{ "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013", "place": { "id": "524901", "slug": "moscow", "name": "Moscow", "region": "Russia", "country": "RU", "lat": 55.75204, "lon": 37.61781, "elevation_m": 155, "tz": "Europe/Moscow" }, "year": 2013, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-01-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10537, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-07T15:31:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-07T11:31:06Z", "ms": 1357558265583.9038 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-08T12:51:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-08T08:51:49Z", "ms": 1357635109148.283 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-07T15:31:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-07T11:31:06Z", "ms": 1357558265583.9038 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-08T12:51:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-08T08:51:49Z", "ms": 1357635109148.283 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-07T09:56:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-07T05:56:53Z", "ms": 1357538212967.7224 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-07T09:56:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-07T05:56:53Z", "ms": 1357538212967.7224 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-08T09:56:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-08T05:56:12Z", "ms": 1357624572249.0723 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-08T09:56:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-08T05:56:12Z", "ms": 1357624572249.0723 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:31 on Mon 7 Jan to 12:52 on Tue 8 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-07T11:31:06Z → 2013-01-08T08:51:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 09:57 on the 7th and 09:56 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10537 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saphalā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 8 January. Ekādaśī runs from 15:31 on Mon 7 Jan to 12:52 on Tue 8 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-01-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26926, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-09T09:49:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-09T05:49:31Z", "ms": 1357710571147.1858 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-10T06:31:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T02:31:24Z", "ms": 1357785084107.3823 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-09T09:49:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-09T05:49:31Z", "ms": 1357710571147.1858 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-10T06:31:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T02:31:24Z", "ms": 1357785084107.3823 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-09T17:18:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-09T13:18:17Z", "ms": 1357737497153.4023 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-09T19:31:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-09T15:31:08Z", "ms": 1357745468144.537 } }, "covered_min": 133, "window_min": 133, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-10T17:19:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T13:19:55Z", "ms": 1357823995368.589 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-10T19:32:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T15:32:26Z", "ms": 1357831946354.786 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 133, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:50 on Wed 9 Jan to 06:31 on Thu 10 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-09T05:49:31Z → 2013-01-10T02:31:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:18–19:31 on the 9th, 17:20–19:32 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 133 of 133 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 133 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26926 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 9 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Wednesday 9 January. Trayodaśī runs from 09:50 on Wed 9 Jan to 06:31 on Thu 10 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-01-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-01-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3918, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-10T06:31:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T02:31:24Z", "ms": 1357785084107.3823 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-11T03:06:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T23:06:10Z", "ms": 1357859169675.7224 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-10T06:31:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T02:31:24Z", "ms": 1357785084107.3823 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-11T03:06:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T23:06:10Z", "ms": 1357859169675.7224 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-10T01:12:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-09T21:12:28Z", "ms": 1357765948370.1575 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-10T02:00:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-09T22:00:28Z", "ms": 1357768828370.1575 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-01-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-11T01:12:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T21:12:52Z", "ms": 1357852371566.827 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-11T02:00:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-10T22:00:52Z", "ms": 1357855251566.827 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:31 on Thu 10 Jan to 03:06 on Fri 11 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-10T02:31:24Z → 2013-01-10T23:06:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:12–02:00 on the 9th, 01:13–02:01 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3918 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 10 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Thursday 10 January. Caturdaśī runs from 06:31 on Thu 10 Jan to 03:06 on Fri 11 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-01-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 43058, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T05:29:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-12T18:30:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-12T14:30:48Z", "ms": 1360679448174.2844 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T05:29:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T05:29:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-13T17:25:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-13T13:25:05Z", "ms": 1358083504505.7239 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T17:26:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T13:26:52Z", "ms": 1358170011985.8618 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T17:26:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T13:26:52Z", "ms": 1358170011985.8618 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T17:28:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T13:28:41Z", "ms": 1358256521489.652 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:29 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:27, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:29.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 43058 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Monday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2013-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2013-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Bhogi 2013 falls on Sunday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:29 on Mon 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 12 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 43058, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T05:29:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-12T18:30:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-12T14:30:48Z", "ms": 1360679448174.2844 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T05:29:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T05:29:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-13T17:25:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-13T13:25:05Z", "ms": 1358083504505.7239 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T17:26:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T13:26:52Z", "ms": 1358170011985.8618 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T17:26:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T13:26:52Z", "ms": 1358170011985.8618 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T17:28:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T13:28:41Z", "ms": 1358256521489.652 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:29 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:27, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:29.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 43058 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Moscow, 2013: Monday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2013-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Pongal 2013 falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:29 on Mon 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19754, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T05:29:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-12T18:30:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-12T14:30:48Z", "ms": 1360679448174.2844 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T05:29:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T05:29:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-13T00:00:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-12T20:00:00Z", "ms": 1358020800000 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T00:00:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-13T20:00:00Z", "ms": 1358107200000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T00:00:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-13T20:00:00Z", "ms": 1358107200000 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T00:00:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T20:00:00Z", "ms": 1358193600000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:29 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Moscow.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Europe/Moscow" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 19754 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Moscow, 2013: Monday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2013-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Makara Saṅkrānti 2013 falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:29 on Mon 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 43058, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T05:29:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-12T18:30:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-12T14:30:48Z", "ms": 1360679448174.2844 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T05:29:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T05:29:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z", "ms": 1358126953855.889 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-13T17:25:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-13T13:25:05Z", "ms": 1358083504505.7239 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T17:26:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T13:26:52Z", "ms": 1358170011985.8618 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T17:26:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T13:26:52Z", "ms": 1358170011985.8618 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T17:28:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T13:28:41Z", "ms": 1358256521489.652 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 05:29 on Mon 14 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-14T01:29:14Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:27, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:29.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 43058 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Monday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2013-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "2013-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mattu Pongal 2013 falls on Tuesday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Monday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 05:29 on Mon 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-01-15", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 412, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T15:37:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T11:37:52Z", "ms": 1358163471615.7856 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T14:10:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T10:10:06Z", "ms": 1358244605901.51 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T15:37:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T11:37:52Z", "ms": 1358163471615.7856 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T14:10:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T10:10:06Z", "ms": 1358244605901.51 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-14T13:14:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T09:14:52Z", "ms": 1358154891538.441 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-14T14:02:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-14T10:02:52Z", "ms": 1358157771538.441 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-15T13:15:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T09:15:13Z", "ms": 1358241313419.209 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-15T14:03:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-15T10:03:13Z", "ms": 1358244193419.209 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:38 on Mon 14 Jan to 14:10 on Tue 15 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-14T11:37:52Z → 2013-01-15T10:10:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:15–14:03 on the 14th, 13:15–14:03 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 412 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Tuesday 15 January. Caturthī runs from 15:38 on Mon 14 Jan to 14:10 on Tue 15 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-01-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-01-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32450, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-21T21:52:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-21T17:52:34Z", "ms": 1358790754264.6921 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-23T00:38:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-22T20:38:17Z", "ms": 1358887096819.1448 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-21T21:52:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-21T17:52:34Z", "ms": 1358790754264.6921 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-23T00:38:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-22T20:38:17Z", "ms": 1358887096819.1448 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-22T09:40:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-22T05:40:37Z", "ms": 1358833236589.6296 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-22T09:40:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-22T05:40:37Z", "ms": 1358833236589.6296 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-23T09:39:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-23T05:39:06Z", "ms": 1358919546447.7593 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-23T09:39:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-23T05:39:06Z", "ms": 1358919546447.7593 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:53 on Mon 21 Jan to 00:38 on Wed 23 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-21T17:52:34Z → 2013-01-22T20:38:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 09:41 on the 22nd and 09:39 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32450 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 22 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Putradā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 22 January. Ekādaśī runs from 21:53 on Mon 21 Jan to 00:38 on Wed 23 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-01-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-01-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26535, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-24T03:13:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-23T23:13:38Z", "ms": 1358982818114.7886 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-25T05:28:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-25T01:28:44Z", "ms": 1359077323525.7825 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-24T03:13:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-23T23:13:38Z", "ms": 1358982818114.7886 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-25T05:28:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-25T01:28:44Z", "ms": 1359077323525.7825 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-23T17:44:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-23T13:44:17Z", "ms": 1358948657362.013 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-23T19:51:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-23T15:51:24Z", "ms": 1358956283526.7173 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 127, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-24T17:46:20+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-24T13:46:20Z", "ms": 1359035180314.455 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-24T19:52:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-24T15:52:57Z", "ms": 1359042777354.3516 } }, "covered_min": 127, "window_min": 127, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:14 on Thu 24 Jan to 05:29 on Fri 25 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-23T23:13:38Z → 2013-01-25T01:28:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:44–19:51 on the 23rd, 17:46–19:53 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 127 minutes on the 23rd and 127 of 127 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26535 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Thursday 24 January. Trayodaśī runs from 03:14 on Thu 24 Jan to 05:29 on Fri 25 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-01-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-01-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40459, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-01-30T10:01:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-30T06:01:10Z", "ms": 1359525669673.5825 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-31T09:42:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-31T05:42:38Z", "ms": 1359610957683.6536 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-01-30T10:01:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-30T06:01:10Z", "ms": 1359525669673.5825 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-31T09:42:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-31T05:42:38Z", "ms": 1359610957683.6536 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-01-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-29T21:12:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-29T17:12:28Z", "ms": 1359479547954.2268 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-29T21:12:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-29T17:12:28Z", "ms": 1359479547954.2268 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-01-30T22:28:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-30T18:28:19Z", "ms": 1359570499151.5776 }, "end": { "local": "2013-01-30T22:28:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-01-30T18:28:19Z", "ms": 1359570499151.5776 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:01 on Wed 30 Jan to 09:43 on Thu 31 Jan.", "fact": "2013-01-30T06:01:10Z → 2013-01-31T05:42:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:12 on the 29th and 22:28 on the 30th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 40459 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Wednesday 30 January. Caturthī runs from 10:01 on Wed 30 Jan to 09:43 on Thu 31 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-01-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-02-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30704, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-06T00:42:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-05T20:42:09Z", "ms": 1360096929354.7966 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-06T22:06:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-06T18:06:56Z", "ms": 1360174015585.076 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-06T00:42:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-05T20:42:09Z", "ms": 1360096929354.7966 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-06T22:06:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-06T18:06:56Z", "ms": 1360174015585.076 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-06T09:13:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-06T05:13:53Z", "ms": 1360127633171.377 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-06T09:13:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-06T05:13:53Z", "ms": 1360127633171.377 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-07T09:11:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-07T05:11:50Z", "ms": 1360213909897.3955 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-07T09:11:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-07T05:11:50Z", "ms": 1360213909897.3955 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:42 on Wed 6 Feb to 22:07 on Wed 6 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-05T20:42:09Z → 2013-02-06T18:06:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 09:14 on the 6th and 09:12 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30704 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 6 February. Ekādaśī runs from 00:42 on Wed 6 Feb to 22:07 on Wed 6 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-02-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-02-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3230, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-07T19:21:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-07T15:21:34Z", "ms": 1360250493526.8403 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-08T16:32:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z", "ms": 1360326776163.26 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-07T19:21:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-07T15:21:34Z", "ms": 1360250493526.8403 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-08T16:32:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z", "ms": 1360326776163.26 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-07T18:16:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-07T14:16:15Z", "ms": 1360246575483.6052 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-07T20:15:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-07T16:15:23Z", "ms": 1360253723411.038 } }, "covered_min": 54, "window_min": 119, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T18:18:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T14:18:26Z", "ms": 1360333106416.3948 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-08T20:17:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T16:17:00Z", "ms": 1360340220007.969 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 119, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:22 on Thu 7 Feb to 16:33 on Fri 8 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-07T15:21:34Z → 2013-02-08T12:32:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:16–20:15 on the 7th, 18:18–20:17 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 54 of 119 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 119 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3230 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Thursday 7 February. Trayodaśī runs from 19:22 on Thu 7 Feb to 16:33 on Fri 8 Feb and covers 54 of 119 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-02-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31566, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T16:32:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z", "ms": 1360326776163.26 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-09T13:49:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T09:49:21Z", "ms": 1360403361464.4897 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T16:32:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z", "ms": 1360326776163.26 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-09T13:49:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T09:49:21Z", "ms": 1360403361464.4897 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-09T01:19:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T21:19:02Z", "ms": 1360358342384.7979 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-09T02:07:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T22:07:02Z", "ms": 1360361222384.7979 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-10T01:19:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T21:19:04Z", "ms": 1360444743800.3625 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-10T02:07:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T22:07:04Z", "ms": 1360447623800.3625 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:33 on Fri 8 Feb to 13:49 on Sat 9 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z → 2013-02-09T09:49:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:19–02:07 on the 8th, 01:19–02:07 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31566 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Friday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Friday 8 February. Caturdaśī runs from 16:33 on Fri 8 Feb to 13:49 on Sat 9 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-02-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16903, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T16:32:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z", "ms": 1360326776163.26 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-09T13:49:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T09:49:21Z", "ms": 1360403361464.4897 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T16:32:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z", "ms": 1360326776163.26 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-09T13:49:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T09:49:21Z", "ms": 1360403361464.4897 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-08T07:10:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T03:10:37Z", "ms": 1360293037011.919 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-08T09:09:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-08T05:09:45Z", "ms": 1360300184939.3518 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 119, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-09T07:09:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T03:09:05Z", "ms": 1360379344761.627 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-09T09:07:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-09T05:07:38Z", "ms": 1360386458353.2012 } }, "covered_min": 119, "window_min": 119, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:33 on Fri 8 Feb to 13:49 on Sat 9 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-08T12:32:56Z → 2013-02-09T09:49:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 07:11–09:10 on the 8th, 07:09–09:08 on the 9th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 119 minutes on the 8th and 119 of 119 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16903 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 9 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Yama Tarpaṇa 2013 falls on Saturday 9 February. Caturdaśī runs from 16:33 on Fri 8 Feb to 13:49 on Sat 9 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23246, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-13T06:52:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T02:52:43Z", "ms": 1360723962858.883 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T06:49:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-13T06:52:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T02:52:43Z", "ms": 1360723962858.883 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T06:49:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-13T13:20:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T09:20:09Z", "ms": 1360747208916.0825 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-13T14:08:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T10:08:09Z", "ms": 1360750088916.0825 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T13:20:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T09:20:07Z", "ms": 1360833607258.6504 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T14:08:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T10:08:07Z", "ms": 1360836487258.6504 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:53 on Wed 13 Feb to 06:49 on Thu 14 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-13T02:52:43Z → 2013-02-14T02:49:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:20–14:08 on the 13th, 13:20–14:08 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 23246 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 13 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 2013 falls on Wednesday 13 February. Caturthī runs from 06:53 on Wed 13 Feb to 06:49 on Thu 14 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37469, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-13T06:52:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T02:52:43Z", "ms": 1360723962858.883 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T06:49:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-13T06:52:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T02:52:43Z", "ms": 1360723962858.883 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T06:49:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-12T18:27:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-12T14:27:10Z", "ms": 1360679230273.9573 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-12T20:23:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-12T16:23:24Z", "ms": 1360686204474.1973 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 116, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-13T18:29:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T14:29:21Z", "ms": 1360765761056.4072 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-13T20:25:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-13T16:25:00Z", "ms": 1360772699958.7441 } }, "covered_min": 116, "window_min": 116, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:53 on Wed 13 Feb to 06:49 on Thu 14 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-13T02:52:43Z → 2013-02-14T02:49:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:27–20:23 on the 12th, 18:29–20:25 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 116 minutes on the 12th and 116 of 116 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37469 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 13 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Tila Caturthī 2013 falls on Wednesday 13 February. Caturthī runs from 06:53 on Wed 13 Feb to 06:49 on Thu 14 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20692, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T06:49:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-15T07:35:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T03:35:13Z", "ms": 1360899313135.864 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T06:49:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-15T07:35:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T03:35:13Z", "ms": 1360899313135.864 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T13:20:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T09:20:07Z", "ms": 1360833607258.6504 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T14:08:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T10:08:07Z", "ms": 1360836487258.6504 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-15T13:20:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T09:20:05Z", "ms": 1360920004850.7817 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-15T14:08:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T10:08:05Z", "ms": 1360922884850.7817 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 06:49 on Thu 14 Feb to 07:35 on Fri 15 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z → 2013-02-15T03:35:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:20–14:08 on the 14th, 13:20–14:08 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20692 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 14 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śrī Pañcamī 2013 falls on Thursday 14 February. Pañcamī runs from 06:49 on Thu 14 Feb to 07:35 on Fri 15 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20692, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T06:49:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-15T07:35:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T03:35:13Z", "ms": 1360899313135.864 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T06:49:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z", "ms": 1360810169009.8672 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-15T07:35:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T03:35:13Z", "ms": 1360899313135.864 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-14T13:20:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T09:20:07Z", "ms": 1360833607258.6504 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-14T14:08:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-14T10:08:07Z", "ms": 1360836487258.6504 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-15T13:20:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T09:20:05Z", "ms": 1360920004850.7817 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-15T14:08:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-15T10:08:05Z", "ms": 1360922884850.7817 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 06:49 on Thu 14 Feb to 07:35 on Fri 15 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-14T02:49:29Z → 2013-02-15T03:35:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:20–14:08 on the 14th, 13:20–14:08 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20692 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 14 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vasanta Pañcamī 2013 falls on Thursday 14 February. Pañcamī runs from 06:49 on Thu 14 Feb to 07:35 on Fri 15 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 881, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-16T09:06:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-16T05:06:52Z", "ms": 1360991212126.7375 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-17T11:15:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-17T07:15:59Z", "ms": 1361085358688.4575 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-16T09:06:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-16T05:06:52Z", "ms": 1360991212126.7375 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-17T11:15:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-17T07:15:59Z", "ms": 1361085358688.4575 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-16T06:57:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-16T02:57:43Z", "ms": 1360983463147.3936 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-16T08:52:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-16T04:52:11Z", "ms": 1360990330992.4236 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-17T06:56:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-17T02:56:01Z", "ms": 1361069761101.9143 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-17T08:49:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-17T04:49:53Z", "ms": 1361076593207.8047 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 09:07 on Sat 16 Feb to 11:16 on Sun 17 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-16T05:06:52Z → 2013-02-17T07:15:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 06:58–08:52 on the 16th, 06:56–08:50 on the 17th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 114 minutes on the 16th and 114 of 114 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 881 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ratha Saptamī 2013 falls on Sunday 17 February. Saptamī runs from 09:07 on Sat 16 Feb to 11:16 on Sun 17 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-02-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37279, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-20T19:04:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-20T15:04:12Z", "ms": 1361372652085.3782 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-21T21:15:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T17:15:52Z", "ms": 1361466951868.8271 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-20T19:04:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-20T15:04:12Z", "ms": 1361372652085.3782 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-21T21:15:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T17:15:52Z", "ms": 1361466951868.8271 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-20T08:42:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-20T04:42:53Z", "ms": 1361335372933.0725 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-20T08:42:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-20T04:42:53Z", "ms": 1361335372933.0725 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-21T08:40:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T04:40:31Z", "ms": 1361421630683.7505 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-21T08:40:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T04:40:31Z", "ms": 1361421630683.7505 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:04 on Wed 20 Feb to 21:16 on Thu 21 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-20T15:04:12Z → 2013-02-21T17:15:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 08:43 on the 20th and 08:41 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37279 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 21 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Jayā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Thursday 21 February. Ekādaśī runs from 19:04 on Wed 20 Feb to 21:16 on Thu 21 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-02-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25697, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-21T21:15:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T17:15:52Z", "ms": 1361466951868.8271 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-22T22:56:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T18:56:26Z", "ms": 1361559385973.5261 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-21T21:15:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T17:15:52Z", "ms": 1361466951868.8271 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-22T22:56:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T18:56:26Z", "ms": 1361559385973.5261 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-21T13:19:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T09:19:35Z", "ms": 1361438375317.4739 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-21T14:07:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-21T10:07:35Z", "ms": 1361441255317.4739 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-22T13:19:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T09:19:28Z", "ms": 1361524768015.6758 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-22T14:07:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T10:07:28Z", "ms": 1361527648015.6758 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 21:16 on Thu 21 Feb to 22:56 on Fri 22 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-21T17:15:52Z → 2013-02-22T18:56:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:20–14:08 on the 21st, 13:19–14:07 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25697 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Friday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 2013 falls on Friday 22 February. Dvādaśī runs from 21:16 on Thu 21 Feb to 22:56 on Fri 22 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-02-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8242, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-22T22:56:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T18:56:26Z", "ms": 1361559385973.5261 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-24T00:01:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-23T20:01:21Z", "ms": 1361649681060.147 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-22T22:56:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T18:56:26Z", "ms": 1361559385973.5261 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-24T00:01:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-23T20:01:21Z", "ms": 1361649681060.147 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-22T18:48:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T14:48:49Z", "ms": 1361544528603.291 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-22T20:39:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-22T16:39:04Z", "ms": 1361551143883.9546 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-23T18:50:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-23T14:50:57Z", "ms": 1361631056948.4548 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-23T20:40:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-23T16:40:36Z", "ms": 1361637635764.1038 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:56 on Fri 22 Feb to 00:01 on Sun 24 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-22T18:56:26Z → 2013-02-23T20:01:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:49–20:39 on the 22nd, 18:51–20:41 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 110 minutes on the 22nd and 110 of 110 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8242 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 23 February. Trayodaśī runs from 22:56 on Fri 22 Feb to 00:01 on Sun 24 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-02-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37142, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-02-25T00:30:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-24T20:30:18Z", "ms": 1361737818083.2754 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-26T00:26:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-25T20:26:04Z", "ms": 1361823963920.3018 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-25T00:30:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-24T20:30:18Z", "ms": 1361737818083.2754 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-26T00:26:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-25T20:26:04Z", "ms": 1361823963920.3018 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-24T13:19:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-24T09:19:12Z", "ms": 1361697551524.3145 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-24T14:07:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-24T10:07:12Z", "ms": 1361700431524.3145 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-02-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-25T13:19:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-25T09:19:02Z", "ms": 1361783942373.246 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-25T14:07:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-25T10:07:02Z", "ms": 1361786822373.246 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:30 on Mon 25 Feb to 00:26 on Tue 26 Feb.", "fact": "2013-02-24T20:30:18Z → 2013-02-25T20:26:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:19–14:07 on the 24th, 13:19–14:07 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37142 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Moscow, 2013: Monday 25 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Māghī Pūrṇimā 2013 falls on Monday 25 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:30 on Mon 25 Feb to 00:26 on Tue 26 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-02-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-02-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4090, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-02-28T21:42:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-28T17:42:45Z", "ms": 1362073365082.5352 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-01T20:14:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-01T16:14:25Z", "ms": 1362154465452.0244 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-02-28T21:42:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-28T17:42:45Z", "ms": 1362073365082.5352 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-01T20:14:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-01T16:14:25Z", "ms": 1362154465452.0244 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-02-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-02-28T22:50:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-28T18:50:55Z", "ms": 1362077455073.7373 }, "end": { "local": "2013-02-28T22:50:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-02-28T18:50:55Z", "ms": 1362077455073.7373 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-02T00:11:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-01T20:11:25Z", "ms": 1362168684933.687 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-02T00:11:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-01T20:11:25Z", "ms": 1362168684933.687 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:43 on Thu 28 Feb to 20:14 on Fri 1 Mar.", "fact": "2013-02-28T17:42:45Z → 2013-03-01T16:14:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:51 on the 28th and 00:11 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4090 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 28 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-02-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Thursday 28 February. Caturthī runs from 21:43 on Thu 28 Feb to 20:14 on Fri 1 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-02-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-03-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1863, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-07T08:36:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-07T04:36:54Z", "ms": 1362631014412.9465 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-08T06:28:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-08T02:28:52Z", "ms": 1362709731718.6465 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-07T08:36:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-07T04:36:54Z", "ms": 1362631014412.9465 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-08T06:28:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-08T02:28:52Z", "ms": 1362709731718.6465 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-07T08:05:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-07T04:05:52Z", "ms": 1362629151746.8716 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-07T08:05:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-07T04:05:52Z", "ms": 1362629151746.8716 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-08T08:03:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-08T04:03:19Z", "ms": 1362715398515.5364 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-08T08:03:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-08T04:03:19Z", "ms": 1362715398515.5364 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:37 on Thu 7 Mar to 06:29 on Fri 8 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-07T04:36:54Z → 2013-03-08T02:28:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 08:06 on the 7th and 08:03 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 1863 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vijayā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Thursday 7 March. Ekādaśī runs from 08:37 on Thu 7 Mar to 06:29 on Fri 8 Mar, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-03-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-09", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 892, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-10T02:34:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T22:34:13Z", "ms": 1362868452843.6355 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-11T01:00:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-10T21:00:10Z", "ms": 1362949209803.8667 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-10T02:34:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T22:34:13Z", "ms": 1362868452843.6355 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-11T01:00:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-10T21:00:10Z", "ms": 1362949209803.8667 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-10T01:15:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T21:15:17Z", "ms": 1362863716625.0693 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-10T02:03:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T22:03:17Z", "ms": 1362866596625.0693 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-11T01:15:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-10T21:15:01Z", "ms": 1362950101403.5034 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-11T02:03:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-10T22:03:01Z", "ms": 1362952981403.5034 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:34 on Sun 10 Mar to 01:00 on Mon 11 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-09T22:34:13Z → 2013-03-10T21:00:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:15–02:03 on the 9th, 01:15–02:03 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither night qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: disputed → tithi-day · margin 892 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 9 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-09", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-09", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mahāśivarātri 2013 falls on Saturday 9 March. Caturdaśī runs from 02:34 on Sun 10 Mar to 01:00 on Mon 11 Mar, and reaches niśītha on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-03-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19968, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-09T04:26:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T00:26:01Z", "ms": 1362788761480.891 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-10T02:34:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T22:34:13Z", "ms": 1362868452843.6355 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-09T04:26:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T00:26:01Z", "ms": 1362788761480.891 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-10T02:34:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T22:34:13Z", "ms": 1362868452843.6355 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-08T19:18:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-08T15:18:18Z", "ms": 1362755898205.5366 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-08T20:59:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-08T16:59:58Z", "ms": 1362761997756.4404 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-09T19:20:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T15:20:23Z", "ms": 1362842422508.024 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-09T21:01:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-09T17:01:25Z", "ms": 1362848484939.236 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:26 on Sat 9 Mar to 02:34 on Sun 10 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-09T00:26:01Z → 2013-03-09T22:34:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:18–21:00 on the 8th, 19:20–21:01 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 102 minutes on the 8th and 101 of 101 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19968 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 9 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 9 March. Trayodaśī runs from 04:26 on Sat 9 Mar to 02:34 on Sun 10 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-03-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-03-15", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35435, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-14T23:53:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-14T19:53:50Z", "ms": 1363290830168.705 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-16T01:14:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-15T21:14:32Z", "ms": 1363382072093.0356 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-14T23:53:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-14T19:53:50Z", "ms": 1363290830168.705 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-16T01:14:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-15T21:14:32Z", "ms": 1363382072093.0356 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-14T13:15:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-14T09:15:15Z", "ms": 1363252515460.0457 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-14T14:03:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-14T10:03:15Z", "ms": 1363255395460.0457 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-15T13:14:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-15T09:14:59Z", "ms": 1363338898977.6953 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-15T14:02:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-15T10:02:59Z", "ms": 1363341778977.6953 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:54 on Thu 14 Mar to 01:15 on Sat 16 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-14T19:53:50Z → 2013-03-15T21:14:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:15–14:03 on the 14th, 13:15–14:03 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35435 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Friday 15 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Friday 15 March. Caturthī runs from 23:54 on Thu 14 Mar to 01:15 on Sat 16 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-03-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-03-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26012, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-22T14:40:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-22T10:40:31Z", "ms": 1363948831353.6543 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-23T15:45:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-23T11:45:58Z", "ms": 1364039157739.7593 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-22T14:40:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-22T10:40:31Z", "ms": 1363948831353.6543 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-23T15:45:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-23T11:45:58Z", "ms": 1364039157739.7593 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-22T07:26:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-22T03:26:59Z", "ms": 1363922819220.3777 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-22T07:26:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-22T03:26:59Z", "ms": 1363922819220.3777 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-23T07:24:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-23T03:24:22Z", "ms": 1364009062238.4243 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-23T07:24:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-23T03:24:22Z", "ms": 1364009062238.4243 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:41 on Fri 22 Mar to 15:46 on Sat 23 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-22T10:40:31Z → 2013-03-23T11:45:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:27 on the 22nd and 07:24 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26012 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Saturday 23 March. Ekādaśī runs from 14:41 on Fri 22 Mar to 15:46 on Sat 23 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-03-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13310, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-24T16:09:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-24T12:09:09Z", "ms": 1364126948920.3137 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-25T15:50:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-25T11:50:49Z", "ms": 1364212248979.9502 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-24T16:09:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-24T12:09:09Z", "ms": 1364126948920.3137 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-25T15:50:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-25T11:50:49Z", "ms": 1364212248979.9502 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-24T19:50:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-24T15:50:59Z", "ms": 1364140259084.6987 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-24T21:22:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-24T17:22:44Z", "ms": 1364145764303.6414 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-25T19:53:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-25T15:53:00Z", "ms": 1364226780104.2449 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-25T21:24:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-25T17:24:08Z", "ms": 1364232248257.6482 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:09 on Sun 24 Mar to 15:51 on Mon 25 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-24T12:09:09Z → 2013-03-25T11:50:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:51–21:23 on the 24th, 19:53–21:24 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 91 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13310 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Sunday 24 March. Trayodaśī runs from 16:09 on Sun 24 Mar to 15:51 on Mon 25 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-03-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8906, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-03-26T14:54:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T10:54:53Z", "ms": 1364295293205.587 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T13:27:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z", "ms": 1364376438452.8223 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-26T14:54:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T10:54:53Z", "ms": 1364295293205.587 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T13:27:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z", "ms": 1364376438452.8223 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-26T17:23:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T13:23:19Z", "ms": 1364304199071.533 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-26T19:55:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T15:55:01Z", "ms": 1364313301025.7236 } }, "covered_min": 152, "window_min": 152, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-27T17:24:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T13:24:24Z", "ms": 1364390664362.8337 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T19:57:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T15:57:02Z", "ms": 1364399821867.5195 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 153, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:55 on Tue 26 Mar to 13:27 on Wed 27 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-26T10:54:53Z → 2013-03-27T09:27:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:23–19:55 on the 26th, 17:24–19:57 on the 27th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 152 of 152 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 153 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8906 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 26 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Holikā Dahana 2013 falls on Tuesday 26 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:55 on Tue 26 Mar to 13:27 on Wed 27 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8906, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-03-26T14:54:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T10:54:53Z", "ms": 1364295293205.587 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T13:27:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z", "ms": 1364376438452.8223 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-26T14:54:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T10:54:53Z", "ms": 1364295293205.587 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T13:27:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z", "ms": 1364376438452.8223 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-26T17:23:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T13:23:19Z", "ms": 1364304199071.533 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-26T19:55:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-26T15:55:01Z", "ms": 1364313301025.7236 } }, "covered_min": 152, "window_min": 152, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-27T17:24:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T13:24:24Z", "ms": 1364390664362.8337 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T19:57:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T15:57:02Z", "ms": 1364399821867.5195 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 153, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "2013-03-26", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:55 on Tue 26 Mar to 13:27 on Wed 27 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-26T10:54:53Z → 2013-03-27T09:27:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:23–19:55 on the 26th, 17:24–19:57 on the 27th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 152 of 152 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 153 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8906 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Tuesday 26 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Holī 2013 falls on Wednesday 27 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Tuesday 26 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:55 on Tue 26 Mar to 13:27 on Wed 27 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 26th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15824, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-03-27T13:27:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z", "ms": 1364376438452.8223 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-28T11:35:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-28T07:35:01Z", "ms": 1364456101213.4 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-27T13:27:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z", "ms": 1364376438452.8223 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-28T11:35:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-28T07:35:01Z", "ms": 1364456101213.4 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-27T07:13:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T03:13:54Z", "ms": 1364354034344.0908 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-27T07:13:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-27T03:13:54Z", "ms": 1364354034344.0908 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-28T07:11:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-28T03:11:18Z", "ms": 1364440277524.0896 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-28T07:11:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-28T03:11:18Z", "ms": 1364440277524.0896 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 13:27 on Wed 27 Mar to 11:35 on Thu 28 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-27T09:27:18Z → 2013-03-28T07:35:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:14 on the 27th and 07:11 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15824 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vasantotsava 2013 falls on Thursday 28 March. Pratipadā runs from 13:27 on Wed 27 Mar to 11:35 on Thu 28 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-03-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14739, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-03-30T07:04:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-30T03:04:28Z", "ms": 1364612667577.8552 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-31T04:38:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-31T00:38:56Z", "ms": 1364690336255.758 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-03-30T07:04:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-30T03:04:28Z", "ms": 1364612667577.8552 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-31T04:38:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-31T00:38:56Z", "ms": 1364690336255.758 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-29T23:14:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-29T19:14:17Z", "ms": 1364584457107.556 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-29T23:14:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-29T19:14:17Z", "ms": 1364584457107.556 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-03-31T00:33:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-30T20:33:17Z", "ms": 1364675597041.0483 }, "end": { "local": "2013-03-31T00:33:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-03-30T20:33:17Z", "ms": 1364675597041.0483 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:04 on Sat 30 Mar to 04:39 on Sun 31 Mar.", "fact": "2013-03-30T03:04:28Z → 2013-03-31T00:38:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:14 on the 29th and 00:33 on the 30th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14739 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Saturday 30 March. Caturthī runs from 07:04 on Sat 30 Mar to 04:39 on Sun 31 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-03-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20347, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-02T21:39:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-02T17:39:29Z", "ms": 1364924369076.5686 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-03T19:36:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-03T15:36:30Z", "ms": 1365003390338.9817 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-02T21:39:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-02T17:39:29Z", "ms": 1364924369076.5686 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-03T19:36:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-03T15:36:30Z", "ms": 1365003390338.9817 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-02T13:09:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-02T09:09:41Z", "ms": 1364893781042.0098 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-02T13:57:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-02T09:57:41Z", "ms": 1364896661042.0098 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-03T13:09:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-03T09:09:24Z", "ms": 1364980163598.9243 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-03T13:57:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-03T09:57:24Z", "ms": 1364983043598.9243 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 21:39 on Tue 2 Apr to 19:37 on Wed 3 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-02T17:39:29Z → 2013-04-03T15:36:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:10–13:58 on the 2nd, 13:09–13:57 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20347 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śītalāṣṭamī 2013 falls on Wednesday 3 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 21:39 on Tue 2 Apr to 19:37 on Wed 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-04-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29085, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-05T16:10:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-05T12:10:41Z", "ms": 1365163841144.658 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-06T14:52:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-06T10:52:40Z", "ms": 1365245559773.5054 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-05T16:10:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-05T12:10:41Z", "ms": 1365163841144.658 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-06T14:52:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-06T10:52:40Z", "ms": 1365245559773.5054 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-05T06:50:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-05T02:50:30Z", "ms": 1365130229886.7249 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-05T06:50:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-05T02:50:30Z", "ms": 1365130229886.7249 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-06T06:47:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-06T02:47:55Z", "ms": 1365216475263.8955 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-06T06:47:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-06T02:47:55Z", "ms": 1365216475263.8955 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:11 on Fri 5 Apr to 14:53 on Sat 6 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-05T12:10:41Z → 2013-04-06T10:52:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:50 on the 5th and 06:48 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29085 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 6 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Saturday 6 April. Ekādaśī runs from 16:11 on Fri 5 Apr to 14:53 on Sat 6 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-04-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-04-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23054, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-07T13:54:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-07T09:54:57Z", "ms": 1365328496540.141 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-08T13:20:42+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T09:20:42Z", "ms": 1365412842267.8853 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-07T13:54:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-07T09:54:57Z", "ms": 1365328496540.141 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-08T13:20:42+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T09:20:42Z", "ms": 1365412842267.8853 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-07T20:19:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-07T16:19:10Z", "ms": 1365351550323.3674 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-07T21:42:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-07T17:42:19Z", "ms": 1365356539245.603 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-08T20:21:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T16:21:11Z", "ms": 1365438071248.6106 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-08T21:43:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T17:43:44Z", "ms": 1365443023601.888 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:55 on Sun 7 Apr to 13:21 on Mon 8 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-07T09:54:57Z → 2013-04-08T09:20:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:19–21:42 on the 7th, 20:21–21:44 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 83 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23054 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Sunday 7 April. Trayodaśī runs from 13:55 on Sun 7 Apr to 13:21 on Mon 8 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-04-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-04-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40709, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-08T13:20:42+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T09:20:42Z", "ms": 1365412842267.8853 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-09T13:13:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-09T09:13:12Z", "ms": 1365498791979.295 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-08T13:20:42+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T09:20:42Z", "ms": 1365412842267.8853 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-09T13:13:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-09T09:13:12Z", "ms": 1365498791979.295 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-08T01:06:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-07T21:06:59Z", "ms": 1365368818781.751 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-08T01:54:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-07T21:54:59Z", "ms": 1365371698781.751 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-09T01:06:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T21:06:43Z", "ms": 1365455202573.4004 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-09T01:54:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-08T21:54:43Z", "ms": 1365458082573.4004 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:21 on Mon 8 Apr to 13:13 on Tue 9 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-08T09:20:42Z → 2013-04-09T09:13:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:07–01:55 on the 7th, 01:07–01:55 on the 8th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 40709 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Monday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Monday 8 April. Caturdaśī runs from 13:21 on Mon 8 Apr to 13:13 on Tue 9 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-04-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1209, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-04-10T13:35:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-10T09:35:18Z", "ms": 1365586517959.7874 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-11T14:28:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-11T10:28:51Z", "ms": 1365676131069.1042 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-10T13:35:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-10T09:35:18Z", "ms": 1365586517959.7874 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-11T14:28:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-11T10:28:51Z", "ms": 1365676131069.1042 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-10T13:07:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-10T09:07:27Z", "ms": 1365584847122.4314 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-10T13:55:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-10T09:55:27Z", "ms": 1365587727122.4314 } }, "covered_min": 20, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-11T13:07:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-11T09:07:11Z", "ms": 1365671231463.0447 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-11T13:55:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-11T09:55:11Z", "ms": 1365674111463.0447 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 13:35 on Wed 10 Apr to 14:29 on Thu 11 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-10T09:35:18Z → 2013-04-11T10:28:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 10th, 13:07–13:55 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 20 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1209 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Moscow, 2013: Thursday 11 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 2013 falls on Thursday 11 April. Pratipadā runs from 13:35 on Wed 10 Apr to 14:29 on Thu 11 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 20 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23328, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T23:58:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T19:58:47Z", "ms": 1365883127287.3271 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-14T20:51:20+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T16:51:20Z", "ms": 1368550279912.1794 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T23:58:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T19:58:47Z", "ms": 1365883127287.3271 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T23:58:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T19:58:47Z", "ms": 1365883127287.3271 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T06:30:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T02:30:06Z", "ms": 1365820205684.8716 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-14T06:27:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T02:27:35Z", "ms": 1365906455073.8806 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1437, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-14T06:27:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T02:27:35Z", "ms": 1365906455073.8806 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-15T06:25:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-15T02:25:05Z", "ms": 1365992705104.326 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1438, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 23:59 on Sat 13 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-13T19:58:47Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:30 on the 13th, and from 06:28 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 23328 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "2013-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vaiśākhī 2013 falls on Saturday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 23:59 on Sat 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. By the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7137, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-04-12T15:53:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T11:53:53Z", "ms": 1365767633479.44 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T17:47:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z", "ms": 1365860870015.5608 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-12T15:53:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T11:53:53Z", "ms": 1365767633479.44 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T17:47:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z", "ms": 1365860870015.5608 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-12T13:06:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T09:06:56Z", "ms": 1365757616088.383 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-12T13:54:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T09:54:56Z", "ms": 1365760496088.383 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T13:06:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T09:06:41Z", "ms": 1365844001011.0972 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T13:54:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T09:54:41Z", "ms": 1365846881011.0972 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:54 on Fri 12 Apr to 17:48 on Sat 13 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-12T11:53:53Z → 2013-04-13T13:47:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 12th, 13:07–13:55 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7137 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 2013 falls on Saturday 13 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:54 on Fri 12 Apr to 17:48 on Sat 13 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7137, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-04-12T15:53:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T11:53:53Z", "ms": 1365767633479.44 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T17:47:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z", "ms": 1365860870015.5608 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-12T15:53:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T11:53:53Z", "ms": 1365767633479.44 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T17:47:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z", "ms": 1365860870015.5608 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-12T13:06:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T09:06:56Z", "ms": 1365757616088.383 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-12T13:54:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-12T09:54:56Z", "ms": 1365760496088.383 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T13:06:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T09:06:41Z", "ms": 1365844001011.0972 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T13:54:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T09:54:41Z", "ms": 1365846881011.0972 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:54 on Fri 12 Apr to 17:48 on Sat 13 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-12T11:53:53Z → 2013-04-13T13:47:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 12th, 13:07–13:55 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7137 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 13 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:54 on Fri 12 Apr to 17:48 on Sat 13 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-04-14", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13989, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T17:47:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z", "ms": 1365860870015.5608 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-14T20:04:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T16:04:51Z", "ms": 1365955490649.3801 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T17:47:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z", "ms": 1365860870015.5608 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-14T20:04:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T16:04:51Z", "ms": 1365955490649.3801 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-13T13:06:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T09:06:41Z", "ms": 1365844001011.0972 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-13T13:54:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-13T09:54:41Z", "ms": 1365846881011.0972 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-14T13:06:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T09:06:26Z", "ms": 1365930386243.857 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-14T13:54:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T09:54:26Z", "ms": 1365933266243.857 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:48 on Sat 13 Apr to 20:05 on Sun 14 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-13T13:47:50Z → 2013-04-14T16:04:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 13th, 13:06–13:54 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13989 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 14 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Sunday 14 April. Caturthī runs from 17:48 on Sat 13 Apr to 20:05 on Sun 14 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-04-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22224, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-14T20:04:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T16:04:51Z", "ms": 1365955490649.3801 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-15T22:35:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-15T18:35:41Z", "ms": 1366050941052.3115 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-14T20:04:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T16:04:51Z", "ms": 1365955490649.3801 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-15T22:35:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-15T18:35:41Z", "ms": 1366050941052.3115 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-14T13:06:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T09:06:26Z", "ms": 1365930386243.857 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-14T13:54:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-14T09:54:26Z", "ms": 1365933266243.857 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-15T13:06:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-15T09:06:12Z", "ms": 1366016771799.3828 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-15T13:54:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-15T09:54:12Z", "ms": 1366019651799.3828 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 20:05 on Sun 14 Apr to 22:36 on Mon 15 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-14T16:04:51Z → 2013-04-15T18:35:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:06–13:54 on the 14th, 13:06–13:54 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22224 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Moscow, 2013: Monday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 2013 falls on Monday 15 April. Pañcamī runs from 20:05 on Sun 14 Apr to 22:36 on Mon 15 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27622, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-18T03:29:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-17T23:29:04Z", "ms": 1366241344209.2683 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-19T05:24:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T01:24:55Z", "ms": 1366334695297.74 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-18T03:29:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-17T23:29:04Z", "ms": 1366241344209.2683 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-19T05:24:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T01:24:55Z", "ms": 1366334695297.74 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-18T13:05:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-18T09:05:31Z", "ms": 1366275930530.5063 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-18T13:53:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-18T09:53:31Z", "ms": 1366278810530.5063 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-19T13:05:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T09:05:18Z", "ms": 1366362317505.2725 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-19T13:53:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T09:53:18Z", "ms": 1366365197505.2725 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:29 on Thu 18 Apr to 05:25 on Fri 19 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-17T23:29:04Z → 2013-04-19T01:24:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:06–13:54 on the 18th, 13:05–13:53 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27622 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 18 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Bhavānī Utpatti 2013 falls on Thursday 18 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:29 on Thu 18 Apr to 05:25 on Fri 19 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22805, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-19T05:24:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T01:24:55Z", "ms": 1366334695297.74 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-20T06:45:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-20T02:45:00Z", "ms": 1366425899994.6821 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-19T05:24:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T01:24:55Z", "ms": 1366334695297.74 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-20T06:45:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-20T02:45:00Z", "ms": 1366425899994.6821 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-19T13:05:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T09:05:18Z", "ms": 1366362317505.2725 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-19T13:53:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-19T09:53:18Z", "ms": 1366365197505.2725 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-20T13:05:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-20T09:05:05Z", "ms": 1366448704867.192 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-20T13:53:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-20T09:53:05Z", "ms": 1366451584867.192 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 05:25 on Fri 19 Apr to 06:45 on Sat 20 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-19T01:24:55Z → 2013-04-20T02:45:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:05–13:53 on the 19th, 13:05–13:53 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22805 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Moscow, 2013: Friday 19 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rāma Navamī 2013 falls on Friday 19 April. Navamī runs from 05:25 on Fri 19 Apr to 06:45 on Sat 20 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-04-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3920, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-21T07:22:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-21T03:22:07Z", "ms": 1366514527494.6516 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-22T07:13:16+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-22T03:13:16Z", "ms": 1366600396466.4297 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-21T07:22:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-21T03:22:07Z", "ms": 1366514527494.6516 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-22T07:13:16+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-22T03:13:16Z", "ms": 1366600396466.4297 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-21T06:10:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-21T02:10:21Z", "ms": 1366510220725.809 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-21T06:10:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-21T02:10:21Z", "ms": 1366510220725.809 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-22T06:07:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-22T02:07:56Z", "ms": 1366596476251.9595 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-22T06:07:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-22T02:07:56Z", "ms": 1366596476251.9595 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:22 on Sun 21 Apr to 07:13 on Mon 22 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-21T03:22:07Z → 2013-04-22T03:13:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:10 on the 21st and 06:08 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3920 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Monday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Monday 22 April. Ekādaśī runs from 07:22 on Sun 21 Apr to 07:13 on Mon 22 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24310, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-23T06:19:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T02:19:19Z", "ms": 1366683558956.9705 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T04:44:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z", "ms": 1366764255289.9358 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-23T06:19:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T02:19:19Z", "ms": 1366683558956.9705 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T04:44:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z", "ms": 1366764255289.9358 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-23T13:04:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T09:04:29Z", "ms": 1366707869409.7742 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-23T13:52:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T09:52:29Z", "ms": 1366710749409.7742 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-24T13:04:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T09:04:18Z", "ms": 1366794258456.125 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T13:52:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T09:52:18Z", "ms": 1366797138456.125 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:19 on Tue 23 Apr to 04:44 on Wed 24 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-23T02:19:19Z → 2013-04-24T00:44:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:04–13:52 on the 23rd, 13:04–13:52 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24310 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 23 April. Trayodaśī runs from 06:19 on Tue 23 Apr to 04:44 on Wed 24 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-04-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23955, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-23T06:19:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T02:19:19Z", "ms": 1366683558956.9705 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T04:44:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z", "ms": 1366764255289.9358 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-23T06:19:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T02:19:19Z", "ms": 1366683558956.9705 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T04:44:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z", "ms": 1366764255289.9358 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-22T20:49:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-22T16:49:25Z", "ms": 1366649365359.4294 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-22T22:03:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-22T18:03:34Z", "ms": 1366653814340.7625 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 74, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-23T20:51:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T16:51:26Z", "ms": 1366735886100.1213 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-23T22:05:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-23T18:05:00Z", "ms": 1366740299976.1833 } }, "covered_min": 74, "window_min": 74, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:19 on Tue 23 Apr to 04:44 on Wed 24 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-23T02:19:19Z → 2013-04-24T00:44:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:49–22:04 on the 22nd, 20:51–22:05 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 74 minutes on the 22nd and 74 of 74 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23955 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Tuesday 23 April. Trayodaśī runs from 06:19 on Tue 23 Apr to 04:44 on Wed 24 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-04-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30003, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-24T04:44:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z", "ms": 1366764255289.9358 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-25T02:34:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T22:34:19Z", "ms": 1366842859210.6033 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-24T04:44:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z", "ms": 1366764255289.9358 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-25T02:34:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T22:34:19Z", "ms": 1366842859210.6033 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-24T13:04:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T09:04:18Z", "ms": 1366794258456.125 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T13:52:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T09:52:18Z", "ms": 1366797138456.125 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-25T13:04:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-25T09:04:08Z", "ms": 1366880647959.4731 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-25T13:52:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-25T09:52:08Z", "ms": 1366883527959.4731 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:44 on Wed 24 Apr to 02:34 on Thu 25 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-24T00:44:15Z → 2013-04-24T22:34:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:04–13:52 on the 24th, 13:04–13:52 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30003 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 24 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 24 April. Caturdaśī runs from 04:44 on Wed 24 Apr to 02:34 on Thu 25 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36299, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-04-25T02:34:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T22:34:19Z", "ms": 1366842859210.6033 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-25T23:57:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-25T19:57:07Z", "ms": 1366919826742.1062 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-25T02:34:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T22:34:19Z", "ms": 1366842859210.6033 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-25T23:57:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-25T19:57:07Z", "ms": 1366919826742.1062 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-24T13:04:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T09:04:18Z", "ms": 1366794258456.125 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-24T13:52:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-24T09:52:18Z", "ms": 1366797138456.125 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-25T13:04:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-25T09:04:08Z", "ms": 1366880647959.4731 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-25T13:52:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-25T09:52:08Z", "ms": 1366883527959.4731 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:34 on Thu 25 Apr to 23:57 on Thu 25 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-24T22:34:19Z → 2013-04-25T19:57:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:04–13:52 on the 24th, 13:04–13:52 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36299 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 25 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 2013 falls on Thursday 25 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:34 on Thu 25 Apr to 23:57 on Thu 25 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-04-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35425, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-04-28T14:45:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-28T10:45:08Z", "ms": 1367145908207.482 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-29T11:41:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-29T07:41:33Z", "ms": 1367221292614.1223 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-04-28T14:45:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-28T10:45:08Z", "ms": 1367145908207.482 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-29T11:41:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-29T07:41:33Z", "ms": 1367221292614.1223 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-29T00:35:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-28T20:35:33Z", "ms": 1367181332948.696 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-29T00:35:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-28T20:35:33Z", "ms": 1367181332948.696 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-04-30T01:29:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-29T21:29:28Z", "ms": 1367270967522.0356 }, "end": { "local": "2013-04-30T01:29:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-04-29T21:29:28Z", "ms": 1367270967522.0356 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:45 on Sun 28 Apr to 11:42 on Mon 29 Apr.", "fact": "2013-04-28T10:45:08Z → 2013-04-29T07:41:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:36 on the 28th and 01:29 on the 29th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35425 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Sunday 28 April. Caturthī runs from 14:45 on Sun 28 Apr to 11:42 on Mon 29 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-04-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-05-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18309, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-05T00:33:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-04T20:33:11Z", "ms": 1367699591337.5933 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-06T00:22:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-05T20:22:50Z", "ms": 1367785369552.5295 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-05T00:33:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-04T20:33:11Z", "ms": 1367699591337.5933 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-06T00:22:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-05T20:22:50Z", "ms": 1367785369552.5295 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-05T05:38:20+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-05T01:38:20Z", "ms": 1367717900481.068 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-05T05:38:20+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-05T01:38:20Z", "ms": 1367717900481.068 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-06T05:36:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-06T01:36:13Z", "ms": 1367804173497.006 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-06T05:36:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-06T01:36:13Z", "ms": 1367804173497.006 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:33 on Sun 5 May to 00:23 on Mon 6 May.", "fact": "2013-05-04T20:33:11Z → 2013-05-05T20:22:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:38 on the 5th and 05:36 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18309 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Sunday 5 May. Ekādaśī runs from 00:33 on Sun 5 May to 00:23 on Mon 6 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-05-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-05-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8353, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-07T00:42:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-06T20:42:47Z", "ms": 1367872966869.5132 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-08T01:31:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T21:31:43Z", "ms": 1367962302938.1902 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-07T00:42:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-06T20:42:47Z", "ms": 1367872966869.5132 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-08T01:31:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T21:31:43Z", "ms": 1367962302938.1902 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-06T21:17:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-06T17:17:19Z", "ms": 1367860638951.1013 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-06T22:23:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-06T18:23:34Z", "ms": 1367864613510.6526 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 66, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-07T21:19:16+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T17:19:16Z", "ms": 1367947155973.5405 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-07T22:24:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T18:24:58Z", "ms": 1367951098442.0186 } }, "covered_min": 66, "window_min": 66, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:43 on Tue 7 May to 01:32 on Wed 8 May.", "fact": "2013-05-06T20:42:47Z → 2013-05-07T21:31:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:17–22:24 on the 6th, 21:19–22:25 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 66 minutes on the 6th and 66 of 66 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8353 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Tuesday 7 May. Trayodaśī runs from 00:43 on Tue 7 May to 01:32 on Wed 8 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-05-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-05-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1077, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-08T01:31:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T21:31:43Z", "ms": 1367962302938.1902 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-09T02:47:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-08T22:47:45Z", "ms": 1368053264874.0615 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-08T01:31:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T21:31:43Z", "ms": 1367962302938.1902 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-09T02:47:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-08T22:47:45Z", "ms": 1368053264874.0615 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-08T01:01:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T21:01:40Z", "ms": 1367960500230.333 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-08T01:49:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-07T21:49:40Z", "ms": 1367963380230.333 } }, "covered_min": 18, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-09T01:01:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-08T21:01:37Z", "ms": 1368046897493.5088 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-09T01:49:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-08T21:49:37Z", "ms": 1368049777493.5088 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:32 on Wed 8 May to 02:48 on Thu 9 May.", "fact": "2013-05-07T21:31:43Z → 2013-05-08T22:47:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:02–01:50 on the 7th, 01:02–01:50 on the 8th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 18 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1077 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Wednesday 8 May. Caturdaśī runs from 01:32 on Wed 8 May to 02:48 on Thu 9 May and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the previous night for 18 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-05-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36766, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-05-12T08:48:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T04:48:53Z", "ms": 1368334133145.471 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T11:17:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z", "ms": 1368429477901.18 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-12T08:48:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T04:48:53Z", "ms": 1368334133145.471 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T11:17:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z", "ms": 1368429477901.18 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-12T21:28:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T17:28:51Z", "ms": 1368379731182.1003 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-12T22:31:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T18:31:58Z", "ms": 1368383518153.71 } }, "covered_min": 63, "window_min": 63, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-13T21:30:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T17:30:44Z", "ms": 1368466243792.543 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T22:33:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T18:33:21Z", "ms": 1368470000771.018 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 63, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:49 on Sun 12 May to 11:18 on Mon 13 May.", "fact": "2013-05-12T04:48:53Z → 2013-05-13T07:17:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:29–22:32 on the 12th, 21:31–22:33 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 63 of 63 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 63 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36766 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 12 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Paraśurāma Jayantī 2013 falls on Sunday 12 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:49 on Sun 12 May to 11:18 on Mon 13 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1974, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-05-12T08:48:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T04:48:53Z", "ms": 1368334133145.471 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T11:17:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z", "ms": 1368429477901.18 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-12T08:48:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T04:48:53Z", "ms": 1368334133145.471 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T11:17:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z", "ms": 1368429477901.18 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-12T05:24:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T01:24:08Z", "ms": 1368321847842.4563 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-12T10:45:42+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-12T06:45:42Z", "ms": 1368341142289.0044 } }, "covered_min": 117, "window_min": 322, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-13T05:22:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T01:22:13Z", "ms": 1368408133469.1716 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T10:45:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T06:45:04Z", "ms": 1368427503576.9622 } }, "covered_min": 323, "window_min": 323, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:49 on Sun 12 May to 11:18 on Mon 13 May.", "fact": "2013-05-12T04:48:53Z → 2013-05-13T07:17:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:24–10:46 on the 12th, 05:22–10:45 on the 13th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 117 of 322 minutes on the 12th and 323 of 323 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both forenoons qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1974 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Moscow, 2013: Monday 13 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 2013 falls on Monday 13 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:49 on Sun 12 May to 11:18 on Mon 13 May and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon. It also reaches the previous forenoon for 117 minutes; by the rule the second forenoon is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-05-13", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-13", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 57, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-13T11:17:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z", "ms": 1368429477901.18 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-14T13:49:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T09:49:31Z", "ms": 1368524971084.0159 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-13T11:17:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z", "ms": 1368429477901.18 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-14T13:49:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T09:49:31Z", "ms": 1368524971084.0159 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-13T13:02:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T09:02:29Z", "ms": 1368435748630.8574 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-13T13:50:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-13T09:50:29Z", "ms": 1368438628630.8574 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-14T13:02:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T09:02:28Z", "ms": 1368522148280.9082 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-14T13:50:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T09:50:28Z", "ms": 1368525028280.9082 } }, "covered_min": 47, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:18 on Mon 13 May to 13:50 on Tue 14 May.", "fact": "2013-05-13T07:17:58Z → 2013-05-14T09:49:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:02–13:50 on the 13th, 13:02–13:50 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 47 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 57 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Monday 13 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-13", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-13", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Monday 13 May. Caturthī runs from 11:18 on Mon 13 May to 13:50 on Tue 14 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 47 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 0 min 57 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-05-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-15", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 57, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-14T13:49:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T09:49:31Z", "ms": 1368524971084.0159 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-15T16:13:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-15T12:13:54Z", "ms": 1368620033624.8394 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-14T13:49:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T09:49:31Z", "ms": 1368524971084.0159 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-15T16:13:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-15T12:13:54Z", "ms": 1368620033624.8394 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-14T13:02:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T09:02:28Z", "ms": 1368522148280.9082 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-14T13:50:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-14T09:50:28Z", "ms": 1368525028280.9082 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-15T13:02:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-15T09:02:28Z", "ms": 1368608548456.6782 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-15T13:50:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-15T09:50:28Z", "ms": 1368611428456.6782 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 13:50 on Tue 14 May to 16:14 on Wed 15 May.", "fact": "2013-05-14T09:49:31Z → 2013-05-15T12:13:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:02–13:50 on the 14th, 13:02–13:50 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 1 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 57 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 15 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-15", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śaṅkara Jayantī 2013 falls on Wednesday 15 May. Pañcamī runs from 13:50 on Tue 14 May to 16:14 on Wed 15 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 1 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 0 min 57 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16200, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-16T18:20:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-16T14:20:29Z", "ms": 1368714028956.279 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-17T19:58:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-17T15:58:50Z", "ms": 1368806330175.455 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-16T18:20:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-16T14:20:29Z", "ms": 1368714028956.279 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-17T19:58:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-17T15:58:50Z", "ms": 1368806330175.455 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-16T13:02:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-16T09:02:29Z", "ms": 1368694949152.0488 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-16T13:50:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-16T09:50:29Z", "ms": 1368697829152.0488 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-17T13:02:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-17T09:02:30Z", "ms": 1368781350360.585 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-17T13:50:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-17T09:50:30Z", "ms": 1368784230360.585 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 18:20 on Thu 16 May to 19:59 on Fri 17 May.", "fact": "2013-05-16T14:20:29Z → 2013-05-17T15:58:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:02–13:50 on the 16th, 13:03–13:51 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16200 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Moscow, 2013: Friday 17 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 2013 falls on Friday 17 May. Saptamī runs from 18:20 on Thu 16 May to 19:59 on Fri 17 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-05-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-20T20:48:20+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-20T16:48:20Z", "ms": 1369068500300.2178 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-21T19:32:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z", "ms": 1369150363643.622 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-20T20:48:20+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-20T16:48:20Z", "ms": 1369068500300.2178 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-21T19:32:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z", "ms": 1369150363643.622 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-21T05:08:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T01:08:17Z", "ms": 1369098497149.2715 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-21T05:08:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T01:08:17Z", "ms": 1369098497149.2715 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T05:06:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T01:06:43Z", "ms": 1369184803440.833 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T05:06:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T01:06:43Z", "ms": 1369184803440.833 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:48 on Mon 20 May to 19:33 on Tue 21 May.", "fact": "2013-05-20T16:48:20Z → 2013-05-21T15:32:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:08 on the 21st and 05:07 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29997 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mohinī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 21 May. Ekādaśī runs from 20:48 on Mon 20 May to 19:33 on Tue 21 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-05-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13396, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-21T19:32:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z", "ms": 1369150363643.622 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T17:33:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z", "ms": 1369229639393.6877 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-21T19:32:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z", "ms": 1369150363643.622 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T17:33:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z", "ms": 1369229639393.6877 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-21T13:02:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T09:02:40Z", "ms": 1369126960191.3818 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-21T13:50:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T09:50:40Z", "ms": 1369129840191.3818 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T13:02:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T09:02:44Z", "ms": 1369213363864.8857 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T13:50:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T09:50:44Z", "ms": 1369216243864.8857 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 19:33 on Tue 21 May to 17:34 on Wed 22 May.", "fact": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z → 2013-05-22T13:33:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 21st, 13:03–13:51 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13396 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 22 May. Dvādaśī runs from 19:33 on Tue 21 May to 17:34 on Wed 22 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13396, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-21T19:32:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z", "ms": 1369150363643.622 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T17:33:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z", "ms": 1369229639393.6877 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-21T19:32:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z", "ms": 1369150363643.622 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T17:33:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z", "ms": 1369229639393.6877 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-21T13:02:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T09:02:40Z", "ms": 1369126960191.3818 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-21T13:50:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-21T09:50:40Z", "ms": 1369129840191.3818 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T13:02:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T09:02:44Z", "ms": 1369213363864.8857 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T13:50:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T09:50:44Z", "ms": 1369216243864.8857 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 19:33 on Tue 21 May to 17:34 on Wed 22 May.", "fact": "2013-05-21T15:32:44Z → 2013-05-22T13:33:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 21st, 13:03–13:51 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13396 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 22 May. Dvādaśī runs from 19:33 on Tue 21 May to 17:34 on Wed 22 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-05-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15165, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T17:33:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z", "ms": 1369229639393.6877 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-23T14:57:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T10:57:53Z", "ms": 1369306672933.5908 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T17:33:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z", "ms": 1369229639393.6877 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-23T14:57:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T10:57:53Z", "ms": 1369306672933.5908 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-22T21:46:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T17:46:44Z", "ms": 1369244804288.9385 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-22T22:45:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-22T18:45:12Z", "ms": 1369248312033.1353 } }, "covered_min": 58, "window_min": 58, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-23T21:48:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T17:48:24Z", "ms": 1369331303654.209 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-23T22:46:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T18:46:26Z", "ms": 1369334786368.2466 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 58, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:34 on Wed 22 May to 14:58 on Thu 23 May.", "fact": "2013-05-22T13:33:59Z → 2013-05-23T10:57:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:47–22:45 on the 22nd, 21:48–22:46 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 58 of 58 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 58 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15165 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Wednesday 22 May. Trayodaśī runs from 17:34 on Wed 22 May to 14:58 on Thu 23 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-05-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24631, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-23T14:57:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T10:57:53Z", "ms": 1369306672933.5908 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-24T11:51:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z", "ms": 1369381916933.8474 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-23T14:57:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T10:57:53Z", "ms": 1369306672933.5908 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-24T11:51:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z", "ms": 1369381916933.8474 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-23T21:48:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T17:48:24Z", "ms": 1369331303654.209 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-23T22:46:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-23T18:46:26Z", "ms": 1369334786368.2466 } }, "covered_min": 58, "window_min": 58, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T21:50:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T17:50:01Z", "ms": 1369417801246.4111 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-24T22:47:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T18:47:40Z", "ms": 1369421259537.598 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 58, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:58 on Thu 23 May to 11:52 on Fri 24 May.", "fact": "2013-05-23T10:57:53Z → 2013-05-24T07:51:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:48–22:46 on the 23rd, 21:50–22:48 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 58 of 58 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 58 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24631 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 2013 falls on Thursday 23 May. Caturdaśī runs from 14:58 on Thu 23 May to 11:52 on Fri 24 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4256, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T11:51:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z", "ms": 1369381916933.8474 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-25T08:24:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T04:24:56Z", "ms": 1369455895673.3435 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T11:51:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z", "ms": 1369381916933.8474 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-25T08:24:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T04:24:56Z", "ms": 1369455895673.3435 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T13:02:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T09:02:53Z", "ms": 1369386172627.9507 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-24T13:50:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T09:50:53Z", "ms": 1369389052627.9507 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-25T13:02:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T09:02:58Z", "ms": 1369472577706.0366 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-25T13:50:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T09:50:58Z", "ms": 1369475457706.0366 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:52 on Fri 24 May to 08:25 on Sat 25 May.", "fact": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z → 2013-05-25T04:24:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 24th, 13:03–13:51 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4256 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Moscow, 2013: Friday 24 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Buddha Pūrṇimā 2013 falls on Friday 24 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:52 on Fri 24 May to 08:25 on Sat 25 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4256, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T11:51:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z", "ms": 1369381916933.8474 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-25T08:24:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T04:24:56Z", "ms": 1369455895673.3435 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T11:51:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z", "ms": 1369381916933.8474 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-25T08:24:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T04:24:56Z", "ms": 1369455895673.3435 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-24T13:02:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T09:02:53Z", "ms": 1369386172627.9507 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-24T13:50:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-24T09:50:53Z", "ms": 1369389052627.9507 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-25T13:02:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T09:02:58Z", "ms": 1369472577706.0366 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-25T13:50:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-25T09:50:58Z", "ms": 1369475457706.0366 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:52 on Fri 24 May to 08:25 on Sat 25 May.", "fact": "2013-05-24T07:51:57Z → 2013-05-25T04:24:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 24th, 13:03–13:51 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4256 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Friday 24 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 2013 falls on Friday 24 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:52 on Fri 24 May to 08:25 on Sat 25 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-05-27", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-05-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9259, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-05-27T21:32:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-27T17:32:57Z", "ms": 1369675977376.174 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-28T18:17:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-28T14:17:21Z", "ms": 1369750640959.001 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-05-27T21:32:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-27T17:32:57Z", "ms": 1369675977376.174 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-28T18:17:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-28T14:17:21Z", "ms": 1369750640959.001 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-28T00:07:16+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-27T20:07:16Z", "ms": 1369685236401.8896 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-28T00:07:16+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-27T20:07:16Z", "ms": 1369685236401.8896 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-05-29T00:44:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-28T20:44:12Z", "ms": 1369773852026.488 }, "end": { "local": "2013-05-29T00:44:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-05-28T20:44:12Z", "ms": 1369773852026.488 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:33 on Mon 27 May to 18:17 on Tue 28 May.", "fact": "2013-05-27T17:32:57Z → 2013-05-28T14:17:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 00:07 on the 27th and 00:44 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9259 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Monday 27 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-05-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Monday 27 May. Caturthī runs from 21:33 on Mon 27 May to 18:17 on Tue 28 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-05-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-06-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21287, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-03T10:46:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-03T06:46:32Z", "ms": 1370241992347.7373 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-04T11:48:46+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-04T07:48:46Z", "ms": 1370332126051.952 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-03T10:46:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-03T06:46:32Z", "ms": 1370241992347.7373 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-04T11:48:46+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-04T07:48:46Z", "ms": 1370332126051.952 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-03T04:51:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-03T00:51:45Z", "ms": 1370220705428.129 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-03T04:51:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-03T00:51:45Z", "ms": 1370220705428.129 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-04T04:50:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-04T00:50:52Z", "ms": 1370307051597.9915 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-04T04:50:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-04T00:50:52Z", "ms": 1370307051597.9915 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:47 on Mon 3 Jun to 11:49 on Tue 4 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-03T06:46:32Z → 2013-06-04T07:48:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:52 on the 3rd and 04:51 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21287 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Aparā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 4 June. Ekādaśī runs from 10:47 on Mon 3 Jun to 11:49 on Tue 4 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-06-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-06-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24589, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-05T13:21:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-05T09:21:27Z", "ms": 1370424086587.5562 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-06T15:17:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T11:17:59Z", "ms": 1370517478664.1067 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-05T13:21:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-05T09:21:27Z", "ms": 1370424086587.5562 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-06T15:17:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T11:17:59Z", "ms": 1370517478664.1067 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-05T22:06:42+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-05T18:06:42Z", "ms": 1370455601603.0806 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-05T23:00:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-05T19:00:22Z", "ms": 1370458821996.6316 } }, "covered_min": 54, "window_min": 54, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-06T22:07:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T18:07:48Z", "ms": 1370542067889.123 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-06T23:01:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T19:01:14Z", "ms": 1370545273695.876 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 53, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:21 on Wed 5 Jun to 15:18 on Thu 6 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-05T09:21:27Z → 2013-06-06T11:17:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 22:07–23:00 on the 5th, 22:08–23:01 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 54 of 54 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 53 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24589 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Wednesday 5 June. Trayodaśī runs from 13:21 on Wed 5 Jun to 15:18 on Thu 6 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-06-06", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27159, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-06T15:17:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T11:17:59Z", "ms": 1370517478664.1067 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-07T17:31:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-07T13:31:43Z", "ms": 1370611902808.603 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-06T15:17:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T11:17:59Z", "ms": 1370517478664.1067 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-07T17:31:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-07T13:31:43Z", "ms": 1370611902808.603 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-07T01:04:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T21:04:10Z", "ms": 1370552649664.4468 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-07T01:52:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-06T21:52:10Z", "ms": 1370555529664.4468 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-08T01:04:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-07T21:04:22Z", "ms": 1370639061550.001 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-08T01:52:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-07T21:52:22Z", "ms": 1370641941550.001 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:18 on Thu 6 Jun to 17:32 on Fri 7 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-06T11:17:59Z → 2013-06-07T13:31:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:04–01:52 on the 6th, 01:04–01:52 on the 7th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27159 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 6 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Thursday 6 June. Caturdaśī runs from 15:18 on Thu 6 Jun to 17:32 on Fri 7 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-06-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35334, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-06-11T00:54:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-10T20:54:45Z", "ms": 1370897684870.9128 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-12T03:16:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-11T23:16:41Z", "ms": 1370992601027.466 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-11T00:54:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-10T20:54:45Z", "ms": 1370897684870.9128 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-12T03:16:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-11T23:16:41Z", "ms": 1370992601027.466 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-11T13:05:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-11T09:05:24Z", "ms": 1370941523817.1853 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-11T13:53:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-11T09:53:24Z", "ms": 1370944403817.1853 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-12T13:05:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-12T09:05:35Z", "ms": 1371027934919.2666 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-12T13:53:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-12T09:53:35Z", "ms": 1371030814919.2666 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 00:55 on Tue 11 Jun to 03:17 on Wed 12 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-10T20:54:45Z → 2013-06-11T23:16:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:05–13:53 on the 11th, 13:06–13:54 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35334 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 2013 falls on Tuesday 11 June. Tṛtīyā runs from 00:55 on Tue 11 Jun to 03:17 on Wed 12 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-06-12", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27639, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-12T03:16:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-11T23:16:41Z", "ms": 1370992601027.466 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-13T05:25:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-13T01:25:07Z", "ms": 1371086707176.569 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-12T03:16:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-11T23:16:41Z", "ms": 1370992601027.466 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-13T05:25:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-13T01:25:07Z", "ms": 1371086707176.569 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-12T13:05:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-12T09:05:35Z", "ms": 1371027934919.2666 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-12T13:53:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-12T09:53:35Z", "ms": 1371030814919.2666 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-13T13:05:46+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-13T09:05:46Z", "ms": 1371114346161.4539 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-13T13:53:46+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-13T09:53:46Z", "ms": 1371117226161.4539 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:17 on Wed 12 Jun to 05:25 on Thu 13 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-11T23:16:41Z → 2013-06-13T01:25:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:06–13:54 on the 12th, 13:06–13:54 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27639 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 12 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Wednesday 12 June. Caturthī runs from 03:17 on Wed 12 Jun to 05:25 on Thu 13 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-06-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16432, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-14T07:12:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T03:12:49Z", "ms": 1371179568800.1924 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-15T08:32:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T04:32:17Z", "ms": 1371270737435.3455 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-14T07:12:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T03:12:49Z", "ms": 1371179568800.1924 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-15T08:32:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T04:32:17Z", "ms": 1371270737435.3455 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-14T13:05:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T09:05:58Z", "ms": 1371200757520.6238 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-14T13:53:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T09:53:58Z", "ms": 1371203637520.6238 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-15T13:06:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T09:06:09Z", "ms": 1371287168973.9219 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-15T13:54:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T09:54:09Z", "ms": 1371290048973.9219 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:13 on Fri 14 Jun to 08:32 on Sat 15 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-14T03:12:49Z → 2013-06-15T04:32:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:06–13:54 on the 14th, 13:06–13:54 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16432 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Friday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 2013 falls on Friday 14 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:13 on Fri 14 Jun to 08:32 on Sat 15 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16432, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-14T07:12:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T03:12:49Z", "ms": 1371179568800.1924 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-15T08:32:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T04:32:17Z", "ms": 1371270737435.3455 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-14T07:12:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T03:12:49Z", "ms": 1371179568800.1924 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-15T08:32:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T04:32:17Z", "ms": 1371270737435.3455 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-14T13:05:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T09:05:58Z", "ms": 1371200757520.6238 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-14T13:53:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-14T09:53:58Z", "ms": 1371203637520.6238 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-15T13:06:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T09:06:09Z", "ms": 1371287168973.9219 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-15T13:54:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-15T09:54:09Z", "ms": 1371290048973.9219 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:13 on Fri 14 Jun to 08:32 on Sat 15 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-14T03:12:49Z → 2013-06-15T04:32:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:06–13:54 on the 14th, 13:06–13:54 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16432 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Moscow, 2013: Friday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 2013 falls on Friday 14 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 07:13 on Fri 14 Jun to 08:32 on Sat 15 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-06-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1265, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-19T07:14:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-19T03:14:03Z", "ms": 1371611642813.2263 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-20T05:06:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T01:06:00Z", "ms": 1371690360233.7266 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-19T07:14:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-19T03:14:03Z", "ms": 1371611642813.2263 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-20T05:06:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T01:06:00Z", "ms": 1371690360233.7266 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-19T04:44:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-19T00:44:49Z", "ms": 1371602688587.7493 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-19T04:44:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-19T00:44:49Z", "ms": 1371602688587.7493 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-20T04:44:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T00:44:55Z", "ms": 1371689095085.6174 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-20T04:44:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T00:44:55Z", "ms": 1371689095085.6174 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:14 on Wed 19 Jun to 05:06 on Thu 20 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-19T03:14:03Z → 2013-06-20T01:06:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:45 on the 19th and 04:45 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1265 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Thursday 20 June. Ekādaśī runs from 07:14 on Wed 19 Jun to 05:06 on Thu 20 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-06-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28867, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-20T05:06:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T01:06:00Z", "ms": 1371690360233.7266 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-21T02:20:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T22:20:06Z", "ms": 1371766805925.2524 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-20T05:06:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T01:06:00Z", "ms": 1371690360233.7266 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-21T02:20:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T22:20:06Z", "ms": 1371766805925.2524 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-20T13:07:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T09:07:07Z", "ms": 1371719226888.4102 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-20T13:55:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T09:55:07Z", "ms": 1371722106888.4102 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-21T13:07:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-21T09:07:18Z", "ms": 1371805638459.61 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-21T13:55:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-21T09:55:18Z", "ms": 1371808518459.61 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 05:06 on Thu 20 Jun to 02:20 on Fri 21 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-20T01:06:00Z → 2013-06-20T22:20:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 20th, 13:07–13:55 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 28867 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 2013 falls on Thursday 20 June. Dvādaśī runs from 05:06 on Thu 20 Jun to 02:20 on Fri 21 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-06-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 359, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-21T02:20:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T22:20:06Z", "ms": 1371766805925.2524 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-21T23:03:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-21T19:03:15Z", "ms": 1371841395366.2627 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-21T02:20:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T22:20:06Z", "ms": 1371766805925.2524 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-21T23:03:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-21T19:03:15Z", "ms": 1371841395366.2627 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-20T22:17:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T18:17:19Z", "ms": 1371752238691.2026 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-20T23:09:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-20T19:09:01Z", "ms": 1371755340924.1877 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 52, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-21T22:17:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-21T18:17:31Z", "ms": 1371838651480.6292 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-21T23:09:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-21T19:09:14Z", "ms": 1371841753900.3306 } }, "covered_min": 46, "window_min": 52, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:20 on Fri 21 Jun to 23:03 on Fri 21 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-20T22:20:06Z → 2013-06-21T19:03:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 22:17–23:09 on the 20th, 22:18–23:09 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 52 minutes on the 20th and 46 of 52 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 359 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Friday 21 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-21", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Friday 21 June. Trayodaśī runs from 02:20 on Fri 21 Jun to 23:03 on Fri 21 Jun and covers 46 of 52 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-06-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10417, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-06-22T19:24:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-22T15:24:03Z", "ms": 1371914643430.7534 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-23T15:32:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-23T11:32:15Z", "ms": 1371987135195.6277 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-22T19:24:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-22T15:24:03Z", "ms": 1371914643430.7534 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-23T15:32:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-23T11:32:15Z", "ms": 1371987135195.6277 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-22T22:17:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-22T18:17:40Z", "ms": 1371925060340.594 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-22T23:09:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-22T19:09:24Z", "ms": 1371928163979.5342 } }, "covered_min": 52, "window_min": 52, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-23T22:17:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-23T18:17:45Z", "ms": 1372011465260.6611 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-23T23:09:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-23T19:09:31Z", "ms": 1372014571149.2634 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 52, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:24 on Sat 22 Jun to 15:32 on Sun 23 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-22T15:24:03Z → 2013-06-23T11:32:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 22:18–23:09 on the 22nd, 22:18–23:10 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 52 of 52 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 52 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 10417 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 22 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 22 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:24 on Sat 22 Jun to 15:32 on Sun 23 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-06-26", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-06-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6653, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-06-26T04:27:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-26T00:27:15Z", "ms": 1372206435253.8281 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-27T01:30:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-26T21:30:55Z", "ms": 1372282255117.9736 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-06-26T04:27:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-26T00:27:15Z", "ms": 1372206435253.8281 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-27T01:30:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-26T21:30:55Z", "ms": 1372282255117.9736 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-25T23:13:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-25T19:13:27Z", "ms": 1372187606907.2935 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-25T23:13:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-25T19:13:27Z", "ms": 1372187606907.2935 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-06-26T23:40:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-26T19:40:02Z", "ms": 1372275602379.361 }, "end": { "local": "2013-06-26T23:40:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-06-26T19:40:02Z", "ms": 1372275602379.361 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:27 on Wed 26 Jun to 01:31 on Thu 27 Jun.", "fact": "2013-06-26T00:27:15Z → 2013-06-26T21:30:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:13 on the 25th and 23:40 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6653 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 26 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Wednesday 26 June. Caturthī runs from 04:27 on Wed 26 Jun to 01:31 on Thu 27 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-06-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-07-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12316, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-02T23:26:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-02T19:26:23Z", "ms": 1372793182610.4016 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-04T01:27:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-03T21:27:41Z", "ms": 1372886860505.7979 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-02T23:26:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-02T19:26:23Z", "ms": 1372793182610.4016 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-04T01:27:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-03T21:27:41Z", "ms": 1372886860505.7979 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-03T04:51:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-03T00:51:59Z", "ms": 1372812719153.397 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-03T04:51:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-03T00:51:59Z", "ms": 1372812719153.397 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-04T04:52:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-04T00:52:56Z", "ms": 1372899176196.5369 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-04T04:52:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-04T00:52:56Z", "ms": 1372899176196.5369 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:26 on Tue 2 Jul to 01:28 on Thu 4 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-02T19:26:23Z → 2013-07-03T21:27:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:52 on the 3rd and 04:53 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12316 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Yoginī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 3 July. Ekādaśī runs from 23:26 on Tue 2 Jul to 01:28 on Thu 4 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-07-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-07-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16841, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-05T03:48:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-04T23:48:19Z", "ms": 1372981698580.6467 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-06T06:18:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T02:18:17Z", "ms": 1373077097214.2263 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-05T03:48:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-04T23:48:19Z", "ms": 1372981698580.6467 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-06T06:18:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T02:18:17Z", "ms": 1373077097214.2263 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-04T22:14:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-04T18:14:21Z", "ms": 1372961661084.2031 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-04T23:07:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-04T19:07:38Z", "ms": 1372964857789.364 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 53, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-05T22:13:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-05T18:13:40Z", "ms": 1373048019621.9956 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-05T23:07:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-05T19:07:10Z", "ms": 1373051230284.86 } }, "covered_min": 54, "window_min": 54, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:48 on Fri 5 Jul to 06:18 on Sat 6 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-04T23:48:19Z → 2013-07-06T02:18:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 22:14–23:08 on the 4th, 22:14–23:07 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 53 minutes on the 4th and 54 of 54 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16841 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Friday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Friday 5 July. Trayodaśī runs from 03:48 on Fri 5 Jul to 06:18 on Sat 6 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-07-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-07-06", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15598, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-06T06:18:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T02:18:17Z", "ms": 1373077097214.2263 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-07T08:49:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-07T04:49:08Z", "ms": 1373172548109.1406 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-06T06:18:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T02:18:17Z", "ms": 1373077097214.2263 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-07T08:49:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-07T04:49:08Z", "ms": 1373172548109.1406 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-06T01:10:20+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-05T21:10:20Z", "ms": 1373058619607.7373 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-06T01:58:20+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-05T21:58:20Z", "ms": 1373061499607.7373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-07T01:10:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T21:10:30Z", "ms": 1373145030135.1597 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-07T01:58:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-06T21:58:30Z", "ms": 1373147910135.1597 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:18 on Sat 6 Jul to 08:49 on Sun 7 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-06T02:18:17Z → 2013-07-07T04:49:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:10–01:58 on the 5th, 01:11–01:59 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15598 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Saturday 6 July. Caturdaśī runs from 06:18 on Sat 6 Jul to 08:49 on Sun 7 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-07-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1110, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-07-09T13:28:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-09T09:28:52Z", "ms": 1373362131784.5737 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-10T15:29:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-10T11:29:00Z", "ms": 1373455740113.3809 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-09T13:28:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-09T09:28:52Z", "ms": 1373362131784.5737 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-10T15:29:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-10T11:29:00Z", "ms": 1373455740113.3809 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-09T13:10:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-09T09:10:22Z", "ms": 1373361022156.2708 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-09T13:58:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-09T09:58:22Z", "ms": 1373363902156.2708 } }, "covered_min": 30, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-10T13:10:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-10T09:10:30Z", "ms": 1373447429775.0571 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-10T13:58:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-10T09:58:30Z", "ms": 1373450309775.0571 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 13:29 on Tue 9 Jul to 15:29 on Wed 10 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-09T09:28:52Z → 2013-07-10T11:29:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:10–13:58 on the 9th, 13:10–13:58 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 30 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1110 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 10 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rathayātrā 2013 falls on Wednesday 10 July. Dvitīyā runs from 13:29 on Tue 9 Jul to 15:29 on Wed 10 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 30 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-07-12", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11553, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-11T17:11:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-11T13:11:10Z", "ms": 1373548269856.3176 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-12T18:31:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T14:31:32Z", "ms": 1373639492356.4785 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-11T17:11:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-11T13:11:10Z", "ms": 1373548269856.3176 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-12T18:31:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T14:31:32Z", "ms": 1373639492356.4785 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-11T13:10:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-11T09:10:37Z", "ms": 1373533836985.6672 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-11T13:58:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-11T09:58:37Z", "ms": 1373536716985.6672 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-12T13:10:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T09:10:44Z", "ms": 1373620243769.3555 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-12T13:58:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T09:58:44Z", "ms": 1373623123769.3555 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:11 on Thu 11 Jul to 18:32 on Fri 12 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-11T13:11:10Z → 2013-07-12T14:31:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 11th, 13:11–13:59 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11553 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Friday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Friday 12 July. Caturthī runs from 17:11 on Thu 11 Jul to 18:32 on Fri 12 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-07-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16369, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-12T18:31:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T14:31:32Z", "ms": 1373639492356.4785 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-13T19:25:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-13T15:25:50Z", "ms": 1373729149544.8164 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-12T18:31:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T14:31:32Z", "ms": 1373639492356.4785 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-13T19:25:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-13T15:25:50Z", "ms": 1373729149544.8164 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-12T13:10:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T09:10:44Z", "ms": 1373620243769.3555 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-12T13:58:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-12T09:58:44Z", "ms": 1373623123769.3555 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-13T13:10:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-13T09:10:50Z", "ms": 1373706650108.2656 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-13T13:58:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-13T09:58:50Z", "ms": 1373709530108.2656 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 18:32 on Fri 12 Jul to 19:26 on Sat 13 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-12T14:31:32Z → 2013-07-13T15:25:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 12th, 13:11–13:59 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16369 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Skanda Pañcamī 2013 falls on Saturday 13 July. Pañcamī runs from 18:32 on Fri 12 Jul to 19:26 on Sat 13 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20346, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-14T19:49:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-14T15:49:27Z", "ms": 1373816966605.192 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-15T19:38:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-15T15:38:07Z", "ms": 1373902687403.0967 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-14T19:49:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-14T15:49:27Z", "ms": 1373816966605.192 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-15T19:38:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-15T15:38:07Z", "ms": 1373902687403.0967 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-14T13:10:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-14T09:10:56Z", "ms": 1373793055985.557 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-14T13:58:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-14T09:58:56Z", "ms": 1373795935985.557 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-15T13:11:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-15T09:11:01Z", "ms": 1373879461385.5354 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-15T13:59:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-15T09:59:01Z", "ms": 1373882341385.5354 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 19:49 on Sun 14 Jul to 19:38 on Mon 15 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-14T15:49:27Z → 2013-07-15T15:38:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 14th, 13:11–13:59 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20346 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Moscow, 2013: Monday 15 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vivasvat Saptamī 2013 falls on Monday 15 July. Saptamī runs from 19:49 on Sun 14 Jul to 19:38 on Mon 15 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-07-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26266, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-18T15:12:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-18T11:12:34Z", "ms": 1374145953524.7896 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-19T12:30:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-19T08:30:21Z", "ms": 1374222621235.9517 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-18T15:12:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-18T11:12:34Z", "ms": 1374145953524.7896 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-19T12:30:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-19T08:30:21Z", "ms": 1374222621235.9517 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-18T05:11:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-18T01:11:01Z", "ms": 1374109860914.8645 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-18T05:11:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-18T01:11:01Z", "ms": 1374109860914.8645 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-19T05:12:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-19T01:12:35Z", "ms": 1374196354970.062 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-19T05:12:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-19T01:12:35Z", "ms": 1374196354970.062 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:13 on Thu 18 Jul to 12:30 on Fri 19 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-18T11:12:34Z → 2013-07-19T08:30:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:11 on the 18th and 05:13 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26266 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Friday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Friday 19 July. Ekādaśī runs from 15:13 on Thu 18 Jul to 12:30 on Fri 19 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-07-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24681, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-20T09:19:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-20T05:19:03Z", "ms": 1374297542826.8352 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-21T05:46:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T01:46:26Z", "ms": 1374371185660.7712 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-20T09:19:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-20T05:19:03Z", "ms": 1374297542826.8352 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-21T05:46:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T01:46:26Z", "ms": 1374371185660.7712 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-19T21:58:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-19T17:58:01Z", "ms": 1374256680924.688 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-19T22:56:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-19T18:56:10Z", "ms": 1374260170232.3691 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 58, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-20T21:56:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-20T17:56:31Z", "ms": 1374342990820.3252 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-20T22:55:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-20T18:55:05Z", "ms": 1374346505126.3992 } }, "covered_min": 59, "window_min": 59, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:19 on Sat 20 Jul to 05:46 on Sun 21 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-20T05:19:03Z → 2013-07-21T01:46:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:58–22:56 on the 19th, 21:57–22:55 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 58 minutes on the 19th and 59 of 59 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24681 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 20 July. Trayodaśī runs from 09:19 on Sat 20 Jul to 05:46 on Sun 21 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-07-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11739, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T02:01:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T22:15:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T02:01:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T22:15:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T05:17:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T01:17:27Z", "ms": 1374455847038.853 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T08:36:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T04:36:38Z", "ms": 1374467798147.951 } }, "covered_min": 199, "window_min": 199, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-23T05:19:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-23T01:19:07Z", "ms": 1374542347422.9666 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T08:37:39+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-23T04:37:39Z", "ms": 1374554258857.9587 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 199, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 22:16 on Mon 22 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z → 2013-07-22T18:15:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:17–08:37 on the 22nd, 05:19–08:38 on the 23rd.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 199 of 199 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 199 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11739 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Moscow, 2013: Monday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vyāsa Pūjā 2013 falls on Monday 22 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 22:16 on Mon 22 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29767, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T02:01:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T22:15:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T02:01:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T22:15:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-21T13:11:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T09:11:23Z", "ms": 1374397883065.8728 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-21T13:59:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T09:59:23Z", "ms": 1374400763065.8728 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T13:11:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T09:11:25Z", "ms": 1374484284811.5977 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T13:59:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T09:59:25Z", "ms": 1374487164811.5977 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 22:16 on Mon 22 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z → 2013-07-22T18:15:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:11–13:59 on the 21st, 13:11–13:59 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29767 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Moscow, 2013: Monday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Guru Pūrṇimā 2013 falls on Monday 22 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 22:16 on Mon 22 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1329, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T02:01:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T22:15:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T02:01:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T22:15:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-21T18:35:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T14:35:08Z", "ms": 1374417308035.8687 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-21T21:54:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T17:54:58Z", "ms": 1374429298015.866 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 200, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T18:34:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T14:34:11Z", "ms": 1374503651475.2446 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T21:53:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T17:53:23Z", "ms": 1374515602584.3425 } }, "covered_min": 199, "window_min": 199, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 22:16 on Mon 22 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z → 2013-07-22T18:15:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 18:35–21:55 on the 21st, 18:34–21:53 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 200 minutes on the 21st and 199 of 199 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1329 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Monday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kokilā Vrata 2013 falls on Monday 22 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 22:16 on Mon 22 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1329, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T02:01:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T22:15:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T02:01:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z", "ms": 1374444108152.1614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T22:15:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:15:32Z", "ms": 1374516931945.7446 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-21T21:54:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T17:54:58Z", "ms": 1374429298015.866 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-21T22:53:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-21T18:53:58Z", "ms": 1374432837885.5977 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 59, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-22T21:53:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T17:53:23Z", "ms": 1374515602584.3425 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-22T22:52:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-22T18:52:49Z", "ms": 1374519168562.8257 } }, "covered_min": 22, "window_min": 59, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 22:16 on Mon 22 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-21T22:01:48Z → 2013-07-22T18:15:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:55–22:54 on the 21st, 21:53–22:53 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 59 minutes on the 21st and 22 of 59 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1329 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Moscow, 2013: Monday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śiva Śayanotsava 2013 falls on Monday 22 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:02 on Mon 22 Jul to 22:16 on Mon 22 Jul and covers 22 of 59 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10882, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-07-23T18:38:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-23T14:38:34Z", "ms": 1374590314250.636 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-24T15:21:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-24T11:21:58Z", "ms": 1374664918444.1172 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-23T18:38:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-23T14:38:34Z", "ms": 1374590314250.636 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-24T15:21:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-24T11:21:58Z", "ms": 1374664918444.1172 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-23T21:39:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-23T17:39:56Z", "ms": 1374601196290.6926 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-23T21:39:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-23T17:39:56Z", "ms": 1374601196290.6926 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-24T22:05:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-24T18:05:04Z", "ms": 1374689104017.2275 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-24T22:05:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-24T18:05:04Z", "ms": 1374689104017.2275 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 18:39 on Tue 23 Jul to 15:22 on Wed 24 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-23T14:38:34Z → 2013-07-24T11:21:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:40 on the 23rd and 22:05 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10882 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 23 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 2013 falls on Tuesday 23 July. Dvitīyā runs from 18:39 on Tue 23 Jul to 15:22 on Wed 24 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-07-25", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-07-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35440, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-07-25T12:36:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-25T08:36:19Z", "ms": 1374741379254.045 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-26T10:30:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-26T06:30:59Z", "ms": 1374820258689.0537 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-07-25T12:36:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-25T08:36:19Z", "ms": 1374741379254.045 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-26T10:30:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-26T06:30:59Z", "ms": 1374820258689.0537 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-25T22:26:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-25T18:26:59Z", "ms": 1374776819376.3062 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-25T22:26:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-25T18:26:59Z", "ms": 1374776819376.3062 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-07-26T22:47:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-26T18:47:28Z", "ms": 1374864447694.6777 }, "end": { "local": "2013-07-26T22:47:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-07-26T18:47:28Z", "ms": 1374864447694.6777 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:36 on Thu 25 Jul to 10:31 on Fri 26 Jul.", "fact": "2013-07-25T08:36:19Z → 2013-07-26T06:30:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:27 on the 25th and 22:47 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35440 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 25 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-07-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Thursday 25 July. Caturthī runs from 12:36 on Thu 25 Jul to 10:31 on Fri 26 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-07-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-08-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32252, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-01T14:32:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-01T10:32:37Z", "ms": 1375353156593.1792 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-02T17:02:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-02T13:02:40Z", "ms": 1375448560352.2312 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-01T14:32:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-01T10:32:37Z", "ms": 1375353156593.1792 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-02T17:02:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-02T13:02:40Z", "ms": 1375448560352.2312 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-01T05:35:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-01T01:35:05Z", "ms": 1375320904595.532 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-01T05:35:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-01T01:35:05Z", "ms": 1375320904595.532 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-02T05:36:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-02T01:36:56Z", "ms": 1375407415621.1177 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-02T05:36:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-02T01:36:56Z", "ms": 1375407415621.1177 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:33 on Thu 1 Aug to 17:03 on Fri 2 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-01T10:32:37Z → 2013-08-02T13:02:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:35 on the 1st and 05:37 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 1st and is on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32252 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Friday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Friday 2 August. Ekādaśī runs from 14:33 on Thu 1 Aug to 17:03 on Fri 2 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-08-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-08-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-03", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1612, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-03T19:33:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-03T15:33:45Z", "ms": 1375544024919.036 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-04T21:56:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T17:56:06Z", "ms": 1375638966322.1848 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-03T19:33:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-03T15:33:45Z", "ms": 1375544024919.036 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-04T21:56:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T17:56:06Z", "ms": 1375638966322.1848 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-03T21:31:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-03T17:31:18Z", "ms": 1375551077916.9314 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-03T22:36:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-03T18:36:33Z", "ms": 1375554992818.196 } }, "covered_min": 65, "window_min": 65, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-04T21:29:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T17:29:15Z", "ms": 1375637354573.0107 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-04T22:35:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T18:35:01Z", "ms": 1375641300974.6987 } }, "covered_min": 27, "window_min": 66, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:34 on Sat 3 Aug to 21:56 on Sun 4 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-03T15:33:45Z → 2013-08-04T17:56:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:31–22:37 on the 3rd, 21:29–22:35 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 65 of 65 minutes on the 3rd and 27 of 66 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1612 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-03", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-03", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 3 August. Trayodaśī runs from 19:34 on Sat 3 Aug to 21:56 on Sun 4 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 27 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-08-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-08-04", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4125, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-04T21:56:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T17:56:06Z", "ms": 1375638966322.1848 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-06T00:03:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-05T20:03:03Z", "ms": 1375732982900.3413 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-04T21:56:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T17:56:06Z", "ms": 1375638966322.1848 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-06T00:03:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-05T20:03:03Z", "ms": 1375732982900.3413 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-05T01:11:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T21:11:54Z", "ms": 1375650713579.3403 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-05T01:59:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-04T21:59:54Z", "ms": 1375653593579.3403 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-06T01:11:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-05T21:11:48Z", "ms": 1375737107763.6025 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-06T01:59:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-05T21:59:48Z", "ms": 1375739987763.6025 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:56 on Sun 4 Aug to 00:03 on Tue 6 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-04T17:56:06Z → 2013-08-05T20:03:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:12–02:00 on the 4th, 01:12–02:00 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4125 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Sunday 4 August. Caturdaśī runs from 21:56 on Sun 4 Aug to 00:03 on Tue 6 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-08-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29175, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-08-09T04:21:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-09T00:21:51Z", "ms": 1376007710573.3984 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-10T05:03:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T01:03:57Z", "ms": 1376096637034.5894 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-09T04:21:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-09T00:21:51Z", "ms": 1376007710573.3984 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-10T05:03:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T01:03:57Z", "ms": 1376096637034.5894 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-09T13:10:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-09T09:10:21Z", "ms": 1376039421061.8154 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-09T13:58:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-09T09:58:21Z", "ms": 1376042301061.8154 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-10T13:10:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T09:10:12Z", "ms": 1376125812141.2373 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-10T13:58:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T09:58:12Z", "ms": 1376128692141.2373 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 04:22 on Fri 9 Aug to 05:04 on Sat 10 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-09T00:21:51Z → 2013-08-10T01:03:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:10–13:58 on the 9th, 13:10–13:58 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29175 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Moscow, 2013: Friday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 2013 falls on Friday 9 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 04:22 on Fri 9 Aug to 05:04 on Sat 10 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-08-10", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28052, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-10T05:03:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T01:03:57Z", "ms": 1376096637034.5894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-11T05:22:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T01:22:31Z", "ms": 1376184150790.1062 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-10T05:03:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T01:03:57Z", "ms": 1376096637034.5894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-11T05:22:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T01:22:31Z", "ms": 1376184150790.1062 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-10T13:10:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T09:10:12Z", "ms": 1376125812141.2373 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-10T13:58:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-10T09:58:12Z", "ms": 1376128692141.2373 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-11T13:10:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T09:10:03Z", "ms": 1376212202655.6614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-11T13:58:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T09:58:03Z", "ms": 1376215082655.6614 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:04 on Sat 10 Aug to 05:23 on Sun 11 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-10T01:03:57Z → 2013-08-11T01:22:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:10–13:58 on the 10th, 13:10–13:58 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28052 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Saturday 10 August. Caturthī runs from 05:04 on Sat 10 Aug to 05:23 on Sun 11 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-08-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28052, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-11T05:22:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T01:22:31Z", "ms": 1376184150790.1062 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-12T05:15:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-12T01:15:52Z", "ms": 1376270152371.0354 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-11T05:22:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T01:22:31Z", "ms": 1376184150790.1062 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-12T05:15:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-12T01:15:52Z", "ms": 1376270152371.0354 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-11T13:10:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T09:10:03Z", "ms": 1376212202655.6614 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-11T13:58:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-11T09:58:03Z", "ms": 1376215082655.6614 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-12T13:09:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-12T09:09:53Z", "ms": 1376298592608.7656 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-12T13:57:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-12T09:57:53Z", "ms": 1376301472608.7656 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 05:23 on Sun 11 Aug to 05:16 on Mon 12 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-11T01:22:31Z → 2013-08-12T01:15:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:10–13:58 on the 11th, 13:10–13:58 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28052 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Nāga Pañcamī 2013 falls on Sunday 11 August. Pañcamī runs from 05:23 on Sun 11 Aug to 05:16 on Mon 12 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-08-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30818, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-16T21:31:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-16T17:31:56Z", "ms": 1376674316052.0337 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-17T18:38:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T14:38:26Z", "ms": 1376750306320.2715 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-16T21:31:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-16T17:31:56Z", "ms": 1376674316052.0337 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-17T18:38:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T14:38:26Z", "ms": 1376750306320.2715 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-17T06:05:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T02:05:34Z", "ms": 1376705133819.7517 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-17T06:05:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T02:05:34Z", "ms": 1376705133819.7517 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-18T06:07:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T02:07:30Z", "ms": 1376791649941.0823 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-18T06:07:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T02:07:30Z", "ms": 1376791649941.0823 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:32 on Fri 16 Aug to 18:38 on Sat 17 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-16T17:31:56Z → 2013-08-17T14:38:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:06 on the 17th and 06:07 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 17th and is not on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30818 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Putradā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Saturday 17 August. Ekādaśī runs from 21:32 on Fri 16 Aug to 18:38 on Sat 17 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-08-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5501, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-17T18:38:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T14:38:26Z", "ms": 1376750306320.2715 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-18T15:28:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T11:28:22Z", "ms": 1376825301883.648 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-17T18:38:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T14:38:26Z", "ms": 1376750306320.2715 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-18T15:28:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T11:28:22Z", "ms": 1376825301883.648 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-17T13:08:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T09:08:54Z", "ms": 1376730534169.3672 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-17T13:56:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-17T09:56:54Z", "ms": 1376733414169.3672 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-18T13:08:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T09:08:41Z", "ms": 1376816920903.5457 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-18T13:56:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T09:56:41Z", "ms": 1376819800903.5457 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 18:38 on Sat 17 Aug to 15:28 on Sun 18 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-17T14:38:26Z → 2013-08-18T11:28:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:09–13:57 on the 17th, 13:09–13:57 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5501 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 2013 falls on Sunday 18 August. Dvādaśī runs from 18:38 on Sat 17 Aug to 15:28 on Sun 18 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-08-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19770, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-18T15:28:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T11:28:22Z", "ms": 1376825301883.648 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-19T12:09:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-19T08:09:44Z", "ms": 1376899784384.859 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-18T15:28:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T11:28:22Z", "ms": 1376825301883.648 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-19T12:09:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-19T08:09:44Z", "ms": 1376899784384.859 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-18T20:57:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T16:57:52Z", "ms": 1376845071866.009 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-18T22:11:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-18T18:11:24Z", "ms": 1376849484429.8323 } }, "covered_min": 74, "window_min": 74, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-19T20:55:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-19T16:55:28Z", "ms": 1376931328185.3572 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-19T22:09:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-19T18:09:35Z", "ms": 1376935775396.3613 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 74, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:28 on Sun 18 Aug to 12:10 on Mon 19 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-18T11:28:22Z → 2013-08-19T08:09:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:58–22:11 on the 18th, 20:55–22:10 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 74 of 74 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 74 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19770 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Sunday 18 August. Trayodaśī runs from 15:28 on Sun 18 Aug to 12:10 on Mon 19 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1722, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-08-20T08:51:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T04:51:49Z", "ms": 1376974309090.98 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T05:44:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T01:44:37Z", "ms": 1377049476903.735 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "2013-08-20T19:16:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T15:16:14Z", "ms": 1377011774100.9443 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T05:44:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T01:44:37Z", "ms": 1377049476903.735 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-20T06:11:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T02:11:22Z", "ms": 1376964682267.888 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T06:13:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T02:13:18Z", "ms": 1377051198451.5002 } }, "covered_min": 628, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-21T06:13:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T02:13:18Z", "ms": 1377051198451.5002 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-22T06:15:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T02:15:15Z", "ms": 1377137714638.853 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:52 on Tue 20 Aug to 05:45 on Wed 21 Aug. Its second half begins at 19:16 on Tue 20 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-20T04:51:49Z → 2013-08-21T01:44:37Z · second half from 2013-08-20T15:16:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:11 on the 20th, and from 06:13 on the 21st.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 628 of 1442 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 1442 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1722 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 2013 falls on Tuesday 20 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 19:16 on Tue 20 Aug to 05:45 on Wed 21 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15384, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-08-20T08:51:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T04:51:49Z", "ms": 1376974309090.98 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T05:44:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T01:44:37Z", "ms": 1377049476903.735 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-20T08:51:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T04:51:49Z", "ms": 1376974309090.98 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T05:44:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T01:44:37Z", "ms": 1377049476903.735 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-20T13:08:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T09:08:13Z", "ms": 1376989692893.963 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-20T13:56:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-20T09:56:13Z", "ms": 1376992572893.963 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-21T13:07:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T09:07:58Z", "ms": 1377076078181.761 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T13:55:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T09:55:58Z", "ms": 1377078958181.761 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 08:52 on Tue 20 Aug to 05:45 on Wed 21 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-20T04:51:49Z → 2013-08-21T01:44:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 20th, 13:08–13:56 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15384 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 2013 falls on Tuesday 20 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 08:52 on Tue 20 Aug to 05:45 on Wed 21 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13947, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-08-22T02:58:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T22:58:23Z", "ms": 1377125902757.413 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-23T00:42:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T20:42:58Z", "ms": 1377204177995.4688 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-22T02:58:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T22:58:23Z", "ms": 1377125902757.413 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-23T00:42:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T20:42:58Z", "ms": 1377204177995.4688 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-21T20:28:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T16:28:48Z", "ms": 1377102528236.1504 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-21T20:28:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-21T16:28:48Z", "ms": 1377102528236.1504 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-22T20:50:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T16:50:31Z", "ms": 1377190230509.3213 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-22T20:50:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T16:50:31Z", "ms": 1377190230509.3213 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 02:58 on Thu 22 Aug to 00:43 on Fri 23 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-21T22:58:23Z → 2013-08-22T20:42:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:29 on the 21st and 20:51 on the 22nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13947 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 2013 falls on Thursday 22 August. Dvitīyā runs from 02:58 on Thu 22 Aug to 00:43 on Fri 23 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33096, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T00:42:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T20:42:58Z", "ms": 1377204177995.4688 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-23T23:07:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z", "ms": 1377284823606.5972 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T00:42:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T20:42:58Z", "ms": 1377204177995.4688 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-23T23:07:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z", "ms": 1377284823606.5972 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-22T13:07:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T09:07:43Z", "ms": 1377162463020.6177 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-22T13:55:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-22T09:55:43Z", "ms": 1377165343020.6177 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T13:07:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T09:07:27Z", "ms": 1377248847428.078 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-23T13:55:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T09:55:27Z", "ms": 1377251727428.078 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 00:43 on Fri 23 Aug to 23:07 on Fri 23 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-22T20:42:58Z → 2013-08-23T19:07:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:08–13:56 on the 22nd, 13:07–13:55 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33096 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Moscow, 2013: Friday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 2013 falls on Friday 23 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 00:43 on Fri 23 Aug to 23:07 on Fri 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5637, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T23:07:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z", "ms": 1377284823606.5972 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-24T22:17:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T18:17:13Z", "ms": 1377368232925.4604 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T23:07:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z", "ms": 1377284823606.5972 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-24T22:17:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T18:17:13Z", "ms": 1377368232925.4604 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T17:52:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T13:52:01Z", "ms": 1377265921390.1072 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-23T20:45:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T16:45:44Z", "ms": 1377276344031.46 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 174, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-24T17:50:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T13:50:26Z", "ms": 1377352226071.991 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-24T20:43:16+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T16:43:16Z", "ms": 1377362595838.93 } }, "covered_min": 173, "window_min": 173, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:07 on Fri 23 Aug to 22:17 on Sat 24 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z → 2013-08-24T18:17:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:52–20:46 on the 23rd, 17:50–20:43 on the 24th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 174 minutes on the 23rd and 173 of 173 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5637 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Bahulā Caturthī 2013 falls on Saturday 24 August. Caturthī runs from 23:07 on Fri 23 Aug to 22:17 on Sat 24 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-08-24", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2624, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T23:07:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z", "ms": 1377284823606.5972 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-24T22:17:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T18:17:13Z", "ms": 1377368232925.4604 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T23:07:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z", "ms": 1377284823606.5972 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-24T22:17:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T18:17:13Z", "ms": 1377368232925.4604 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-23T21:11:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T17:11:37Z", "ms": 1377277897103.6587 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-23T21:11:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-23T17:11:37Z", "ms": 1377277897103.6587 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-24T21:33:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T17:33:29Z", "ms": 1377365608599.2195 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-24T21:33:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-24T17:33:29Z", "ms": 1377365608599.2195 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:07 on Fri 23 Aug to 22:17 on Sat 24 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-23T19:07:04Z → 2013-08-24T18:17:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:12 on the 23rd and 21:33 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2624 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Saturday 24 August. Caturthī runs from 23:07 on Fri 23 Aug to 22:17 on Sat 24 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-08-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30112, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-25T22:16:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-25T18:16:47Z", "ms": 1377454607466.393 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-26T23:04:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T19:04:58Z", "ms": 1377543897913.894 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-25T22:16:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-25T18:16:47Z", "ms": 1377454607466.393 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-26T23:04:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T19:04:58Z", "ms": 1377543897913.894 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-25T13:06:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-25T09:06:55Z", "ms": 1377421615018.1597 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-25T13:54:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-25T09:54:55Z", "ms": 1377424495018.1597 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-26T13:06:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T09:06:38Z", "ms": 1377507998234.2942 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-26T13:54:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T09:54:38Z", "ms": 1377510878234.2942 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:17 on Sun 25 Aug to 23:05 on Mon 26 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-25T18:16:47Z → 2013-08-26T19:04:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 25th, 13:07–13:55 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30112 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Moscow, 2013: Monday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 2013 falls on Monday 26 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:17 on Sun 25 Aug to 23:05 on Mon 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33020, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-26T23:04:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T19:04:58Z", "ms": 1377543897913.894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-28T00:36:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T20:36:11Z", "ms": 1377635771061.9106 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-26T23:04:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T19:04:58Z", "ms": 1377543897913.894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-28T00:36:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T20:36:11Z", "ms": 1377635771061.9106 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-26T13:06:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T09:06:38Z", "ms": 1377507998234.2942 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-26T13:54:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-26T09:54:38Z", "ms": 1377510878234.2942 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-27T13:06:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T09:06:21Z", "ms": 1377594381085.9521 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-27T13:54:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T09:54:21Z", "ms": 1377597261085.9521 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 23:05 on Mon 26 Aug to 00:36 on Wed 28 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-26T19:04:58Z → 2013-08-27T20:36:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:07–13:55 on the 26th, 13:06–13:54 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33020 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śītalā Saptamī 2013 falls on Tuesday 27 August. Saptamī runs from 23:05 on Mon 26 Aug to 00:36 on Wed 28 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-08-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1868, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-28T00:36:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T20:36:11Z", "ms": 1377635771061.9106 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-29T02:40:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-28T22:40:26Z", "ms": 1377729625864.2354 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-28T00:36:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T20:36:11Z", "ms": 1377635771061.9106 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-29T02:40:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-28T22:40:26Z", "ms": 1377729625864.2354 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-28T01:07:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T21:07:19Z", "ms": 1377637639137.764 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-28T01:55:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-27T21:55:19Z", "ms": 1377640519137.764 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-29T01:07:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-28T21:07:02Z", "ms": 1377724021624.79 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-29T01:55:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-28T21:55:02Z", "ms": 1377726901624.79 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 00:36 on Wed 28 Aug to 02:40 on Thu 29 Aug.", "fact": "2013-08-27T20:36:11Z → 2013-08-28T22:40:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:07–01:55 on the 27th, 01:07–01:55 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 1868 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 28 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Janmāṣṭamī 2013 falls on Wednesday 28 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 00:36 on Wed 28 Aug to 02:40 on Thu 29 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the previous night for 48 minutes; by the rule the second night is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-09-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3686, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-08-31T07:34:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-31T03:34:06Z", "ms": 1377920046141.4187 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-01T09:56:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-01T05:56:04Z", "ms": 1378014964448.9822 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-08-31T07:34:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-31T03:34:06Z", "ms": 1377920046141.4187 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-01T09:56:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-01T05:56:04Z", "ms": 1378014964448.9822 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-08-31T06:32:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-31T02:32:40Z", "ms": 1377916359664.8997 }, "end": { "local": "2013-08-31T06:32:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-08-31T02:32:40Z", "ms": 1377916359664.8997 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-01T06:34:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-01T02:34:36Z", "ms": 1378002875620.5999 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-01T06:34:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-01T02:34:36Z", "ms": 1378002875620.5999 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:34 on Sat 31 Aug to 09:56 on Sun 1 Sep.", "fact": "2013-08-31T03:34:06Z → 2013-09-01T05:56:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:33 on the 31st and 06:35 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3686 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ajā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Sunday 1 September. Ekādaśī runs from 07:34 on Sat 31 Aug to 09:56 on Sun 1 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-09-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23890, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-02T12:00:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-02T08:00:10Z", "ms": 1378108809686.509 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-03T13:39:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z", "ms": 1378201186878.1428 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-02T12:00:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-02T08:00:10Z", "ms": 1378108809686.509 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-03T13:39:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z", "ms": 1378201186878.1428 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-02T20:20:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-02T16:20:31Z", "ms": 1378138831262.4272 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-02T21:42:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-02T17:42:55Z", "ms": 1378143774747.3162 } }, "covered_min": 82, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T20:17:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T16:17:57Z", "ms": 1378225076845.3196 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-03T21:40:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T17:40:56Z", "ms": 1378230056361.8254 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:00 on Mon 2 Sep to 13:40 on Tue 3 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-02T08:00:10Z → 2013-09-03T09:39:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:21–21:43 on the 2nd, 20:18–21:41 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 82 of 82 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 83 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23890 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Monday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Monday 2 September. Trayodaśī runs from 12:00 on Mon 2 Sep to 13:40 on Tue 3 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-09-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19409, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T13:39:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z", "ms": 1378201186878.1428 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-04T14:51:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T10:51:53Z", "ms": 1378291912630.4824 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T13:39:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z", "ms": 1378201186878.1428 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-04T14:51:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T10:51:53Z", "ms": 1378291912630.4824 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T20:17:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T16:17:57Z", "ms": 1378225076845.3196 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-03T21:40:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T17:40:56Z", "ms": 1378230056361.8254 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-04T20:15:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T16:15:22Z", "ms": 1378311321984.2861 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-04T21:38:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T17:38:58Z", "ms": 1378316337585.3794 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:40 on Tue 3 Sep to 14:52 on Wed 4 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z → 2013-09-04T10:51:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:18–21:41 on the 3rd, 20:15–21:39 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 84 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19409 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Aghora Caturdaśī 2013 falls on Tuesday 3 September. Caturdaśī runs from 13:40 on Tue 3 Sep to 14:52 on Wed 4 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-09-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36778, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T13:39:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z", "ms": 1378201186878.1428 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-04T14:51:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T10:51:53Z", "ms": 1378291912630.4824 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-03T13:39:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z", "ms": 1378201186878.1428 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-04T14:51:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T10:51:53Z", "ms": 1378291912630.4824 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-04T01:05:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T21:05:10Z", "ms": 1378242310032.2168 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-04T01:53:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-03T21:53:10Z", "ms": 1378245190032.2168 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-05T01:04:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T21:04:50Z", "ms": 1378328690488.3855 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-05T01:52:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-04T21:52:50Z", "ms": 1378331570488.3855 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:40 on Tue 3 Sep to 14:52 on Wed 4 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-03T09:39:47Z → 2013-09-04T10:51:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:05–01:53 on the 3rd, 01:05–01:53 on the 4th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36778 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Tuesday 3 September. Caturdaśī runs from 13:40 on Tue 3 Sep to 14:52 on Wed 4 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-09-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6276, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-09-05T15:36:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-05T11:36:08Z", "ms": 1378380968436.1025 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-06T15:53:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-06T11:53:59Z", "ms": 1378468438876.5725 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-05T15:36:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-05T11:36:08Z", "ms": 1378380968436.1025 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-06T15:53:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-06T11:53:59Z", "ms": 1378468438876.5725 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-05T13:03:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-05T09:03:33Z", "ms": 1378371812850.3096 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-05T13:51:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-05T09:51:33Z", "ms": 1378374692850.3096 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-06T13:03:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-06T09:03:13Z", "ms": 1378458192882.2764 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-06T13:51:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-06T09:51:13Z", "ms": 1378461072882.2764 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 15:36 on Thu 5 Sep to 15:54 on Fri 6 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-05T11:36:08Z → 2013-09-06T11:53:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:04–13:52 on the 5th, 13:03–13:51 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6276 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Friday 6 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rudra Vrata 2013 falls on Friday 6 September. Pratipadā runs from 15:36 on Thu 5 Sep to 15:54 on Fri 6 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5304, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-09-07T15:47:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-07T11:47:32Z", "ms": 1378554452496.3186 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-08T15:18:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T11:18:56Z", "ms": 1378639136114.314 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-07T15:47:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-07T11:47:32Z", "ms": 1378554452496.3186 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-08T15:18:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T11:18:56Z", "ms": 1378639136114.314 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-07T13:02:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-07T09:02:53Z", "ms": 1378544572711.8853 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-07T13:50:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-07T09:50:53Z", "ms": 1378547452711.8853 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-08T13:02:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T09:02:32Z", "ms": 1378630952353.608 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-08T13:50:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T09:50:32Z", "ms": 1378633832353.608 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:48 on Sat 7 Sep to 15:19 on Sun 8 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-07T11:47:32Z → 2013-09-08T11:18:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 7th, 13:03–13:51 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5304 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 2013 falls on Sunday 8 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:48 on Sat 7 Sep to 15:19 on Sun 8 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2376, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-08T15:18:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T11:18:56Z", "ms": 1378639136114.314 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-09T14:29:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T10:29:48Z", "ms": 1378722587762.0718 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-08T15:18:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T11:18:56Z", "ms": 1378639136114.314 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-09T14:29:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T10:29:48Z", "ms": 1378722587762.0718 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-08T13:02:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T09:02:32Z", "ms": 1378630952353.608 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-08T13:50:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-08T09:50:32Z", "ms": 1378633832353.608 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-09T13:02:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T09:02:12Z", "ms": 1378717331822.2676 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-09T13:50:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T09:50:12Z", "ms": 1378720211822.2676 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:19 on Sun 8 Sep to 14:30 on Mon 9 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-08T11:18:56Z → 2013-09-09T10:29:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:03–13:51 on the 8th, 13:02–13:50 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2376 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Monday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 2013 falls on Monday 9 September. Caturthī runs from 15:19 on Sun 8 Sep to 14:30 on Mon 9 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1158, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-09T14:29:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T10:29:48Z", "ms": 1378722587762.0718 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-10T13:21:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T09:21:10Z", "ms": 1378804869556.9802 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-09T14:29:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T10:29:48Z", "ms": 1378722587762.0718 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-10T13:21:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T09:21:10Z", "ms": 1378804869556.9802 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-09T13:02:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T09:02:12Z", "ms": 1378717331822.2676 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-09T13:50:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-09T09:50:12Z", "ms": 1378720211822.2676 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-10T13:01:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T09:01:51Z", "ms": 1378803711133.2166 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-10T13:49:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T09:49:51Z", "ms": 1378806591133.2166 } }, "covered_min": 19, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 14:30 on Mon 9 Sep to 13:21 on Tue 10 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-09T10:29:48Z → 2013-09-10T09:21:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:02–13:50 on the 9th, 13:02–13:50 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 19 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 1158 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-10", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 2013 falls on Tuesday 10 September. Pañcamī runs from 14:30 on Mon 9 Sep to 13:21 on Tue 10 Sep and covers 19 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1158, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-10T13:21:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T09:21:10Z", "ms": 1378804869556.9802 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-11T11:53:39+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T07:53:39Z", "ms": 1378886018624.9114 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-10T13:21:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T09:21:10Z", "ms": 1378804869556.9802 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-11T11:53:39+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T07:53:39Z", "ms": 1378886018624.9114 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-10T13:01:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T09:01:51Z", "ms": 1378803711133.2166 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-10T13:49:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-10T09:49:51Z", "ms": 1378806591133.2166 } }, "covered_min": 29, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-11T13:01:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T09:01:30Z", "ms": 1378890090302.5125 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-11T13:49:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T09:49:30Z", "ms": 1378892970302.5125 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:21 on Tue 10 Sep to 11:54 on Wed 11 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-10T09:21:10Z → 2013-09-11T07:53:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:02–13:50 on the 10th, 13:02–13:50 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 29 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1158 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 2013 falls on Tuesday 10 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:21 on Tue 10 Sep to 11:54 on Wed 11 Sep and covers 29 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4072, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-11T11:53:39+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T07:53:39Z", "ms": 1378886018624.9114 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-12T10:07:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T06:07:51Z", "ms": 1378966071127.2183 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-11T11:53:39+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T07:53:39Z", "ms": 1378886018624.9114 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-12T10:07:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T06:07:51Z", "ms": 1378966071127.2183 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-11T13:01:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T09:01:30Z", "ms": 1378890090302.5125 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-11T13:49:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-11T09:49:30Z", "ms": 1378892970302.5125 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-12T13:01:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T09:01:09Z", "ms": 1378976469347.085 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-12T13:49:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T09:49:09Z", "ms": 1378979349347.085 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 11:54 on Wed 11 Sep to 10:08 on Thu 12 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-11T07:53:39Z → 2013-09-12T06:07:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:02–13:50 on the 11th, 13:01–13:49 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4072 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 2013 falls on Wednesday 11 September. Saptamī runs from 11:54 on Wed 11 Sep to 10:08 on Thu 12 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10398, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-12T10:07:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T06:07:51Z", "ms": 1378966071127.2183 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-13T08:04:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-13T04:04:52Z", "ms": 1379045092067.7493 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-12T10:07:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T06:07:51Z", "ms": 1378966071127.2183 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-13T08:04:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-13T04:04:52Z", "ms": 1379045092067.7493 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-12T13:01:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T09:01:09Z", "ms": 1378976469347.085 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-12T13:49:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-12T09:49:09Z", "ms": 1378979349347.085 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-13T13:00:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-13T09:00:48Z", "ms": 1379062848284.884 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-13T13:48:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-13T09:48:48Z", "ms": 1379065728284.884 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 10:08 on Thu 12 Sep to 08:05 on Fri 13 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-12T06:07:51Z → 2013-09-13T04:04:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:01–13:49 on the 12th, 13:01–13:49 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10398 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 12 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rādhāṣṭamī 2013 falls on Thursday 12 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 10:08 on Thu 12 Sep to 08:05 on Fri 13 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-09-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13494, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-15T03:16:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-14T23:16:41Z", "ms": 1379200600960.0059 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-16T00:39:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T20:39:27Z", "ms": 1379277566719.6868 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-15T03:16:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-14T23:16:41Z", "ms": 1379200600960.0059 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-16T00:39:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T20:39:27Z", "ms": 1379277566719.6868 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-15T07:01:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T03:01:35Z", "ms": 1379214094717.7144 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-15T07:01:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T03:01:35Z", "ms": 1379214094717.7144 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-16T07:03:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T03:03:30Z", "ms": 1379300610230.9868 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-16T07:03:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T03:03:30Z", "ms": 1379300610230.9868 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:17 on Sun 15 Sep to 00:39 on Mon 16 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-14T23:16:41Z → 2013-09-15T20:39:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:02 on the 15th and 07:04 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 15th and is not on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13494 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Sunday 15 September. Ekādaśī runs from 03:17 on Sun 15 Sep to 00:39 on Mon 16 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-09-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29596, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-16T00:39:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T20:39:27Z", "ms": 1379277566719.6868 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-16T22:01:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T18:01:00Z", "ms": 1379354460432.3118 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-16T00:39:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T20:39:27Z", "ms": 1379277566719.6868 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-16T22:01:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T18:01:00Z", "ms": 1379354460432.3118 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-15T13:00:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T09:00:06Z", "ms": 1379235605917.7139 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-15T13:48:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-15T09:48:06Z", "ms": 1379238485917.7139 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-16T12:59:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T08:59:45Z", "ms": 1379321984654.5723 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-16T13:47:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T09:47:45Z", "ms": 1379324864654.5723 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 00:39 on Mon 16 Sep to 22:01 on Mon 16 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-15T20:39:27Z → 2013-09-16T18:01:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:00–13:48 on the 15th, 13:00–13:48 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29596 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Moscow, 2013: Monday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vāmana Jayantī 2013 falls on Monday 16 September. Dvādaśī runs from 00:39 on Mon 16 Sep to 22:01 on Mon 16 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-09-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-16", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 772, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-16T22:01:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T18:01:00Z", "ms": 1379354460432.3118 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-17T19:28:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T15:28:29Z", "ms": 1379431708501.0896 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-16T22:01:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T18:01:00Z", "ms": 1379354460432.3118 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-17T19:28:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T15:28:29Z", "ms": 1379431708501.0896 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-16T19:43:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T15:43:59Z", "ms": 1379346239078.1575 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-16T21:14:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-16T17:14:51Z", "ms": 1379351690638.6409 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-17T19:41:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T15:41:21Z", "ms": 1379432480954.7505 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-17T21:12:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T17:12:49Z", "ms": 1379437969012.65 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:01 on Mon 16 Sep to 19:28 on Tue 17 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-16T18:01:00Z → 2013-09-17T15:28:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:44–21:15 on the 16th, 19:41–21:13 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 91 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 91 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 772 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Monday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-16", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-16", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Monday 16 September. Trayodaśī runs from 22:01 on Mon 16 Sep to 19:28 on Tue 17 Sep, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-09-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27125, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-17T19:28:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T15:28:29Z", "ms": 1379431708501.0896 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-18T17:09:42+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-18T13:09:42Z", "ms": 1379509782407.729 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-17T19:28:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T15:28:29Z", "ms": 1379431708501.0896 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-18T17:09:42+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-18T13:09:42Z", "ms": 1379509782407.729 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-17T07:05:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T03:05:26Z", "ms": 1379387125781.7825 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-17T09:36:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-17T05:36:37Z", "ms": 1379396196816.376 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-18T07:07:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-18T03:07:21Z", "ms": 1379473641388.9956 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-18T09:37:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-18T05:37:38Z", "ms": 1379482657666.3677 } }, "covered_min": 150, "window_min": 150, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:28 on Tue 17 Sep to 17:10 on Wed 18 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-17T15:28:29Z → 2013-09-18T13:09:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:05–09:37 on the 17th, 07:07–09:38 on the 18th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 151 minutes on the 17th and 150 of 150 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27125 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ananta Caturdaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 18 September. Caturdaśī runs from 19:28 on Tue 17 Sep to 17:10 on Wed 18 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-09-22", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27354, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-22T12:45:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-22T08:45:55Z", "ms": 1379839555397.894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-23T13:20:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-23T09:20:02Z", "ms": 1379928002472.5393 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-22T12:45:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-22T08:45:55Z", "ms": 1379839555397.894 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-23T13:20:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-23T09:20:02Z", "ms": 1379928002472.5393 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-22T20:25:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-22T16:25:18Z", "ms": 1379867117612.1965 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-22T20:25:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-22T16:25:18Z", "ms": 1379867117612.1965 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-23T20:55:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-23T16:55:57Z", "ms": 1379955356942.5137 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-23T20:55:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-23T16:55:57Z", "ms": 1379955356942.5137 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:46 on Sun 22 Sep to 13:20 on Mon 23 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-22T08:45:55Z → 2013-09-23T09:20:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:25 on the 22nd and 20:56 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27354 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 22 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Sunday 22 September. Caturthī runs from 12:46 on Sun 22 Sep to 13:20 on Mon 23 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-09-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20923, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-24T14:35:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-24T10:35:37Z", "ms": 1380018937367.9 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-25T16:26:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-25T12:26:29Z", "ms": 1380111988769.1836 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-24T14:35:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-24T10:35:37Z", "ms": 1380018937367.9 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-25T16:26:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-25T12:26:29Z", "ms": 1380111988769.1836 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-24T21:32:16+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-24T17:32:16Z", "ms": 1380043935516.525 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-24T21:32:16+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-24T17:32:16Z", "ms": 1380043935516.525 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-25T22:15:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-25T18:15:12Z", "ms": 1380132911696.3396 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-25T22:15:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-25T18:15:12Z", "ms": 1380132911696.3396 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:36 on Tue 24 Sep to 16:26 on Wed 25 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-24T10:35:37Z → 2013-09-25T12:26:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:32 on the 24th and 22:15 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 24th and is not on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20923 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 2013 falls on Tuesday 24 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:36 on Tue 24 Sep to 16:26 on Wed 25 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10285, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-26T18:42:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T14:42:18Z", "ms": 1380206537822.0588 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-27T21:09:46+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T17:09:46Z", "ms": 1380301785750.437 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-26T18:42:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T14:42:18Z", "ms": 1380206537822.0588 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-27T21:09:46+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T17:09:46Z", "ms": 1380301785750.437 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-26T23:05:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T19:05:02Z", "ms": 1380222301615.588 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-26T23:05:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T19:05:02Z", "ms": 1380222301615.588 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-28T00:01:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T20:01:11Z", "ms": 1380312070597.3398 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-28T00:01:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T20:01:11Z", "ms": 1380312070597.3398 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 18:42 on Thu 26 Sep to 21:10 on Fri 27 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-26T14:42:18Z → 2013-09-27T17:09:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:05 on the 26th and 00:01 on the 27th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10285 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 2013 falls on Thursday 26 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 18:42 on Thu 26 Sep to 21:10 on Fri 27 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-27", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1031, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-26T18:42:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T14:42:18Z", "ms": 1380206537822.0588 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-27T21:09:46+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T17:09:46Z", "ms": 1380301785750.437 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-26T18:42:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T14:42:18Z", "ms": 1380206537822.0588 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-27T21:09:46+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T17:09:46Z", "ms": 1380301785750.437 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-26T19:17:39+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T15:17:39Z", "ms": 1380208658797.546 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-26T20:54:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-26T16:54:36Z", "ms": 1380214475977.3013 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-27T19:15:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T15:15:01Z", "ms": 1380294901415.2834 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-27T20:52:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-27T16:52:35Z", "ms": 1380300755206.958 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 18:42 on Thu 26 Sep to 21:10 on Fri 27 Sep.", "fact": "2013-09-26T14:42:18Z → 2013-09-27T17:09:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:18–20:55 on the 26th, 19:15–20:53 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 97 of 97 minutes on the 26th and 98 of 98 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1031 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Moscow, 2013: Friday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-27", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-26", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 2013 falls on Friday 27 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 18:42 on Thu 26 Sep to 21:10 on Fri 27 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 97 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-09-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-09-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14830, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-09-30T01:43:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-29T21:43:11Z", "ms": 1380490990502.3345 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-01T03:25:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-30T23:25:28Z", "ms": 1380583528100.6072 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-09-30T01:43:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-29T21:43:11Z", "ms": 1380490990502.3345 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-01T03:25:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-30T23:25:28Z", "ms": 1380583528100.6072 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-09-30T07:30:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-30T03:30:40Z", "ms": 1380511840003.1753 }, "end": { "local": "2013-09-30T07:30:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-09-30T03:30:40Z", "ms": 1380511840003.1753 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-01T07:32:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-01T03:32:38Z", "ms": 1380598357967.1487 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-01T07:32:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-01T03:32:38Z", "ms": 1380598357967.1487 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:43 on Mon 30 Sep to 03:25 on Tue 1 Oct.", "fact": "2013-09-29T21:43:11Z → 2013-09-30T23:25:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:31 on the 30th and 07:33 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14830 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Monday 30 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-09-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Indirā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Monday 30 September. Ekādaśī runs from 01:43 on Mon 30 Sep to 03:25 on Tue 1 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-09-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-10-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28216, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-02T04:34:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-02T00:34:51Z", "ms": 1380674090799.475 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-03T05:08:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T01:08:41Z", "ms": 1380762520771.764 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-02T04:34:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-02T00:34:51Z", "ms": 1380674090799.475 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-03T05:08:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T01:08:41Z", "ms": 1380762520771.764 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-01T19:04:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-01T15:04:34Z", "ms": 1380639874499.6802 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-01T20:44:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-01T16:44:35Z", "ms": 1380645874726.7515 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-02T19:01:59+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-02T15:01:59Z", "ms": 1380726118566.578 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-02T20:42:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-02T16:42:35Z", "ms": 1380732155386.6763 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:35 on Wed 2 Oct to 05:09 on Thu 3 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-02T00:34:51Z → 2013-10-03T01:08:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:05–20:45 on the 1st, 19:02–20:43 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 1st and 101 of 101 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28216 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Wednesday 2 October. Trayodaśī runs from 04:35 on Wed 2 Oct to 05:09 on Thu 3 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-10-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-10-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12277, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-03T05:08:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T01:08:41Z", "ms": 1380762520771.764 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-04T05:07:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-04T01:07:35Z", "ms": 1380848855438.8503 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-03T05:08:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T01:08:41Z", "ms": 1380762520771.764 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-04T05:07:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-04T01:07:35Z", "ms": 1380848855438.8503 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-03T00:55:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-02T20:55:17Z", "ms": 1380747316641.947 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-03T01:43:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-02T21:43:17Z", "ms": 1380750196641.947 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-04T00:54:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T20:54:58Z", "ms": 1380833698262.7566 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-04T01:42:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-03T21:42:58Z", "ms": 1380836578262.7566 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:09 on Thu 3 Oct to 05:08 on Fri 4 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-03T01:08:41Z → 2013-10-04T01:07:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:55–01:43 on the 2nd, 00:55–01:43 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12277 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 3 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Thursday 3 October. Caturdaśī runs from 05:09 on Thu 3 Oct to 05:08 on Fri 4 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-10-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33475, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2013-10-04T05:07:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-04T01:07:35Z", "ms": 1380848855438.8503 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-05T04:34:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T00:34:31Z", "ms": 1380933271439.2383 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-04T05:07:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-04T01:07:35Z", "ms": 1380848855438.8503 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-05T04:34:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T00:34:31Z", "ms": 1380933271439.2383 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-04T14:25:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-04T10:25:30Z", "ms": 1380882330117.953 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-04T16:41:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-04T12:41:09Z", "ms": 1380890468984.752 } }, "covered_min": 136, "window_min": 136, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-05T14:24:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T10:24:45Z", "ms": 1380968684918.5059 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-05T16:39:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T12:39:29Z", "ms": 1380976769021.7166 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 135, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 05:08 on Fri 4 Oct to 04:35 on Sat 5 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-04T01:07:35Z → 2013-10-05T00:34:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 14:26–16:41 on the 4th, 14:25–16:39 on the 5th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 136 of 136 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 135 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33475 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Moscow, 2013: Friday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 2013 falls on Friday 4 October. Amāvasyā runs from 05:08 on Fri 4 Oct to 04:35 on Sat 5 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29931, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-10-05T04:34:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T00:34:31Z", "ms": 1380933271439.2383 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-06T03:33:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T23:33:48Z", "ms": 1381016027857.5525 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-05T04:34:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T00:34:31Z", "ms": 1380933271439.2383 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-06T03:33:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T23:33:48Z", "ms": 1381016027857.5525 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-05T12:53:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T08:53:23Z", "ms": 1380963202866.9006 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-05T13:41:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-05T09:41:23Z", "ms": 1380966082866.9006 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-06T12:53:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-06T08:53:05Z", "ms": 1381049585425.6294 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-06T13:41:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-06T09:41:05Z", "ms": 1381052465425.6294 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 04:35 on Sat 5 Oct to 03:34 on Sun 6 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-05T00:34:31Z → 2013-10-05T23:33:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:53–13:41 on the 5th, 12:53–13:41 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29931 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 2013 falls on Saturday 5 October. Pratipadā runs from 04:35 on Sat 5 Oct to 03:34 on Sun 6 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-10-08", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32028, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-08T00:28:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-07T20:28:58Z", "ms": 1381177738146.0925 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-08T22:34:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-08T18:34:19Z", "ms": 1381257259418.2405 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-08T00:28:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-07T20:28:58Z", "ms": 1381177738146.0925 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-08T22:34:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-08T18:34:19Z", "ms": 1381257259418.2405 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-07T12:52:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-07T08:52:48Z", "ms": 1381135968376.32 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-07T13:40:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-07T09:40:48Z", "ms": 1381138848376.32 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-08T12:52:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-08T08:52:32Z", "ms": 1381222351734.4292 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-08T13:40:32+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-08T09:40:32Z", "ms": 1381225231734.4292 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:29 on Tue 8 Oct to 22:34 on Tue 8 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-07T20:28:58Z → 2013-10-08T18:34:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:53–13:41 on the 7th, 12:53–13:41 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32028 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Tuesday 8 October. Caturthī runs from 00:29 on Tue 8 Oct to 22:34 on Tue 8 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-10-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27171, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-10T18:20:46+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-10T14:20:46Z", "ms": 1381414845555.1091 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-11T16:08:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T12:08:30Z", "ms": 1381493309968.1252 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-10T18:20:46+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-10T14:20:46Z", "ms": 1381414845555.1091 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-11T16:08:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T12:08:30Z", "ms": 1381493309968.1252 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-10T07:50:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-10T03:50:33Z", "ms": 1381377032547.1562 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-10T08:33:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-10T04:33:56Z", "ms": 1381379636172.3064 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 43, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-11T07:52:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T03:52:33Z", "ms": 1381463553443.543 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-11T08:35:39+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T04:35:39Z", "ms": 1381466138905.973 } }, "covered_min": 43, "window_min": 43, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 18:21 on Thu 10 Oct to 16:08 on Fri 11 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-10T14:20:46Z → 2013-10-11T12:08:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:51–08:34 on the 10th, 07:53–08:36 on the 11th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 43 minutes on the 10th and 43 of 43 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27171 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Moscow, 2013: Friday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Durgā Saptamī 2013 falls on Friday 11 October. Saptamī runs from 18:21 on Thu 10 Oct to 16:08 on Fri 11 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1025, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-11T16:08:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T12:08:30Z", "ms": 1381493309968.1252 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-12T13:56:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T09:56:35Z", "ms": 1381571795057.7688 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-11T16:08:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T12:08:30Z", "ms": 1381493309968.1252 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-12T13:56:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T09:56:35Z", "ms": 1381571795057.7688 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-11T12:51:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T08:51:44Z", "ms": 1381481504411.767 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-11T13:39:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-11T09:39:44Z", "ms": 1381484384411.767 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-12T12:51:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T08:51:30Z", "ms": 1381567889561.0374 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-12T13:39:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T09:39:30Z", "ms": 1381570769561.0374 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:08 on Fri 11 Oct to 13:57 on Sat 12 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-11T12:08:30Z → 2013-10-12T09:56:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:52–13:40 on the 11th, 12:51–13:39 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1025 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 2013 falls on Saturday 12 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:08 on Fri 11 Oct to 13:57 on Sat 12 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13885, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-13T11:48:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T07:48:01Z", "ms": 1381650480938.201 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-14T09:46:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T05:46:04Z", "ms": 1381729563578.8875 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "2013-10-13T11:48:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T07:48:01Z", "ms": 1381650480938.201 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-14T03:31:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T23:31:11Z", "ms": 1381707070864.2646 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "2013-10-13T04:51:46+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T00:51:46Z", "ms": 1381625505709.071 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-14T03:31:11+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T23:31:11Z", "ms": 1381707070864.2646 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-13T07:56:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T03:56:36Z", "ms": 1381636596156.8376 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-13T18:33:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T14:33:54Z", "ms": 1381674834247.6853 } }, "covered_min": 406, "window_min": 637, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-14T07:58:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T03:58:38Z", "ms": 1381723117978.1582 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-14T18:31:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T14:31:25Z", "ms": 1381761084729.8508 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 633, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 11:48 on Sun 13 Oct to 09:46 on Mon 14 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 04:52 on Sun 13 Oct to 03:31 on Mon 14 Oct. They are together from 11:48 on Sun 13 Oct to 03:31 on Mon 14 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-13T07:48:01Z → 2013-10-13T23:31:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 07:57–18:34 on the 13th, 07:59–18:31 on the 14th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 406 of 637 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 633 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13885 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 2013 falls on Sunday 13 October. Daśamī runs from 11:48 on Sun 13 Oct to 09:46 on Mon 14 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 406 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1025, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-12T13:56:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T09:56:35Z", "ms": 1381571795057.7688 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-13T11:48:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T07:48:01Z", "ms": 1381650480938.201 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-12T13:56:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T09:56:35Z", "ms": 1381571795057.7688 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-13T11:48:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T07:48:01Z", "ms": 1381650480938.201 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-12T12:51:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T08:51:30Z", "ms": 1381567889561.0374 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-12T13:39:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-12T09:39:30Z", "ms": 1381570769561.0374 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-13T12:51:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T08:51:15Z", "ms": 1381654275202.2615 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-13T13:39:15+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-13T09:39:15Z", "ms": 1381657155202.2615 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 13:57 on Sat 12 Oct to 11:48 on Sun 13 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-12T09:56:35Z → 2013-10-13T07:48:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:51–13:39 on the 12th, 12:51–13:39 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 1025 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mahānavamī 2013 falls on Sunday 13 October. Navamī runs from 13:57 on Sat 12 Oct to 11:48 on Sun 13 Oct, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-10-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 376, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-14T09:46:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T05:46:04Z", "ms": 1381729563578.8875 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-15T07:54:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-15T03:54:24Z", "ms": 1381809263657.8245 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-14T09:46:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T05:46:04Z", "ms": 1381729563578.8875 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-15T07:54:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-15T03:54:24Z", "ms": 1381809263657.8245 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-14T07:58:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T03:58:38Z", "ms": 1381723117978.1582 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-14T07:58:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-14T03:58:38Z", "ms": 1381723117978.1582 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-15T08:00:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-15T04:00:40Z", "ms": 1381809640113.9087 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-15T08:00:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-15T04:00:40Z", "ms": 1381809640113.9087 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:46 on Mon 14 Oct to 07:54 on Tue 15 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-14T05:46:04Z → 2013-10-15T03:54:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:59 on the 14th and 08:01 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 376 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Monday 14 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Monday 14 October. Ekādaśī runs from 09:46 on Mon 14 Oct to 07:54 on Tue 15 Oct, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-10-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-10-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31398, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-16T06:17:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-16T02:17:09Z", "ms": 1381889829386.2327 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-17T04:58:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-17T00:58:52Z", "ms": 1381971531911.342 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-16T06:17:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-16T02:17:09Z", "ms": 1381889829386.2327 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-17T04:58:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-17T00:58:52Z", "ms": 1381971531911.342 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-15T18:28:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-15T14:28:56Z", "ms": 1381847335960.392 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-15T20:17:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-15T16:17:26Z", "ms": 1381853846174.7444 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-16T18:26:28+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-16T14:26:28Z", "ms": 1381933587976.432 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-16T20:15:34+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-16T16:15:34Z", "ms": 1381940134292.1614 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:17 on Wed 16 Oct to 04:59 on Thu 17 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-16T02:17:09Z → 2013-10-17T00:58:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:29–20:17 on the 15th, 18:26–20:16 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 109 minutes on the 15th and 109 of 109 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31398 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Wednesday 16 October. Trayodaśī runs from 06:17 on Wed 16 Oct to 04:59 on Thu 17 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-10-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36483, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-22T05:36:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T01:36:27Z", "ms": 1382405787091.8755 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-23T07:21:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-23T03:21:57Z", "ms": 1382498516788.4307 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-22T05:36:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T01:36:27Z", "ms": 1382405787091.8755 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-23T07:21:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-23T03:21:57Z", "ms": 1382498516788.4307 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-21T19:28:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-21T15:28:25Z", "ms": 1382369304516.932 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-21T19:28:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-21T15:28:25Z", "ms": 1382369304516.932 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-22T20:08:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T16:08:54Z", "ms": 1382458134275.6895 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-22T20:08:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T16:08:54Z", "ms": 1382458134275.6895 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:36 on Tue 22 Oct to 07:22 on Wed 23 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-22T01:36:27Z → 2013-10-23T03:21:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:28 on the 21st and 20:09 on the 22nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36483 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 2013 falls on Tuesday 22 October. Caturthī runs from 05:36 on Tue 22 Oct to 07:22 on Wed 23 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-10-22", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36483, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-22T05:36:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T01:36:27Z", "ms": 1382405787091.8755 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-23T07:21:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-23T03:21:57Z", "ms": 1382498516788.4307 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-22T05:36:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T01:36:27Z", "ms": 1382405787091.8755 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-23T07:21:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-23T03:21:57Z", "ms": 1382498516788.4307 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-21T19:28:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-21T15:28:25Z", "ms": 1382369304516.932 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-21T19:28:25+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-21T15:28:25Z", "ms": 1382369304516.932 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-22T20:08:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T16:08:54Z", "ms": 1382458134275.6895 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-22T20:08:54+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-22T16:08:54Z", "ms": 1382458134275.6895 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:36 on Tue 22 Oct to 07:22 on Wed 23 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-22T01:36:27Z → 2013-10-23T03:21:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:28 on the 21st and 20:09 on the 22nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36483 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Tuesday 22 October. Caturthī runs from 05:36 on Tue 22 Oct to 07:22 on Wed 23 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-10-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29442, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-26T14:28:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-26T10:28:45Z", "ms": 1382783325295.811 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-27T16:47:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-27T12:47:56Z", "ms": 1382878075527.8862 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-26T14:28:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-26T10:28:45Z", "ms": 1382783325295.811 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-27T16:47:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-27T12:47:56Z", "ms": 1382878075527.8862 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-26T23:52:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-26T19:52:35Z", "ms": 1382817154732.3513 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-26T23:52:35+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-26T19:52:35Z", "ms": 1382817154732.3513 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-28T00:58:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-27T20:58:37Z", "ms": 1382907517499.9226 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-28T00:58:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-27T20:58:37Z", "ms": 1382907517499.9226 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:29 on Sat 26 Oct to 16:48 on Sun 27 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-26T10:28:45Z → 2013-10-27T12:47:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:53 on the 26th and 00:59 on the 27th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29442 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 2013 falls on Saturday 26 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:29 on Sat 26 Oct to 16:48 on Sun 27 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-10-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41781, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-29T20:06:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-29T16:06:04Z", "ms": 1383062764122.8608 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-30T20:48:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T16:48:02Z", "ms": 1383151681949.8958 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-29T20:06:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-29T16:06:04Z", "ms": 1383062764122.8608 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-30T20:48:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T16:48:02Z", "ms": 1383151681949.8958 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-29T08:29:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-29T04:29:43Z", "ms": 1383020982789.8574 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-29T08:29:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-29T04:29:43Z", "ms": 1383020982789.8574 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-30T08:31:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T04:31:49Z", "ms": 1383107509205.0544 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-30T08:31:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T04:31:49Z", "ms": 1383107509205.0544 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:06 on Tue 29 Oct to 20:48 on Wed 30 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-29T16:06:04Z → 2013-10-30T16:48:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 08:30 on the 29th and 08:32 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 41781 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Ramā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 30 October. Ekādaśī runs from 20:06 on Tue 29 Oct to 20:48 on Wed 30 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3418, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-30T20:48:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T16:48:02Z", "ms": 1383151681949.8958 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-31T20:47:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z", "ms": 1383238022903.56 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-30T20:48:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T16:48:02Z", "ms": 1383151681949.8958 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-31T20:47:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z", "ms": 1383238022903.56 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-30T17:53:42+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T13:53:42Z", "ms": 1383141222072.7117 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-30T19:51:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-30T15:51:04Z", "ms": 1383148263897.848 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 117, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T17:51:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T13:51:31Z", "ms": 1383227491043.7004 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-31T19:49:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T15:49:27Z", "ms": 1383234567227.6406 } }, "covered_min": 118, "window_min": 118, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 20:48 on Wed 30 Oct to 20:47 on Thu 31 Oct.", "fact": "2013-10-30T16:48:02Z → 2013-10-31T16:47:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:54–19:51 on the 30th, 17:52–19:49 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 117 minutes on the 30th and 118 of 118 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3418 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-10-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 2013 falls on Thursday 31 October. Dvādaśī runs from 20:48 on Wed 30 Oct to 20:47 on Thu 31 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 975, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T20:47:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z", "ms": 1383238022903.56 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-01T20:04:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T20:47:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z", "ms": 1383238022903.56 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-01T20:04:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T17:51:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T13:51:31Z", "ms": 1383227491043.7004 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-31T19:49:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T15:49:27Z", "ms": 1383234567227.6406 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 118, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T17:49:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T13:49:22Z", "ms": 1383313761529.2136 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-01T19:47:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T15:47:52Z", "ms": 1383320871878.9832 } }, "covered_min": 119, "window_min": 119, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:47 on Thu 31 Oct to 20:04 on Fri 1 Nov.", "fact": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z → 2013-11-01T16:04:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:52–19:49 on the 31st, 17:49–19:48 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 118 minutes on the 31st and 119 of 119 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 975 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Moscow, 2013: Friday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Yama Dīpadāna 2013 falls on Friday 1 November. Trayodaśī runs from 20:47 on Thu 31 Oct to 20:04 on Fri 1 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-11-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 975, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T20:47:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z", "ms": 1383238022903.56 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-01T20:04:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T20:47:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z", "ms": 1383238022903.56 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-01T20:04:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-10-31T17:51:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T13:51:31Z", "ms": 1383227491043.7004 }, "end": { "local": "2013-10-31T19:49:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-10-31T15:49:27Z", "ms": 1383234567227.6406 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 118, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T17:49:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T13:49:22Z", "ms": 1383313761529.2136 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-01T19:47:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T15:47:52Z", "ms": 1383320871878.9832 } }, "covered_min": 119, "window_min": 119, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:47 on Thu 31 Oct to 20:04 on Fri 1 Nov.", "fact": "2013-10-31T16:47:03Z → 2013-11-01T16:04:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:52–19:49 on the 31st, 17:49–19:48 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 118 minutes on the 31st and 119 of 119 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 975 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Friday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Friday 1 November. Trayodaśī runs from 20:47 on Thu 31 Oct to 20:04 on Fri 1 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-11-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-11-01", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17139, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T20:04:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T18:43:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T20:04:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T18:43:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T00:49:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T20:49:45Z", "ms": 1383338985340.849 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T01:37:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T21:37:45Z", "ms": 1383341865340.849 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T00:49:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T20:49:45Z", "ms": 1383425384743.6987 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T01:37:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T21:37:45Z", "ms": 1383428264743.6987 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:04 on Fri 1 Nov to 18:43 on Sat 2 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z → 2013-11-02T14:43:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:50–01:38 on the 1st, 00:50–01:38 on the 2nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17139 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Friday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Friday 1 November. Caturdaśī runs from 20:04 on Fri 1 Nov to 18:43 on Sat 2 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-11-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36297, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T20:04:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T18:43:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T20:04:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z", "ms": 1383321846722.142 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T18:43:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-01T06:38:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T02:38:06Z", "ms": 1383273486239.3108 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-01T08:36:02+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-01T04:36:02Z", "ms": 1383280562423.251 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 118, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T06:39:39+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T02:39:39Z", "ms": 1383359978802.7153 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T08:38:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T04:38:09Z", "ms": 1383367089152.4849 } }, "covered_min": 119, "window_min": 119, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:04 on Fri 1 Nov to 18:43 on Sat 2 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-01T16:04:07Z → 2013-11-02T14:43:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 06:38–08:36 on the 1st, 06:40–08:38 on the 2nd.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 118 minutes on the 1st and 119 of 119 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36297 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 2013 falls on Saturday 2 November. Caturdaśī runs from 20:04 on Fri 1 Nov to 18:43 on Sat 2 Nov and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3310, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T18:43:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T16:49:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T18:43:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T16:49:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T17:47:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T13:47:14Z", "ms": 1383400033580.7473 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-02T19:46:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T15:46:18Z", "ms": 1383407177890.8677 } }, "covered_min": 63, "window_min": 119, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T17:45:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T13:45:07Z", "ms": 1383486307250.1877 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T19:44:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T15:44:45Z", "ms": 1383493485302.129 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 120, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 18:43 on Sat 2 Nov to 16:50 on Sun 3 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z → 2013-11-03T12:49:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:47–19:46 on the 2nd, 17:45–19:45 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 63 of 119 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 120 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3310 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 2013 falls on Saturday 2 November. Amāvasyā runs from 18:43 on Sat 2 Nov to 16:50 on Sun 3 Nov and covers 63 of 119 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21998, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T18:43:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T16:49:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-02T18:43:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z", "ms": 1383403386652.3284 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T16:49:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T00:49:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T20:49:45Z", "ms": 1383425384743.6987 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T01:37:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-02T21:37:45Z", "ms": 1383428264743.6987 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T00:49:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T20:49:45Z", "ms": 1383511784944.9673 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T01:37:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T21:37:45Z", "ms": 1383514664944.9673 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 18:43 on Sat 2 Nov to 16:50 on Sun 3 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-02T14:43:07Z → 2013-11-03T12:49:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:50–01:38 on the 2nd, 00:50–01:38 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21998 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kālī Pūjā 2013 falls on Saturday 2 November. Amāvasyā runs from 18:43 on Sat 2 Nov to 16:50 on Sun 3 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3310, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T16:49:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T14:31:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T16:49:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T14:31:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T17:45:07+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T13:45:07Z", "ms": 1383486307250.1877 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T19:44:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T15:44:45Z", "ms": 1383493485302.129 } }, "covered_min": 120, "window_min": 120, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T17:43:03+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T13:43:03Z", "ms": 1383572582590.1416 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T19:43:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T15:43:14Z", "ms": 1383579794151.729 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 120, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:50 on Sun 3 Nov to 14:32 on Mon 4 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z → 2013-11-04T10:31:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:45–19:45 on the 3rd, 17:43–19:43 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 120 of 120 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 120 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3310 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Bali Pūjā 2013 falls on Sunday 3 November. Pratipadā runs from 16:50 on Sun 3 Nov to 14:32 on Mon 4 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3305, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T16:49:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T14:31:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T16:49:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T14:31:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T12:48:42+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T08:48:42Z", "ms": 1383468521578.419 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T13:36:42+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T09:36:42Z", "ms": 1383471401578.419 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T12:48:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T08:48:43Z", "ms": 1383554922614.944 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T13:36:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T09:36:43Z", "ms": 1383557802614.944 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:50 on Sun 3 Nov to 14:32 on Mon 4 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z → 2013-11-04T10:31:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 3rd, 12:49–13:37 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3305 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Moscow, 2013: Monday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Govardhana Pūjā 2013 falls on Monday 4 November. Pratipadā runs from 16:50 on Sun 3 Nov to 14:32 on Mon 4 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10152, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T16:49:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T14:31:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T16:49:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z", "ms": 1383482997418.235 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T14:31:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-03T08:40:16+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T04:40:16Z", "ms": 1383453615906.6501 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-03T11:41:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-03T07:41:53Z", "ms": 1383464513021.1626 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 182, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T08:42:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T04:42:23Z", "ms": 1383540142639.7466 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T11:42:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T07:42:36Z", "ms": 1383550955956.545 } }, "covered_min": 180, "window_min": 180, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:50 on Sun 3 Nov to 14:32 on Mon 4 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-03T12:49:57Z → 2013-11-04T10:31:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 08:40–11:42 on the 3rd, 08:42–11:43 on the 4th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 182 minutes on the 3rd and 180 of 180 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10152 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Moscow, 2013: Monday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Dyūta Pratipad 2013 falls on Monday 4 November. Pratipadā runs from 16:50 on Sun 3 Nov to 14:32 on Mon 4 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3143, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T14:31:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-05T11:56:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-05T07:56:21Z", "ms": 1383638181113.721 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T14:31:48+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z", "ms": 1383561107643.7004 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-05T11:56:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-05T07:56:21Z", "ms": 1383638181113.721 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-04T12:48:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T08:48:43Z", "ms": 1383554922614.944 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-04T13:36:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-04T09:36:43Z", "ms": 1383557802614.944 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-05T12:48:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-05T08:48:44Z", "ms": 1383641324478.2412 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-05T13:36:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-05T09:36:44Z", "ms": 1383644204478.2412 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 14:32 on Mon 4 Nov to 11:56 on Tue 5 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-04T10:31:48Z → 2013-11-05T07:56:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 4th, 12:49–13:37 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 3143 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Moscow, 2013: Tuesday 5 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 2013 falls on Tuesday 5 November. Dvitīyā runs from 14:32 on Mon 4 Nov to 11:56 on Tue 5 Nov, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13040, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-06T09:11:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T05:11:27Z", "ms": 1383714686859.2202 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-07T06:24:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T02:24:36Z", "ms": 1383791076127.4644 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-06T09:11:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T05:11:27Z", "ms": 1383714686859.2202 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-07T06:24:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T02:24:36Z", "ms": 1383791076127.4644 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-06T12:48:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T08:48:47Z", "ms": 1383727727169.4897 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-06T13:36:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T09:36:47Z", "ms": 1383730607169.4897 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-07T12:48:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T08:48:51Z", "ms": 1383814130689.4395 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-07T13:36:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T09:36:51Z", "ms": 1383817010689.4395 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:11 on Wed 6 Nov to 06:25 on Thu 7 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-06T05:11:27Z → 2013-11-07T02:24:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 6th, 12:49–13:37 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13040 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Nāga Caturthī 2013 falls on Wednesday 6 November. Caturthī runs from 09:11 on Wed 6 Nov to 06:25 on Thu 7 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-11-06", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13040, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-06T09:11:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T05:11:27Z", "ms": 1383714686859.2202 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-07T06:24:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T02:24:36Z", "ms": 1383791076127.4644 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-06T09:11:27+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T05:11:27Z", "ms": 1383714686859.2202 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-07T06:24:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T02:24:36Z", "ms": 1383791076127.4644 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-06T12:48:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T08:48:47Z", "ms": 1383727727169.4897 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-06T13:36:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-06T09:36:47Z", "ms": 1383730607169.4897 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-07T12:48:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T08:48:51Z", "ms": 1383814130689.4395 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-07T13:36:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T09:36:51Z", "ms": 1383817010689.4395 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:11 on Wed 6 Nov to 06:25 on Thu 7 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-06T05:11:27Z → 2013-11-07T02:24:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 6th, 12:49–13:37 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13040 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Wednesday 6 November. Caturthī runs from 09:11 on Wed 6 Nov to 06:25 on Thu 7 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-11-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32771, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-08T03:42:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T23:42:44Z", "ms": 1383867764162.4468 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-09T01:11:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-08T21:11:56Z", "ms": 1383945115580.4114 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-08T03:42:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-07T23:42:44Z", "ms": 1383867764162.4468 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-09T01:11:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-08T21:11:56Z", "ms": 1383945115580.4114 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-08T12:48:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-08T08:48:55Z", "ms": 1383900535038.8093 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-08T13:36:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-08T09:36:55Z", "ms": 1383903415038.8093 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-09T12:49:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-09T08:49:00Z", "ms": 1383986940218.5664 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-09T13:37:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-09T09:37:00Z", "ms": 1383989820218.5664 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 03:43 on Fri 8 Nov to 01:12 on Sat 9 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-07T23:42:44Z → 2013-11-08T21:11:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 8th, 12:49–13:37 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32771 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Moscow, 2013: Friday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 2013 falls on Friday 8 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 03:43 on Fri 8 Nov to 01:12 on Sat 9 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26726, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-09T22:57:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-09T18:57:13Z", "ms": 1384023433358.016 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-10T21:02:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1384102952525.5156 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-09T22:57:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-09T18:57:13Z", "ms": 1384023433358.016 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-10T21:02:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1384102952525.5156 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-09T12:49:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-09T08:49:00Z", "ms": 1383986940218.5664 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-09T13:37:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-09T09:37:00Z", "ms": 1383989820218.5664 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-10T12:49:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T08:49:06Z", "ms": 1384073346230.0493 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-10T13:37:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T09:37:06Z", "ms": 1384076226230.0493 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 22:57 on Sat 9 Nov to 21:03 on Sun 10 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-09T18:57:13Z → 2013-11-10T17:02:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 9th, 12:49–13:37 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26726 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Gopāṣṭamī 2013 falls on Sunday 10 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 22:57 on Sat 9 Nov to 21:03 on Sun 10 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27770, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-10T21:02:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1384102952525.5156 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-11T19:30:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T15:30:40Z", "ms": 1384183840075.6445 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-10T21:02:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1384102952525.5156 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-11T19:30:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T15:30:40Z", "ms": 1384183840075.6445 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-10T08:55:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T04:55:00Z", "ms": 1384059299594.3403 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-10T11:47:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T07:47:04Z", "ms": 1384069624018.1462 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 172, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-11T08:57:05+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T04:57:05Z", "ms": 1384145824628.197 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-11T11:47:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T07:47:50Z", "ms": 1384156070259.3599 } }, "covered_min": 171, "window_min": 171, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 21:03 on Sun 10 Nov to 19:31 on Mon 11 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z → 2013-11-11T15:30:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 08:55–11:47 on the 10th, 08:57–11:48 on the 11th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 172 minutes on the 10th and 171 of 171 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27770 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Moscow, 2013: Monday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 2013 falls on Monday 11 November. Navamī runs from 21:03 on Sun 10 Nov to 19:31 on Mon 11 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21207, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-10T21:02:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1384102952525.5156 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-11T19:30:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T15:30:40Z", "ms": 1384183840075.6445 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-10T21:02:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z", "ms": 1384102952525.5156 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-11T19:30:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T15:30:40Z", "ms": 1384183840075.6445 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-10T12:49:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T08:49:06Z", "ms": 1384073346230.0493 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-10T13:37:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-10T09:37:06Z", "ms": 1384076226230.0493 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-11T12:49:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T08:49:13Z", "ms": 1384159753074.9412 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-11T13:37:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-11T09:37:13Z", "ms": 1384162633074.9412 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 21:03 on Sun 10 Nov to 19:31 on Mon 11 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-10T17:02:33Z → 2013-11-11T15:30:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:49–13:37 on the 10th, 12:49–13:37 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21207 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Moscow, 2013: Monday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Durgā Navamī 2013 falls on Monday 11 November. Navamī runs from 21:03 on Sun 10 Nov to 19:31 on Mon 11 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-11-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31223, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-12T18:23:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-12T14:23:22Z", "ms": 1384266201981.5889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-13T17:41:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-13T13:41:37Z", "ms": 1384350096540.4614 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-12T18:23:22+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-12T14:23:22Z", "ms": 1384266201981.5889 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-13T17:41:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-13T13:41:37Z", "ms": 1384350096540.4614 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-12T08:59:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-12T04:59:09Z", "ms": 1384232349173.984 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-12T08:59:09+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-12T04:59:09Z", "ms": 1384232349173.984 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-13T09:01:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-13T05:01:13Z", "ms": 1384318873166.316 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-13T09:01:13+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-13T05:01:13Z", "ms": 1384318873166.316 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:23 on Tue 12 Nov to 17:42 on Wed 13 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-12T14:23:22Z → 2013-11-13T13:41:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 08:59 on the 12th and 09:01 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31223 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Wednesday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Wednesday 13 November. Ekādaśī runs from 18:23 on Tue 12 Nov to 17:42 on Wed 13 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-11-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-11-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 110, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-14T17:25:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-14T13:25:51Z", "ms": 1384435551030.3762 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-15T17:36:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-15T13:36:17Z", "ms": 1384522576792.8093 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-14T17:25:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-14T13:25:51Z", "ms": 1384435551030.3762 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-15T17:36:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-15T13:36:17Z", "ms": 1384522576792.8093 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-14T17:24:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-14T13:24:01Z", "ms": 1384435440719.7866 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-14T19:29:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-14T15:29:31Z", "ms": 1384442971186.4062 } }, "covered_min": 124, "window_min": 126, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-15T17:22:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-15T13:22:18Z", "ms": 1384521738431.281 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-15T19:28:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-15T15:28:19Z", "ms": 1384529298792.2478 } }, "covered_min": 14, "window_min": 126, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:26 on Thu 14 Nov to 17:36 on Fri 15 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-14T13:25:51Z → 2013-11-15T13:36:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:24–19:30 on the 14th, 17:22–19:28 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 124 of 126 minutes on the 14th and 14 of 126 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 110 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-14", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Thursday 14 November. Trayodaśī runs from 17:26 on Thu 14 Nov to 17:36 on Fri 15 Nov and covers 124 of 126 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 14 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 1 min 50 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20128, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-16T18:12:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T14:12:57Z", "ms": 1384611177166.357 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-17T19:15:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T15:15:44Z", "ms": 1384701343551.5825 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-16T18:12:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T14:12:57Z", "ms": 1384611177166.357 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-17T19:15:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T15:15:44Z", "ms": 1384701343551.5825 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-17T00:51:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T20:51:00Z", "ms": 1384635060403.3008 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-17T01:39:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T21:39:00Z", "ms": 1384637940403.3008 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-18T00:51:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T20:51:12Z", "ms": 1384721471822.7874 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-18T01:39:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T21:39:12Z", "ms": 1384724351822.7874 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:13 on Sat 16 Nov to 19:16 on Sun 17 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-16T14:12:57Z → 2013-11-17T15:15:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:51–01:39 on the 16th, 00:51–01:39 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20128 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 16 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Rāsayātrā 2013 falls on Saturday 16 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:13 on Sat 16 Nov to 19:16 on Sun 17 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16497, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-11-16T18:12:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T14:12:57Z", "ms": 1384611177166.357 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-17T19:15:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T15:15:44Z", "ms": 1384701343551.5825 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-16T18:12:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T14:12:57Z", "ms": 1384611177166.357 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-17T19:15:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T15:15:44Z", "ms": 1384701343551.5825 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-16T12:50:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T08:50:00Z", "ms": 1384591799862.5625 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-16T13:38:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-16T09:38:00Z", "ms": 1384594679862.5625 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-17T12:50:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T08:50:12Z", "ms": 1384678211740.1611 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-17T13:38:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-17T09:38:12Z", "ms": 1384681091740.1611 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:13 on Sat 16 Nov to 19:16 on Sun 17 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-16T14:12:57Z → 2013-11-17T15:15:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:50–13:38 on the 16th, 12:50–13:38 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16497 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 2013 falls on Sunday 17 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:13 on Sat 16 Nov to 19:16 on Sun 17 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-11-21", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18502, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-21T00:48:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-20T20:48:21Z", "ms": 1384980501481.9526 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-22T03:15:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-21T23:15:29Z", "ms": 1385075729088.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-21T00:48:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-20T20:48:21Z", "ms": 1384980501481.9526 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-22T03:15:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-21T23:15:29Z", "ms": 1385075729088.9182 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-20T19:40:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-20T15:40:00Z", "ms": 1384961999532.7432 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-20T19:40:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-20T15:40:00Z", "ms": 1384961999532.7432 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-21T20:37:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-21T16:37:23Z", "ms": 1385051842787.762 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-21T20:37:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-21T16:37:23Z", "ms": 1385051842787.762 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:48 on Thu 21 Nov to 03:15 on Fri 22 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-20T20:48:21Z → 2013-11-21T23:15:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:40 on the 20th and 20:37 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18502 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 21 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Thursday 21 November. Caturthī runs from 00:48 on Thu 21 Nov to 03:15 on Fri 22 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-11-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-11-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13343, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-28T13:42:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-28T09:42:18Z", "ms": 1385631737659.4753 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-29T13:14:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-29T09:14:21Z", "ms": 1385716461316.6575 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-28T13:42:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-28T09:42:18Z", "ms": 1385631737659.4753 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-29T13:14:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-29T09:14:21Z", "ms": 1385716461316.6575 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-28T09:30:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-28T05:30:14Z", "ms": 1385616613907.7717 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-28T09:30:14+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-28T05:30:14Z", "ms": 1385616613907.7717 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-29T09:31:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-29T05:31:58Z", "ms": 1385703117858.2224 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-29T09:31:58+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-29T05:31:58Z", "ms": 1385703117858.2224 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:42 on Thu 28 Nov to 13:14 on Fri 29 Nov.", "fact": "2013-11-28T09:42:18Z → 2013-11-29T09:14:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 09:30 on the 28th and 09:32 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13343 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Friday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Utpannā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Friday 29 November. Ekādaśī runs from 13:42 on Thu 28 Nov to 13:14 on Fri 29 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-11-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-11-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-11-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18208, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-11-30T11:58:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-30T07:58:52Z", "ms": 1385798331865.1816 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-01T10:00:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T06:00:08Z", "ms": 1385877607996.557 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-11-30T11:58:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-30T07:58:52Z", "ms": 1385798331865.1816 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-01T10:00:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T06:00:08Z", "ms": 1385877607996.557 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-11-30T17:02:20+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-30T13:02:20Z", "ms": 1385816540360.6162 }, "end": { "local": "2013-11-30T19:14:44+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-30T15:14:44Z", "ms": 1385824484224.301 } }, "covered_min": 132, "window_min": 132, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-01T17:01:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T13:01:26Z", "ms": 1385902886377.9724 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-01T19:14:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T15:14:10Z", "ms": 1385910850412.874 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 133, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:59 on Sat 30 Nov to 10:00 on Sun 1 Dec.", "fact": "2013-11-30T07:58:52Z → 2013-12-01T06:00:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:02–19:15 on the 30th, 17:01–19:14 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 132 of 132 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 133 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18208 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 30 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 30 November. Trayodaśī runs from 11:59 on Sat 30 Nov to 10:00 on Sun 1 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-11-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-12-01", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20513, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-01T10:00:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T06:00:08Z", "ms": 1385877607996.557 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-02T07:25:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-02T03:25:04Z", "ms": 1385954704182.3384 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-01T10:00:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T06:00:08Z", "ms": 1385877607996.557 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-02T07:25:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-02T03:25:04Z", "ms": 1385954704182.3384 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-01T00:54:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-30T20:54:50Z", "ms": 1385844889849.4346 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-01T01:42:50+04:00", "utc": "2013-11-30T21:42:50Z", "ms": 1385847769849.4346 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-02T00:55:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T20:55:12Z", "ms": 1385931311508.8535 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-02T01:43:12+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-01T21:43:12Z", "ms": 1385934191508.8535 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:00 on Sun 1 Dec to 07:25 on Mon 2 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-01T06:00:08Z → 2013-12-02T03:25:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:55–01:43 on the 30th, 00:55–01:43 on the 1st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20513 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 1 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Sunday 1 December. Caturdaśī runs from 10:00 on Sun 1 Dec to 07:25 on Mon 2 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-12-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-12-06", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4234, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-05T18:08:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-05T14:08:04Z", "ms": 1386252484494.2476 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-06T14:55:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T10:55:00Z", "ms": 1386327299930.431 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-05T18:08:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-05T14:08:04Z", "ms": 1386252484494.2476 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-06T14:55:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T10:55:00Z", "ms": 1386327299930.431 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-05T12:56:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-05T08:56:00Z", "ms": 1386233760427.5176 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-05T13:44:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-05T09:44:00Z", "ms": 1386236640427.5176 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-06T12:56:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T08:56:26Z", "ms": 1386320186239.114 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-06T13:44:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T09:44:26Z", "ms": 1386323066239.114 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:08 on Thu 5 Dec to 14:55 on Fri 6 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-05T14:08:04Z → 2013-12-06T10:55:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:56–13:44 on the 5th, 12:56–13:44 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4234 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Friday 6 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Vināyaka Caturthī 2013 falls on Friday 6 December. Caturthī runs from 18:08 on Thu 5 Dec to 14:55 on Fri 6 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=2013-12-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3216, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-06T14:55:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T10:55:00Z", "ms": 1386327299930.431 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-07T12:03:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z", "ms": 1386403396557.188 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-06T14:55:00+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T10:55:00Z", "ms": 1386327299930.431 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-07T12:03:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z", "ms": 1386403396557.188 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-06T12:56:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T08:56:26Z", "ms": 1386320186239.114 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-06T13:44:26+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-06T09:44:26Z", "ms": 1386323066239.114 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T12:56:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:56:53Z", "ms": 1386406612557.0107 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-07T13:44:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T09:44:53Z", "ms": 1386409492557.0107 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 14:55 on Fri 6 Dec to 12:03 on Sat 7 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-06T10:55:00Z → 2013-12-07T08:03:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:56–13:44 on the 6th, 12:57–13:45 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 3216 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Moscow, 2013: Saturday 7 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 2013 falls on Saturday 7 December. Pañcamī runs from 14:55 on Fri 6 Dec to 12:03 on Sat 7 Dec, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3216, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T12:03:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z", "ms": 1386403396557.188 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T09:40:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z", "ms": 1386481223604.0293 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T12:03:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z", "ms": 1386403396557.188 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T09:40:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z", "ms": 1386481223604.0293 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T12:56:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:56:53Z", "ms": 1386406612557.0107 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-07T13:44:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T09:44:53Z", "ms": 1386409492557.0107 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-08T12:57:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T08:57:19Z", "ms": 1386493039350.9502 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T13:45:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T09:45:19Z", "ms": 1386495919350.9502 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:03 on Sat 7 Dec to 09:40 on Sun 8 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z → 2013-12-08T05:40:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:57–13:45 on the 7th, 12:57–13:45 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3216 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 7 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 2013 falls on Saturday 7 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:03 on Sat 7 Dec to 09:40 on Sun 8 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3216, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T12:03:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z", "ms": 1386403396557.188 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T09:40:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z", "ms": 1386481223604.0293 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T12:03:17+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z", "ms": 1386403396557.188 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T09:40:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z", "ms": 1386481223604.0293 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-07T12:56:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T08:56:53Z", "ms": 1386406612557.0107 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-07T13:44:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-07T09:44:53Z", "ms": 1386409492557.0107 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-08T12:57:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T08:57:19Z", "ms": 1386493039350.9502 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T13:45:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T09:45:19Z", "ms": 1386495919350.9502 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:03 on Sat 7 Dec to 09:40 on Sun 8 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-07T08:03:17Z → 2013-12-08T05:40:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:57–13:45 on the 7th, 12:57–13:45 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3216 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 7 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 2013 falls on Saturday 7 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:03 on Sat 7 Dec to 09:40 on Sun 8 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11816, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-08T09:40:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z", "ms": 1386481223604.0293 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-09T07:51:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-09T03:51:56Z", "ms": 1386561116180.078 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-08T09:40:24+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z", "ms": 1386481223604.0293 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-09T07:51:56+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-09T03:51:56Z", "ms": 1386561116180.078 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-08T12:57:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T08:57:19Z", "ms": 1386493039350.9502 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-08T13:45:19+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-08T09:45:19Z", "ms": 1386495919350.9502 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-09T12:57:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-09T08:57:47Z", "ms": 1386579466591.2798 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-09T13:45:47+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-09T09:45:47Z", "ms": 1386582346591.2798 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 09:40 on Sun 8 Dec to 07:52 on Mon 9 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-08T05:40:24Z → 2013-12-09T03:51:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:57–13:45 on the 8th, 12:58–13:46 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11816 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Moscow, 2013: Sunday 8 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mitra Saptamī 2013 falls on Sunday 8 December. Saptamī runs from 09:40 on Sun 8 Dec to 07:52 on Mon 9 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-12-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10809, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-12T06:13:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-12T02:13:29Z", "ms": 1386814409106.434 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-13T06:51:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T02:51:31Z", "ms": 1386903091283.2808 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-12T06:13:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-12T02:13:29Z", "ms": 1386814409106.434 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-13T06:51:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T02:51:31Z", "ms": 1386903091283.2808 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-12T09:50:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-12T05:50:36Z", "ms": 1386827436249.343 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-12T09:50:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-12T05:50:36Z", "ms": 1386827436249.343 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-13T09:51:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T05:51:41Z", "ms": 1386913900526.568 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-13T09:51:41+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T05:51:41Z", "ms": 1386913900526.568 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:13 on Thu 12 Dec to 06:52 on Fri 13 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-12T02:13:29Z → 2013-12-13T02:51:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 09:51 on the 12th and 09:52 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10809 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Thursday 12 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Thursday 12 December. Ekādaśī runs from 06:13 on Thu 12 Dec to 06:52 on Fri 13 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-12-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18098, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-13T06:51:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T02:51:31Z", "ms": 1386903091283.2808 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-14T07:58:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T03:58:30Z", "ms": 1386993510356.41 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-13T06:51:31+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T02:51:31Z", "ms": 1386903091283.2808 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-14T07:58:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T03:58:30Z", "ms": 1386993510356.41 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-13T12:59:39+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T08:59:39Z", "ms": 1386925179438.0637 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-13T13:47:39+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-13T09:47:39Z", "ms": 1386928059438.0637 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-14T13:00:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T09:00:08Z", "ms": 1387011608477.6929 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-14T13:48:08+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T09:48:08Z", "ms": 1387014488477.6929 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 06:52 on Fri 13 Dec to 07:59 on Sat 14 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-13T02:51:31Z → 2013-12-14T03:58:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 13:00–13:48 on the 13th, 13:00–13:48 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18098 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Friday 13 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 2013 falls on Friday 13 December. Dvādaśī runs from 06:52 on Fri 13 Dec to 07:59 on Sat 14 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-12-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26754, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-14T07:58:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T03:58:30Z", "ms": 1386993510356.41 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-15T09:29:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-15T05:29:43Z", "ms": 1387085382948.9565 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-14T07:58:30+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T03:58:30Z", "ms": 1386993510356.41 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-15T09:29:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-15T05:29:43Z", "ms": 1387085382948.9565 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-14T16:55:36+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T12:55:36Z", "ms": 1387025735737.7815 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-14T19:11:20+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-14T15:11:20Z", "ms": 1387033880072.0796 } }, "covered_min": 136, "window_min": 136, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-15T16:55:37+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-15T12:55:37Z", "ms": 1387112137336.5242 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-15T19:11:29+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-15T15:11:29Z", "ms": 1387120288563.151 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 136, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:59 on Sat 14 Dec to 09:30 on Sun 15 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-14T03:58:30Z → 2013-12-15T05:29:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:56–19:11 on the 14th, 16:56–19:11 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 136 of 136 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 136 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26754 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Saturday 14 December. Trayodaśī runs from 07:59 on Sat 14 Dec to 09:30 on Sun 15 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12469, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "2013-12-16T11:20:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-16T07:20:49Z", "ms": 1387178448961.2268 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-17T13:28:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-17T09:28:04Z", "ms": 1387272484287.2217 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-16T11:20:49+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-16T07:20:49Z", "ms": 1387178448961.2268 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-17T13:28:04+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-17T09:28:04Z", "ms": 1387272484287.2217 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-16T16:55:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-16T12:55:43Z", "ms": 1387198543159.7341 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-16T19:11:40+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-16T15:11:40Z", "ms": 1387206700208.251 } }, "covered_min": 136, "window_min": 136, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-17T16:55:53+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-17T12:55:53Z", "ms": 1387284953215.669 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-17T19:11:55+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-17T15:11:55Z", "ms": 1387293115006.2048 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 136, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:21 on Mon 16 Dec to 13:28 on Tue 17 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-16T07:20:49Z → 2013-12-17T09:28:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:56–19:12 on the 16th, 16:56–19:12 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 136 of 136 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 136 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12469 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Moscow, 2013: Monday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 2013 falls on Monday 16 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:21 on Mon 16 Dec to 13:28 on Tue 17 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-12-21", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1153, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-20T20:50:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-20T16:50:57Z", "ms": 1387558256555.116 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-21T23:22:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-21T19:22:43Z", "ms": 1387653763476.6157 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-20T20:50:57+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-20T16:50:57Z", "ms": 1387558256555.116 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-21T23:22:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-21T19:22:43Z", "ms": 1387653763476.6157 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-20T20:31:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-20T16:31:43Z", "ms": 1387557103102.5723 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-20T20:31:43+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-20T16:31:43Z", "ms": 1387557103102.5723 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-21T21:37:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-21T17:37:23Z", "ms": 1387647442742.4407 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-21T21:37:23+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-21T17:37:23Z", "ms": 1387647442742.4407 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:51 on Fri 20 Dec to 23:23 on Sat 21 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-20T16:50:57Z → 2013-12-21T19:22:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:32 on the 20th and 21:37 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1153 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 21 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 2013 falls on Saturday 21 December. Caturthī runs from 20:51 on Fri 20 Dec to 23:23 on Sat 21 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/sankashta-chaturthi?on=2013-12-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-12-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16463, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-28T05:25:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-28T01:25:38Z", "ms": 1388193937539.1353 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-29T03:49:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-28T23:49:51Z", "ms": 1388274591318.348 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-28T05:25:38+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-28T01:25:38Z", "ms": 1388193937539.1353 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-29T03:49:51+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-28T23:49:51Z", "ms": 1388274591318.348 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-28T10:00:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-28T06:00:01Z", "ms": 1388210400523.34 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-28T10:00:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-28T06:00:01Z", "ms": 1388210400523.34 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-29T10:00:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-29T06:00:01Z", "ms": 1388296801143.631 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-29T10:00:01+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-29T06:00:01Z", "ms": 1388296801143.631 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:26 on Sat 28 Dec to 03:50 on Sun 29 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-28T01:25:38Z → 2013-12-28T23:49:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 10:00 on the 28th and 10:00 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16463 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Moscow, 2013: Saturday 28 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Saphalā Ekādaśī 2013 falls on Saturday 28 December. Ekādaśī runs from 05:26 on Sat 28 Dec to 03:50 on Sun 29 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/ekadashi?on=2013-12-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-12-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11365, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-30T01:28:39+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-29T21:28:39Z", "ms": 1388352518656.8162 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-30T22:29:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T18:29:10Z", "ms": 1388428149932.5845 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-30T01:28:39+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-29T21:28:39Z", "ms": 1388352518656.8162 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-30T22:29:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T18:29:10Z", "ms": 1388428149932.5845 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-29T17:03:18+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-29T13:03:18Z", "ms": 1388322198328.5754 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-29T19:18:52+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-29T15:18:52Z", "ms": 1388330331565.7163 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 136, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "2013-12-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-30T17:04:21+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T13:04:21Z", "ms": 1388408661200.6406 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-30T19:19:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T15:19:45Z", "ms": 1388416785030.9446 } }, "covered_min": 135, "window_min": 135, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:29 on Mon 30 Dec to 22:29 on Mon 30 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-29T21:28:39Z → 2013-12-30T18:29:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:03–19:19 on the 29th, 17:04–19:20 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 136 minutes on the 29th and 135 of 135 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11365 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Moscow, 2013: Monday 30 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 2013 falls on Monday 30 December. Trayodaśī runs from 01:29 on Mon 30 Dec to 22:29 on Mon 30 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/pradosha-vrata?on=2013-12-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-12-30", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "524901", "year": 2013, "local_date": "2013-12-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9536, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "2013-12-30T22:29:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T18:29:10Z", "ms": 1388428149932.5845 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-31T19:00:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-31T15:00:45Z", "ms": 1388502045395.042 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "2013-12-30T22:29:10+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T18:29:10Z", "ms": 1388428149932.5845 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-31T19:00:45+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-31T15:00:45Z", "ms": 1388502045395.042 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "2013-12-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "2013-12-31T01:08:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T21:08:06Z", "ms": 1388437685564.28 }, "end": { "local": "2013-12-31T01:56:06+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-30T21:56:06Z", "ms": 1388440565564.28 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "2013-12-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "2014-01-01T01:08:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-31T21:08:33Z", "ms": 1388524112921.9724 }, "end": { "local": "2014-01-01T01:56:33+04:00", "utc": "2013-12-31T21:56:33Z", "ms": 1388526992921.9724 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:29 on Mon 30 Dec to 19:01 on Tue 31 Dec.", "fact": "2013-12-30T18:29:10Z → 2013-12-31T15:00:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 01:08–01:56 on the 30th, 01:09–01:57 on the 31st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9536 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Moscow, 2013: Monday 30 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "2013-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Moscow, Śivarātri 2013 falls on Monday 30 December. Caturdaśī runs from 22:29 on Mon 30 Dec to 19:01 on Tue 31 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/moscow/festivals/2013/shivaratri?on=2013-12-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }