:08:24Z", "ms": 1233320903889.6304 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-31T16:15:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-31T13:15:41Z", "ms": 1233407740861.3335 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-30T12:19:11+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T09:19:11Z", "ms": 1233307151139.6362 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-30T13:07:11+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T10:07:11Z", "ms": 1233310031139.6362 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-31T12:19:21+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-31T09:19:21Z", "ms": 1233393560664.0645 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-31T13:07:21+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-31T10:07:21Z", "ms": 1233396440664.0645 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 16:08 on Fri 30 Jan to 16:16 on Sat 31 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-30T13:08:24Z → 2009-01-31T13:15:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:19–13:07 on the 30th, 12:19–13:07 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10873 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śrī Pañcamī 2009 falls on Saturday 31 January. Pañcamī runs from 16:08 on Fri 30 Jan to 16:16 on Sat 31 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10873, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2009-01-30T16:08:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T13:08:24Z", "ms": 1233320903889.6304 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-31T16:15:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-31T13:15:41Z", "ms": 1233407740861.3335 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-01-30T16:08:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T13:08:24Z", "ms": 1233320903889.6304 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-31T16:15:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-31T13:15:41Z", "ms": 1233407740861.3335 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-30T12:19:11+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T09:19:11Z", "ms": 1233307151139.6362 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-30T13:07:11+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-30T10:07:11Z", "ms": 1233310031139.6362 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-01-31T12:19:21+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-31T09:19:21Z", "ms": 1233393560664.0645 }, "end": { "local": "2009-01-31T13:07:21+03:00", "utc": "2009-01-31T10:07:21Z", "ms": 1233396440664.0645 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 16:08 on Fri 30 Jan to 16:16 on Sat 31 Jan.", "fact": "2009-01-30T13:08:24Z → 2009-01-31T13:15:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:19–13:07 on the 30th, 12:19–13:07 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10873 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vasanta Pañcamī 2009 falls on Saturday 31 January. Pañcamī runs from 16:08 on Fri 30 Jan to 16:16 on Sat 31 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-02-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23512, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2009-02-01T15:50:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-01T12:50:59Z", "ms": 1233492659136.6594 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-02T14:53:46+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-02T11:53:46Z", "ms": 1233575625991.5564 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-02-01T15:50:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-01T12:50:59Z", "ms": 1233492659136.6594 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-02T14:53:46+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-02T11:53:46Z", "ms": 1233575625991.5564 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-01T06:20:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-01T03:20:45Z", "ms": 1233458445476.6965 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-01T08:23:48+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-01T05:23:48Z", "ms": 1233465827551.4907 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 123, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-02T06:19:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-02T03:19:24Z", "ms": 1233544764015.0366 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-02T08:21:54+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-02T05:21:54Z", "ms": 1233552113687.6377 } }, "covered_min": 122, "window_min": 122, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 15:51 on Sun 1 Feb to 14:54 on Mon 2 Feb.", "fact": "2009-02-01T12:50:59Z → 2009-02-02T11:53:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 06:21–08:24 on the 1st, 06:19–08:22 on the 2nd.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 123 minutes on the 1st and 122 of 122 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23512 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Moscow, 2009: Monday 2 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ratha Saptamī 2009 falls on Monday 2 February. Saptamī runs from 15:51 on Sun 1 Feb to 14:54 on Mon 2 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-02-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2651, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-02-05T09:00:11+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-05T06:00:11Z", "ms": 1233813610782.289 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-06T06:13:15+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-06T03:13:15Z", "ms": 1233889994758.2058 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-02-05T09:00:11+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-05T06:00:11Z", "ms": 1233813610782.289 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-06T06:13:15+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-06T03:13:15Z", "ms": 1233889994758.2058 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-05T08:16:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-05T05:16:00Z", "ms": 1233810960282.091 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-05T08:16:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-05T05:16:00Z", "ms": 1233810960282.091 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-06T08:13:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-06T05:13:59Z", "ms": 1233897238756.448 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-06T08:13:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-06T05:13:59Z", "ms": 1233897238756.448 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:00 on Thu 5 Feb to 06:13 on Fri 6 Feb.", "fact": "2009-02-05T06:00:11Z → 2009-02-06T03:13:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 08:16 on the 5th and 08:14 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 2651 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Jayā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Thursday 5 February. Ekādaśī runs from 09:00 on Thu 5 Feb to 06:13 on Fri 6 Feb, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-02-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22005, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-02-06T06:13:15+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-06T03:13:15Z", "ms": 1233889994758.2058 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-07T03:11:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-07T00:11:01Z", "ms": 1233965460964.2283 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-02-06T06:13:15+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-06T03:13:15Z", "ms": 1233889994758.2058 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-07T03:11:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-07T00:11:01Z", "ms": 1233965460964.2283 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-06T12:20:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-06T09:20:00Z", "ms": 1233912000163.4023 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-06T13:08:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-06T10:08:00Z", "ms": 1233914880163.4023 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-07T12:20:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-07T09:20:04Z", "ms": 1233998403836.7144 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-07T13:08:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-07T10:08:04Z", "ms": 1234001283836.7144 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 06:13 on Fri 6 Feb to 03:11 on Sat 7 Feb.", "fact": "2009-02-06T03:13:15Z → 2009-02-07T00:11:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:20–13:08 on the 6th, 12:20–13:08 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22005 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Friday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 2009 falls on Friday 6 February. Dvādaśī runs from 06:13 on Fri 6 Feb to 03:11 on Sat 7 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-02-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17124, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-02-07T03:11:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-07T00:11:01Z", "ms": 1233965460964.2283 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-08T00:00:46+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-07T21:00:46Z", "ms": 1234040445637.4026 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-02-07T03:11:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-07T00:11:01Z", "ms": 1233965460964.2283 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-08T00:00:46+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-07T21:00:46Z", "ms": 1234040445637.4026 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-06T17:14:02+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-06T14:14:02Z", "ms": 1233929641570.3567 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-06T19:13:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-06T16:13:45Z", "ms": 1233936824757.4446 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 120, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-07T17:16:12+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-07T14:16:12Z", "ms": 1234016172199.9126 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-07T19:15:21+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-07T16:15:21Z", "ms": 1234023321305.7488 } }, "covered_min": 119, "window_min": 119, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:11 on Sat 7 Feb to 00:01 on Sun 8 Feb.", "fact": "2009-02-07T00:11:01Z → 2009-02-07T21:00:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:14–19:14 on the 6th, 17:16–19:15 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 120 minutes on the 6th and 119 of 119 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17124 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Saturday 7 February. Trayodaśī runs from 03:11 on Sat 7 Feb to 00:01 on Sun 8 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-02-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16861, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-02-08T20:50:35+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-08T17:50:35Z", "ms": 1234115434950.508 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-09T17:49:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-09T14:49:09Z", "ms": 1234190949473.6445 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-02-08T20:50:35+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-08T17:50:35Z", "ms": 1234115434950.508 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-09T17:49:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-09T14:49:09Z", "ms": 1234190949473.6445 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-08T12:20:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-08T09:20:07Z", "ms": 1234084806699.2715 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-08T13:08:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-08T10:08:07Z", "ms": 1234087686699.2715 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-09T12:20:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-09T09:20:09Z", "ms": 1234171208762.7515 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-09T13:08:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-09T10:08:09Z", "ms": 1234174088762.7515 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:51 on Sun 8 Feb to 17:49 on Mon 9 Feb.", "fact": "2009-02-08T17:50:35Z → 2009-02-09T14:49:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:20–13:08 on the 8th, 12:20–13:08 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16861 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Moscow, 2009: Monday 9 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Māghī Pūrṇimā 2009 falls on Monday 9 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 20:51 on Sun 8 Feb to 17:49 on Mon 9 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-02-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-02-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38849, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-02-12T11:05:51+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-12T08:05:51Z", "ms": 1234425951259.0483 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-13T10:05:06+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-13T07:05:06Z", "ms": 1234508705950.7214 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-02-12T11:05:51+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-12T08:05:51Z", "ms": 1234425951259.0483 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-13T10:05:06+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-13T07:05:06Z", "ms": 1234508705950.7214 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-12T21:53:20+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-12T18:53:20Z", "ms": 1234464799996.8718 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-12T21:53:20+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-12T18:53:20Z", "ms": 1234464799996.8718 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-13T23:18:32+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-13T20:18:32Z", "ms": 1234556312115.54 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-13T23:18:32+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-13T20:18:32Z", "ms": 1234556312115.54 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:06 on Thu 12 Feb to 10:05 on Fri 13 Feb.", "fact": "2009-02-12T08:05:51Z → 2009-02-13T07:05:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:53 on the 12th and 23:19 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38849 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 12 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2009 falls on Thursday 12 February. Caturthī runs from 11:06 on Thu 12 Feb to 10:05 on Fri 13 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-02-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-02-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-02-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37080, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-02-19T18:43:32+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-19T15:43:32Z", "ms": 1235058211646.0623 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-20T21:22:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-20T18:22:36Z", "ms": 1235154156164.7979 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-02-19T18:43:32+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-19T15:43:32Z", "ms": 1235058211646.0623 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-20T21:22:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-20T18:22:36Z", "ms": 1235154156164.7979 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-20T07:42:58+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-20T04:42:58Z", "ms": 1235104978166.8987 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-20T07:42:58+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-20T04:42:58Z", "ms": 1235104978166.8987 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-21T07:40:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-21T04:40:36Z", "ms": 1235191235941.85 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-21T07:40:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-21T04:40:36Z", "ms": 1235191235941.85 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:44 on Thu 19 Feb to 21:23 on Fri 20 Feb.", "fact": "2009-02-19T15:43:32Z → 2009-02-20T18:22:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:43 on the 20th and 07:41 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37080 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Friday 20 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vijayā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Friday 20 February. Ekādaśī runs from 18:44 on Thu 19 Feb to 21:23 on Fri 20 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-02-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-02-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15108, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-02-21T23:49:16+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-21T20:49:16Z", "ms": 1235249356455.3894 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-23T01:53:50+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-22T22:53:50Z", "ms": 1235343229684.1497 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-02-21T23:49:16+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-21T20:49:16Z", "ms": 1235249356455.3894 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-23T01:53:50+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-22T22:53:50Z", "ms": 1235343229684.1497 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-21T17:46:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-21T14:46:36Z", "ms": 1235227595929.5918 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-21T19:37:29+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-21T16:37:29Z", "ms": 1235234248835.0098 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-22T17:48:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-22T14:48:45Z", "ms": 1235314124863.7566 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-22T19:39:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-22T16:39:01Z", "ms": 1235320741354.3564 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:49 on Sat 21 Feb to 01:54 on Mon 23 Feb.", "fact": "2009-02-21T20:49:16Z → 2009-02-22T22:53:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:47–19:37 on the 21st, 17:49–19:39 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 111 minutes on the 21st and 110 of 110 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15108 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Sunday 22 February. Trayodaśī runs from 23:49 on Sat 21 Feb to 01:54 on Mon 23 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-02-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2853, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-02-23T01:53:50+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-22T22:53:50Z", "ms": 1235343229684.1497 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-24T03:30:03+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-24T00:30:03Z", "ms": 1235435402872.5813 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-02-23T01:53:50+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-22T22:53:50Z", "ms": 1235343229684.1497 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-24T03:30:03+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-24T00:30:03Z", "ms": 1235435402872.5813 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-23T00:18:17+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-22T21:18:17Z", "ms": 1235337496703.5059 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-23T01:06:17+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-22T22:06:17Z", "ms": 1235340376703.5059 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-24T00:18:08+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-23T21:18:08Z", "ms": 1235423888484.3962 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-24T01:06:08+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-23T22:06:08Z", "ms": 1235426768484.3962 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:54 on Mon 23 Feb to 03:30 on Tue 24 Feb.", "fact": "2009-02-22T22:53:50Z → 2009-02-24T00:30:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:18–01:06 on the 22nd, 00:18–01:06 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 2853 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Moscow, 2009: Monday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mahāśivarātri 2009 falls on Monday 23 February. Caturdaśī runs from 01:54 on Mon 23 Feb to 03:30 on Tue 24 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-02-28", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-02-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26951, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-02-28T04:49:23+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-28T01:49:23Z", "ms": 1235785762820.405 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-01T04:02:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-01T01:02:07Z", "ms": 1235869327067.319 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-02-28T04:49:23+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-28T01:49:23Z", "ms": 1235785762820.405 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-01T04:02:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-01T01:02:07Z", "ms": 1235869327067.319 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-02-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-02-28T12:18:33+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-28T09:18:33Z", "ms": 1235812713427.5786 }, "end": { "local": "2009-02-28T13:06:33+03:00", "utc": "2009-02-28T10:06:33Z", "ms": 1235815593427.5786 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-01T12:18:22+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-01T09:18:22Z", "ms": 1235899102245.441 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-01T13:06:22+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-01T10:06:22Z", "ms": 1235901982245.441 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:49 on Sat 28 Feb to 04:02 on Sun 1 Mar.", "fact": "2009-02-28T01:49:23Z → 2009-03-01T01:02:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:19–13:07 on the 28th, 12:18–13:06 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26951 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 28 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-02-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2009 falls on Saturday 28 February. Caturthī runs from 04:49 on Sat 28 Feb to 04:02 on Sun 1 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-02-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-03-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27755, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-03-06T17:15:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-06T14:15:00Z", "ms": 1236348899716.3018 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-07T14:48:32+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-07T11:48:32Z", "ms": 1236426512235.0413 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-06T17:15:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-06T14:15:00Z", "ms": 1236348899716.3018 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-07T14:48:32+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-07T11:48:32Z", "ms": 1236426512235.0413 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-06T07:08:30+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-06T04:08:30Z", "ms": 1236312510289.1865 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-06T07:08:30+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-06T04:08:30Z", "ms": 1236312510289.1865 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-07T07:05:58+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-07T04:05:58Z", "ms": 1236398757518.7178 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-07T07:05:58+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-07T04:05:58Z", "ms": 1236398757518.7178 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:15 on Fri 6 Mar to 14:49 on Sat 7 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-06T14:15:00Z → 2009-03-07T11:48:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:09 on the 6th and 07:06 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27755 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Saturday 7 March. Ekādaśī runs from 17:15 on Fri 6 Mar to 14:49 on Sat 7 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-03-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-03-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21507, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-03-08T12:19:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-08T09:19:49Z", "ms": 1236503989459.0327 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-09T09:54:08+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-09T06:54:08Z", "ms": 1236581648012.007 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-08T12:19:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-08T09:19:49Z", "ms": 1236503989459.0327 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-09T09:54:08+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-09T06:54:08Z", "ms": 1236581648012.007 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-08T18:18:17+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-08T15:18:17Z", "ms": 1236525496585.924 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-08T19:59:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-08T16:59:57Z", "ms": 1236531597112.0916 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-09T18:20:21+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-09T15:20:21Z", "ms": 1236612020674.9648 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-09T20:01:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-09T17:01:24Z", "ms": 1236618084102.2563 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:20 on Sun 8 Mar to 09:54 on Mon 9 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-08T09:19:49Z → 2009-03-09T06:54:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:18–20:00 on the 8th, 18:20–20:01 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 102 of 102 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 101 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21507 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 8 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Sunday 8 March. Trayodaśī runs from 12:20 on Sun 8 Mar to 09:54 on Mon 9 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-03-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30470, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-03-10T07:37:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-10T04:37:45Z", "ms": 1236659864665.893 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-11T05:37:44+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-11T02:37:44Z", "ms": 1236739064311.6338 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-10T07:37:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-10T04:37:45Z", "ms": 1236659864665.893 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-11T05:37:44+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-11T02:37:44Z", "ms": 1236739064311.6338 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-10T16:05:35+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-10T13:05:35Z", "ms": 1236690334858.753 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-10T18:22:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-10T15:22:24Z", "ms": 1236698544478.5286 } }, "covered_min": 137, "window_min": 137, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-11T16:06:43+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-11T13:06:43Z", "ms": 1236776802777.4155 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-11T18:24:28+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-11T15:24:28Z", "ms": 1236785068014.568 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 138, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:38 on Tue 10 Mar to 05:38 on Wed 11 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-10T04:37:45Z → 2009-03-11T02:37:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:06–18:22 on the 10th, 16:07–18:24 on the 11th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 137 of 137 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 138 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30470 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 10 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Holikā Dahana 2009 falls on Tuesday 10 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:38 on Tue 10 Mar to 05:38 on Wed 11 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30470, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-03-10T07:37:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-10T04:37:45Z", "ms": 1236659864665.893 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-11T05:37:44+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-11T02:37:44Z", "ms": 1236739064311.6338 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-10T07:37:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-10T04:37:45Z", "ms": 1236659864665.893 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-11T05:37:44+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-11T02:37:44Z", "ms": 1236739064311.6338 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-10T16:05:35+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-10T13:05:35Z", "ms": 1236690334858.753 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-10T18:22:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-10T15:22:24Z", "ms": 1236698544478.5286 } }, "covered_min": 137, "window_min": 137, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-11T16:06:43+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-11T13:06:43Z", "ms": 1236776802777.4155 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-11T18:24:28+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-11T15:24:28Z", "ms": 1236785068014.568 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 138, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "2009-03-10", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:38 on Tue 10 Mar to 05:38 on Wed 11 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-10T04:37:45Z → 2009-03-11T02:37:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:06–18:22 on the 10th, 16:07–18:24 on the 11th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 137 of 137 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 138 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30470 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Tuesday 10 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Holī 2009 falls on Wednesday 11 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Tuesday 10 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:38 on Tue 10 Mar to 05:38 on Wed 11 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 10th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4678, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2009-03-11T05:37:44+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-11T02:37:44Z", "ms": 1236739064311.6338 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-12T04:01:38+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-12T01:01:38Z", "ms": 1236819697613.9136 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-11T05:37:44+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-11T02:37:44Z", "ms": 1236739064311.6338 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-12T04:01:38+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-12T01:01:38Z", "ms": 1236819697613.9136 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-11T06:55:42+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-11T03:55:42Z", "ms": 1236743741828.8057 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-11T06:55:42+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-11T03:55:42Z", "ms": 1236743741828.8057 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-12T06:53:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-12T03:53:07Z", "ms": 1236829986910.0073 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-12T06:53:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-12T03:53:07Z", "ms": 1236829986910.0073 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 05:38 on Wed 11 Mar to 04:02 on Thu 12 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-11T02:37:44Z → 2009-03-12T01:01:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:56 on the 11th and 06:53 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4678 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 11 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vasantotsava 2009 falls on Wednesday 11 March. Pratipadā runs from 05:38 on Wed 11 Mar to 04:02 on Thu 12 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-03-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11138, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-03-14T02:29:37+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-13T23:29:37Z", "ms": 1236986976527.732 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-15T02:44:34+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-14T23:44:34Z", "ms": 1237074273550.366 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-14T02:29:37+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-13T23:29:37Z", "ms": 1236986976527.732 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-15T02:44:34+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-14T23:44:34Z", "ms": 1237074273550.366 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-13T22:14:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-13T19:14:09Z", "ms": 1236971649215.5137 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-13T22:14:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-13T19:14:09Z", "ms": 1236971649215.5137 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-14T23:38:56+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-14T20:38:56Z", "ms": 1237063136026.944 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-14T23:38:56+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-14T20:38:56Z", "ms": 1237063136026.944 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:30 on Sat 14 Mar to 02:45 on Sun 15 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-13T23:29:37Z → 2009-03-14T23:44:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:14 on the 13th and 23:39 on the 14th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11138 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 14 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2009 falls on Saturday 14 March. Caturthī runs from 02:30 on Sat 14 Mar to 02:45 on Sun 15 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-03-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7738, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2009-03-18T07:33:06+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-18T04:33:06Z", "ms": 1237350785716.9126 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-19T10:04:53+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-19T07:04:53Z", "ms": 1237446293466.646 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-18T07:33:06+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-18T04:33:06Z", "ms": 1237350785716.9126 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-19T10:04:53+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-19T07:04:53Z", "ms": 1237446293466.646 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-18T12:14:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-18T09:14:09Z", "ms": 1237367649033.6763 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-18T13:02:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-18T10:02:09Z", "ms": 1237370529033.6763 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-19T12:13:52+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-19T09:13:52Z", "ms": 1237454031697.9404 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-19T13:01:52+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-19T10:01:52Z", "ms": 1237456911697.9404 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 07:33 on Wed 18 Mar to 10:05 on Thu 19 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-18T04:33:06Z → 2009-03-19T07:04:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:14–13:02 on the 18th, 12:14–13:02 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 7738 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śītalāṣṭamī 2009 falls on Wednesday 18 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 07:33 on Wed 18 Mar to 10:05 on Thu 19 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-03-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31113, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-03-21T15:08:14+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-21T12:08:14Z", "ms": 1237637294275.1821 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-22T17:10:16+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-22T14:10:16Z", "ms": 1237731016264.1895 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-21T15:08:14+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-21T12:08:14Z", "ms": 1237637294275.1821 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-22T17:10:16+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-22T14:10:16Z", "ms": 1237731016264.1895 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-21T06:29:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-21T03:29:41Z", "ms": 1237606181063.0002 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-21T06:29:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-21T03:29:41Z", "ms": 1237606181063.0002 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-22T06:27:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-22T03:27:04Z", "ms": 1237692424117.668 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-22T06:27:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-22T03:27:04Z", "ms": 1237692424117.668 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:08 on Sat 21 Mar to 17:10 on Sun 22 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-21T12:08:14Z → 2009-03-22T14:10:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:30 on the 21st and 06:27 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31113 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Sunday 22 March. Ekādaśī runs from 15:08 on Sat 21 Mar to 17:10 on Sun 22 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-03-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-03-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-23", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 650, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-03-23T18:38:06+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-23T15:38:06Z", "ms": 1237822685804.9238 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-24T19:26:33+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-24T16:26:33Z", "ms": 1237911992565.3433 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-23T18:38:06+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-23T15:38:06Z", "ms": 1237822685804.9238 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-24T19:26:33+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-24T16:26:33Z", "ms": 1237911992565.3433 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-23T18:48:55+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-23T15:48:55Z", "ms": 1237823335329.0977 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-23T20:21:19+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-23T17:21:19Z", "ms": 1237828878636.0396 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-24T18:50:57+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-24T15:50:57Z", "ms": 1237909856723.3594 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-24T20:22:43+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-24T17:22:43Z", "ms": 1237915362913.0344 } }, "covered_min": 36, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:38 on Mon 23 Mar to 19:27 on Tue 24 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-23T15:38:06Z → 2009-03-24T16:26:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:49–20:21 on the 23rd, 18:51–20:23 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 23rd and 36 of 92 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 650 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Monday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-23", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-23", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Monday 23 March. Trayodaśī runs from 18:38 on Mon 23 Mar to 19:27 on Tue 24 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 36 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-03-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16554, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-03-24T19:26:33+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-24T16:26:33Z", "ms": 1237911992565.3433 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-25T19:34:53+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-25T16:34:53Z", "ms": 1237998892820.7725 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-24T19:26:33+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-24T16:26:33Z", "ms": 1237911992565.3433 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-25T19:34:53+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-25T16:34:53Z", "ms": 1237998892820.7725 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-25T00:11:05+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-24T21:11:05Z", "ms": 1237929064934.6404 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-25T00:59:05+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-24T21:59:05Z", "ms": 1237931944934.6404 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-26T00:10:47+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-25T21:10:47Z", "ms": 1238015447114.708 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-26T00:58:47+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-25T21:58:47Z", "ms": 1238018327114.708 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:27 on Tue 24 Mar to 19:35 on Wed 25 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-24T16:26:33Z → 2009-03-25T16:34:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:11–00:59 on the 24th, 00:11–00:59 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16554 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2009 falls on Tuesday 24 March. Caturdaśī runs from 19:27 on Tue 24 Mar to 19:35 on Wed 25 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-03-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18321, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2009-03-26T19:05:55+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-26T16:05:55Z", "ms": 1238083555129.9993 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-27T18:04:51+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-27T15:04:51Z", "ms": 1238166291249.925 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-26T19:05:55+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-26T16:05:55Z", "ms": 1238083555129.9993 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-27T18:04:51+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-27T15:04:51Z", "ms": 1238166291249.925 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-26T12:11:48+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-26T09:11:48Z", "ms": 1238058707724.5205 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-26T12:59:48+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-26T09:59:48Z", "ms": 1238061587724.5205 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-27T12:11:30+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-27T09:11:30Z", "ms": 1238145089858.1133 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-27T12:59:30+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-27T09:59:30Z", "ms": 1238147969858.1133 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 19:06 on Thu 26 Mar to 18:05 on Fri 27 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-26T16:05:55Z → 2009-03-27T15:04:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:12–13:00 on the 26th, 12:11–12:59 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18321 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Moscow, 2009: Friday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 2009 falls on Friday 27 March. Pratipadā runs from 19:06 on Thu 26 Mar to 18:05 on Fri 27 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6824, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2009-03-28T16:38:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-28T13:38:09Z", "ms": 1238247489414.6616 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-29T15:52:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-29T11:52:38Z", "ms": 1238327558168.059 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-28T16:38:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-28T13:38:09Z", "ms": 1238247489414.6616 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-29T15:52:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-29T11:52:38Z", "ms": 1238327558168.059 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-28T12:11:12+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-28T09:11:12Z", "ms": 1238231472003.1592 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-28T12:59:12+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-28T09:59:12Z", "ms": 1238234352003.1592 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-29T13:10:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-29T09:10:54Z", "ms": 1238317854175.3267 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-29T13:58:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-29T09:58:54Z", "ms": 1238320734175.3267 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 16:38 on Sat 28 Mar to 15:53 on Sun 29 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-28T13:38:09Z → 2009-03-29T11:52:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 28th, 13:11–13:59 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6824 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 2009 falls on Sunday 29 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 16:38 on Sat 28 Mar to 15:53 on Sun 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6824, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2009-03-28T16:38:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-28T13:38:09Z", "ms": 1238247489414.6616 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-29T15:52:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-29T11:52:38Z", "ms": 1238327558168.059 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-28T16:38:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-28T13:38:09Z", "ms": 1238247489414.6616 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-29T15:52:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-29T11:52:38Z", "ms": 1238327558168.059 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-28T12:11:12+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-28T09:11:12Z", "ms": 1238231472003.1592 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-28T12:59:12+03:00", "utc": "2009-03-28T09:59:12Z", "ms": 1238234352003.1592 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-29T13:10:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-29T09:10:54Z", "ms": 1238317854175.3267 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-29T13:58:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-29T09:58:54Z", "ms": 1238320734175.3267 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 16:38 on Sat 28 Mar to 15:53 on Sun 29 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-28T13:38:09Z → 2009-03-29T11:52:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:11–12:59 on the 28th, 13:11–13:59 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6824 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 29 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 2009 falls on Sunday 29 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 16:38 on Sat 28 Mar to 15:53 on Sun 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-30", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 233, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2009-03-30T13:54:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-30T09:54:43Z", "ms": 1238406883116.39 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-31T11:49:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-31T07:49:57Z", "ms": 1238485796707.9194 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-30T13:54:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-30T09:54:43Z", "ms": 1238406883116.39 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-31T11:49:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-31T07:49:57Z", "ms": 1238485796707.9194 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-30T13:10:36+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-30T09:10:36Z", "ms": 1238404236390.2192 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-30T13:58:36+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-30T09:58:36Z", "ms": 1238407116390.2192 } }, "covered_min": 4, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-31T13:10:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-31T09:10:19Z", "ms": 1238490618663.6714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-31T13:58:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-31T09:58:19Z", "ms": 1238493498663.6714 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 13:55 on Mon 30 Mar to 11:50 on Tue 31 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-30T09:54:43Z → 2009-03-31T07:49:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 30th, 13:10–13:58 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 4 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 233 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Moscow, 2009: Monday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-30", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 2009 falls on Monday 30 March. Pañcamī runs from 13:55 on Mon 30 Mar to 11:50 on Tue 31 Mar and covers 4 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 3 min 53 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-03-30", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-03-30", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 233, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-03-29T15:52:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-29T11:52:38Z", "ms": 1238327558168.059 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-30T13:54:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-30T09:54:43Z", "ms": 1238406883116.39 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-03-29T15:52:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-29T11:52:38Z", "ms": 1238327558168.059 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-30T13:54:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-30T09:54:43Z", "ms": 1238406883116.39 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-29T13:10:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-29T09:10:54Z", "ms": 1238317854175.3267 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-29T13:58:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-29T09:58:54Z", "ms": 1238320734175.3267 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-03-30T13:10:36+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-30T09:10:36Z", "ms": 1238404236390.2192 }, "end": { "local": "2009-03-30T13:58:36+04:00", "utc": "2009-03-30T09:58:36Z", "ms": 1238407116390.2192 } }, "covered_min": 44, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:53 on Sun 29 Mar to 13:55 on Mon 30 Mar.", "fact": "2009-03-29T11:52:38Z → 2009-03-30T09:54:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 29th, 13:11–13:59 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 44 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 233 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Monday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-30", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2009 falls on Monday 30 March. Caturthī runs from 15:53 on Sun 29 Mar to 13:55 on Mon 30 Mar and covers 44 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 3 min 53 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-03-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20019, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-02T07:36:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-02T03:36:05Z", "ms": 1238643364690.5403 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-03T05:32:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-03T01:32:12Z", "ms": 1238722332470.4805 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-02T07:36:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-02T03:36:05Z", "ms": 1238643364690.5403 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-03T05:32:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-03T01:32:12Z", "ms": 1238722332470.4805 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-02T13:09:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-02T09:09:43Z", "ms": 1238663383452.5574 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-02T13:57:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-02T09:57:43Z", "ms": 1238666263452.5574 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-03T13:09:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-03T09:09:26Z", "ms": 1238749766003.056 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-03T13:57:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-03T09:57:26Z", "ms": 1238752646003.056 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 07:36 on Thu 2 Apr to 05:32 on Fri 3 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-02T03:36:05Z → 2009-04-03T01:32:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:10–13:58 on the 2nd, 13:09–13:57 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20019 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Bhavānī Utpatti 2009 falls on Thursday 2 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 07:36 on Thu 2 Apr to 05:32 on Fri 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27434, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-03T05:32:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-03T01:32:12Z", "ms": 1238722332470.4805 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-04T03:32:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-03T23:32:29Z", "ms": 1238801548787.4558 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-03T05:32:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-03T01:32:12Z", "ms": 1238722332470.4805 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-04T03:32:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-03T23:32:29Z", "ms": 1238801548787.4558 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-03T13:09:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-03T09:09:26Z", "ms": 1238749766003.056 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-03T13:57:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-03T09:57:26Z", "ms": 1238752646003.056 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-04T13:09:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-04T09:09:09Z", "ms": 1238836148682.528 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-04T13:57:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-04T09:57:09Z", "ms": 1238839028682.528 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 05:32 on Fri 3 Apr to 03:32 on Sat 4 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-03T01:32:12Z → 2009-04-03T23:32:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:09–13:57 on the 3rd, 13:09–13:57 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27434 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Moscow, 2009: Friday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rāma Navamī 2009 falls on Friday 3 April. Navamī runs from 05:32 on Fri 3 Apr to 03:32 on Sat 4 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-04-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18747, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-05T01:38:08+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-04T21:38:08Z", "ms": 1238881088171.7932 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-05T23:50:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-05T19:50:48Z", "ms": 1238961047693.2954 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-05T01:38:08+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-04T21:38:08Z", "ms": 1238881088171.7932 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-05T23:50:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-05T19:50:48Z", "ms": 1238961047693.2954 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-05T06:50:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-05T02:50:35Z", "ms": 1238899834994.3264 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-05T06:50:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-05T02:50:35Z", "ms": 1238899834994.3264 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-06T06:48:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-06T02:48:00Z", "ms": 1238986080315.714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-06T06:48:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-06T02:48:00Z", "ms": 1238986080315.714 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:38 on Sun 5 Apr to 23:51 on Sun 5 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-04T21:38:08Z → 2009-04-05T19:50:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:51 on the 5th and 06:48 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18747 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Sunday 5 April. Ekādaśī runs from 01:38 on Sun 5 Apr to 23:51 on Sun 5 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-04-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24698, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-06T22:12:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-06T18:12:54Z", "ms": 1239041573529.63 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-07T20:47:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-07T16:47:56Z", "ms": 1239122875747.4946 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-06T22:12:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-06T18:12:54Z", "ms": 1239041573529.63 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-07T20:47:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-07T16:47:56Z", "ms": 1239122875747.4946 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-06T13:08:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-06T09:08:35Z", "ms": 1239008914508.795 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-06T13:56:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-06T09:56:35Z", "ms": 1239011794508.795 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-07T13:08:18+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-07T09:08:18Z", "ms": 1239095297696.7744 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-07T13:56:18+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-07T09:56:18Z", "ms": 1239098177696.7744 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:13 on Mon 6 Apr to 20:48 on Tue 7 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-06T18:12:54Z → 2009-04-07T16:47:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:09–13:57 on the 6th, 13:08–13:56 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24698 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 2009 falls on Tuesday 7 April. Trayodaśī runs from 22:13 on Mon 6 Apr to 20:48 on Tue 7 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-04-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1726, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-06T22:12:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-06T18:12:54Z", "ms": 1239041573529.63 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-07T20:47:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-07T16:47:56Z", "ms": 1239122875747.4946 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-06T22:12:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-06T18:12:54Z", "ms": 1239041573529.63 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-07T20:47:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-07T16:47:56Z", "ms": 1239122875747.4946 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-06T20:17:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-06T16:17:09Z", "ms": 1239034628701.8755 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-06T21:40:55+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-06T17:40:55Z", "ms": 1239039655010.6526 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-07T20:19:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-07T16:19:09Z", "ms": 1239121149375.8462 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-07T21:42:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-07T17:42:19Z", "ms": 1239126139076.6755 } }, "covered_min": 29, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:13 on Mon 6 Apr to 20:48 on Tue 7 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-06T18:12:54Z → 2009-04-07T16:47:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:17–21:41 on the 6th, 20:19–21:42 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 84 minutes on the 6th and 29 of 83 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1726 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Tuesday 7 April. Trayodaśī runs from 22:13 on Mon 6 Apr to 20:48 on Tue 7 Apr and covers 29 of 83 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-04-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20667, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-07T20:47:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-07T16:47:56Z", "ms": 1239122875747.4946 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-08T19:40:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-08T15:40:28Z", "ms": 1239205227683.2542 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-07T20:47:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-07T16:47:56Z", "ms": 1239122875747.4946 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-08T19:40:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-08T15:40:28Z", "ms": 1239205227683.2542 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-07T13:08:18+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-07T09:08:18Z", "ms": 1239095297696.7744 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-07T13:56:18+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-07T09:56:18Z", "ms": 1239098177696.7744 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-08T13:08:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-08T09:08:01Z", "ms": 1239181681096.811 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-08T13:56:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-08T09:56:01Z", "ms": 1239184561096.811 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:48 on Tue 7 Apr to 19:40 on Wed 8 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-07T16:47:56Z → 2009-04-08T15:40:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 7th, 13:08–13:56 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20667 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 2009 falls on Wednesday 8 April. Caturdaśī runs from 20:48 on Tue 7 Apr to 19:40 on Wed 8 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18004, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-04-08T19:40:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-08T15:40:28Z", "ms": 1239205227683.2542 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-09T18:55:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-09T14:55:48Z", "ms": 1239288948446.6182 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-08T19:40:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-08T15:40:28Z", "ms": 1239205227683.2542 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-09T18:55:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-09T14:55:48Z", "ms": 1239288948446.6182 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-08T13:08:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-08T09:08:01Z", "ms": 1239181681096.811 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-08T13:56:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-08T09:56:01Z", "ms": 1239184561096.811 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-09T13:07:45+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-09T09:07:45Z", "ms": 1239268064729.8474 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-09T13:55:45+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-09T09:55:45Z", "ms": 1239270944729.8474 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:40 on Wed 8 Apr to 18:56 on Thu 9 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-08T15:40:28Z → 2009-04-09T14:55:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 8th, 13:08–13:56 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18004 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 2009 falls on Thursday 9 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:40 on Wed 8 Apr to 18:56 on Thu 9 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-04-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17043, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-12T19:49:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-12T15:49:17Z", "ms": 1239551357379.5718 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-13T21:18:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-13T17:18:32Z", "ms": 1239643112281.389 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-12T19:49:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-12T15:49:17Z", "ms": 1239551357379.5718 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-13T21:18:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-13T17:18:32Z", "ms": 1239643112281.389 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-13T00:54:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-12T20:54:27Z", "ms": 1239569666544.3752 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-13T00:54:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-12T20:54:27Z", "ms": 1239569666544.3752 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-14T02:02:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-13T22:02:35Z", "ms": 1239660155194.8496 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-14T02:02:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-13T22:02:35Z", "ms": 1239660155194.8496 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:49 on Sun 12 Apr to 21:19 on Mon 13 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-12T15:49:17Z → 2009-04-13T17:18:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:54 on the 12th and 02:03 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17043 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2009 falls on Sunday 12 April. Caturthī runs from 19:49 on Sun 12 Apr to 21:19 on Mon 13 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-04-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25854, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "2009-04-13T23:16:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-13T19:16:46Z", "ms": 1239650205605.5906 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-14T20:10:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-14T16:10:13Z", "ms": 1242317413331.6213 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2009-04-13T23:16:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-13T19:16:46Z", "ms": 1239650205605.5906 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-13T23:16:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-13T19:16:46Z", "ms": 1239650205605.5906 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-13T06:30:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-13T02:30:10Z", "ms": 1239589810001.02 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-14T06:27:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-14T02:27:39Z", "ms": 1239676059269.6365 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1437, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-14T06:27:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-14T02:27:39Z", "ms": 1239676059269.6365 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-15T06:25:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-15T02:25:09Z", "ms": 1239762309185.6438 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1437, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 23:17 on Mon 13 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-13T19:16:46Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:30 on the 13th, and from 06:28 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 25854 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Moscow, 2009: Monday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2009-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "2009-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vaiśākhī 2009 falls on Monday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 23:17 on Mon 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. By the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-04-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15541, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-20T10:31:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-20T06:31:51Z", "ms": 1240209110919.5767 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-21T11:22:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-21T07:22:21Z", "ms": 1240298540703.9102 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-20T10:31:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-20T06:31:51Z", "ms": 1240209110919.5767 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-21T11:22:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-21T07:22:21Z", "ms": 1240298540703.9102 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-20T06:12:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-20T02:12:50Z", "ms": 1240193569788.595 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-20T06:12:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-20T02:12:50Z", "ms": 1240193569788.595 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-21T06:10:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-21T02:10:24Z", "ms": 1240279824384.6238 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-21T06:10:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-21T02:10:24Z", "ms": 1240279824384.6238 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:32 on Mon 20 Apr to 11:22 on Tue 21 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-20T06:31:51Z → 2009-04-21T07:22:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:13 on the 20th and 06:10 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15541 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Tuesday 21 April. Ekādaśī runs from 10:32 on Mon 20 Apr to 11:22 on Tue 21 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-04-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-04-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33817, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-22T11:25:47+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-22T07:25:47Z", "ms": 1240385146783.7727 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-23T10:43:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-23T06:43:17Z", "ms": 1240468997143.7222 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-22T11:25:47+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-22T07:25:47Z", "ms": 1240385146783.7727 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-23T10:43:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-23T06:43:17Z", "ms": 1240468997143.7222 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-22T20:49:23+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-22T16:49:23Z", "ms": 1240418963397.6326 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-22T22:03:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-22T18:03:33Z", "ms": 1240423413127.3132 } }, "covered_min": 74, "window_min": 74, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-23T20:51:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-23T16:51:24Z", "ms": 1240505484402.8904 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-23T22:04:59+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-23T18:04:59Z", "ms": 1240509898994.5579 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 74, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:26 on Wed 22 Apr to 10:43 on Thu 23 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-22T07:25:47Z → 2009-04-23T06:43:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:49–22:04 on the 22nd, 20:51–22:05 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 74 of 74 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 74 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33817 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Wednesday 22 April. Trayodaśī runs from 11:26 on Wed 22 Apr to 10:43 on Thu 23 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-04-23", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26906, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-23T10:43:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-23T06:43:17Z", "ms": 1240468997143.7222 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-24T09:19:45+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-24T05:19:45Z", "ms": 1240550384889.838 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-23T10:43:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-23T06:43:17Z", "ms": 1240468997143.7222 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-24T09:19:45+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-24T05:19:45Z", "ms": 1240550384889.838 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-23T01:03:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-22T21:03:30Z", "ms": 1240434209883.9353 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-23T01:51:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-22T21:51:30Z", "ms": 1240437089883.9353 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-24T01:03:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-23T21:03:19Z", "ms": 1240520599121.6436 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-24T01:51:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-23T21:51:19Z", "ms": 1240523479121.6436 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:43 on Thu 23 Apr to 09:20 on Fri 24 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-23T06:43:17Z → 2009-04-24T05:19:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:03–01:51 on the 22nd, 01:03–01:51 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26906 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2009 falls on Thursday 23 April. Caturdaśī runs from 10:43 on Thu 23 Apr to 09:20 on Fri 24 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-04-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12825, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2009-04-27T02:22:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-26T22:22:27Z", "ms": 1240784547357.2734 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-27T23:37:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-27T19:37:25Z", "ms": 1240861044951.131 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-27T02:22:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-26T22:22:27Z", "ms": 1240784547357.2734 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-27T23:37:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-27T19:37:25Z", "ms": 1240861044951.131 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-27T05:56:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-27T01:56:13Z", "ms": 1240797372645.5303 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-27T10:57:18+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-27T06:57:18Z", "ms": 1240815437554.3628 } }, "covered_min": 301, "window_min": 301, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-28T05:53:55+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-28T01:53:55Z", "ms": 1240883634516.6646 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-28T10:56:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-28T06:56:26Z", "ms": 1240901785576.6426 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 303, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 02:22 on Mon 27 Apr to 23:37 on Mon 27 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-26T22:22:27Z → 2009-04-27T19:37:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:56–10:57 on the 27th, 05:54–10:56 on the 28th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 301 of 301 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 303 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12825 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Moscow, 2009: Monday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 2009 falls on Monday 27 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 02:22 on Mon 27 Apr to 23:37 on Mon 27 Apr and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5202, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2009-04-27T02:22:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-26T22:22:27Z", "ms": 1240784547357.2734 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-27T23:37:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-27T19:37:25Z", "ms": 1240861044951.131 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-27T02:22:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-26T22:22:27Z", "ms": 1240784547357.2734 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-27T23:37:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-27T19:37:25Z", "ms": 1240861044951.131 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-26T20:57:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-26T16:57:27Z", "ms": 1240765046846.8833 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-26T22:09:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-26T18:09:17Z", "ms": 1240769356953.3696 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 72, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-27T20:59:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-27T16:59:27Z", "ms": 1240851567372.028 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-27T22:10:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-27T18:10:43Z", "ms": 1240855842991.313 } }, "covered_min": 71, "window_min": 71, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 02:22 on Mon 27 Apr to 23:37 on Mon 27 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-26T22:22:27Z → 2009-04-27T19:37:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:57–22:09 on the 26th, 20:59–22:11 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 72 minutes on the 26th and 71 of 71 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5202 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Moscow, 2009: Monday 27 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Paraśurāma Jayantī 2009 falls on Monday 27 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 02:22 on Mon 27 Apr to 23:37 on Mon 27 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-04-28", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25287, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-27T23:37:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-27T19:37:25Z", "ms": 1240861044951.131 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-28T20:53:08+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-28T16:53:08Z", "ms": 1240937588383.5596 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-27T23:37:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-27T19:37:25Z", "ms": 1240861044951.131 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-28T20:53:08+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-28T16:53:08Z", "ms": 1240937588383.5596 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-27T13:03:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-27T09:03:50Z", "ms": 1240823030008.7793 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-27T13:51:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-27T09:51:50Z", "ms": 1240825910008.7793 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-28T13:03:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-28T09:03:41Z", "ms": 1240909421106.6313 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-28T13:51:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-28T09:51:41Z", "ms": 1240912301106.6313 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:37 on Mon 27 Apr to 20:53 on Tue 28 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-27T19:37:25Z → 2009-04-28T16:53:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:04–13:52 on the 27th, 13:04–13:52 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25287 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2009 falls on Tuesday 28 April. Caturthī runs from 23:37 on Mon 27 Apr to 20:53 on Tue 28 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-04-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15877, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-28T20:53:08+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-28T16:53:08Z", "ms": 1240937588383.5596 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-29T18:16:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-29T14:16:09Z", "ms": 1241014569227.2283 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-28T20:53:08+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-28T16:53:08Z", "ms": 1240937588383.5596 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-29T18:16:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-29T14:16:09Z", "ms": 1241014569227.2283 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-28T13:03:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-28T09:03:41Z", "ms": 1240909421106.6313 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-28T13:51:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-28T09:51:41Z", "ms": 1240912301106.6313 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-29T13:03:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-29T09:03:33Z", "ms": 1240995812689.4355 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-29T13:51:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-29T09:51:33Z", "ms": 1240998692689.4355 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 20:53 on Tue 28 Apr to 18:16 on Wed 29 Apr.", "fact": "2009-04-28T16:53:08Z → 2009-04-29T14:16:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:04–13:52 on the 28th, 13:04–13:52 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15877 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śaṅkara Jayantī 2009 falls on Wednesday 29 April. Pañcamī runs from 20:53 on Tue 28 Apr to 18:16 on Wed 29 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 539, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2009-04-30T15:51:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-30T11:51:25Z", "ms": 1241092285427.9727 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-01T13:42:18+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-01T09:42:18Z", "ms": 1241170937853.0393 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-04-30T15:51:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-30T11:51:25Z", "ms": 1241092285427.9727 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-01T13:42:18+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-01T09:42:18Z", "ms": 1241170937853.0393 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-04-30T13:03:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-30T09:03:25Z", "ms": 1241082204761.4707 }, "end": { "local": "2009-04-30T13:51:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-04-30T09:51:25Z", "ms": 1241085084761.4707 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-01T13:03:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-01T09:03:17Z", "ms": 1241168597327.6558 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-01T13:51:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-01T09:51:17Z", "ms": 1241171477327.6558 } }, "covered_min": 39, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 15:51 on Thu 30 Apr to 13:42 on Fri 1 May.", "fact": "2009-04-30T11:51:25Z → 2009-05-01T09:42:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 30th, 13:03–13:51 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 39 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 539 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Moscow, 2009: Friday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 2009 falls on Friday 1 May. Saptamī runs from 15:51 on Thu 30 Apr to 13:42 on Fri 1 May and covers 39 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-05-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8909, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-05-04T09:02:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-04T05:02:39Z", "ms": 1241413358822.972 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-05T08:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T04:06:53Z", "ms": 1241496413373.6267 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-04T09:02:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-04T05:02:39Z", "ms": 1241413358822.972 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-05T08:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T04:06:53Z", "ms": 1241496413373.6267 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-04T05:40:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-04T01:40:33Z", "ms": 1241401232747.6304 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-04T05:40:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-04T01:40:33Z", "ms": 1241401232747.6304 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-05T05:38:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T01:38:24Z", "ms": 1241487504083.0752 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-05T05:38:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T01:38:24Z", "ms": 1241487504083.0752 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:03 on Mon 4 May to 08:07 on Tue 5 May.", "fact": "2009-05-04T05:02:39Z → 2009-05-05T04:06:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:41 on the 4th and 05:38 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8909 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mohinī Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Tuesday 5 May. Ekādaśī runs from 09:03 on Mon 4 May to 08:07 on Tue 5 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-05-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17759, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-05-05T08:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T04:06:53Z", "ms": 1241496413373.6267 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-06T07:30:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T03:30:57Z", "ms": 1241580657137.788 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-05T08:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T04:06:53Z", "ms": 1241496413373.6267 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-06T07:30:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T03:30:57Z", "ms": 1241580657137.788 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-05T13:02:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T09:02:53Z", "ms": 1241514172656.0994 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-05T13:50:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T09:50:53Z", "ms": 1241517052656.0994 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-06T13:02:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T09:02:48Z", "ms": 1241600567787.6353 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-06T13:50:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T09:50:48Z", "ms": 1241603447787.6353 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 08:07 on Tue 5 May to 07:31 on Wed 6 May.", "fact": "2009-05-05T04:06:53Z → 2009-05-06T03:30:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 5th, 13:03–13:51 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17759 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 2009 falls on Tuesday 5 May. Dvādaśī runs from 08:07 on Tue 5 May to 07:31 on Wed 6 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17759, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-05-05T08:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T04:06:53Z", "ms": 1241496413373.6267 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-06T07:30:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T03:30:57Z", "ms": 1241580657137.788 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-05T08:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T04:06:53Z", "ms": 1241496413373.6267 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-06T07:30:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T03:30:57Z", "ms": 1241580657137.788 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-05T13:02:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T09:02:53Z", "ms": 1241514172656.0994 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-05T13:50:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T09:50:53Z", "ms": 1241517052656.0994 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-06T13:02:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T09:02:48Z", "ms": 1241600567787.6353 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-06T13:50:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T09:50:48Z", "ms": 1241603447787.6353 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 08:07 on Tue 5 May to 07:31 on Wed 6 May.", "fact": "2009-05-05T04:06:53Z → 2009-05-06T03:30:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 5th, 13:03–13:51 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17759 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 2009 falls on Tuesday 5 May. Dvādaśī runs from 08:07 on Tue 5 May to 07:31 on Wed 6 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-05-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31975, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-05-06T07:30:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T03:30:57Z", "ms": 1241580657137.788 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-07T07:16:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-07T03:16:28Z", "ms": 1241666188260.5178 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-06T07:30:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T03:30:57Z", "ms": 1241580657137.788 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-07T07:16:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-07T03:16:28Z", "ms": 1241666188260.5178 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-05T21:15:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T17:15:21Z", "ms": 1241543721229.1235 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-05T22:22:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-05T18:22:09Z", "ms": 1241547728662.095 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 67, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-06T21:17:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T17:17:19Z", "ms": 1241630238598.861 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-06T22:23:34+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T18:23:34Z", "ms": 1241634213650.0488 } }, "covered_min": 66, "window_min": 66, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:31 on Wed 6 May to 07:16 on Thu 7 May.", "fact": "2009-05-06T03:30:57Z → 2009-05-07T03:16:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:15–22:22 on the 5th, 21:17–22:24 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 67 minutes on the 5th and 66 of 66 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31975 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Wednesday 6 May. Trayodaśī runs from 07:31 on Wed 6 May to 07:16 on Thu 7 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-05-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31975, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-05-07T07:16:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-07T03:16:28Z", "ms": 1241666188260.5178 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-08T07:25:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-08T03:25:46Z", "ms": 1241753145906.9424 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-07T07:16:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-07T03:16:28Z", "ms": 1241666188260.5178 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-08T07:25:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-08T03:25:46Z", "ms": 1241753145906.9424 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-06T21:17:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T17:17:19Z", "ms": 1241630238598.861 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-06T22:23:34+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-06T18:23:34Z", "ms": 1241634213650.0488 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 66, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-07T21:19:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-07T17:19:15Z", "ms": 1241716755421.4397 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-07T22:24:58+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-07T18:24:58Z", "ms": 1241720698386.4133 } }, "covered_min": 66, "window_min": 66, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 07:16 on Thu 7 May to 07:26 on Fri 8 May.", "fact": "2009-05-07T03:16:28Z → 2009-05-08T03:25:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:17–22:24 on the 6th, 21:19–22:25 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 66 minutes on the 6th and 66 of 66 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31975 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 2009 falls on Thursday 7 May. Caturdaśī runs from 07:16 on Thu 7 May to 07:26 on Fri 8 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18072, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-05-08T07:25:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-08T03:25:46Z", "ms": 1241753145906.9424 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-09T08:01:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-09T04:01:25Z", "ms": 1241841684766.089 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-08T07:25:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-08T03:25:46Z", "ms": 1241753145906.9424 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-09T08:01:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-09T04:01:25Z", "ms": 1241841684766.089 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-08T13:02:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-08T09:02:40Z", "ms": 1241773359655.33 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-08T13:50:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-08T09:50:40Z", "ms": 1241776239655.33 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-09T13:02:36+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-09T09:02:36Z", "ms": 1241859756402.4019 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-09T13:50:36+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-09T09:50:36Z", "ms": 1241862636402.4019 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:26 on Fri 8 May to 08:01 on Sat 9 May.", "fact": "2009-05-08T03:25:46Z → 2009-05-09T04:01:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 8th, 13:03–13:51 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18072 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Moscow, 2009: Friday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Buddha Pūrṇimā 2009 falls on Friday 8 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:26 on Fri 8 May to 08:01 on Sat 9 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18072, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-05-08T07:25:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-08T03:25:46Z", "ms": 1241753145906.9424 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-09T08:01:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-09T04:01:25Z", "ms": 1241841684766.089 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-08T07:25:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-08T03:25:46Z", "ms": 1241753145906.9424 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-09T08:01:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-09T04:01:25Z", "ms": 1241841684766.089 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-08T13:02:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-08T09:02:40Z", "ms": 1241773359655.33 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-08T13:50:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-08T09:50:40Z", "ms": 1241776239655.33 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-09T13:02:36+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-09T09:02:36Z", "ms": 1241859756402.4019 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-09T13:50:36+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-09T09:50:36Z", "ms": 1241862636402.4019 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:26 on Fri 8 May to 08:01 on Sat 9 May.", "fact": "2009-05-08T03:25:46Z → 2009-05-09T04:01:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 8th, 13:03–13:51 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18072 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Friday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 2009 falls on Friday 8 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:26 on Fri 8 May to 08:01 on Sat 9 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-05-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39532, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-05-12T12:38:55+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-12T08:38:55Z", "ms": 1242117534508.8293 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-13T15:00:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-13T11:00:48Z", "ms": 1242212448093.743 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-12T12:38:55+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-12T08:38:55Z", "ms": 1242117534508.8293 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-13T15:00:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-13T11:00:48Z", "ms": 1242212448093.743 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-13T01:30:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-12T21:30:00Z", "ms": 1242163800266.7676 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-13T01:30:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-12T21:30:00Z", "ms": 1242163800266.7676 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-14T01:59:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-13T21:59:40Z", "ms": 1242251979626.8232 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-14T01:59:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-13T21:59:40Z", "ms": 1242251979626.8232 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:39 on Tue 12 May to 15:01 on Wed 13 May.", "fact": "2009-05-12T08:38:55Z → 2009-05-13T11:00:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 01:30 on the 12th and 02:00 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 39532 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 12 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2009 falls on Tuesday 12 May. Caturthī runs from 12:39 on Tue 12 May to 15:01 on Wed 13 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-05-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-05-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12404, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-05-20T01:43:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-19T21:43:11Z", "ms": 1242769391091.8086 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-21T01:11:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-20T21:11:54Z", "ms": 1242853914050.5854 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-20T01:43:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-19T21:43:11Z", "ms": 1242769391091.8086 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-21T01:11:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-20T21:11:54Z", "ms": 1242853914050.5854 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-20T05:09:55+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-20T01:09:55Z", "ms": 1242781794697.9282 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-20T05:09:55+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-20T01:09:55Z", "ms": 1242781794697.9282 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-21T05:08:18+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-21T01:08:18Z", "ms": 1242868098389.4077 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-21T05:08:18+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-21T01:08:18Z", "ms": 1242868098389.4077 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:43 on Wed 20 May to 01:12 on Thu 21 May.", "fact": "2009-05-19T21:43:11Z → 2009-05-20T21:11:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:10 on the 20th and 05:08 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12404 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Aparā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Wednesday 20 May. Ekādaśī runs from 01:43 on Wed 20 May to 01:12 on Thu 21 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-05-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-05-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-22", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 181, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-05-21T23:52:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-21T19:52:09Z", "ms": 1242935529351.071 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-22T21:49:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-22T17:49:44Z", "ms": 1243014584368.6877 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-21T23:52:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-21T19:52:09Z", "ms": 1242935529351.071 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-22T21:49:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-22T17:49:44Z", "ms": 1243014584368.6877 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-21T21:45:02+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-21T17:45:02Z", "ms": 1242927902172.338 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-21T22:43:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-21T18:43:56Z", "ms": 1242931435839.4363 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 59, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-22T21:46:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-22T17:46:44Z", "ms": 1243014403506.4338 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-22T22:45:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-22T18:45:12Z", "ms": 1243017911522.1152 } }, "covered_min": 3, "window_min": 58, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:52 on Thu 21 May to 21:50 on Fri 22 May.", "fact": "2009-05-21T19:52:09Z → 2009-05-22T17:49:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:45–22:44 on the 21st, 21:47–22:45 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 59 minutes on the 21st and 3 of 58 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 181 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Friday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-22", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Friday 22 May. Trayodaśī runs from 23:52 on Thu 21 May to 21:50 on Fri 22 May and covers 3 of 58 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It is 3 min 01 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-05-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-05-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11534, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-05-22T21:49:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-22T17:49:44Z", "ms": 1243014584368.6877 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-23T19:12:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-23T15:12:50Z", "ms": 1243091570491.4558 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-22T21:49:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-22T17:49:44Z", "ms": 1243014584368.6877 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-23T19:12:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-23T15:12:50Z", "ms": 1243091570491.4558 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-23T01:01:59+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-22T21:01:59Z", "ms": 1243026118565.2393 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-23T01:49:59+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-22T21:49:59Z", "ms": 1243028998565.2393 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-24T01:02:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-23T21:02:04Z", "ms": 1243112524238.5952 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-24T01:50:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-23T21:50:04Z", "ms": 1243115404238.5952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:50 on Fri 22 May to 19:13 on Sat 23 May.", "fact": "2009-05-22T17:49:44Z → 2009-05-23T15:12:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:02–01:50 on the 22nd, 01:02–01:50 on the 23rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11534 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2009: Friday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2009 falls on Friday 22 May. Caturdaśī runs from 21:50 on Fri 22 May to 19:13 on Sat 23 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-05-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12640, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2009-05-26T09:32:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-26T05:32:24Z", "ms": 1243315944140.6577 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-27T06:14:45+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-27T02:14:45Z", "ms": 1243390485072.8613 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-26T09:32:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-26T05:32:24Z", "ms": 1243315944140.6577 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-27T06:14:45+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-27T02:14:45Z", "ms": 1243390485072.8613 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-26T13:03:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-26T09:03:04Z", "ms": 1243328584166.851 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-26T13:51:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-26T09:51:04Z", "ms": 1243331464166.851 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-27T13:03:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-27T09:03:10Z", "ms": 1243414990310.8547 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-27T13:51:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-27T09:51:10Z", "ms": 1243417870310.8547 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 09:32 on Tue 26 May to 06:15 on Wed 27 May.", "fact": "2009-05-26T05:32:24Z → 2009-05-27T02:14:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 26th, 13:03–13:51 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12640 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 26 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 2009 falls on Tuesday 26 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 09:32 on Tue 26 May to 06:15 on Wed 27 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-05-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24505, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-05-27T06:14:45+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-27T02:14:45Z", "ms": 1243390485072.8613 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-28T03:09:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-27T23:09:27Z", "ms": 1243465767298.6848 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-27T06:14:45+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-27T02:14:45Z", "ms": 1243390485072.8613 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-28T03:09:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-27T23:09:27Z", "ms": 1243465767298.6848 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-27T13:03:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-27T09:03:10Z", "ms": 1243414990310.8547 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-27T13:51:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-27T09:51:10Z", "ms": 1243417870310.8547 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-28T13:03:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-28T09:03:17Z", "ms": 1243501396869.167 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-28T13:51:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-28T09:51:17Z", "ms": 1243504276869.167 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:15 on Wed 27 May to 03:09 on Thu 28 May.", "fact": "2009-05-27T02:14:45Z → 2009-05-27T23:09:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 27th, 13:03–13:51 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24505 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 27 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2009 falls on Wednesday 27 May. Caturthī runs from 06:15 on Wed 27 May to 03:09 on Thu 28 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-05-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2009-05-29T00:23:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-28T20:23:21Z", "ms": 1243542200532.394 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-29T22:01:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-29T18:01:39Z", "ms": 1243620099205.5596 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-29T00:23:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-28T20:23:21Z", "ms": 1243542200532.394 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-29T22:01:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-29T18:01:39Z", "ms": 1243620099205.5596 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-28T13:03:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-28T09:03:17Z", "ms": 1243501396869.167 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-28T13:51:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-28T09:51:17Z", "ms": 1243504276869.167 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-29T13:03:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-29T09:03:24Z", "ms": 1243587803824.7676 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-29T13:51:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-29T09:51:24Z", "ms": 1243590683824.7676 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 00:23 on Fri 29 May to 22:02 on Fri 29 May.", "fact": "2009-05-28T20:23:21Z → 2009-05-29T18:01:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 28th, 13:03–13:51 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Friday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 2009 falls on Friday 29 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 00:23 on Fri 29 May to 22:02 on Fri 29 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2009-05-29T00:23:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-28T20:23:21Z", "ms": 1243542200532.394 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-29T22:01:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-29T18:01:39Z", "ms": 1243620099205.5596 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-05-29T00:23:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-28T20:23:21Z", "ms": 1243542200532.394 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-29T22:01:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-29T18:01:39Z", "ms": 1243620099205.5596 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-28T13:03:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-28T09:03:17Z", "ms": 1243501396869.167 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-28T13:51:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-28T09:51:17Z", "ms": 1243504276869.167 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-05-29T13:03:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-29T09:03:24Z", "ms": 1243587803824.7676 }, "end": { "local": "2009-05-29T13:51:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-05-29T09:51:24Z", "ms": 1243590683824.7676 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 00:23 on Fri 29 May to 22:02 on Fri 29 May.", "fact": "2009-05-28T20:23:21Z → 2009-05-29T18:01:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 28th, 13:03–13:51 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Moscow, 2009: Friday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 2009 falls on Friday 29 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 00:23 on Fri 29 May to 22:02 on Fri 29 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-06-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40765, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-06-02T17:26:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-02T13:26:39Z", "ms": 1243949199088.2637 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-03T17:31:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-03T13:31:27Z", "ms": 1244035887462.686 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-06-02T17:26:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-02T13:26:39Z", "ms": 1243949199088.2637 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-03T17:31:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-03T13:31:27Z", "ms": 1244035887462.686 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-03T04:51:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-03T00:51:46Z", "ms": 1243990306478.2065 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-03T04:51:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-03T00:51:46Z", "ms": 1243990306478.2065 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-04T04:50:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-04T00:50:52Z", "ms": 1244076652450.6494 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-04T04:50:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-04T00:50:52Z", "ms": 1244076652450.6494 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:27 on Tue 2 Jun to 17:31 on Wed 3 Jun.", "fact": "2009-06-02T13:26:39Z → 2009-06-03T13:31:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:52 on the 3rd and 04:51 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 40765 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Wednesday 3 June. Ekādaśī runs from 17:27 on Tue 2 Jun to 17:31 on Wed 3 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-06-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13163, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-06-03T17:31:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-03T13:31:27Z", "ms": 1244035887462.686 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-04T18:03:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-04T14:03:37Z", "ms": 1244124217145.646 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-06-03T17:31:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-03T13:31:27Z", "ms": 1244035887462.686 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-04T18:03:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-04T14:03:37Z", "ms": 1244124217145.646 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-03T13:04:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-03T09:04:04Z", "ms": 1244019844026.3542 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-03T13:52:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-03T09:52:04Z", "ms": 1244022724026.3542 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-04T13:04:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-04T09:04:13Z", "ms": 1244106253050.9849 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-04T13:52:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-04T09:52:13Z", "ms": 1244109133050.9849 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:31 on Wed 3 Jun to 18:04 on Thu 4 Jun.", "fact": "2009-06-03T13:31:27Z → 2009-06-04T14:03:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:04–13:52 on the 3rd, 13:04–13:52 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13163 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 2009 falls on Thursday 4 June. Dvādaśī runs from 17:31 on Wed 3 Jun to 18:04 on Thu 4 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-06-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11087, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-06-04T18:03:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-04T14:03:37Z", "ms": 1244124217145.646 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-05T19:01:55+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-05T15:01:55Z", "ms": 1244214115439.623 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-06-04T18:03:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-04T14:03:37Z", "ms": 1244124217145.646 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-05T19:01:55+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-05T15:01:55Z", "ms": 1244214115439.623 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-04T22:05:34+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-04T18:05:34Z", "ms": 1244138733651.32 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-04T22:59:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-04T18:59:29Z", "ms": 1244141969419.522 } }, "covered_min": 54, "window_min": 54, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-05T22:06:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-05T18:06:43Z", "ms": 1244225202828.5837 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-05T23:00:23+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-05T19:00:23Z", "ms": 1244228423107.4377 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 54, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:04 on Thu 4 Jun to 19:02 on Fri 5 Jun.", "fact": "2009-06-04T14:03:37Z → 2009-06-05T15:01:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 22:06–22:59 on the 4th, 22:07–23:00 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 54 of 54 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 54 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11087 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Thursday 4 June. Trayodaśī runs from 18:04 on Thu 4 Jun to 19:02 on Fri 5 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-06-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-06-06", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 172, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-06-06T20:25:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-06T16:25:09Z", "ms": 1244305509415.9858 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-07T22:11:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-07T18:11:44Z", "ms": 1244398303881.74 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-06-06T20:25:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-06T16:25:09Z", "ms": 1244305509415.9858 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-07T22:11:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-07T18:11:44Z", "ms": 1244398303881.74 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-06T22:07:49+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-06T18:07:49Z", "ms": 1244311669021.9324 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-06T23:01:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-06T19:01:15Z", "ms": 1244314874689.024 } }, "covered_min": 53, "window_min": 53, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-07T22:08:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-07T18:08:52Z", "ms": 1244398132148.5256 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-07T23:02:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-07T19:02:04Z", "ms": 1244401324099.222 } }, "covered_min": 3, "window_min": 53, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:25 on Sat 6 Jun to 22:12 on Sun 7 Jun.", "fact": "2009-06-06T16:25:09Z → 2009-06-07T18:11:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 22:08–23:01 on the 6th, 22:09–23:02 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 53 of 53 minutes on the 6th and 3 of 53 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 172 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 6 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-06", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 2009 falls on Saturday 6 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 20:25 on Sat 6 Jun to 22:12 on Sun 7 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 3 minutes; by the rule the first evening is taken. It is 2 min 52 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-06-11", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-06-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17539, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-06-11T05:16:45+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-11T01:16:45Z", "ms": 1244683004940.7332 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-12T07:51:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-12T03:51:27Z", "ms": 1244778687061.8713 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-06-11T05:16:45+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-11T01:16:45Z", "ms": 1244683004940.7332 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-12T07:51:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-12T03:51:27Z", "ms": 1244778687061.8713 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-11T00:24:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-10T20:24:26Z", "ms": 1244665466431.002 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-11T00:24:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-10T20:24:26Z", "ms": 1244665466431.002 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-12T00:40:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-11T20:40:32Z", "ms": 1244752831861.8748 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-12T00:40:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-11T20:40:32Z", "ms": 1244752831861.8748 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:17 on Thu 11 Jun to 07:51 on Fri 12 Jun.", "fact": "2009-06-11T01:16:45Z → 2009-06-12T03:51:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:24 on the 10th and 00:41 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 10th and is on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17539 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2009 falls on Thursday 11 June. Caturthī runs from 05:17 on Thu 11 Jun to 07:51 on Fri 12 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-06-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-06-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-06-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25771, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-06-18T13:35:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-18T09:35:00Z", "ms": 1245317700364.9194 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-19T11:54:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-19T07:54:17Z", "ms": 1245398057391.3137 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-06-18T13:35:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-18T09:35:00Z", "ms": 1245317700364.9194 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-19T11:54:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-19T07:54:17Z", "ms": 1245398057391.3137 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-18T04:44:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-18T00:44:44Z", "ms": 1245285883562.3193 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-18T04:44:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-18T00:44:44Z", "ms": 1245285883562.3193 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-19T04:44:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-19T00:44:46Z", "ms": 1245372286187.0293 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-19T04:44:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-19T00:44:46Z", "ms": 1245372286187.0293 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:35 on Thu 18 Jun to 11:54 on Fri 19 Jun.", "fact": "2009-06-18T09:35:00Z → 2009-06-19T07:54:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:45 on the 18th and 04:45 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25771 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Friday 19 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Yoginī Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Friday 19 June. Ekādaśī runs from 13:35 on Thu 18 Jun to 11:54 on Fri 19 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-06-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-06-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26730, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-06-20T09:31:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-20T05:31:33Z", "ms": 1245475892810.192 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-21T06:34:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-21T02:34:32Z", "ms": 1245551671956.1885 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-06-20T09:31:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-20T05:31:33Z", "ms": 1245475892810.192 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-21T06:34:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-21T02:34:32Z", "ms": 1245551671956.1885 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-19T22:17:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-19T18:17:04Z", "ms": 1245435423621.6743 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-19T23:08:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-19T19:08:46Z", "ms": 1245438526169.255 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 52, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-20T22:17:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-20T18:17:21Z", "ms": 1245521840574.6013 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-20T23:09:02+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-20T19:09:02Z", "ms": 1245524942253.6467 } }, "covered_min": 52, "window_min": 52, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:32 on Sat 20 Jun to 06:35 on Sun 21 Jun.", "fact": "2009-06-20T05:31:33Z → 2009-06-21T02:34:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 22:17–23:09 on the 19th, 22:17–23:09 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 52 minutes on the 19th and 52 of 52 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26730 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Saturday 20 June. Trayodaśī runs from 09:32 on Sat 20 Jun to 06:35 on Sun 21 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-06-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-06-21", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-06-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4618, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-06-21T06:34:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-21T02:34:32Z", "ms": 1245551671956.1885 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-22T03:12:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-21T23:12:24Z", "ms": 1245625943517.2874 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-06-21T06:34:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-21T02:34:32Z", "ms": 1245551671956.1885 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-22T03:12:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-21T23:12:24Z", "ms": 1245625943517.2874 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-21T01:07:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-20T21:07:12Z", "ms": 1245532031871.0215 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-21T01:55:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-20T21:55:12Z", "ms": 1245534911871.0215 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-22T01:07:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-21T21:07:26Z", "ms": 1245618445554.2927 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-22T01:55:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-21T21:55:26Z", "ms": 1245621325554.2927 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:35 on Sun 21 Jun to 03:12 on Mon 22 Jun.", "fact": "2009-06-21T02:34:32Z → 2009-06-21T23:12:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:07–01:55 on the 20th, 01:07–01:55 on the 21st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4618 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 21 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2009 falls on Sunday 21 June. Caturdaśī runs from 06:35 on Sun 21 Jun to 03:12 on Mon 22 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-06-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-06-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8288, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2009-06-23T19:52:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-23T15:52:15Z", "ms": 1245772335110.7375 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-24T16:14:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-24T12:14:01Z", "ms": 1245845641135.1465 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-06-23T19:52:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-23T15:52:15Z", "ms": 1245772335110.7375 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-24T16:14:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-24T12:14:01Z", "ms": 1245845641135.1465 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-23T13:07:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-23T09:07:42Z", "ms": 1245748061793.0176 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-23T13:55:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-23T09:55:42Z", "ms": 1245750941793.0176 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-24T13:07:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-24T09:07:53Z", "ms": 1245834473382.8599 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-24T13:55:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-24T09:55:53Z", "ms": 1245837353382.8599 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 19:52 on Tue 23 Jun to 16:14 on Wed 24 Jun.", "fact": "2009-06-23T15:52:15Z → 2009-06-24T12:14:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 23rd, 13:08–13:56 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8288 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 24 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rathayātrā 2009 falls on Wednesday 24 June. Dvitīyā runs from 19:52 on Tue 23 Jun to 16:14 on Wed 24 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-06-25", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-06-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1118, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-06-25T12:49:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-25T08:49:27Z", "ms": 1245919767270.2378 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-26T09:46:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-26T05:46:52Z", "ms": 1245995211597.412 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-06-25T12:49:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-25T08:49:27Z", "ms": 1245919767270.2378 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-26T09:46:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-26T05:46:52Z", "ms": 1245995211597.412 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-25T13:08:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-25T09:08:05Z", "ms": 1245920884864.8591 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-25T13:56:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-25T09:56:05Z", "ms": 1245923764864.8591 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-26T13:08:16+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-26T09:08:16Z", "ms": 1246007296213.0483 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-26T13:56:16+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-26T09:56:16Z", "ms": 1246010176213.0483 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:49 on Thu 25 Jun to 09:47 on Fri 26 Jun.", "fact": "2009-06-25T08:49:27Z → 2009-06-26T05:46:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 25th, 13:08–13:56 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1118 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 25 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2009 falls on Thursday 25 June. Caturthī runs from 12:49 on Thu 25 Jun to 09:47 on Fri 26 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-06-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-06-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12085, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2009-06-26T09:46:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-26T05:46:52Z", "ms": 1245995211597.412 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-27T07:13:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-27T03:13:19Z", "ms": 1246072399499.6235 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-06-26T09:46:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-26T05:46:52Z", "ms": 1245995211597.412 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-27T07:13:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-27T03:13:19Z", "ms": 1246072399499.6235 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-26T13:08:16+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-26T09:08:16Z", "ms": 1246007296213.0483 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-26T13:56:16+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-26T09:56:16Z", "ms": 1246010176213.0483 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-27T13:08:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-27T09:08:27Z", "ms": 1246093707403.2686 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-27T13:56:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-27T09:56:27Z", "ms": 1246096587403.2686 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 09:47 on Fri 26 Jun to 07:13 on Sat 27 Jun.", "fact": "2009-06-26T05:46:52Z → 2009-06-27T03:13:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 26th, 13:08–13:56 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12085 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Moscow, 2009: Friday 26 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Skanda Pañcamī 2009 falls on Friday 26 June. Pañcamī runs from 09:47 on Fri 26 Jun to 07:13 on Sat 27 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28455, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2009-06-28T05:14:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-28T01:14:24Z", "ms": 1246151663716.878 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-29T03:53:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-28T23:53:46Z", "ms": 1246233226091.2266 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-06-28T05:14:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-28T01:14:24Z", "ms": 1246151663716.878 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-29T03:53:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-28T23:53:46Z", "ms": 1246233226091.2266 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-28T13:08:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-28T09:08:38Z", "ms": 1246180118413.1587 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-28T13:56:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-28T09:56:38Z", "ms": 1246182998413.1587 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-06-29T13:08:49+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-29T09:08:49Z", "ms": 1246266529221.8687 }, "end": { "local": "2009-06-29T13:56:49+04:00", "utc": "2009-06-29T09:56:49Z", "ms": 1246269409221.8687 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 05:14 on Sun 28 Jun to 03:54 on Mon 29 Jun.", "fact": "2009-06-28T01:14:24Z → 2009-06-28T23:53:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:09–13:57 on the 28th, 13:09–13:57 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28455 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vivasvat Saptamī 2009 falls on Sunday 28 June. Saptamī runs from 05:14 on Sun 28 Jun to 03:54 on Mon 29 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-07-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 305, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-07-02T03:47:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-01T23:47:50Z", "ms": 1246492070156.2996 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-03T04:57:02+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-03T00:57:02Z", "ms": 1246582622233.9702 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-02T03:47:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-01T23:47:50Z", "ms": 1246492070156.2996 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-03T04:57:02+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-03T00:57:02Z", "ms": 1246582622233.9702 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-02T04:51:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-02T00:51:04Z", "ms": 1246495863587.5757 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-02T04:51:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-02T00:51:04Z", "ms": 1246495863587.5757 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-03T04:51:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-03T00:51:57Z", "ms": 1246582317219.4514 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-03T04:51:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-03T00:51:57Z", "ms": 1246582317219.4514 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:48 on Thu 2 Jul to 04:57 on Fri 3 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-01T23:47:50Z → 2009-07-03T00:57:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:51 on the 2nd and 04:52 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 305 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Friday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-02", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Friday 3 July. Ekādaśī runs from 03:48 on Thu 2 Jul to 04:57 on Fri 3 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-07-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-07-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26790, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-07-04T06:34:36+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-04T02:34:36Z", "ms": 1246674875833.1587 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-05T08:35:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-05T04:35:03Z", "ms": 1246768502955.9475 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-04T06:34:36+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-04T02:34:36Z", "ms": 1246674875833.1587 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-05T08:35:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-05T04:35:03Z", "ms": 1246768502955.9475 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-03T22:15:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-03T18:15:03Z", "ms": 1246644902909.7068 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-03T23:08:06+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-03T19:08:06Z", "ms": 1246648085725.7986 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 53, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-04T22:14:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-04T18:14:25Z", "ms": 1246731265149.197 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-04T23:07:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-04T19:07:41Z", "ms": 1246734460988.1582 } }, "covered_min": 53, "window_min": 53, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:35 on Sat 4 Jul to 08:35 on Sun 5 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-04T02:34:36Z → 2009-07-05T04:35:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 22:15–23:08 on the 3rd, 22:14–23:08 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 53 minutes on the 3rd and 53 of 53 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26790 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 4 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Saturday 4 July. Trayodaśī runs from 06:35 on Sat 4 Jul to 08:35 on Sun 5 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-07-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19411, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-07-06T10:52:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T06:52:39Z", "ms": 1246863158786.714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-07T13:21:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T09:21:25Z", "ms": 1246958484979.7087 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-06T10:52:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T06:52:39Z", "ms": 1246863158786.714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-07T13:21:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T09:21:25Z", "ms": 1246958484979.7087 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-06T18:45:22+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T14:45:22Z", "ms": 1246891522204.266 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-06T22:12:59+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T18:12:59Z", "ms": 1246903978537.4507 } }, "covered_min": 208, "window_min": 208, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-07T18:44:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T14:44:56Z", "ms": 1246977896379.1926 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-07T22:12:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T18:12:10Z", "ms": 1246990329789.4631 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 207, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:53 on Mon 6 Jul to 13:21 on Tue 7 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-06T06:52:39Z → 2009-07-07T09:21:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 18:45–22:13 on the 6th, 18:45–22:12 on the 7th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 208 of 208 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 207 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19411 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Monday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kokilā Vrata 2009 falls on Monday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:53 on Mon 6 Jul to 13:21 on Tue 7 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31845, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-07-06T10:52:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T06:52:39Z", "ms": 1246863158786.714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-07T13:21:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T09:21:25Z", "ms": 1246958484979.7087 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-06T10:52:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T06:52:39Z", "ms": 1246863158786.714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-07T13:21:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T09:21:25Z", "ms": 1246958484979.7087 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-06T22:12:59+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T18:12:59Z", "ms": 1246903978537.4507 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-06T23:06:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T19:06:43Z", "ms": 1246907203097.5388 } }, "covered_min": 54, "window_min": 54, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-07T22:12:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T18:12:10Z", "ms": 1246990329789.4631 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-07T23:06:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T19:06:10Z", "ms": 1246993570011.803 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 54, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:53 on Mon 6 Jul to 13:21 on Tue 7 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-06T06:52:39Z → 2009-07-07T09:21:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 22:13–23:07 on the 6th, 22:12–23:06 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 54 of 54 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 54 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31845 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Moscow, 2009: Monday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śiva Śayanotsava 2009 falls on Monday 6 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:53 on Mon 6 Jul to 13:21 on Tue 7 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9006, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-07-06T10:52:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T06:52:39Z", "ms": 1246863158786.714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-07T13:21:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T09:21:25Z", "ms": 1246958484979.7087 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-06T10:52:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T06:52:39Z", "ms": 1246863158786.714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-07T13:21:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T09:21:25Z", "ms": 1246958484979.7087 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-06T04:54:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T00:54:57Z", "ms": 1246841696871.5278 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-06T08:22:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T04:22:33Z", "ms": 1246854153204.7124 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 208, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-07T04:56:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T00:56:03Z", "ms": 1246928162738.111 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-07T08:23:16+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T04:23:16Z", "ms": 1246940596148.3816 } }, "covered_min": 207, "window_min": 207, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:53 on Mon 6 Jul to 13:21 on Tue 7 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-06T06:52:39Z → 2009-07-07T09:21:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 04:55–08:23 on the 6th, 04:56–08:23 on the 7th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 208 minutes on the 6th and 207 of 207 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9006 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vyāsa Pūjā 2009 falls on Tuesday 7 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:53 on Mon 6 Jul to 13:21 on Tue 7 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 679, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-07-06T10:52:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T06:52:39Z", "ms": 1246863158786.714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-07T13:21:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T09:21:25Z", "ms": 1246958484979.7087 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-06T10:52:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T06:52:39Z", "ms": 1246863158786.714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-07T13:21:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T09:21:25Z", "ms": 1246958484979.7087 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-06T13:09:58+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T09:09:58Z", "ms": 1246871397704.4893 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-06T13:57:58+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-06T09:57:58Z", "ms": 1246874277704.4893 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-07T13:10:06+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T09:10:06Z", "ms": 1246957806263.787 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-07T13:58:06+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-07T09:58:06Z", "ms": 1246960686263.787 } }, "covered_min": 11, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:53 on Mon 6 Jul to 13:21 on Tue 7 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-06T06:52:39Z → 2009-07-07T09:21:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:10–13:58 on the 6th, 13:10–13:58 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 11 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 679 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Guru Pūrṇimā 2009 falls on Tuesday 7 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:53 on Mon 6 Jul to 13:21 on Tue 7 Jul and covers 11 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16459, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2009-07-08T15:55:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-08T11:55:01Z", "ms": 1247054101146.5513 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-09T18:26:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-09T14:26:32Z", "ms": 1247149591853.1523 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-08T15:55:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-08T11:55:01Z", "ms": 1247054101146.5513 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-09T18:26:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-09T14:26:32Z", "ms": 1247149591853.1523 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-08T22:47:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-08T18:47:52Z", "ms": 1247078871629.996 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-08T22:47:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-08T18:47:52Z", "ms": 1247078871629.996 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-09T23:00:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-09T19:00:51Z", "ms": 1247166050637.5007 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-09T23:00:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-09T19:00:51Z", "ms": 1247166050637.5007 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 15:55 on Wed 8 Jul to 18:27 on Thu 9 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-08T11:55:01Z → 2009-07-09T14:26:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:48 on the 8th and 23:01 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16459 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 2009 falls on Wednesday 8 July. Dvitīyā runs from 15:55 on Wed 8 Jul to 18:27 on Thu 9 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-07-10", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1638, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-07-10T20:48:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-10T16:48:19Z", "ms": 1247244499311.5476 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-11T22:52:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-11T18:52:11Z", "ms": 1247338331388.3357 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-10T20:48:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-10T16:48:19Z", "ms": 1247244499311.5476 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-11T22:52:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-11T18:52:11Z", "ms": 1247338331388.3357 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-10T23:10:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-10T19:10:56Z", "ms": 1247253056412.1384 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-10T23:10:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-10T19:10:56Z", "ms": 1247253056412.1384 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-11T23:19:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-11T19:19:29Z", "ms": 1247339969092.2778 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-11T23:19:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-11T19:19:29Z", "ms": 1247339969092.2778 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:48 on Fri 10 Jul to 22:52 on Sat 11 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-10T16:48:19Z → 2009-07-11T18:52:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:11 on the 10th and 23:19 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1638 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Friday 10 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2009 falls on Friday 10 July. Caturthī runs from 20:48 on Fri 10 Jul to 22:52 on Sat 11 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-07-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-07-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23116, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-07-17T22:45:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-17T18:45:40Z", "ms": 1247856340372.526 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-18T20:19:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-18T16:19:37Z", "ms": 1247933976902.2563 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-17T22:45:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-17T18:45:40Z", "ms": 1247856340372.526 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-18T20:19:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-18T16:19:37Z", "ms": 1247933976902.2563 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-18T05:10:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-18T01:10:56Z", "ms": 1247879456202.661 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-18T05:10:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-18T01:10:56Z", "ms": 1247879456202.661 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-19T05:12:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-19T01:12:30Z", "ms": 1247965950430.546 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-19T05:12:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-19T01:12:30Z", "ms": 1247965950430.546 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:46 on Fri 17 Jul to 20:20 on Sat 18 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-17T18:45:40Z → 2009-07-18T16:19:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:11 on the 18th and 05:13 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23116 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Saturday 18 July. Ekādaśī runs from 22:46 on Fri 17 Jul to 20:20 on Sat 18 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-07-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-07-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16611, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-07-19T17:21:14+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-19T13:21:14Z", "ms": 1248009674425.118 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-20T13:58:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-20T09:58:20Z", "ms": 1248083899915.644 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-19T17:21:14+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-19T13:21:14Z", "ms": 1248009674425.118 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-20T13:58:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-20T09:58:20Z", "ms": 1248083899915.644 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-19T21:58:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-19T17:58:05Z", "ms": 1248026285349.8367 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-19T22:56:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-19T18:56:13Z", "ms": 1248029773492.1123 } }, "covered_min": 58, "window_min": 58, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-20T21:56:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-20T17:56:35Z", "ms": 1248112595375.6316 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-20T22:55:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-20T18:55:09Z", "ms": 1248116108534.0527 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 59, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:21 on Sun 19 Jul to 13:58 on Mon 20 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-19T13:21:14Z → 2009-07-20T09:58:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:58–22:56 on the 19th, 21:57–22:55 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 58 of 58 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 59 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16611 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Sunday 19 July. Trayodaśī runs from 17:21 on Sun 19 Jul to 13:58 on Mon 20 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-07-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29970, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-07-20T13:58:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-20T09:58:20Z", "ms": 1248083899915.644 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-21T10:19:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-21T06:19:40Z", "ms": 1248157179829.3696 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-20T13:58:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-20T09:58:20Z", "ms": 1248083899915.644 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-21T10:19:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-21T06:19:40Z", "ms": 1248157179829.3696 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-20T01:12:06+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-19T21:12:06Z", "ms": 1248037925883.37 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-20T02:00:06+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-19T22:00:06Z", "ms": 1248040805883.37 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-21T01:12:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-20T21:12:10Z", "ms": 1248124329719.7107 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-21T02:00:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-20T22:00:10Z", "ms": 1248127209719.7107 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:58 on Mon 20 Jul to 10:20 on Tue 21 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-20T09:58:20Z → 2009-07-21T06:19:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:12–02:00 on the 19th, 01:12–02:00 on the 20th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29970 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2009: Monday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2009 falls on Monday 20 July. Caturdaśī runs from 13:58 on Mon 20 Jul to 10:20 on Tue 21 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-07-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22634, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2009-07-23T23:23:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-23T19:23:42Z", "ms": 1248377022405.9287 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-24T20:16:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-24T16:16:42Z", "ms": 1248452201644.4153 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-23T23:23:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-23T19:23:42Z", "ms": 1248377022405.9287 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-24T20:16:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-24T16:16:42Z", "ms": 1248452201644.4153 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-23T13:11:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-23T09:11:27Z", "ms": 1248340286760.4788 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-23T13:59:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-23T09:59:27Z", "ms": 1248343166760.4788 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-24T13:11:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-24T09:11:28Z", "ms": 1248426687616.737 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-24T13:59:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-24T09:59:28Z", "ms": 1248429567616.737 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 23:24 on Thu 23 Jul to 20:17 on Fri 24 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-23T19:23:42Z → 2009-07-24T16:16:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 23rd, 13:11–13:59 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22634 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Moscow, 2009: Friday 24 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 2009 falls on Friday 24 July. Tṛtīyā runs from 23:24 on Thu 23 Jul to 20:17 on Fri 24 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-07-25", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13245, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-07-24T20:16:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-24T16:16:42Z", "ms": 1248452201644.4153 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-25T17:40:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-25T13:40:13Z", "ms": 1248529212508.2866 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-24T20:16:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-24T16:16:42Z", "ms": 1248452201644.4153 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-25T17:40:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-25T13:40:13Z", "ms": 1248529212508.2866 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-24T13:11:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-24T09:11:28Z", "ms": 1248426687616.737 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-24T13:59:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-24T09:59:28Z", "ms": 1248429567616.737 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-25T13:11:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-25T09:11:28Z", "ms": 1248513087903.6152 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-25T13:59:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-25T09:59:28Z", "ms": 1248515967903.6152 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:17 on Fri 24 Jul to 17:40 on Sat 25 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-24T16:16:42Z → 2009-07-25T13:40:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 24th, 13:11–13:59 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13245 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 25 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2009 falls on Saturday 25 July. Caturthī runs from 20:17 on Fri 24 Jul to 17:40 on Sat 25 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-07-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-07-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6124, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2009-07-25T17:40:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-25T13:40:13Z", "ms": 1248529212508.2866 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-26T15:41:31+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-26T11:41:31Z", "ms": 1248608491193.229 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-25T17:40:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-25T13:40:13Z", "ms": 1248529212508.2866 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-26T15:41:31+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-26T11:41:31Z", "ms": 1248608491193.229 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-25T13:11:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-25T09:11:28Z", "ms": 1248513087903.6152 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-25T13:59:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-25T09:59:28Z", "ms": 1248515967903.6152 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-07-26T13:11:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-26T09:11:28Z", "ms": 1248599487612.0896 }, "end": { "local": "2009-07-26T13:59:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-26T09:59:28Z", "ms": 1248602367612.0896 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 17:40 on Sat 25 Jul to 15:42 on Sun 26 Jul.", "fact": "2009-07-25T13:40:13Z → 2009-07-26T11:41:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 25th, 13:11–13:59 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6124 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 26 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Nāga Pañcamī 2009 falls on Sunday 26 July. Pañcamī runs from 17:40 on Sat 25 Jul to 15:42 on Sun 26 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-08-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38389, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-07-31T16:51:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-31T12:51:24Z", "ms": 1249044683796.6995 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-01T18:57:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-01T14:57:04Z", "ms": 1249138623961.7559 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-07-31T16:51:24+04:00", "utc": "2009-07-31T12:51:24Z", "ms": 1249044683796.6995 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-01T18:57:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-01T14:57:04Z", "ms": 1249138623961.7559 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-01T05:35:02+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-01T01:35:02Z", "ms": 1249090502065.928 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-01T05:35:02+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-01T01:35:02Z", "ms": 1249090502065.928 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-02T05:36:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-02T01:36:53Z", "ms": 1249177012938.9072 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-02T05:36:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-02T01:36:53Z", "ms": 1249177012938.9072 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:51 on Fri 31 Jul to 18:57 on Sat 1 Aug.", "fact": "2009-07-31T12:51:24Z → 2009-08-01T14:57:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:35 on the 1st and 05:37 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 1st and is not on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38389 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Putradā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Saturday 1 August. Ekādaśī runs from 16:51 on Fri 31 Jul to 18:57 on Sat 1 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-08-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17871, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-01T18:57:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-01T14:57:04Z", "ms": 1249138623961.7559 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-02T21:21:34+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-02T17:21:34Z", "ms": 1249233693935.1072 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-01T18:57:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-01T14:57:04Z", "ms": 1249138623961.7559 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-02T21:21:34+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-02T17:21:34Z", "ms": 1249233693935.1072 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-01T13:11:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-01T09:11:13Z", "ms": 1249117873444.0908 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-01T13:59:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-01T09:59:13Z", "ms": 1249120753444.0908 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-02T13:11:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-02T09:11:09Z", "ms": 1249204268998.6084 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-02T13:59:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-02T09:59:09Z", "ms": 1249207148998.6084 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 18:57 on Sat 1 Aug to 21:22 on Sun 2 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-01T14:57:04Z → 2009-08-02T17:21:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 1st, 13:11–13:59 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 17871 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 2009 falls on Sunday 2 August. Dvādaśī runs from 18:57 on Sat 1 Aug to 21:22 on Sun 2 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-08-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-03", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 711, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-02T21:21:34+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-02T17:21:34Z", "ms": 1249233693935.1072 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-03T23:55:08+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-03T19:55:08Z", "ms": 1249329307828.9287 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-02T21:21:34+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-02T17:21:34Z", "ms": 1249233693935.1072 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-03T23:55:08+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-03T19:55:08Z", "ms": 1249329307828.9287 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-02T21:33:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-02T17:33:25Z", "ms": 1249234405058.3096 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-02T22:38:08+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-02T18:38:08Z", "ms": 1249238287645.461 } }, "covered_min": 65, "window_min": 65, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-03T21:31:23+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-03T17:31:23Z", "ms": 1249320683459.4004 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-03T22:36:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-03T18:36:37Z", "ms": 1249324597209.0703 } }, "covered_min": 65, "window_min": 65, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:22 on Sun 2 Aug to 23:55 on Mon 3 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-02T17:21:34Z → 2009-08-03T19:55:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:33–22:38 on the 2nd, 21:31–22:37 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 65 of 65 minutes on the 2nd and 65 of 65 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 711 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Monday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-03", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-03", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Monday 3 August. Trayodaśī runs from 21:22 on Sun 2 Aug to 23:55 on Mon 3 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 65 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-08-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2970, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-08-05T02:28:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-04T22:28:48Z", "ms": 1249424927564.956 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-06T04:54:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-06T00:54:52Z", "ms": 1249520091923.7183 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "2009-08-05T15:43:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-05T11:43:12Z", "ms": 1249472592229.4622 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-06T04:54:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-06T00:54:52Z", "ms": 1249520091923.7183 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-05T05:42:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-05T01:42:29Z", "ms": 1249436549249.0637 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-06T05:44:22+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-06T01:44:22Z", "ms": 1249523062416.7866 } }, "covered_min": 792, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-06T05:44:22+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-06T01:44:22Z", "ms": 1249523062416.7866 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-07T05:46:16+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-07T01:46:16Z", "ms": 1249609576041.5645 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:29 on Wed 5 Aug to 04:55 on Thu 6 Aug. Its second half begins at 15:43 on Wed 5 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-04T22:28:48Z → 2009-08-06T00:54:52Z · second half from 2009-08-05T11:43:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:42 on the 5th, and from 05:44 on the 6th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 792 of 1442 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 1442 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2970 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 5 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 2009 falls on Wednesday 5 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 15:43 on Wed 5 Aug to 04:55 on Thu 6 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29753, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-08-05T02:28:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-04T22:28:48Z", "ms": 1249424927564.956 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-06T04:54:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-06T00:54:52Z", "ms": 1249520091923.7183 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-05T02:28:48+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-04T22:28:48Z", "ms": 1249424927564.956 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-06T04:54:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-06T00:54:52Z", "ms": 1249520091923.7183 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-05T13:10:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-05T09:10:52Z", "ms": 1249463452122.3474 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-05T13:58:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-05T09:58:52Z", "ms": 1249466332122.3474 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-06T13:10:45+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-06T09:10:45Z", "ms": 1249549845331.7515 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-06T13:58:45+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-06T09:58:45Z", "ms": 1249552725331.7515 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:29 on Wed 5 Aug to 04:55 on Thu 6 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-04T22:28:48Z → 2009-08-06T00:54:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 5th, 13:11–13:59 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29753 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 5 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 2009 falls on Wednesday 5 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:29 on Wed 5 Aug to 04:55 on Thu 6 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35186, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2009-08-07T07:07:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-07T03:07:01Z", "ms": 1249614420908.459 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-08T09:00:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-08T05:00:03Z", "ms": 1249707603182.264 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-07T07:07:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-07T03:07:01Z", "ms": 1249614420908.459 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-08T09:00:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-08T05:00:03Z", "ms": 1249707603182.264 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-06T21:20:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-06T17:20:35Z", "ms": 1249579234788.9678 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-06T21:20:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-06T17:20:35Z", "ms": 1249579234788.9678 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-07T21:29:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-07T17:29:35Z", "ms": 1249666174659.045 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-07T21:29:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-07T17:29:35Z", "ms": 1249666174659.045 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 07:07 on Fri 7 Aug to 09:00 on Sat 8 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-07T03:07:01Z → 2009-08-08T05:00:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:21 on the 6th and 21:30 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35186 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Friday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 2009 falls on Friday 7 August. Dvitīyā runs from 07:07 on Fri 7 Aug to 09:00 on Sat 8 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9644, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2009-08-08T09:00:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-08T05:00:03Z", "ms": 1249707603182.264 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-09T10:29:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-09T06:29:38Z", "ms": 1249799377500.8076 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-08T09:00:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-08T05:00:03Z", "ms": 1249707603182.264 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-09T10:29:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-09T06:29:38Z", "ms": 1249799377500.8076 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-08T13:10:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-08T09:10:30Z", "ms": 1249722630038.6143 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-08T13:58:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-08T09:58:30Z", "ms": 1249725510038.6143 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-09T13:10:22+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-09T09:10:22Z", "ms": 1249809021550.7383 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-09T13:58:22+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-09T09:58:22Z", "ms": 1249811901550.7383 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 09:00 on Sat 8 Aug to 10:30 on Sun 9 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-08T05:00:03Z → 2009-08-09T06:29:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 8th, 13:10–13:58 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9644 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 2009 falls on Saturday 8 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 09:00 on Sat 8 Aug to 10:30 on Sun 9 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23974, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-09T10:29:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-09T06:29:38Z", "ms": 1249799377500.8076 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-10T11:31:58+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-10T07:31:58Z", "ms": 1249889518001.1138 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-09T10:29:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-09T06:29:38Z", "ms": 1249799377500.8076 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-10T11:31:58+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-10T07:31:58Z", "ms": 1249889518001.1138 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-09T18:12:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-09T14:12:56Z", "ms": 1249827175779.8186 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-09T21:18:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-09T17:18:39Z", "ms": 1249838318599.2056 } }, "covered_min": 186, "window_min": 186, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-10T18:11:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-10T14:11:32Z", "ms": 1249913492461.8855 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-10T21:16:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-10T17:16:26Z", "ms": 1249924585761.23 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 185, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:30 on Sun 9 Aug to 11:32 on Mon 10 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-09T06:29:38Z → 2009-08-10T07:31:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 18:13–21:19 on the 9th, 18:12–21:16 on the 10th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 186 of 186 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 185 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 23974 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Bahulā Caturthī 2009 falls on Sunday 9 August. Caturthī runs from 10:30 on Sun 9 Aug to 11:32 on Mon 10 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-08-09", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37366, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-09T10:29:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-09T06:29:38Z", "ms": 1249799377500.8076 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-10T11:31:58+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-10T07:31:58Z", "ms": 1249889518001.1138 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-09T10:29:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-09T06:29:38Z", "ms": 1249799377500.8076 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-10T11:31:58+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-10T07:31:58Z", "ms": 1249889518001.1138 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-09T21:45:47+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-09T17:45:47Z", "ms": 1249839947289.1223 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-09T21:45:47+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-09T17:45:47Z", "ms": 1249839947289.1223 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-10T21:54:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-10T17:54:44Z", "ms": 1249926883722.0068 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-10T21:54:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-10T17:54:44Z", "ms": 1249926883722.0068 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:30 on Sun 9 Aug to 11:32 on Mon 10 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-09T06:29:38Z → 2009-08-10T07:31:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:46 on the 9th and 21:55 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37366 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2009 falls on Sunday 9 August. Caturthī runs from 10:30 on Sun 9 Aug to 11:32 on Mon 10 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-08-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3973, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-11T12:03:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-11T08:03:50Z", "ms": 1249977829579.2695 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-12T12:02:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-12T08:02:35Z", "ms": 1250064154924.5837 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-11T12:03:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-11T08:03:50Z", "ms": 1249977829579.2695 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-12T12:02:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-12T08:02:35Z", "ms": 1250064154924.5837 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-11T13:10:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-11T09:10:03Z", "ms": 1249981802933.833 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-11T13:58:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-11T09:58:03Z", "ms": 1249984682933.833 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-12T13:09:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-12T09:09:53Z", "ms": 1250068192822.832 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-12T13:57:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-12T09:57:53Z", "ms": 1250071072822.832 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:04 on Tue 11 Aug to 12:03 on Wed 12 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-11T08:03:50Z → 2009-08-12T08:02:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:10–13:58 on the 11th, 13:10–13:58 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3973 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 2009 falls on Tuesday 11 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:04 on Tue 11 Aug to 12:03 on Wed 12 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4038, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-12T12:02:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-12T08:02:35Z", "ms": 1250064154924.5837 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-13T11:26:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-13T07:26:30Z", "ms": 1250148390383.369 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-12T12:02:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-12T08:02:35Z", "ms": 1250064154924.5837 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-13T11:26:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-13T07:26:30Z", "ms": 1250148390383.369 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-12T13:09:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-12T09:09:53Z", "ms": 1250068192822.832 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-12T13:57:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-12T09:57:53Z", "ms": 1250071072822.832 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-13T13:09:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-13T09:09:42Z", "ms": 1250154582189.2803 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-13T13:57:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-13T09:57:42Z", "ms": 1250157462189.2803 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 12:03 on Wed 12 Aug to 11:27 on Thu 13 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-12T08:02:35Z → 2009-08-13T07:26:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:10–13:58 on the 12th, 13:10–13:58 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4038 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śītalā Saptamī 2009 falls on Wednesday 12 August. Saptamī runs from 12:03 on Wed 12 Aug to 11:27 on Thu 13 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29785, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-13T11:26:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-13T07:26:30Z", "ms": 1250148390383.369 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-14T10:15:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-14T06:15:05Z", "ms": 1250230504956.7546 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-13T11:26:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-13T07:26:30Z", "ms": 1250148390383.369 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-14T10:15:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-14T06:15:05Z", "ms": 1250230504956.7546 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-13T01:10:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-12T21:10:51Z", "ms": 1250111450620.1343 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-13T01:58:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-12T21:58:51Z", "ms": 1250114330620.1343 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-14T01:10:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-13T21:10:40Z", "ms": 1250197840094.7896 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-14T01:58:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-13T21:58:40Z", "ms": 1250200720094.7896 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:27 on Thu 13 Aug to 10:15 on Fri 14 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-13T07:26:30Z → 2009-08-14T06:15:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:11–01:59 on the 12th, 01:11–01:59 on the 13th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29785 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 13 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Janmāṣṭamī 2009 falls on Thursday 13 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:27 on Thu 13 Aug to 10:15 on Fri 14 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-08-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 486, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-16T06:11:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-16T02:11:39Z", "ms": 1250388699217.9885 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-17T03:26:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-16T23:26:26Z", "ms": 1250465185941.1248 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-16T06:11:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-16T02:11:39Z", "ms": 1250388699217.9885 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-17T03:26:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-16T23:26:26Z", "ms": 1250465185941.1248 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-16T06:03:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-16T02:03:33Z", "ms": 1250388213243.2986 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-16T06:03:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-16T02:03:33Z", "ms": 1250388213243.2986 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-17T06:05:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-17T02:05:30Z", "ms": 1250474729527.002 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-17T06:05:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-17T02:05:30Z", "ms": 1250474729527.002 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:12 on Sun 16 Aug to 03:26 on Mon 17 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-16T02:11:39Z → 2009-08-16T23:26:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:04 on the 16th and 06:05 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 486 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-16", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ajā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Sunday 16 August. Ekādaśī runs from 06:12 on Sun 16 Aug to 03:26 on Mon 17 Aug, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-08-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-08-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-17", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 40, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-18T00:19:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-17T20:19:19Z", "ms": 1250540358548.8884 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-18T20:57:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-18T16:57:17Z", "ms": 1250614637115.487 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-18T00:19:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-17T20:19:19Z", "ms": 1250540358548.8884 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-18T20:57:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-18T16:57:17Z", "ms": 1250614637115.487 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-17T21:00:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-17T17:00:20Z", "ms": 1250528419700.1204 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-17T22:13:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-17T18:13:17Z", "ms": 1250532796528.0276 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 73, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-18T20:57:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-18T16:57:57Z", "ms": 1250614677092.0066 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-18T22:11:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-18T18:11:28Z", "ms": 1250619088461.3098 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 74, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:19 on Tue 18 Aug to 20:57 on Tue 18 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-17T20:19:19Z → 2009-08-18T16:57:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:00–22:13 on the 17th, 20:58–22:11 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 73 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 74 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 40 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Monday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Monday 17 August. Trayodaśī runs from 00:19 on Tue 18 Aug to 20:57 on Tue 18 Aug, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day. It is 0 min 40 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-08-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 40, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-18T20:57:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-18T16:57:17Z", "ms": 1250614637115.487 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-19T17:28:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-19T13:28:25Z", "ms": 1250688505352.746 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-18T20:57:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-18T16:57:17Z", "ms": 1250614637115.487 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-19T17:28:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-19T13:28:25Z", "ms": 1250688505352.746 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-18T20:57:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-18T16:57:57Z", "ms": 1250614677092.0066 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-18T22:11:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-18T18:11:28Z", "ms": 1250619088461.3098 } }, "covered_min": 74, "window_min": 74, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-19T20:55:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-19T16:55:33Z", "ms": 1250700933466.714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-19T22:09:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-19T18:09:40Z", "ms": 1250705379518.7031 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 74, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:57 on Tue 18 Aug to 17:28 on Wed 19 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-18T16:57:17Z → 2009-08-19T13:28:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:58–22:11 on the 18th, 20:56–22:10 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 74 of 74 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 74 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 40 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Aghora Caturdaśī 2009 falls on Tuesday 18 August. Caturdaśī runs from 20:57 on Tue 18 Aug to 17:28 on Wed 19 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It is 0 min 40 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-08-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15143, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-18T20:57:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-18T16:57:17Z", "ms": 1250614637115.487 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-19T17:28:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-19T13:28:25Z", "ms": 1250688505352.746 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-18T20:57:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-18T16:57:17Z", "ms": 1250614637115.487 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-19T17:28:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-19T13:28:25Z", "ms": 1250688505352.746 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-19T01:09:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-18T21:09:40Z", "ms": 1250629779726.8933 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-19T01:57:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-18T21:57:40Z", "ms": 1250632659726.8933 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-20T01:09:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-19T21:09:26Z", "ms": 1250716166161.6729 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-20T01:57:26+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-19T21:57:26Z", "ms": 1250719046161.6729 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:57 on Tue 18 Aug to 17:28 on Wed 19 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-18T16:57:17Z → 2009-08-19T13:28:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:10–01:58 on the 18th, 01:09–01:57 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15143 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2009 falls on Tuesday 18 August. Caturdaśī runs from 20:57 on Tue 18 Aug to 17:28 on Wed 19 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 321, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2009-08-20T14:01:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-20T10:01:35Z", "ms": 1250762495058.219 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-21T10:46:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-21T06:46:09Z", "ms": 1250837168833.1614 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-20T14:01:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-20T10:01:35Z", "ms": 1250762495058.219 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-21T10:46:09+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-21T06:46:09Z", "ms": 1250837168833.1614 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-20T13:08:14+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-20T09:08:14Z", "ms": 1250759293860.2373 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-20T13:56:14+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-20T09:56:14Z", "ms": 1250762173860.2373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-21T13:07:59+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-21T09:07:59Z", "ms": 1250845679345.051 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-21T13:55:59+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-21T09:55:59Z", "ms": 1250848559345.051 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 14:02 on Thu 20 Aug to 10:46 on Fri 21 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-20T10:01:35Z → 2009-08-21T06:46:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 20th, 13:08–13:56 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 321 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Friday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rudra Vrata 2009 falls on Friday 21 August. Pratipadā runs from 14:02 on Thu 20 Aug to 10:46 on Fri 21 Aug, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18965, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2009-08-22T07:51:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-22T03:51:39Z", "ms": 1250913099052.095 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-23T05:27:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-23T01:27:20Z", "ms": 1250990840037.1094 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-22T07:51:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-22T03:51:39Z", "ms": 1250913099052.095 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-23T05:27:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-23T01:27:20Z", "ms": 1250990840037.1094 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-22T13:07:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-22T09:07:44Z", "ms": 1250932064375.9167 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-22T13:55:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-22T09:55:44Z", "ms": 1250934944375.9167 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-23T13:07:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-23T09:07:29Z", "ms": 1251018448961.3247 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-23T13:55:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-23T09:55:29Z", "ms": 1251021328961.3247 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:52 on Sat 22 Aug to 05:27 on Sun 23 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-22T03:51:39Z → 2009-08-23T01:27:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 22nd, 13:07–13:55 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18965 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 2009 falls on Saturday 22 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:52 on Sat 22 Aug to 05:27 on Sun 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27609, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-23T05:27:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-23T01:27:20Z", "ms": 1250990840037.1094 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-24T03:41:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-23T23:41:30Z", "ms": 1251070890318.3667 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-23T05:27:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-23T01:27:20Z", "ms": 1250990840037.1094 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-24T03:41:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-23T23:41:30Z", "ms": 1251070890318.3667 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-23T13:07:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-23T09:07:29Z", "ms": 1251018448961.3247 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-23T13:55:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-23T09:55:29Z", "ms": 1251021328961.3247 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-24T13:07:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-24T09:07:13Z", "ms": 1251104833111.1812 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-24T13:55:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-24T09:55:13Z", "ms": 1251107713111.1812 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:27 on Sun 23 Aug to 03:42 on Mon 24 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-23T01:27:20Z → 2009-08-23T23:41:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 23rd, 13:07–13:55 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27609 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 2009 falls on Sunday 23 August. Caturthī runs from 05:27 on Sun 23 Aug to 03:42 on Mon 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33943, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-24T03:41:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-23T23:41:30Z", "ms": 1251070890318.3667 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-25T02:40:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-24T22:40:44Z", "ms": 1251153643508.294 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-24T03:41:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-23T23:41:30Z", "ms": 1251070890318.3667 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-25T02:40:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-24T22:40:44Z", "ms": 1251153643508.294 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-24T13:07:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-24T09:07:13Z", "ms": 1251104833111.1812 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-24T13:55:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-24T09:55:13Z", "ms": 1251107713111.1812 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-25T13:06:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-25T09:06:57Z", "ms": 1251191216836.7803 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-25T13:54:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-25T09:54:57Z", "ms": 1251194096836.7803 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 03:42 on Mon 24 Aug to 02:41 on Tue 25 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-23T23:41:30Z → 2009-08-24T22:40:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 24th, 13:07–13:55 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 33943 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Moscow, 2009: Monday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 2009 falls on Monday 24 August. Pañcamī runs from 03:42 on Mon 24 Aug to 02:41 on Tue 25 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37573, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-25T02:40:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-24T22:40:44Z", "ms": 1251153643508.294 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-26T02:28:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-25T22:28:51Z", "ms": 1251239330580.4822 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-25T02:40:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-24T22:40:44Z", "ms": 1251153643508.294 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-26T02:28:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-25T22:28:51Z", "ms": 1251239330580.4822 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-25T13:06:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-25T09:06:57Z", "ms": 1251191216836.7803 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-25T13:54:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-25T09:54:57Z", "ms": 1251194096836.7803 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-26T13:06:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-26T09:06:40Z", "ms": 1251277600150.6858 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-26T13:54:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-26T09:54:40Z", "ms": 1251280480150.6858 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:41 on Tue 25 Aug to 02:29 on Wed 26 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-24T22:40:44Z → 2009-08-25T22:28:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 25th, 13:07–13:55 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37573 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 2009 falls on Tuesday 25 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 02:41 on Tue 25 Aug to 02:29 on Wed 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36020, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-26T02:28:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-25T22:28:51Z", "ms": 1251239330580.4822 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-27T03:06:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-26T23:06:03Z", "ms": 1251327963414.5608 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-26T02:28:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-25T22:28:51Z", "ms": 1251239330580.4822 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-27T03:06:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-26T23:06:03Z", "ms": 1251327963414.5608 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-26T13:06:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-26T09:06:40Z", "ms": 1251277600150.6858 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-26T13:54:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-26T09:54:40Z", "ms": 1251280480150.6858 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-27T13:06:23+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-27T09:06:23Z", "ms": 1251363983066.6035 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-27T13:54:23+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-27T09:54:23Z", "ms": 1251366863066.6035 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 02:29 on Wed 26 Aug to 03:06 on Thu 27 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-25T22:28:51Z → 2009-08-26T23:06:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 26th, 13:06–13:54 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36020 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 2009 falls on Wednesday 26 August. Saptamī runs from 02:29 on Wed 26 Aug to 03:06 on Thu 27 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31068, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-27T03:06:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-26T23:06:03Z", "ms": 1251327963414.5608 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-28T04:28:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-28T00:28:17Z", "ms": 1251419297249.924 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-27T03:06:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-26T23:06:03Z", "ms": 1251327963414.5608 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-28T04:28:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-28T00:28:17Z", "ms": 1251419297249.924 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-27T13:06:23+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-27T09:06:23Z", "ms": 1251363983066.6035 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-27T13:54:23+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-27T09:54:23Z", "ms": 1251366863066.6035 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-28T13:06:06+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-28T09:06:06Z", "ms": 1251450365599.261 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-28T13:54:06+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-28T09:54:06Z", "ms": 1251453245599.261 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:06 on Thu 27 Aug to 04:28 on Fri 28 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-26T23:06:03Z → 2009-08-28T00:28:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:06–13:54 on the 27th, 13:06–13:54 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31068 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rādhāṣṭamī 2009 falls on Thursday 27 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:06 on Thu 27 Aug to 04:28 on Fri 28 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-08-31", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8429, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-30T08:51:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-30T04:51:11Z", "ms": 1251607870900.407 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-31T11:26:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-31T07:26:53Z", "ms": 1251703613107.6118 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-30T08:51:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-30T04:51:11Z", "ms": 1251607870900.407 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-31T11:26:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-31T07:26:53Z", "ms": 1251703613107.6118 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-30T06:30:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-30T02:30:42Z", "ms": 1251599441908.494 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-30T06:30:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-30T02:30:42Z", "ms": 1251599441908.494 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-31T06:32:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-31T02:32:38Z", "ms": 1251685957796.1199 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-31T06:32:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-31T02:32:38Z", "ms": 1251685957796.1199 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:51 on Sun 30 Aug to 11:27 on Mon 31 Aug.", "fact": "2009-08-30T04:51:11Z → 2009-08-31T07:26:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:31 on the 30th and 06:33 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 30th and is on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8429 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Monday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Monday 31 August. Ekādaśī runs from 08:51 on Sun 30 Aug to 11:27 on Mon 31 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-08-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-08-31", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 508, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-08-31T11:26:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-31T07:26:53Z", "ms": 1251703613107.6118 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-01T14:01:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-01T10:01:21Z", "ms": 1251799280532.9883 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-08-31T11:26:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-31T07:26:53Z", "ms": 1251703613107.6118 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-01T14:01:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-01T10:01:21Z", "ms": 1251799280532.9883 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-08-31T13:05:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-31T09:05:11Z", "ms": 1251709511057.9463 }, "end": { "local": "2009-08-31T13:53:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-08-31T09:53:11Z", "ms": 1251712391057.9463 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-01T13:04:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-01T09:04:52Z", "ms": 1251795892221.75 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-01T13:52:52+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-01T09:52:52Z", "ms": 1251798772221.75 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 11:27 on Mon 31 Aug to 14:01 on Tue 1 Sep.", "fact": "2009-08-31T07:26:53Z → 2009-09-01T10:01:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:05–13:53 on the 31st, 13:05–13:53 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 508 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Moscow, 2009: Monday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-31", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-08-31", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vāmana Jayantī 2009 falls on Monday 31 August. Dvādaśī runs from 11:27 on Mon 31 Aug to 14:01 on Tue 1 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-09-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14222, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-01T14:01:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-01T10:01:21Z", "ms": 1251799280532.9883 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-02T16:23:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-02T12:23:35Z", "ms": 1251894215032.7695 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-01T14:01:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-01T10:01:21Z", "ms": 1251799280532.9883 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-02T16:23:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-02T12:23:35Z", "ms": 1251894215032.7695 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-01T20:23:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-01T16:23:11Z", "ms": 1251822190844.3997 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-01T21:44:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-01T17:44:57Z", "ms": 1251827097308.1577 } }, "covered_min": 82, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-02T20:20:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-02T16:20:37Z", "ms": 1251908436853.7039 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-02T21:42:59+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-02T17:42:59Z", "ms": 1251913379269.6023 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:01 on Tue 1 Sep to 16:24 on Wed 2 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-01T10:01:21Z → 2009-09-02T12:23:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:23–21:45 on the 1st, 20:21–21:43 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 82 of 82 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 82 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14222 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Tuesday 1 September. Trayodaśī runs from 14:01 on Tue 1 Sep to 16:24 on Wed 2 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25336, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-02T16:23:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-02T12:23:35Z", "ms": 1251894215032.7695 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-03T18:25:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-03T14:25:37Z", "ms": 1251987937202.8567 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-02T16:23:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-02T12:23:35Z", "ms": 1251894215032.7695 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-03T18:25:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-03T14:25:37Z", "ms": 1251987937202.8567 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-02T06:36:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-02T02:36:29Z", "ms": 1251858989322.585 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-02T09:21:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-02T05:21:19Z", "ms": 1251868878828.8088 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 165, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-03T06:38:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-03T02:38:25Z", "ms": 1251945504972.9429 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-03T09:22:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-03T05:22:20Z", "ms": 1251955340454.188 } }, "covered_min": 164, "window_min": 164, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:24 on Wed 2 Sep to 18:26 on Thu 3 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-02T12:23:35Z → 2009-09-03T14:25:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:36–09:21 on the 2nd, 06:38–09:22 on the 3rd.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 165 minutes on the 2nd and 164 of 164 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25336 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ananta Caturdaśī 2009 falls on Thursday 3 September. Caturdaśī runs from 16:24 on Wed 2 Sep to 18:26 on Thu 3 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-09-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5456, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-07T22:10:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-07T18:10:03Z", "ms": 1252347002662.5269 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-08T21:59:55+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-08T17:59:55Z", "ms": 1252432795497.8245 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-07T22:10:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-07T18:10:03Z", "ms": 1252347002662.5269 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-08T21:59:55+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-08T17:59:55Z", "ms": 1252432795497.8245 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-07T20:15:31+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-07T16:15:31Z", "ms": 1252340130601.7705 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-07T20:15:31+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-07T16:15:31Z", "ms": 1252340130601.7705 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-08T20:29:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-08T16:29:00Z", "ms": 1252427339586.768 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-08T20:29:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-08T16:29:00Z", "ms": 1252427339586.768 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:10 on Mon 7 Sep to 22:00 on Tue 8 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-07T18:10:03Z → 2009-09-08T17:59:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:16 on the 7th and 20:29 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5456 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2009 falls on Tuesday 8 September. Caturthī runs from 22:10 on Mon 7 Sep to 22:00 on Tue 8 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-09-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-09", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2246, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-09T21:25:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-09T17:25:15Z", "ms": 1252517114807.648 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-10T20:26:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-10T16:26:46Z", "ms": 1252600006488.522 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-09T21:25:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-09T17:25:15Z", "ms": 1252517114807.648 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-10T20:26:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-10T16:26:46Z", "ms": 1252600006488.522 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-09T20:47:49+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-09T16:47:49Z", "ms": 1252514868652.1182 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-09T20:47:49+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-09T16:47:49Z", "ms": 1252514868652.1182 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-10T21:15:47+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-10T17:15:47Z", "ms": 1252602947013.9268 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-10T21:15:47+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-10T17:15:47Z", "ms": 1252602947013.9268 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:25 on Wed 9 Sep to 20:27 on Thu 10 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-09T17:25:15Z → 2009-09-10T16:26:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:48 on the 9th and 21:16 on the 10th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 9th and is not on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → tithi-day · margin 2246 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-09", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-09", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 2009 falls on Wednesday 9 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:25 on Wed 9 Sep to 20:27 on Thu 10 Sep, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3128, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-11T19:05:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-11T15:05:05Z", "ms": 1252681505047.0088 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-12T17:20:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-12T13:20:51Z", "ms": 1252761651367.952 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-11T19:05:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-11T15:05:05Z", "ms": 1252681505047.0088 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-12T17:20:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-12T13:20:51Z", "ms": 1252761651367.952 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-11T19:57:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-11T15:57:13Z", "ms": 1252684632817.4543 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-11T21:25:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-11T17:25:01Z", "ms": 1252689901020.7666 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-12T19:54:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-12T15:54:35Z", "ms": 1252770875350.2424 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-12T21:23:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-12T17:23:00Z", "ms": 1252776179956.1428 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:05 on Fri 11 Sep to 17:21 on Sat 12 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-11T15:05:05Z → 2009-09-12T13:20:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:57–21:25 on the 11th, 19:55–21:23 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 88 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3128 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Moscow, 2009: Friday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 2009 falls on Friday 11 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:05 on Fri 11 Sep to 17:21 on Sat 12 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10403, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-11T19:05:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-11T15:05:05Z", "ms": 1252681505047.0088 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-12T17:20:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-12T13:20:51Z", "ms": 1252761651367.952 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-11T19:05:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-11T15:05:05Z", "ms": 1252681505047.0088 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-12T17:20:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-12T13:20:51Z", "ms": 1252761651367.952 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-11T21:58:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-11T17:58:28Z", "ms": 1252691907651.9604 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-11T21:58:28+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-11T17:58:28Z", "ms": 1252691907651.9604 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-12T23:00:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-12T19:00:46Z", "ms": 1252782045942.178 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-12T23:00:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-12T19:00:46Z", "ms": 1252782045942.178 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:05 on Fri 11 Sep to 17:21 on Sat 12 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-11T15:05:05Z → 2009-09-12T13:20:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:58 on the 11th and 23:01 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10403 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Moscow, 2009: Friday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 2009 falls on Friday 11 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:05 on Fri 11 Sep to 17:21 on Sat 12 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-09-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11299, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-14T12:50:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-14T08:50:30Z", "ms": 1252918229741.9082 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-15T10:09:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-15T06:09:51Z", "ms": 1252994990636.2295 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-14T12:50:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-14T08:50:30Z", "ms": 1252918229741.9082 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-15T10:09:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-15T06:09:51Z", "ms": 1252994990636.2295 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-14T06:59:36+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-14T02:59:36Z", "ms": 1252897175501.5386 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-14T06:59:36+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-14T02:59:36Z", "ms": 1252897175501.5386 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-15T07:01:31+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-15T03:01:31Z", "ms": 1252983691171.268 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-15T07:01:31+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-15T03:01:31Z", "ms": 1252983691171.268 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:50 on Mon 14 Sep to 10:10 on Tue 15 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-14T08:50:30Z → 2009-09-15T06:09:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:00 on the 14th and 07:02 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11299 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Indirā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Tuesday 15 September. Ekādaśī runs from 12:50 on Mon 14 Sep to 10:10 on Tue 15 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-09-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-09-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25593, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-16T07:18:06+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-16T03:18:06Z", "ms": 1253071086104.1836 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-17T04:21:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-17T00:21:27Z", "ms": 1253146887365.5286 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-16T07:18:06+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-16T03:18:06Z", "ms": 1253071086104.1836 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-17T04:21:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-17T00:21:27Z", "ms": 1253146887365.5286 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-15T19:46:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-15T15:46:42Z", "ms": 1253029601965.4126 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-15T21:16:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-15T17:16:56Z", "ms": 1253035015958.0833 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-16T19:44:04+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-16T15:44:04Z", "ms": 1253115843937.8782 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-16T21:14:54+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-16T17:14:54Z", "ms": 1253121294442.8481 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:18 on Wed 16 Sep to 04:21 on Thu 17 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-16T03:18:06Z → 2009-09-17T00:21:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:47–21:17 on the 15th, 19:44–21:15 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 90 minutes on the 15th and 91 of 91 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25593 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Wednesday 16 September. Trayodaśī runs from 07:18 on Wed 16 Sep to 04:21 on Thu 17 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-09-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-09-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1260, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-17T04:21:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-17T00:21:27Z", "ms": 1253146887365.5286 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-18T01:27:22+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-17T21:27:22Z", "ms": 1253222842190.4714 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-17T04:21:27+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-17T00:21:27Z", "ms": 1253146887365.5286 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-18T01:27:22+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-17T21:27:22Z", "ms": 1253222842190.4714 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-17T01:00:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-16T21:00:43Z", "ms": 1253134843331.5156 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-17T01:48:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-16T21:48:43Z", "ms": 1253137723331.5156 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-18T01:00:22+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-17T21:00:22Z", "ms": 1253221222230.192 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-18T01:48:22+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-17T21:48:22Z", "ms": 1253224102230.192 } }, "covered_min": 27, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:21 on Thu 17 Sep to 01:27 on Fri 18 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-17T00:21:27Z → 2009-09-17T21:27:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:01–01:49 on the 16th, 01:00–01:48 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 27 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1260 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2009 falls on Thursday 17 September. Caturdaśī runs from 04:21 on Thu 17 Sep to 01:27 on Fri 18 Sep and covers 27 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-09-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20149, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2009-09-18T01:27:22+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-17T21:27:22Z", "ms": 1253222842190.4714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-18T22:44:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-18T18:44:19Z", "ms": 1253299458558.386 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-18T01:27:22+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-17T21:27:22Z", "ms": 1253222842190.4714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-18T22:44:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-18T18:44:19Z", "ms": 1253299458558.386 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-17T14:39:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-17T10:39:01Z", "ms": 1253183940593.537 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-17T17:10:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-17T13:10:13Z", "ms": 1253193013216.3318 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-18T14:38:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-18T10:38:12Z", "ms": 1253270292065.2517 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-18T17:08:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-18T13:08:30Z", "ms": 1253279309879.9167 } }, "covered_min": 150, "window_min": 150, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 01:27 on Fri 18 Sep to 22:44 on Fri 18 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-17T21:27:22Z → 2009-09-18T18:44:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 14:39–17:10 on the 17th, 14:38–17:08 on the 18th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 0 of 151 minutes on the 17th and 150 of 150 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20149 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Moscow, 2009: Friday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 2009 falls on Friday 18 September. Amāvasyā runs from 01:27 on Fri 18 Sep to 22:44 on Fri 18 Sep and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23678, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2009-09-18T22:44:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-18T18:44:19Z", "ms": 1253299458558.386 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-19T20:21:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-19T16:21:20Z", "ms": 1253377280377.335 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-18T22:44:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-18T18:44:19Z", "ms": 1253299458558.386 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-19T20:21:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-19T16:21:20Z", "ms": 1253377280377.335 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-18T12:59:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-18T08:59:03Z", "ms": 1253264343157.9194 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-18T13:47:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-18T09:47:03Z", "ms": 1253267223157.9194 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-19T12:58:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-19T08:58:42Z", "ms": 1253350722067.148 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-19T13:46:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-19T09:46:42Z", "ms": 1253353602067.148 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 22:44 on Fri 18 Sep to 20:21 on Sat 19 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-18T18:44:19Z → 2009-09-19T16:21:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:59–13:47 on the 18th, 12:59–13:47 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23678 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 2009 falls on Saturday 19 September. Pratipadā runs from 22:44 on Fri 18 Sep to 20:21 on Sat 19 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-09-22", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10421, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-21T17:11:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-21T13:11:21Z", "ms": 1253538680640.831 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-22T16:39:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-22T12:39:20Z", "ms": 1253623159677.9155 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-21T17:11:21+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-21T13:11:21Z", "ms": 1253538680640.831 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-22T16:39:20+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-22T12:39:20Z", "ms": 1253623159677.9155 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-21T12:58:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-21T08:58:00Z", "ms": 1253523480049.0466 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-21T13:46:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-21T09:46:00Z", "ms": 1253526360049.0466 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-22T12:57:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-22T08:57:39Z", "ms": 1253609859154.8071 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-22T13:45:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-22T09:45:39Z", "ms": 1253612739154.8071 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:11 on Mon 21 Sep to 16:39 on Tue 22 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-21T13:11:21Z → 2009-09-22T12:39:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:58–13:46 on the 21st, 12:58–13:46 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10421 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 22 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2009 falls on Tuesday 22 September. Caturthī runs from 17:11 on Mon 21 Sep to 16:39 on Tue 22 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-09-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35486, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-24T17:58:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-24T13:58:39Z", "ms": 1253800718736.5354 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-25T19:44:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-25T15:44:11Z", "ms": 1253893451343.2332 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-24T17:58:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-24T13:58:39Z", "ms": 1253800718736.5354 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-25T19:44:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-25T15:44:11Z", "ms": 1253893451343.2332 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-24T07:18:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-24T03:18:56Z", "ms": 1253762336084.9866 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-24T08:07:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-24T04:07:12Z", "ms": 1253765232298.2097 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-25T07:20:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-25T03:20:53Z", "ms": 1253848852756.3796 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-25T08:08:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-25T04:08:51Z", "ms": 1253851730674.894 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 17:59 on Thu 24 Sep to 19:44 on Fri 25 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-24T13:58:39Z → 2009-09-25T15:44:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:19–08:07 on the 24th, 07:21–08:09 on the 25th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35486 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Moscow, 2009: Friday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Durgā Saptamī 2009 falls on Friday 25 September. Saptamī runs from 17:59 on Thu 24 Sep to 19:44 on Fri 25 Sep and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21574, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-25T19:44:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-25T15:44:11Z", "ms": 1253893451343.2332 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-26T22:01:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-26T18:01:29Z", "ms": 1253988089121.9019 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-25T19:44:11+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-25T15:44:11Z", "ms": 1253893451343.2332 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-26T22:01:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-26T18:01:29Z", "ms": 1253988089121.9019 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-25T12:56:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-25T08:56:37Z", "ms": 1253868997145.2373 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-25T13:44:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-25T09:44:37Z", "ms": 1253871877145.2373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-26T12:56:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-26T08:56:17Z", "ms": 1253955376763.3262 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-26T13:44:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-26T09:44:17Z", "ms": 1253958256763.3262 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:44 on Fri 25 Sep to 22:01 on Sat 26 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-25T15:44:11Z → 2009-09-26T18:01:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:57–13:45 on the 25th, 12:56–13:44 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21574 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 2009 falls on Saturday 26 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:44 on Fri 25 Sep to 22:01 on Sat 26 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29832, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-26T22:01:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-26T18:01:29Z", "ms": 1253988089121.9019 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-28T00:36:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-27T20:36:19Z", "ms": 1254083778852.9243 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-26T22:01:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-26T18:01:29Z", "ms": 1253988089121.9019 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-28T00:36:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-27T20:36:19Z", "ms": 1254083778852.9243 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-26T12:56:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-26T08:56:17Z", "ms": 1253955376763.3262 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-26T13:44:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-26T09:44:17Z", "ms": 1253958256763.3262 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-27T12:55:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-27T08:55:57Z", "ms": 1254041756558.6826 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-27T13:43:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-27T09:43:57Z", "ms": 1254044636558.6826 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 22:01 on Sat 26 Sep to 00:36 on Mon 28 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-26T18:01:29Z → 2009-09-27T20:36:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:56–13:44 on the 26th, 12:56–13:44 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29832 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mahānavamī 2009 falls on Sunday 27 September. Navamī runs from 22:01 on Sat 26 Sep to 00:36 on Mon 28 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14486, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-28T00:36:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-27T20:36:19Z", "ms": 1254083778852.9243 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-29T03:12:49+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-28T23:12:49Z", "ms": 1254179569413.1177 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-28T00:36:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-27T20:36:19Z", "ms": 1254083778852.9243 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-29T03:12:49+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-28T23:12:49Z", "ms": 1254179569413.1177 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-28T12:55:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-28T08:55:37Z", "ms": 1254128136552.0315 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-28T13:43:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-28T09:43:37Z", "ms": 1254131016552.0315 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-29T12:55:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-29T08:55:17Z", "ms": 1254214516764.5293 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-29T13:43:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-29T09:43:17Z", "ms": 1254217396764.5293 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 00:36 on Mon 28 Sep to 03:13 on Tue 29 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-27T20:36:19Z → 2009-09-28T23:12:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:56–13:44 on the 28th, 12:55–13:43 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so the rest of the rule applies. Daśamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14486 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Moscow, 2009: Monday 28 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 2009 falls on Monday 28 September. Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so madhyāhna decides. Daśamī runs from 00:36 on Mon 28 Sep to 03:13 on Tue 29 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-09-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6869, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-09-29T03:12:49+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-28T23:12:49Z", "ms": 1254179569413.1177 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-30T05:36:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-30T01:36:10Z", "ms": 1254274570106.4285 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-09-29T03:12:49+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-28T23:12:49Z", "ms": 1254179569413.1177 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-30T05:36:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-30T01:36:10Z", "ms": 1254274570106.4285 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-29T07:28:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-29T03:28:41Z", "ms": 1254194921082.6377 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-29T07:28:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-29T03:28:41Z", "ms": 1254194921082.6377 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-09-30T07:30:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-30T03:30:39Z", "ms": 1254281438643.6636 }, "end": { "local": "2009-09-30T07:30:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-09-30T03:30:39Z", "ms": 1254281438643.6636 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:13 on Tue 29 Sep to 05:36 on Wed 30 Sep.", "fact": "2009-09-28T23:12:49Z → 2009-09-30T01:36:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:29 on the 29th and 07:31 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 29th and is not on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6869 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Tuesday 29 September. Ekādaśī runs from 03:13 on Tue 29 Sep to 05:36 on Wed 30 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-09-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-10-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36052, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-01T07:34:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-01T03:34:43Z", "ms": 1254368082784.2998 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-02T09:01:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-02T05:01:12Z", "ms": 1254459671572.2292 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-01T07:34:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-01T03:34:43Z", "ms": 1254368082784.2998 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-02T09:01:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-02T05:01:12Z", "ms": 1254459671572.2292 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-01T19:04:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-01T15:04:39Z", "ms": 1254409479441.2993 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-01T20:44:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-01T16:44:39Z", "ms": 1254415478775.344 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-02T19:02:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-02T15:02:03Z", "ms": 1254495723423.7188 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-02T20:42:39+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-02T16:42:39Z", "ms": 1254501759329.9949 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:35 on Thu 1 Oct to 09:01 on Fri 2 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-01T03:34:43Z → 2009-10-02T05:01:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:05–20:45 on the 1st, 19:02–20:43 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 101 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36052 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 1 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Thursday 1 October. Trayodaśī runs from 07:35 on Thu 1 Oct to 09:01 on Fri 2 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-10-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39870, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-07T08:16:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-07T04:16:03Z", "ms": 1254888962773.239 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-08T06:58:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-08T02:58:12Z", "ms": 1254970692377.0305 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-07T08:16:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-07T04:16:03Z", "ms": 1254888962773.239 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-08T06:58:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-08T02:58:12Z", "ms": 1254970692377.0305 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-07T19:20:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-07T15:20:32Z", "ms": 1254928832461.353 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-07T19:20:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-07T15:20:32Z", "ms": 1254928832461.353 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-08T19:58:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-08T15:58:53Z", "ms": 1255017533004.5354 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-08T19:58:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-08T15:58:53Z", "ms": 1255017533004.5354 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:16 on Wed 7 Oct to 06:58 on Thu 8 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-07T04:16:03Z → 2009-10-08T02:58:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:21 on the 7th and 19:59 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 39870 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 2009 falls on Wednesday 7 October. Caturthī runs from 08:16 on Wed 7 Oct to 06:58 on Thu 8 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-10-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39870, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-07T08:16:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-07T04:16:03Z", "ms": 1254888962773.239 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-08T06:58:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-08T02:58:12Z", "ms": 1254970692377.0305 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-07T08:16:03+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-07T04:16:03Z", "ms": 1254888962773.239 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-08T06:58:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-08T02:58:12Z", "ms": 1254970692377.0305 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-07T19:20:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-07T15:20:32Z", "ms": 1254928832461.353 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-07T19:20:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-07T15:20:32Z", "ms": 1254928832461.353 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-08T19:58:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-08T15:58:53Z", "ms": 1255017533004.5354 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-08T19:58:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-08T15:58:53Z", "ms": 1255017533004.5354 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:16 on Wed 7 Oct to 06:58 on Thu 8 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-07T04:16:03Z → 2009-10-08T02:58:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:21 on the 7th and 19:59 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 39870 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2009 falls on Wednesday 7 October. Caturthī runs from 08:16 on Wed 7 Oct to 06:58 on Thu 8 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-10-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1113, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-11T01:54:23+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-10T21:54:23Z", "ms": 1255211663460.7043 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-11T23:55:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-11T19:55:19Z", "ms": 1255290919200.0989 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-11T01:54:23+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-10T21:54:23Z", "ms": 1255211663460.7043 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-11T23:55:19+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-11T19:55:19Z", "ms": 1255290919200.0989 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-10T22:09:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-10T18:09:46Z", "ms": 1255198185896.5442 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-10T22:09:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-10T18:09:46Z", "ms": 1255198185896.5442 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-11T23:36:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-11T19:36:46Z", "ms": 1255289806232.5837 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-11T23:36:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-11T19:36:46Z", "ms": 1255289806232.5837 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 01:54 on Sun 11 Oct to 23:55 on Sun 11 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-10T21:54:23Z → 2009-10-11T19:55:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:10 on the 10th and 23:37 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 10th and is on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1113 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 2009 falls on Sunday 11 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 01:54 on Sun 11 Oct to 23:55 on Sun 11 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-10-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33835, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-13T19:37:18+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-13T15:37:18Z", "ms": 1255448237525.1938 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-14T17:22:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-14T13:22:30Z", "ms": 1255526549641.4878 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-13T19:37:18+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-13T15:37:18Z", "ms": 1255448237525.1938 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-14T17:22:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-14T13:22:30Z", "ms": 1255526549641.4878 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-13T07:56:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-13T03:56:33Z", "ms": 1255406192778.912 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-13T07:56:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-13T03:56:33Z", "ms": 1255406192778.912 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-14T07:58:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-14T03:58:35Z", "ms": 1255492714738.039 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-14T07:58:35+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-14T03:58:35Z", "ms": 1255492714738.039 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:37 on Tue 13 Oct to 17:22 on Wed 14 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-13T15:37:18Z → 2009-10-14T13:22:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:57 on the 13th and 07:59 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33835 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ramā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Wednesday 14 October. Ekādaśī runs from 19:37 on Tue 13 Oct to 17:22 on Wed 14 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-10-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4139, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-14T17:22:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-14T13:22:30Z", "ms": 1255526549641.4878 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-15T15:08:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T11:08:41Z", "ms": 1255604920837.2249 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-14T17:22:30+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-14T13:22:30Z", "ms": 1255526549641.4878 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-15T15:08:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T11:08:41Z", "ms": 1255604920837.2249 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-14T18:31:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-14T14:31:29Z", "ms": 1255530688505.0366 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-14T20:19:22+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-14T16:19:22Z", "ms": 1255537161645.886 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-15T18:29:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T14:29:00Z", "ms": 1255616939729.6838 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-15T20:17:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T16:17:29Z", "ms": 1255623449064.8486 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:22 on Wed 14 Oct to 15:09 on Thu 15 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-14T13:22:30Z → 2009-10-15T11:08:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:31–20:19 on the 14th, 18:29–20:17 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 108 of 108 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 108 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4139 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 2009 falls on Wednesday 14 October. Dvādaśī runs from 17:22 on Wed 14 Oct to 15:09 on Thu 15 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12019, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-15T15:08:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T11:08:41Z", "ms": 1255604920837.2249 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-16T13:01:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T09:01:15Z", "ms": 1255683675269.9565 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-15T15:08:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T11:08:41Z", "ms": 1255604920837.2249 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-16T13:01:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T09:01:15Z", "ms": 1255683675269.9565 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-15T18:29:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T14:29:00Z", "ms": 1255616939729.6838 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-15T20:17:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T16:17:29Z", "ms": 1255623449064.8486 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-16T18:26:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T14:26:32Z", "ms": 1255703191755.4868 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-16T20:15:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T16:15:37Z", "ms": 1255709737224.9556 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:09 on Thu 15 Oct to 13:01 on Fri 16 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-15T11:08:41Z → 2009-10-16T09:01:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:29–20:17 on the 15th, 18:27–20:16 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 108 of 108 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 109 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12019 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Yama Dīpadāna 2009 falls on Thursday 15 October. Trayodaśī runs from 15:09 on Thu 15 Oct to 13:01 on Fri 16 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-10-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12019, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-15T15:08:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T11:08:41Z", "ms": 1255604920837.2249 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-16T13:01:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T09:01:15Z", "ms": 1255683675269.9565 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-15T15:08:41+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T11:08:41Z", "ms": 1255604920837.2249 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-16T13:01:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T09:01:15Z", "ms": 1255683675269.9565 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-15T18:29:00+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T14:29:00Z", "ms": 1255616939729.6838 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-15T20:17:29+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T16:17:29Z", "ms": 1255623449064.8486 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-16T18:26:32+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T14:26:32Z", "ms": 1255703191755.4868 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-16T20:15:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T16:15:37Z", "ms": 1255709737224.9556 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:09 on Thu 15 Oct to 13:01 on Fri 16 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-15T11:08:41Z → 2009-10-16T09:01:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:29–20:17 on the 15th, 18:27–20:16 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 108 of 108 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 109 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12019 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Thursday 15 October. Trayodaśī runs from 15:09 on Thu 15 Oct to 13:01 on Fri 16 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-10-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34035, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-16T13:01:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T09:01:15Z", "ms": 1255683675269.9565 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-17T11:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T07:06:53Z", "ms": 1255763212735.9167 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-16T13:01:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T09:01:15Z", "ms": 1255683675269.9565 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-17T11:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T07:06:53Z", "ms": 1255763212735.9167 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-16T00:51:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T20:51:50Z", "ms": 1255639909736.5518 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-16T01:39:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-15T21:39:50Z", "ms": 1255642789736.5518 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-17T00:51:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T20:51:37Z", "ms": 1255726297265.9949 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-17T01:39:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T21:39:37Z", "ms": 1255729177265.9949 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:01 on Fri 16 Oct to 11:07 on Sat 17 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-16T09:01:15Z → 2009-10-17T07:06:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:52–01:40 on the 15th, 00:52–01:40 on the 16th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34035 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2009: Friday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2009 falls on Friday 16 October. Caturdaśī runs from 13:01 on Fri 16 Oct to 11:07 on Sat 17 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-10-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10930, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-16T13:01:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T09:01:15Z", "ms": 1255683675269.9565 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-17T11:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T07:06:53Z", "ms": 1255763212735.9167 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-16T13:01:15+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T09:01:15Z", "ms": 1255683675269.9565 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-17T11:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T07:06:53Z", "ms": 1255763212735.9167 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-16T06:14:10+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T02:14:10Z", "ms": 1255659250408.2546 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-16T08:02:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T04:02:40Z", "ms": 1255665759743.4194 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-17T06:15:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T02:15:37Z", "ms": 1255745737307.0342 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-17T08:04:43+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T04:04:43Z", "ms": 1255752282776.503 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:01 on Fri 16 Oct to 11:07 on Sat 17 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-16T09:01:15Z → 2009-10-17T07:06:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 06:14–08:03 on the 16th, 06:16–08:05 on the 17th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 108 minutes on the 16th and 109 of 109 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10930 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 2009 falls on Saturday 17 October. Caturdaśī runs from 13:01 on Fri 16 Oct to 11:07 on Sat 17 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26232, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2009-10-17T11:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T07:06:53Z", "ms": 1255763212735.9167 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-18T09:33:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z", "ms": 1255843984819.3923 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-17T11:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T07:06:53Z", "ms": 1255763212735.9167 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-18T09:33:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z", "ms": 1255843984819.3923 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-17T18:24:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T14:24:05Z", "ms": 1255789444617.6584 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-17T20:13:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T16:13:46Z", "ms": 1255796026155.4688 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-18T18:21:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T14:21:38Z", "ms": 1255875698351.7637 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-18T20:11:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T16:11:56Z", "ms": 1255882315885.729 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 11:07 on Sat 17 Oct to 09:33 on Sun 18 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-17T07:06:53Z → 2009-10-18T05:33:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:24–20:14 on the 17th, 18:22–20:12 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 110 of 110 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 110 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26232 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 2009 falls on Saturday 17 October. Amāvasyā runs from 11:07 on Sat 17 Oct to 09:33 on Sun 18 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28419, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2009-10-17T11:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T07:06:53Z", "ms": 1255763212735.9167 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-18T09:33:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z", "ms": 1255843984819.3923 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-17T11:06:53+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T07:06:53Z", "ms": 1255763212735.9167 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-18T09:33:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z", "ms": 1255843984819.3923 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-17T00:51:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T20:51:37Z", "ms": 1255726297265.9949 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-17T01:39:37+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-16T21:39:37Z", "ms": 1255729177265.9949 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-18T00:51:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T20:51:25Z", "ms": 1255812685384.4473 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-18T01:39:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-17T21:39:25Z", "ms": 1255815565384.4473 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 11:07 on Sat 17 Oct to 09:33 on Sun 18 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-17T07:06:53Z → 2009-10-18T05:33:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:52–01:40 on the 16th, 00:51–01:39 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28419 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kālī Pūjā 2009 falls on Saturday 17 October. Amāvasyā runs from 11:07 on Sat 17 Oct to 09:33 on Sun 18 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11827, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2009-10-18T09:33:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z", "ms": 1255843984819.3923 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-19T08:27:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T04:27:38Z", "ms": 1255926457591.824 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-18T09:33:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z", "ms": 1255843984819.3923 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-19T08:27:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T04:27:38Z", "ms": 1255926457591.824 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-18T12:50:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T08:50:12Z", "ms": 1255855812251.4998 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-18T13:38:12+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T09:38:12Z", "ms": 1255858692251.4998 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-19T12:50:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T08:50:01Z", "ms": 1255942201425.331 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-19T13:38:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T09:38:01Z", "ms": 1255945081425.331 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 09:33 on Sun 18 Oct to 08:28 on Mon 19 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z → 2009-10-19T04:27:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 18th, 12:50–13:38 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11827 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Govardhana Pūjā 2009 falls on Sunday 18 October. Pratipadā runs from 09:33 on Sun 18 Oct to 08:28 on Mon 19 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31714, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2009-10-18T09:33:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z", "ms": 1255843984819.3923 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-19T08:27:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T04:27:38Z", "ms": 1255926457591.824 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-18T09:33:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z", "ms": 1255843984819.3923 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-19T08:27:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T04:27:38Z", "ms": 1255926457591.824 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-18T18:21:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T14:21:38Z", "ms": 1255875698351.7637 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-18T20:11:56+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T16:11:56Z", "ms": 1255882315885.729 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-19T18:19:13+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T14:19:13Z", "ms": 1255961952994.1582 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-19T20:10:06+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T16:10:06Z", "ms": 1255968606445.562 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 09:33 on Sun 18 Oct to 08:28 on Mon 19 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z → 2009-10-19T04:27:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:22–20:12 on the 18th, 18:19–20:10 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 110 of 110 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 111 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31714 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Bali Pūjā 2009 falls on Sunday 18 October. Pratipadā runs from 09:33 on Sun 18 Oct to 08:28 on Mon 19 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1128, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2009-10-18T09:33:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z", "ms": 1255843984819.3923 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-19T08:27:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T04:27:38Z", "ms": 1255926457591.824 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-18T09:33:05+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z", "ms": 1255843984819.3923 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-19T08:27:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T04:27:38Z", "ms": 1255926457591.824 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-18T08:06:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T04:06:46Z", "ms": 1255838806151.2358 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-18T11:31:44+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-18T07:31:44Z", "ms": 1255851103551.4119 } }, "covered_min": 119, "window_min": 205, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-19T08:08:50+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T04:08:50Z", "ms": 1255925329856.5042 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-19T11:32:18+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T07:32:18Z", "ms": 1255937537569.0554 } }, "covered_min": 19, "window_min": 203, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 09:33 on Sun 18 Oct to 08:28 on Mon 19 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-18T05:33:05Z → 2009-10-19T04:27:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 08:07–11:32 on the 18th, 08:09–11:32 on the 19th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 119 of 205 minutes on the 18th and 19 of 203 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both forenoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1128 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Dyūta Pratipad 2009 falls on Sunday 18 October. Pratipadā runs from 09:33 on Sun 18 Oct to 08:28 on Mon 19 Oct and covers 119 of 205 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon. It also reaches the next forenoon for 19 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15744, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2009-10-19T08:27:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T04:27:38Z", "ms": 1255926457591.824 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-20T07:57:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-20T03:57:40Z", "ms": 1256011060050.7712 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-19T08:27:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T04:27:38Z", "ms": 1255926457591.824 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-20T07:57:40+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-20T03:57:40Z", "ms": 1256011060050.7712 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-19T12:50:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T08:50:01Z", "ms": 1255942201425.331 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-19T13:38:01+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-19T09:38:01Z", "ms": 1255945081425.331 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-20T12:49:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-20T08:49:51Z", "ms": 1256028591231.0073 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-20T13:37:51+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-20T09:37:51Z", "ms": 1256031471231.0073 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 08:28 on Mon 19 Oct to 07:58 on Tue 20 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-19T04:27:38Z → 2009-10-20T03:57:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 19th, 12:50–13:38 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15744 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Moscow, 2009: Monday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 2009 falls on Monday 19 October. Dvitīyā runs from 08:28 on Mon 19 Oct to 07:58 on Tue 20 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13596, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-21T08:08:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-21T04:08:38Z", "ms": 1256098117971.819 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-22T09:02:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-22T05:02:57Z", "ms": 1256187776812.27 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-21T08:08:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-21T04:08:38Z", "ms": 1256098117971.819 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-22T09:02:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-22T05:02:57Z", "ms": 1256187776812.27 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-21T12:49:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-21T08:49:42Z", "ms": 1256114981680.9712 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-21T13:37:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-21T09:37:42Z", "ms": 1256117861680.9712 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-22T12:49:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-22T08:49:33Z", "ms": 1256201372787.791 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-22T13:37:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-22T09:37:33Z", "ms": 1256204252787.791 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:09 on Wed 21 Oct to 09:03 on Thu 22 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-21T04:08:38Z → 2009-10-22T05:02:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 21st, 12:50–13:38 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13596 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Nāga Caturthī 2009 falls on Wednesday 21 October. Caturthī runs from 08:09 on Wed 21 Oct to 09:03 on Thu 22 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-10-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13596, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-21T08:08:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-21T04:08:38Z", "ms": 1256098117971.819 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-22T09:02:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-22T05:02:57Z", "ms": 1256187776812.27 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-21T08:08:38+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-21T04:08:38Z", "ms": 1256098117971.819 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-22T09:02:57+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-22T05:02:57Z", "ms": 1256187776812.27 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-21T12:49:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-21T08:49:42Z", "ms": 1256114981680.9712 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-21T13:37:42+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-21T09:37:42Z", "ms": 1256117861680.9712 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-22T12:49:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-22T08:49:33Z", "ms": 1256201372787.791 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-22T13:37:33+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-22T09:37:33Z", "ms": 1256204252787.791 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:09 on Wed 21 Oct to 09:03 on Thu 22 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-21T04:08:38Z → 2009-10-22T05:02:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 21st, 12:50–13:38 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13596 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Wednesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2009 falls on Wednesday 21 October. Caturthī runs from 08:09 on Wed 21 Oct to 09:03 on Thu 22 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-10-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-23", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 9, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-23T10:38:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-23T06:38:46Z", "ms": 1256279925986.5774 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-24T12:49:08+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-24T08:49:08Z", "ms": 1256374148337.9358 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-23T10:38:46+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-23T06:38:46Z", "ms": 1256279925986.5774 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-24T12:49:08+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-24T08:49:08Z", "ms": 1256374148337.9358 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-23T12:49:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-23T08:49:25Z", "ms": 1256287764564.1968 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-23T13:37:25+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-23T09:37:25Z", "ms": 1256290644564.1968 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-24T12:49:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-24T08:49:17Z", "ms": 1256374157023.0596 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-24T13:37:17+04:00", "utc": "2009-10-24T09:37:17Z", "ms": 1256377037023.0596 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:39 on Fri 23 Oct to 12:49 on Sat 24 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-23T06:38:46Z → 2009-10-24T08:49:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 23rd, 12:49–13:37 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Moscow, 2009: Friday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-23", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-23", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 2009 falls on Friday 23 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:39 on Fri 23 Oct to 12:49 on Sat 24 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It is 0 min 09 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6295, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-25T14:22:05+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-25T11:22:05Z", "ms": 1256469725347.8284 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-26T17:01:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-26T14:01:59Z", "ms": 1256565719122.2903 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-25T14:22:05+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-25T11:22:05Z", "ms": 1256469725347.8284 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-26T17:01:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-26T14:01:59Z", "ms": 1256565719122.2903 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-25T11:49:10+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-25T08:49:10Z", "ms": 1256460550177.3337 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-25T12:37:10+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-25T09:37:10Z", "ms": 1256463430177.3337 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-26T11:49:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-26T08:49:04Z", "ms": 1256546944039.9902 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-26T12:37:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-26T09:37:04Z", "ms": 1256549824039.9902 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:22 on Sun 25 Oct to 17:02 on Mon 26 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-25T11:22:05Z → 2009-10-26T14:01:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 25th, 11:49–12:37 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6295 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Moscow, 2009: Monday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Gopāṣṭamī 2009 falls on Monday 26 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:22 on Sun 25 Oct to 17:02 on Mon 26 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23128, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-26T17:01:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-26T14:01:59Z", "ms": 1256565719122.2903 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-27T19:32:02+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-27T16:32:02Z", "ms": 1256661122183.6152 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-26T17:01:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-26T14:01:59Z", "ms": 1256565719122.2903 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-27T19:32:02+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-27T16:32:02Z", "ms": 1256661122183.6152 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-26T07:23:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-26T04:23:24Z", "ms": 1256531003842.4575 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-26T10:36:31+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-26T07:36:31Z", "ms": 1256542590640.8127 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 193, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-27T07:25:30+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-27T04:25:30Z", "ms": 1256617529642.6477 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-27T10:37:09+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-27T07:37:09Z", "ms": 1256629028963.5312 } }, "covered_min": 192, "window_min": 192, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 17:02 on Mon 26 Oct to 19:32 on Tue 27 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-26T14:01:59Z → 2009-10-27T16:32:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:23–10:37 on the 26th, 07:25–10:37 on the 27th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 193 minutes on the 26th and 192 of 192 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23128 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 2009 falls on Tuesday 27 October. Navamī runs from 17:02 on Mon 26 Oct to 19:32 on Tue 27 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15895, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-26T17:01:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-26T14:01:59Z", "ms": 1256565719122.2903 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-27T19:32:02+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-27T16:32:02Z", "ms": 1256661122183.6152 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-26T17:01:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-26T14:01:59Z", "ms": 1256565719122.2903 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-27T19:32:02+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-27T16:32:02Z", "ms": 1256661122183.6152 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-26T11:49:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-26T08:49:04Z", "ms": 1256546944039.9902 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-26T12:37:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-26T09:37:04Z", "ms": 1256549824039.9902 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-27T11:48:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-27T08:48:59Z", "ms": 1256633338623.973 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-27T12:36:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-27T09:36:59Z", "ms": 1256636218623.973 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 17:02 on Mon 26 Oct to 19:32 on Tue 27 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-26T14:01:59Z → 2009-10-27T16:32:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 26th, 11:49–12:37 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15895 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Durgā Navamī 2009 falls on Tuesday 27 October. Navamī runs from 17:02 on Mon 26 Oct to 19:32 on Tue 27 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-10-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30326, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-28T21:37:11+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-28T18:37:11Z", "ms": 1256755030609.711 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-29T23:06:22+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-29T20:06:22Z", "ms": 1256846782367.2334 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-28T21:37:11+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-28T18:37:11Z", "ms": 1256755030609.711 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-29T23:06:22+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-29T20:06:22Z", "ms": 1256846782367.2334 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-29T07:29:42+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-29T04:29:42Z", "ms": 1256790581749.0684 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-29T07:29:42+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-29T04:29:42Z", "ms": 1256790581749.0684 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-30T07:31:48+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-30T04:31:48Z", "ms": 1256877108007.5454 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-30T07:31:48+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-30T04:31:48Z", "ms": 1256877108007.5454 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:37 on Wed 28 Oct to 23:06 on Thu 29 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-28T18:37:11Z → 2009-10-29T20:06:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:30 on the 29th and 07:32 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 29th and is not on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30326 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Thursday 29 October. Ekādaśī runs from 21:37 on Wed 28 Oct to 23:06 on Thu 29 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-10-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-10-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18156, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-10-30T23:53:43+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-30T20:53:43Z", "ms": 1256936022755.0452 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-31T23:58:15+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-31T20:58:15Z", "ms": 1257022695459.66 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-10-30T23:53:43+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-30T20:53:43Z", "ms": 1256936022755.0452 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-31T23:58:15+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-31T20:58:15Z", "ms": 1257022695459.66 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-30T16:53:46+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-30T13:53:46Z", "ms": 1256910825657.458 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-30T18:51:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-30T15:51:07Z", "ms": 1256917866818.9778 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 117, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-10-31T16:51:34+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-31T13:51:34Z", "ms": 1256997094491.676 }, "end": { "local": "2009-10-31T18:49:30+03:00", "utc": "2009-10-31T15:49:30Z", "ms": 1257004170000.2354 } }, "covered_min": 118, "window_min": 118, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:54 on Fri 30 Oct to 23:58 on Sat 31 Oct.", "fact": "2009-10-30T20:53:43Z → 2009-10-31T20:58:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:54–18:51 on the 30th, 16:52–18:50 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 117 minutes on the 30th and 118 of 118 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18156 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Saturday 31 October. Trayodaśī runs from 23:54 on Fri 30 Oct to 23:58 on Sat 31 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-10-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1602, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-11-01T23:23:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-01T20:23:04Z", "ms": 1257106984106.1472 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-02T22:13:55+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-02T19:13:55Z", "ms": 1257189234566.7083 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-01T23:23:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-01T20:23:04Z", "ms": 1257106984106.1472 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-02T22:13:55+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-02T19:13:55Z", "ms": 1257189234566.7083 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-01T23:49:46+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-01T20:49:46Z", "ms": 1257108586055.58 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-02T00:37:46+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-01T21:37:46Z", "ms": 1257111466055.58 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-02T23:49:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-02T20:49:45Z", "ms": 1257194985245.5762 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-03T00:37:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-02T21:37:45Z", "ms": 1257197865245.5762 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:23 on Sun 1 Nov to 22:14 on Mon 2 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-01T20:23:04Z → 2009-11-02T19:13:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:50–00:38 on the 1st, 23:50–00:38 on the 2nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1602 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rāsayātrā 2009 falls on Sunday 1 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:23 on Sun 1 Nov to 22:14 on Mon 2 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34633, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-11-01T23:23:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-01T20:23:04Z", "ms": 1257106984106.1472 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-02T22:13:55+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-02T19:13:55Z", "ms": 1257189234566.7083 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-01T23:23:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-01T20:23:04Z", "ms": 1257106984106.1472 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-02T22:13:55+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-02T19:13:55Z", "ms": 1257189234566.7083 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-01T11:48:43+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-01T08:48:43Z", "ms": 1257065322813.522 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-01T12:36:43+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-01T09:36:43Z", "ms": 1257068202813.522 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-02T11:48:42+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-02T08:48:42Z", "ms": 1257151721995.1172 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-02T12:36:42+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-02T09:36:42Z", "ms": 1257154601995.1172 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:23 on Sun 1 Nov to 22:14 on Mon 2 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-01T20:23:04Z → 2009-11-02T19:13:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 1st, 11:49–12:37 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34633 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Moscow, 2009: Monday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 2009 falls on Monday 2 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:23 on Sun 1 Nov to 22:14 on Mon 2 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-11-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4373, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-11-05T16:35:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-05T13:35:59Z", "ms": 1257428158779.7969 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-06T14:23:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-06T11:23:24Z", "ms": 1257506604080.7095 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-05T16:35:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-05T13:35:59Z", "ms": 1257428158779.7969 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-06T14:23:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-06T11:23:24Z", "ms": 1257506604080.7095 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-05T17:48:51+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-05T14:48:51Z", "ms": 1257432531350.3975 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-05T17:48:51+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-05T14:48:51Z", "ms": 1257432531350.3975 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-06T18:59:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-06T15:59:36Z", "ms": 1257523176471.5334 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-06T18:59:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-06T15:59:36Z", "ms": 1257523176471.5334 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:36 on Thu 5 Nov to 14:23 on Fri 6 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-05T13:35:59Z → 2009-11-06T11:23:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 17:49 on the 5th and 19:00 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4373 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 5 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2009 falls on Thursday 5 November. Caturthī runs from 16:36 on Thu 5 Nov to 14:23 on Fri 6 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-11-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-11-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19817, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-11-12T02:28:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-11T23:28:49Z", "ms": 1257982129004.1697 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-13T01:00:29+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-12T22:00:29Z", "ms": 1258063229340.0176 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-12T02:28:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-11T23:28:49Z", "ms": 1257982129004.1697 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-13T01:00:29+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-12T22:00:29Z", "ms": 1258063229340.0176 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-12T07:59:06+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-12T04:59:06Z", "ms": 1258001946309.7498 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-12T07:59:06+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-12T04:59:06Z", "ms": 1258001946309.7498 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-13T08:01:10+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-13T05:01:10Z", "ms": 1258088470485.392 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-13T08:01:10+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-13T05:01:10Z", "ms": 1258088470485.392 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:29 on Thu 12 Nov to 01:00 on Fri 13 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-11T23:28:49Z → 2009-11-12T22:00:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:59 on the 12th and 08:01 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19817 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Thursday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Utpannā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Thursday 12 November. Ekādaśī runs from 02:29 on Thu 12 Nov to 01:00 on Fri 13 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-11-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-11-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15687, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-11-13T23:46:34+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-13T20:46:34Z", "ms": 1258145194394.6465 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-14T22:50:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-14T19:50:59Z", "ms": 1258228258952.373 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-13T23:46:34+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-13T20:46:34Z", "ms": 1258145194394.6465 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-14T22:50:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-14T19:50:59Z", "ms": 1258228258952.373 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-13T16:25:47+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-13T13:25:47Z", "ms": 1258118747005.9714 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-13T18:30:47+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-13T15:30:47Z", "ms": 1258126246616.0981 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 125, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-14T16:24:02+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-14T13:24:02Z", "ms": 1258205042340.1624 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-14T18:29:32+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-14T15:29:32Z", "ms": 1258212572297.4727 } }, "covered_min": 125, "window_min": 125, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:47 on Fri 13 Nov to 22:51 on Sat 14 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-13T20:46:34Z → 2009-11-14T19:50:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:26–18:31 on the 13th, 16:24–18:30 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 125 minutes on the 13th and 125 of 125 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15687 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Saturday 14 November. Trayodaśī runs from 23:47 on Fri 13 Nov to 22:51 on Sat 14 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-11-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3581, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-11-14T22:50:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-14T19:50:59Z", "ms": 1258228258952.373 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-15T22:18:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-15T19:18:24Z", "ms": 1258312703579.0369 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-14T22:50:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-14T19:50:59Z", "ms": 1258228258952.373 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-15T22:18:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-15T19:18:24Z", "ms": 1258312703579.0369 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-14T23:50:40+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-14T20:50:40Z", "ms": 1258231839680.076 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-15T00:38:40+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-14T21:38:40Z", "ms": 1258234719680.076 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-15T23:50:50+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-15T20:50:50Z", "ms": 1258318249639.5195 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-16T00:38:50+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-15T21:38:50Z", "ms": 1258321129639.5195 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:51 on Sat 14 Nov to 22:18 on Sun 15 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-14T19:50:59Z → 2009-11-15T19:18:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:51–00:39 on the 14th, 23:51–00:39 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3581 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2009 falls on Saturday 14 November. Caturdaśī runs from 22:51 on Sat 14 Nov to 22:18 on Sun 15 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-11-20", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29985, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-11-20T01:22:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-19T22:22:01Z", "ms": 1258669321444.6497 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-21T03:31:23+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-21T00:31:23Z", "ms": 1258763483290.8577 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-20T01:22:01+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-19T22:22:01Z", "ms": 1258669321444.6497 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-21T03:31:23+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-21T00:31:23Z", "ms": 1258763483290.8577 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-20T11:50:53+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-20T08:50:53Z", "ms": 1258707052867.394 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-20T12:38:53+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-20T09:38:53Z", "ms": 1258709932867.394 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-21T11:51:08+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-21T08:51:08Z", "ms": 1258793468195.2593 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-21T12:39:08+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-21T09:39:08Z", "ms": 1258796348195.2593 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:22 on Fri 20 Nov to 03:31 on Sat 21 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-19T22:22:01Z → 2009-11-21T00:31:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 20th, 11:51–12:39 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29985 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Friday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2009 falls on Friday 20 November. Caturthī runs from 01:22 on Fri 20 Nov to 03:31 on Sat 21 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-11-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20845, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2009-11-21T03:31:23+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-21T00:31:23Z", "ms": 1258763483290.8577 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-22T06:04:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-22T03:04:00Z", "ms": 1258859039794.0273 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-21T03:31:23+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-21T00:31:23Z", "ms": 1258763483290.8577 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-22T06:04:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-22T03:04:00Z", "ms": 1258859039794.0273 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-21T11:51:08+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-21T08:51:08Z", "ms": 1258793468195.2593 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-21T12:39:08+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-21T09:39:08Z", "ms": 1258796348195.2593 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-22T11:51:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-22T08:51:24Z", "ms": 1258879884316.5664 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-22T12:39:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-22T09:39:24Z", "ms": 1258882764316.5664 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 03:31 on Sat 21 Nov to 06:04 on Sun 22 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-21T00:31:23Z → 2009-11-22T03:04:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 21st, 11:51–12:39 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20845 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Moscow, 2009: Saturday 21 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 2009 falls on Saturday 21 November. Pañcamī runs from 03:31 on Sat 21 Nov to 06:04 on Sun 22 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11056, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2009-11-22T06:04:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-22T03:04:00Z", "ms": 1258859039794.0273 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-23T08:47:26+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-23T05:47:26Z", "ms": 1258955245715.4797 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-22T06:04:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-22T03:04:00Z", "ms": 1258859039794.0273 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-23T08:47:26+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-23T05:47:26Z", "ms": 1258955245715.4797 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-22T11:51:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-22T08:51:24Z", "ms": 1258879884316.5664 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-22T12:39:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-22T09:39:24Z", "ms": 1258882764316.5664 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-23T11:51:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-23T08:51:41Z", "ms": 1258966301218.3208 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-23T12:39:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-23T09:39:41Z", "ms": 1258969181218.3208 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:04 on Sun 22 Nov to 08:47 on Mon 23 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-22T03:04:00Z → 2009-11-23T05:47:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 22nd, 11:52–12:40 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11056 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 2009 falls on Sunday 22 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:04 on Sun 22 Nov to 08:47 on Mon 23 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11056, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2009-11-22T06:04:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-22T03:04:00Z", "ms": 1258859039794.0273 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-23T08:47:26+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-23T05:47:26Z", "ms": 1258955245715.4797 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-22T06:04:00+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-22T03:04:00Z", "ms": 1258859039794.0273 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-23T08:47:26+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-23T05:47:26Z", "ms": 1258955245715.4797 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-22T11:51:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-22T08:51:24Z", "ms": 1258879884316.5664 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-22T12:39:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-22T09:39:24Z", "ms": 1258882764316.5664 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-23T11:51:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-23T08:51:41Z", "ms": 1258966301218.3208 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-23T12:39:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-23T09:39:41Z", "ms": 1258969181218.3208 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:04 on Sun 22 Nov to 08:47 on Mon 23 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-22T03:04:00Z → 2009-11-23T05:47:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 22nd, 11:52–12:40 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11056 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 2009 falls on Sunday 22 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:04 on Sun 22 Nov to 08:47 on Mon 23 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1535, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2009-11-23T08:47:26+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-23T05:47:26Z", "ms": 1258955245715.4797 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-24T11:26:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-24T08:26:24Z", "ms": 1259051184324.7617 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-23T08:47:26+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-23T05:47:26Z", "ms": 1258955245715.4797 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-24T11:26:24+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-24T08:26:24Z", "ms": 1259051184324.7617 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-23T11:51:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-23T08:51:41Z", "ms": 1258966301218.3208 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-23T12:39:41+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-23T09:39:41Z", "ms": 1258969181218.3208 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-24T11:51:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-24T08:51:59Z", "ms": 1259052718886.904 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-24T12:39:59+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-24T09:39:59Z", "ms": 1259055598886.904 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 08:47 on Mon 23 Nov to 11:26 on Tue 24 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-23T05:47:26Z → 2009-11-24T08:26:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 23rd, 11:52–12:40 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1535 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Moscow, 2009: Monday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-23", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mitra Saptamī 2009 falls on Monday 23 November. Saptamī runs from 08:47 on Mon 23 Nov to 11:26 on Tue 24 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-11-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28947, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-11-27T16:30:55+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-27T13:30:55Z", "ms": 1259328654555.803 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-28T16:43:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-28T13:43:49Z", "ms": 1259415828577.891 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-27T16:30:55+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-27T13:30:55Z", "ms": 1259328654555.803 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-28T16:43:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-28T13:43:49Z", "ms": 1259415828577.891 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-27T08:28:28+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-27T05:28:28Z", "ms": 1259299707905.591 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-27T08:28:28+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-27T05:28:28Z", "ms": 1259299707905.591 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-28T08:30:14+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-28T05:30:14Z", "ms": 1259386213787.0972 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-28T08:30:14+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-28T05:30:14Z", "ms": 1259386213787.0972 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:31 on Fri 27 Nov to 16:44 on Sat 28 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-27T13:30:55Z → 2009-11-28T13:43:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 08:28 on the 27th and 08:30 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28947 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Saturday 28 November. Ekādaśī runs from 16:31 on Fri 27 Nov to 16:44 on Sat 28 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12430, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-11-28T16:43:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-28T13:43:49Z", "ms": 1259415828577.891 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-29T16:08:48+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-29T13:08:48Z", "ms": 1259500127898.5027 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-28T16:43:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-28T13:43:49Z", "ms": 1259415828577.891 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-29T16:08:48+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-29T13:08:48Z", "ms": 1259500127898.5027 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-28T11:53:17+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-28T08:53:17Z", "ms": 1259398396936.2576 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-28T12:41:17+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-28T09:41:17Z", "ms": 1259401276936.2576 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-29T11:53:38+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-29T08:53:38Z", "ms": 1259484818214.71 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-29T12:41:38+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-29T09:41:38Z", "ms": 1259487698214.71 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 16:44 on Sat 28 Nov to 16:09 on Sun 29 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-28T13:43:49Z → 2009-11-29T13:08:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 28th, 11:54–12:42 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12430 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 2009 falls on Sunday 29 November. Dvādaśī runs from 16:44 on Sat 28 Nov to 16:09 on Sun 29 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-11-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 329, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-11-29T16:08:48+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-29T13:08:48Z", "ms": 1259500127898.5027 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-30T14:50:03+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-30T11:50:03Z", "ms": 1259581803443.9177 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-11-29T16:08:48+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-29T13:08:48Z", "ms": 1259500127898.5027 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-30T14:50:03+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-30T11:50:03Z", "ms": 1259581803443.9177 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-29T16:03:19+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-29T13:03:19Z", "ms": 1259499798786.9187 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-29T18:15:22+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-29T15:15:22Z", "ms": 1259507721530.9111 } }, "covered_min": 127, "window_min": 132, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-11-30T16:02:21+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-30T13:02:21Z", "ms": 1259586140967.9165 }, "end": { "local": "2009-11-30T18:14:45+03:00", "utc": "2009-11-30T15:14:45Z", "ms": 1259594084686.3035 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 132, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:09 on Sun 29 Nov to 14:50 on Mon 30 Nov.", "fact": "2009-11-29T13:08:48Z → 2009-11-30T11:50:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:03–18:15 on the 29th, 16:02–18:15 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 127 of 132 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 132 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 329 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-11-29", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Sunday 29 November. Trayodaśī runs from 16:09 on Sun 29 Nov to 14:50 on Mon 30 Nov and covers 127 of 132 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-11-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-12-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11219, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2009-12-01T12:54:28+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-01T09:54:28Z", "ms": 1259661267893.0513 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-02T10:30:27+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-02T07:30:27Z", "ms": 1259739026900.5215 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-12-01T12:54:28+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-01T09:54:28Z", "ms": 1259661267893.0513 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-02T10:30:27+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-02T07:30:27Z", "ms": 1259739026900.5215 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-01T16:01:27+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-01T13:01:27Z", "ms": 1259672486699.8997 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-01T18:14:11+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-01T15:14:11Z", "ms": 1259680450607.2979 } }, "covered_min": 133, "window_min": 133, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-02T16:00:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-02T13:00:36Z", "ms": 1259758836053.6091 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-02T18:13:39+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-02T15:13:39Z", "ms": 1259766819341.3235 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 133, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:54 on Tue 1 Dec to 10:30 on Wed 2 Dec.", "fact": "2009-12-01T09:54:28Z → 2009-12-02T07:30:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:01–18:14 on the 1st, 16:01–18:14 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 133 of 133 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 133 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11219 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 1 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 2009 falls on Tuesday 1 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:54 on Tue 1 Dec to 10:30 on Wed 2 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-12-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12617, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-12-05T01:57:27+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-04T22:57:27Z", "ms": 1259967446740.0806 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-05T23:07:06+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-05T20:07:06Z", "ms": 1260043626149.9802 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-12-05T01:57:27+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-04T22:57:27Z", "ms": 1259967446740.0806 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-05T23:07:06+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-05T20:07:06Z", "ms": 1260043626149.9802 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-04T18:04:10+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-04T15:04:10Z", "ms": 1259939049796.483 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-04T18:04:10+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-04T15:04:10Z", "ms": 1259939049796.483 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-05T19:36:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-05T16:36:49Z", "ms": 1260031009253.4595 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-05T19:36:49+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-05T16:36:49Z", "ms": 1260031009253.4595 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:57 on Sat 5 Dec to 23:07 on Sat 5 Dec.", "fact": "2009-12-04T22:57:27Z → 2009-12-05T20:07:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 18:04 on the 4th and 19:37 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12617 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2009 falls on Saturday 5 December. Caturthī runs from 01:57 on Sat 5 Dec to 23:07 on Sat 5 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2009-12-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-12-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-12-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11506, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-12-11T12:24:53+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-11T09:24:53Z", "ms": 1260523493410.788 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-12T12:02:22+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-12T09:02:22Z", "ms": 1260608541887.0422 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-12-11T12:24:53+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-11T09:24:53Z", "ms": 1260523493410.788 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-12T12:02:22+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-12T09:02:22Z", "ms": 1260608541887.0422 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-11T08:49:28+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-11T05:49:28Z", "ms": 1260510567719.8027 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-11T08:49:28+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-11T05:49:28Z", "ms": 1260510567719.8027 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-12T08:50:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-12T05:50:36Z", "ms": 1260597035703.3948 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-12T08:50:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-12T05:50:36Z", "ms": 1260597035703.3948 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:25 on Fri 11 Dec to 12:02 on Sat 12 Dec.", "fact": "2009-12-11T09:24:53Z → 2009-12-12T09:02:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 08:49 on the 11th and 08:51 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11506 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Saturday 12 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saphalā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Saturday 12 December. Ekādaśī runs from 12:25 on Fri 11 Dec to 12:02 on Sat 12 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-12-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-12-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-12-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11897, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-12-13T12:06:18+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-13T09:06:18Z", "ms": 1260695177821.849 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-14T12:37:17+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-14T09:37:17Z", "ms": 1260783437097.4875 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-12-13T12:06:18+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-13T09:06:18Z", "ms": 1260695177821.849 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-14T12:37:17+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-14T09:37:17Z", "ms": 1260783437097.4875 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-13T15:55:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-13T12:55:36Z", "ms": 1260708936316.0784 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-13T18:11:13+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-13T15:11:13Z", "ms": 1260717072962.9585 } }, "covered_min": 136, "window_min": 136, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-14T15:55:34+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-14T12:55:34Z", "ms": 1260795333738.4146 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-14T18:11:18+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-14T15:11:18Z", "ms": 1260803478369.76 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 136, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:06 on Sun 13 Dec to 12:37 on Mon 14 Dec.", "fact": "2009-12-13T09:06:18Z → 2009-12-14T09:37:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 15:56–18:11 on the 13th, 15:56–18:11 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 136 of 136 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 136 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11897 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 13 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Sunday 13 December. Trayodaśī runs from 12:06 on Sun 13 Dec to 12:37 on Mon 14 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-12-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-12-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37512, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-12-14T12:37:17+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-14T09:37:17Z", "ms": 1260783437097.4875 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-15T13:35:52+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-15T10:35:52Z", "ms": 1260873351600.0347 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-12-14T12:37:17+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-14T09:37:17Z", "ms": 1260783437097.4875 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-15T13:35:52+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-15T10:35:52Z", "ms": 1260873351600.0347 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-15T00:00:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-14T21:00:36Z", "ms": 1260824436105.9597 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-15T00:48:36+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-14T21:48:36Z", "ms": 1260827316105.9597 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-16T00:01:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-15T21:01:04Z", "ms": 1260910863723.8088 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-16T00:49:04+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-15T21:49:04Z", "ms": 1260913743723.8088 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:37 on Mon 14 Dec to 13:36 on Tue 15 Dec.", "fact": "2009-12-14T09:37:17Z → 2009-12-15T10:35:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:01–00:49 on the 14th, 00:01–00:49 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37512 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2009: Monday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2009 falls on Monday 14 December. Caturdaśī runs from 12:37 on Mon 14 Dec to 13:36 on Tue 15 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/shivaratri?on=2009-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-12-20", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-12-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32161, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2009-12-19T21:46:38+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-19T18:46:38Z", "ms": 1261248398370.957 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-21T00:31:40+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-20T21:31:40Z", "ms": 1261344699548.0654 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-12-19T21:46:38+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-19T18:46:38Z", "ms": 1261248398370.957 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-21T00:31:40+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-20T21:31:40Z", "ms": 1261344699548.0654 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-12-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-19T12:02:37+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-19T09:02:37Z", "ms": 1261213357052.6628 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-19T12:50:37+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-19T09:50:37Z", "ms": 1261216237052.6628 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-12-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-20T12:03:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-20T09:03:07Z", "ms": 1261299787442.2817 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-20T12:51:07+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-20T09:51:07Z", "ms": 1261302667442.2817 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:47 on Sat 19 Dec to 00:32 on Mon 21 Dec.", "fact": "2009-12-19T18:46:38Z → 2009-12-20T21:31:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:03–12:51 on the 19th, 12:03–12:51 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32161 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 20 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2009 falls on Sunday 20 December. Caturthī runs from 21:47 on Sat 19 Dec to 00:32 on Mon 21 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2009-12-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-12-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-12-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1296, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-12-27T09:39:35+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-27T06:39:35Z", "ms": 1261895975294.7188 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-28T08:38:28+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-28T05:38:28Z", "ms": 1261978707603.4578 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-12-27T09:39:35+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-27T06:39:35Z", "ms": 1261895975294.7188 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-28T08:38:28+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-28T05:38:28Z", "ms": 1261978707603.4578 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-27T08:59:58+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-27T05:59:58Z", "ms": 1261893598339.1948 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-27T08:59:58+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-27T05:59:58Z", "ms": 1261893598339.1948 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2009-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-28T09:00:03+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-28T06:00:03Z", "ms": 1261980003145.0432 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-28T09:00:03+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-28T06:00:03Z", "ms": 1261980003145.0432 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:40 on Sun 27 Dec to 08:38 on Mon 28 Dec.", "fact": "2009-12-27T06:39:35Z → 2009-12-28T05:38:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 09:00 on the 27th and 09:00 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 1296 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2009: Sunday 27 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Putradā Ekādaśī 2009 falls on Sunday 27 December. Ekādaśī runs from 09:40 on Sun 27 Dec to 08:38 on Mon 28 Dec, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/ekadashi?on=2009-12-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-12-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2009, "local_date": "2009-12-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33088, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2009-12-29T06:51:48+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-29T03:51:48Z", "ms": 1262058707617.4487 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-30T04:26:13+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-30T01:26:13Z", "ms": 1262136372876.599 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2009-12-29T06:51:48+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-29T03:51:48Z", "ms": 1262058707617.4487 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-30T04:26:13+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-30T01:26:13Z", "ms": 1262136372876.599 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2009-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-29T16:03:16+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-29T13:03:16Z", "ms": 1262091795682.9614 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-29T18:18:50+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-29T15:18:50Z", "ms": 1262099929618.7473 } }, "covered_min": 136, "window_min": 136, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2009-12-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2009-12-30T16:04:18+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-30T13:04:18Z", "ms": 1262178258220.616 }, "end": { "local": "2009-12-30T18:19:43+03:00", "utc": "2009-12-30T15:19:43Z", "ms": 1262186382789.402 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 135, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:52 on Tue 29 Dec to 04:26 on Wed 30 Dec.", "fact": "2009-12-29T03:51:48Z → 2009-12-30T01:26:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:03–18:19 on the 29th, 16:04–18:20 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 136 of 136 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 135 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33088 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2009: Tuesday 29 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2009-12-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2009 falls on Tuesday 29 December. Trayodaśī runs from 06:52 on Tue 29 Dec to 04:26 on Wed 30 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2009/pradosha-vrata?on=2009-12-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }