{ "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997", "place": { "id": "703448", "slug": "kyiv", "name": "Kyiv", "region": "Kyiv City, Ukraine", "country": "UA", "lat": 50.45466, "lon": 30.5238, "elevation_m": 187, "tz": "Europe/Kyiv" }, "year": 1997, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-01-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-01-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31629, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-01-04T17:34:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-04T15:34:10Z", "ms": 852392049641.3724 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-05T16:45:25+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-05T14:45:25Z", "ms": 852475525135.5897 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-01-04T17:34:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-04T15:34:10Z", "ms": 852392049641.3724 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-05T16:45:25+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-05T14:45:25Z", "ms": 852475525135.5897 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-01-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-04T07:58:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-04T05:58:32Z", "ms": 852357511504.0363 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-04T07:58:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-04T05:58:32Z", "ms": 852357511504.0363 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-01-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-05T07:58:16+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-05T05:58:16Z", "ms": 852443896186.1357 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-05T07:58:16+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-05T05:58:16Z", "ms": 852443896186.1357 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:34 on Sat 4 Jan to 16:45 on Sun 5 Jan.", "fact": "1997-01-04T15:34:10Z → 1997-01-05T14:45:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:59 on the 4th and 07:58 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31629 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 5 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Sunday 5 January. Ekādaśī runs from 17:34 on Sat 4 Jan to 16:45 on Sun 5 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-01-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-01-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-01-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3825, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-01-06T15:06:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-06T13:06:09Z", "ms": 852555968955.9415 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-07T12:43:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-07T10:43:17Z", "ms": 852633797405.9261 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-01-06T15:06:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-06T13:06:09Z", "ms": 852555968955.9415 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-07T12:43:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-07T10:43:17Z", "ms": 852633797405.9261 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-06T16:09:54+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-06T14:09:54Z", "ms": 852559793710.6423 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-06T18:16:15+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-06T16:16:15Z", "ms": 852567375364.0741 } }, "covered_min": 126, "window_min": 126, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-07T16:11:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-07T14:11:09Z", "ms": 852646268514.4017 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-07T18:17:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-07T16:17:17Z", "ms": 852653836898.9321 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 126, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:06 on Mon 6 Jan to 12:43 on Tue 7 Jan.", "fact": "1997-01-06T13:06:09Z → 1997-01-07T10:43:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:10–18:16 on the 6th, 16:11–18:17 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 126 of 126 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 126 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3825 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 6 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Monday 6 January. Trayodaśī runs from 15:06 on Mon 6 Jan to 12:43 on Tue 7 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-01-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-01-07", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-01-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33484, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-01-07T12:43:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-07T10:43:17Z", "ms": 852633797405.9261 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-08T09:46:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-08T07:46:14Z", "ms": 852709573602.0338 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-01-07T12:43:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-07T10:43:17Z", "ms": 852633797405.9261 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-08T09:46:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-08T07:46:14Z", "ms": 852709573602.0338 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-06T23:39:45+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-06T21:39:45Z", "ms": 852586784911.0115 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-07T00:27:45+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-06T22:27:45Z", "ms": 852589664911.0115 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-07T23:40:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-07T21:40:10Z", "ms": 852673209956.3906 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-08T00:28:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-07T22:28:10Z", "ms": 852676089956.3906 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:43 on Tue 7 Jan to 09:46 on Wed 8 Jan.", "fact": "1997-01-07T10:43:17Z → 1997-01-08T07:46:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:40–00:28 on the 6th, 23:40–00:28 on the 7th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33484 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1997 falls on Tuesday 7 January. Caturdaśī runs from 12:43 on Tue 7 Jan to 09:46 on Wed 8 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-01-12", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-01-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15555, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-01-11T19:55:07+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-11T17:55:07Z", "ms": 853005307440.4436 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-12T16:49:42+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-12T14:49:42Z", "ms": 853080582324.1456 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-01-11T19:55:07+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-11T17:55:07Z", "ms": 853005307440.4436 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-12T16:49:42+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-12T14:49:42Z", "ms": 853080582324.1456 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-01-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-11T11:42:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-11T09:42:03Z", "ms": 852975723470.8491 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-11T12:30:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-11T10:30:03Z", "ms": 852978603470.8491 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-01-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-12T11:42:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-12T09:42:27Z", "ms": 853062147298.2114 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-12T12:30:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-12T10:30:27Z", "ms": 853065027298.2114 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:55 on Sat 11 Jan to 16:50 on Sun 12 Jan.", "fact": "1997-01-11T17:55:07Z → 1997-01-12T14:49:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 11th, 11:42–12:30 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15555 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 12 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1997 falls on Sunday 12 January. Caturthī runs from 19:55 on Sat 11 Jan to 16:50 on Sun 12 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-01-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31092, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z", "ms": 853196250777.1672 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-12T13:55:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-12T11:55:06Z", "ms": 855748506418.5588 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z", "ms": 853196250777.1672 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z", "ms": 853196250777.1672 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-12T16:17:53+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-12T14:17:53Z", "ms": 853078672631.868 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-13T16:19:19+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T14:19:19Z", "ms": 853165158864.6454 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-13T16:19:19+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T14:19:19Z", "ms": 853165158864.6454 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-14T16:20:47+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-14T14:20:47Z", "ms": 853251646701.4132 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1997-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 00:58 on Tue 14 Jan.", "fact": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 16:19, and the day of the 14th ends at 16:21.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 31092 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Tuesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1997-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1997-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Bhogi 1997 falls on Monday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Tuesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 00:58 on Tue 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 12 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31092, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z", "ms": 853196250777.1672 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-12T13:55:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-12T11:55:06Z", "ms": 855748506418.5588 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z", "ms": 853196250777.1672 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z", "ms": 853196250777.1672 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-12T16:17:53+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-12T14:17:53Z", "ms": 853078672631.868 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-13T16:19:19+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T14:19:19Z", "ms": 853165158864.6454 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-13T16:19:19+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T14:19:19Z", "ms": 853165158864.6454 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-14T16:20:47+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-14T14:20:47Z", "ms": 853251646701.4132 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 00:58 on Tue 14 Jan.", "fact": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 16:19, and the day of the 14th ends at 16:21.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 31092 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1997-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1997-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Pongal 1997 falls on Tuesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 00:58 on Tue 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3451, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z", "ms": 853196250777.1672 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-12T13:55:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-12T11:55:06Z", "ms": 855748506418.5588 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z", "ms": 853196250777.1672 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z", "ms": 853196250777.1672 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-13T00:00:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-12T22:00:00Z", "ms": 853106400000 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:00:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:00:00Z", "ms": 853192800000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:00:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:00:00Z", "ms": 853192800000 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-15T00:00:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-14T22:00:00Z", "ms": 853279200000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 00:58 on Tue 14 Jan.", "fact": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Kyiv.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Europe/Kyiv" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 3451 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1997-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1997-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Makara Saṅkrānti 1997 falls on Tuesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 00:58 on Tue 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31092, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z", "ms": 853196250777.1672 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-12T13:55:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-12T11:55:06Z", "ms": 855748506418.5588 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z", "ms": 853196250777.1672 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-14T00:57:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z", "ms": 853196250777.1672 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-12T16:17:53+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-12T14:17:53Z", "ms": 853078672631.868 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-13T16:19:19+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T14:19:19Z", "ms": 853165158864.6454 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-13T16:19:19+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-13T14:19:19Z", "ms": 853165158864.6454 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-14T16:20:47+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-14T14:20:47Z", "ms": 853251646701.4132 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1997-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 00:58 on Tue 14 Jan.", "fact": "1997-01-13T22:57:31Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 16:19, and the day of the 14th ends at 16:21.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 31092 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Tuesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1997-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1997-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mattu Pongal 1997 falls on Wednesday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Tuesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 00:58 on Tue 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-01-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-01-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6364, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-01-18T09:36:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-18T07:36:23Z", "ms": 853572983454.2701 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-19T10:20:56+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-19T08:20:56Z", "ms": 853662056357.3546 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-01-18T09:36:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-18T07:36:23Z", "ms": 853572983454.2701 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-19T10:20:56+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-19T08:20:56Z", "ms": 853662056357.3546 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-18T07:50:20+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-18T05:50:20Z", "ms": 853566619686.3241 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-18T07:50:20+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-18T05:50:20Z", "ms": 853566619686.3241 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-19T07:49:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-19T05:49:23Z", "ms": 853652962896.7106 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-19T07:49:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-19T05:49:23Z", "ms": 853652962896.7106 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:36 on Sat 18 Jan to 10:21 on Sun 19 Jan.", "fact": "1997-01-18T07:36:23Z → 1997-01-19T08:20:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:50 on the 18th and 07:49 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6364 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 19 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Putradā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Sunday 19 January. Ekādaśī runs from 09:36 on Sat 18 Jan to 10:21 on Sun 19 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-01-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-01-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-01-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12398, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-01-20T11:31:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-20T09:31:32Z", "ms": 853752691817.3962 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-21T13:05:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-21T11:05:02Z", "ms": 853844702220.3771 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-01-20T11:31:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-20T09:31:32Z", "ms": 853752691817.3962 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-21T13:05:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-21T11:05:02Z", "ms": 853844702220.3771 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-20T16:30:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-20T14:30:03Z", "ms": 853770602904.5767 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-20T18:32:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-20T16:32:21Z", "ms": 853777941372.2755 } }, "covered_min": 122, "window_min": 122, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-21T16:31:40+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-21T14:31:40Z", "ms": 853857099755.5515 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-21T18:33:37+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-21T16:33:37Z", "ms": 853864416697.8789 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 122, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:32 on Mon 20 Jan to 13:05 on Tue 21 Jan.", "fact": "1997-01-20T09:31:32Z → 1997-01-21T11:05:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:30–18:32 on the 20th, 16:32–18:34 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 122 of 122 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 122 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12398 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 20 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Monday 20 January. Trayodaśī runs from 11:32 on Mon 20 Jan to 13:05 on Tue 21 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-01-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-01-27", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-01-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18374, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-01-27T00:58:25+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-26T22:58:25Z", "ms": 854319504854.6635 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-28T03:37:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-28T01:37:09Z", "ms": 854415428822.2317 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-01-27T00:58:25+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-26T22:58:25Z", "ms": 854319504854.6635 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-28T03:37:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-28T01:37:09Z", "ms": 854415428822.2317 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-26T19:52:11+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-26T17:52:11Z", "ms": 854301130777.8173 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-26T19:52:11+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-26T17:52:11Z", "ms": 854301130777.8173 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-01-27T20:53:46+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-27T18:53:46Z", "ms": 854391225977.8204 }, "end": { "local": "1997-01-27T20:53:46+02:00", "utc": "1997-01-27T18:53:46Z", "ms": 854391225977.8204 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:58 on Mon 27 Jan to 03:37 on Tue 28 Jan.", "fact": "1997-01-26T22:58:25Z → 1997-01-28T01:37:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:52 on the 26th and 20:54 on the 27th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 26th and is on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18374 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 27 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1997 falls on Monday 27 January. Caturthī runs from 00:58 on Mon 27 Jan to 03:37 on Tue 28 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-01-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-02-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3090, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-03T08:21:53+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-03T06:21:53Z", "ms": 854950913128.4929 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-04T06:23:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-04T04:23:14Z", "ms": 855030194186.4832 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-03T08:21:53+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-03T06:21:53Z", "ms": 854950913128.4929 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-04T06:23:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-04T04:23:14Z", "ms": 855030194186.4832 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-03T07:30:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-03T05:30:23Z", "ms": 854947822784.624 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-03T07:30:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-03T05:30:23Z", "ms": 854947822784.624 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-04T07:28:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-04T05:28:50Z", "ms": 855034130001.0043 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-04T07:28:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-04T05:28:50Z", "ms": 855034130001.0043 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:22 on Mon 3 Feb to 06:23 on Tue 4 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-03T06:21:53Z → 1997-02-04T04:23:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:30 on the 3rd and 07:29 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 3090 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 3 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Monday 3 February. Ekādaśī runs from 08:22 on Mon 3 Feb to 06:23 on Tue 4 Feb, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-02-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-02-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20190, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-05T03:42:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-05T01:42:50Z", "ms": 855106969603.0015 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-06T00:29:34+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-05T22:29:34Z", "ms": 855181773740.2566 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-05T03:42:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-05T01:42:50Z", "ms": 855106969603.0015 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-06T00:29:34+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-05T22:29:34Z", "ms": 855181773740.2566 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-04T16:55:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-04T14:55:32Z", "ms": 855068131609.6222 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-04T18:51:45+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-04T16:51:45Z", "ms": 855075105450.7834 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 116, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-05T16:57:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-05T14:57:17Z", "ms": 855154637044.844 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-05T18:53:04+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-05T16:53:04Z", "ms": 855161583983.5768 } }, "covered_min": 116, "window_min": 116, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:43 on Wed 5 Feb to 00:30 on Thu 6 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-05T01:42:50Z → 1997-02-05T22:29:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:56–18:52 on the 4th, 16:57–18:53 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 116 minutes on the 4th and 116 of 116 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20190 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Wednesday 5 February. Trayodaśī runs from 03:43 on Wed 5 Feb to 00:30 on Thu 6 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-02-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-02-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 354, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-06T00:29:34+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-05T22:29:34Z", "ms": 855181773740.2566 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-06T20:53:44+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-06T18:53:44Z", "ms": 855255223536.8408 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-06T00:29:34+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-05T22:29:34Z", "ms": 855181773740.2566 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-06T20:53:44+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-06T18:53:44Z", "ms": 855255223536.8408 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-05T23:47:28+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-05T21:47:28Z", "ms": 855179248065.092 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-06T00:35:28+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-05T22:35:28Z", "ms": 855182128065.092 } }, "covered_min": 6, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-06T23:47:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-06T21:47:32Z", "ms": 855265651838.7196 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-07T00:35:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-06T22:35:32Z", "ms": 855268531838.7196 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:30 on Thu 6 Feb to 20:54 on Thu 6 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-05T22:29:34Z → 1997-02-06T18:53:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:47–00:35 on the 5th, 23:48–00:36 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 6 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 354 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1997 falls on Wednesday 5 February. Caturdaśī runs from 00:30 on Thu 6 Feb to 20:54 on Thu 6 Feb and covers 6 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-02-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18018, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-06T00:29:34+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-05T22:29:34Z", "ms": 855181773740.2566 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-06T20:53:44+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-06T18:53:44Z", "ms": 855255223536.8408 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-06T00:29:34+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-05T22:29:34Z", "ms": 855181773740.2566 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-06T20:53:44+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-06T18:53:44Z", "ms": 855255223536.8408 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-06T05:29:52+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-06T03:29:52Z", "ms": 855199792146.6074 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-06T07:25:39+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-06T05:25:39Z", "ms": 855206739085.3402 } }, "covered_min": 116, "window_min": 116, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-07T05:28:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-07T03:28:41Z", "ms": 855286121259.5913 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-07T07:24:01+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-07T05:24:01Z", "ms": 855293041048.9991 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:30 on Thu 6 Feb to 20:54 on Thu 6 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-05T22:29:34Z → 1997-02-06T18:53:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:30–07:26 on the 6th, 05:29–07:24 on the 7th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 116 of 116 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 115 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18018 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Yama Tarpaṇa 1997 falls on Thursday 6 February. Caturdaśī runs from 00:30 on Thu 6 Feb to 20:54 on Thu 6 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19551, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-10T06:22:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-10T04:22:41Z", "ms": 855548560606.1189 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-11T03:34:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T01:34:02Z", "ms": 855624842178.7228 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-10T06:22:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-10T04:22:41Z", "ms": 855548560606.1189 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-11T03:34:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T01:34:02Z", "ms": 855624842178.7228 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-10T11:48:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-10T09:48:31Z", "ms": 855568111355.7988 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-10T12:36:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-10T10:36:31Z", "ms": 855570991355.7988 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-11T11:48:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T09:48:32Z", "ms": 855654511989.4448 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-11T12:36:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T10:36:32Z", "ms": 855657391989.4448 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:23 on Mon 10 Feb to 03:34 on Tue 11 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-10T04:22:41Z → 1997-02-11T01:34:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 10th, 11:49–12:37 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19551 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 10 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1997 falls on Monday 10 February. Caturthī runs from 06:23 on Mon 10 Feb to 03:34 on Tue 11 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30868, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-10T06:22:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-10T04:22:41Z", "ms": 855548560606.1189 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-11T03:34:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T01:34:02Z", "ms": 855624842178.7228 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-10T06:22:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-10T04:22:41Z", "ms": 855548560606.1189 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-11T03:34:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T01:34:02Z", "ms": 855624842178.7228 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-09T17:04:20+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-09T15:04:20Z", "ms": 855500659811.9755 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-09T18:58:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-09T16:58:17Z", "ms": 855507496792.6652 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-10T17:06:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-10T15:06:06Z", "ms": 855587165544.4498 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-10T18:59:35+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-10T16:59:35Z", "ms": 855593974506.7194 } }, "covered_min": 113, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:23 on Mon 10 Feb to 03:34 on Tue 11 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-10T04:22:41Z → 1997-02-11T01:34:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:04–18:58 on the 9th, 17:06–19:00 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 114 minutes on the 9th and 113 of 113 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30868 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 10 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Tila Caturthī 1997 falls on Monday 10 February. Caturthī runs from 06:23 on Mon 10 Feb to 03:34 on Tue 11 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29670, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-11T03:34:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T01:34:02Z", "ms": 855624842178.7228 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-12T01:21:43+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T23:21:43Z", "ms": 855703302607.2767 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-11T03:34:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T01:34:02Z", "ms": 855624842178.7228 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-12T01:21:43+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T23:21:43Z", "ms": 855703302607.2767 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-11T11:48:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T09:48:32Z", "ms": 855654511989.4448 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-11T12:36:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T10:36:32Z", "ms": 855657391989.4448 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-12T11:48:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-12T09:48:32Z", "ms": 855740911836.2034 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-12T12:36:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-12T10:36:32Z", "ms": 855743791836.2034 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 03:34 on Tue 11 Feb to 01:22 on Wed 12 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-11T01:34:02Z → 1997-02-11T23:21:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 11th, 11:49–12:37 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29670 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 11 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śrī Pañcamī 1997 falls on Tuesday 11 February. Pañcamī runs from 03:34 on Tue 11 Feb to 01:22 on Wed 12 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29670, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-11T03:34:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T01:34:02Z", "ms": 855624842178.7228 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-12T01:21:43+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T23:21:43Z", "ms": 855703302607.2767 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-11T03:34:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T01:34:02Z", "ms": 855624842178.7228 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-12T01:21:43+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T23:21:43Z", "ms": 855703302607.2767 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-11T11:48:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T09:48:32Z", "ms": 855654511989.4448 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-11T12:36:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-11T10:36:32Z", "ms": 855657391989.4448 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-12T11:48:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-12T09:48:32Z", "ms": 855740911836.2034 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-12T12:36:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-12T10:36:32Z", "ms": 855743791836.2034 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 03:34 on Tue 11 Feb to 01:22 on Wed 12 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-11T01:34:02Z → 1997-02-11T23:21:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 11th, 11:49–12:37 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29670 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 11 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vasanta Pañcamī 1997 falls on Tuesday 11 February. Pañcamī runs from 03:34 on Tue 11 Feb to 01:22 on Wed 12 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19814, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-12T23:50:53+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-12T21:50:53Z", "ms": 855784252813.216 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-13T23:04:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-13T21:04:13Z", "ms": 855867853237.2559 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-12T23:50:53+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-12T21:50:53Z", "ms": 855784252813.216 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-13T23:04:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-13T21:04:13Z", "ms": 855867853237.2559 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-13T05:21:07+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-13T03:21:07Z", "ms": 855804067181.8265 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-13T07:13:40+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-13T05:13:40Z", "ms": 855810819548.4325 } }, "covered_min": 113, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-14T05:19:47+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-14T03:19:47Z", "ms": 855890387022.2655 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-14T07:11:51+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-14T05:11:51Z", "ms": 855897110831.8137 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 23:51 on Wed 12 Feb to 23:04 on Thu 13 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-12T21:50:53Z → 1997-02-13T21:04:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:21–07:14 on the 13th, 05:20–07:12 on the 14th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 113 of 113 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 112 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19814 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 13 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ratha Saptamī 1997 falls on Thursday 13 February. Saptamī runs from 23:51 on Wed 12 Feb to 23:04 on Thu 13 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-02-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15803, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-17T00:55:43+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-16T22:55:43Z", "ms": 856133742903.6681 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-18T02:41:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-18T00:41:00Z", "ms": 856226460450.7809 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-17T00:55:43+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-16T22:55:43Z", "ms": 856133742903.6681 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-18T02:41:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-18T00:41:00Z", "ms": 856226460450.7809 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-17T07:06:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-17T05:06:17Z", "ms": 856155976789.3468 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-17T07:06:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-17T05:06:17Z", "ms": 856155976789.3468 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-18T07:04:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-18T05:04:23Z", "ms": 856242262961.8818 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-18T07:04:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-18T05:04:23Z", "ms": 856242262961.8818 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:56 on Mon 17 Feb to 02:41 on Tue 18 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-16T22:55:43Z → 1997-02-18T00:41:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:06 on the 17th and 07:04 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 17th and is not on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15803 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Jayā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Monday 17 February. Ekādaśī runs from 00:56 on Mon 17 Feb to 02:41 on Tue 18 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-02-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25127, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-18T02:41:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-18T00:41:00Z", "ms": 856226460450.7809 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-19T04:49:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-19T02:49:23Z", "ms": 856320562596.5138 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-18T02:41:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-18T00:41:00Z", "ms": 856226460450.7809 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-19T04:49:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-19T02:49:23Z", "ms": 856320562596.5138 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-18T11:48:15+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-18T09:48:15Z", "ms": 856259294969.6421 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-18T12:36:15+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-18T10:36:15Z", "ms": 856262174969.6421 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-19T11:48:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-19T09:48:10Z", "ms": 856345689626.3584 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-19T12:36:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-19T10:36:10Z", "ms": 856348569626.3584 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 02:41 on Tue 18 Feb to 04:49 on Wed 19 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-18T00:41:00Z → 1997-02-19T02:49:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 18th, 11:48–12:36 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25127 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 18 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1997 falls on Tuesday 18 February. Dvādaśī runs from 02:41 on Tue 18 Feb to 04:49 on Wed 19 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-02-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34777, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-19T04:49:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-19T02:49:23Z", "ms": 856320562596.5138 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-20T07:13:58+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-20T05:13:58Z", "ms": 856415637677.9194 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-19T04:49:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-19T02:49:23Z", "ms": 856320562596.5138 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-20T07:13:58+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-20T05:13:58Z", "ms": 856415637677.9194 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-18T17:20:07+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-18T15:20:07Z", "ms": 856279206977.4022 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-18T19:09:46+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-18T17:09:46Z", "ms": 856285785776.2533 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-19T17:21:51+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-19T15:21:51Z", "ms": 856365711283.9318 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-19T19:11:01+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-19T17:11:01Z", "ms": 856372260693.2542 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:49 on Wed 19 Feb to 07:14 on Thu 20 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-19T02:49:23Z → 1997-02-20T05:13:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:20–19:10 on the 18th, 17:22–19:11 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 110 minutes on the 18th and 109 of 109 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34777 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 19 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Wednesday 19 February. Trayodaśī runs from 04:49 on Wed 19 Feb to 07:14 on Thu 20 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-02-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 550, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-02-21T09:48:22+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-21T07:48:22Z", "ms": 856511302354.7367 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-22T12:26:40+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-22T10:26:40Z", "ms": 856607199951.1262 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-21T09:48:22+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-21T07:48:22Z", "ms": 856511302354.7367 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-22T12:26:40+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-22T10:26:40Z", "ms": 856607199951.1262 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-21T11:47:57+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-21T09:47:57Z", "ms": 856518476913.6521 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-21T12:35:57+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-21T10:35:57Z", "ms": 856521356913.6521 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-22T11:47:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-22T09:47:50Z", "ms": 856604869580.188 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-22T12:35:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-22T10:35:50Z", "ms": 856607749580.188 } }, "covered_min": 39, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:48 on Fri 21 Feb to 12:27 on Sat 22 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-21T07:48:22Z → 1997-02-22T10:26:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 21st, 11:48–12:36 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 39 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 550 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1997 falls on Saturday 22 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:48 on Fri 21 Feb to 12:27 on Sat 22 Feb and covers 39 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-02-25", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-02-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1037, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-02-25T19:44:57+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-25T17:44:57Z", "ms": 856892696808.3223 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-26T21:36:38+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-26T19:36:38Z", "ms": 856985797505.5719 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-02-25T19:44:57+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-25T17:44:57Z", "ms": 856892696808.3223 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-26T21:36:38+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-26T19:36:38Z", "ms": 856985797505.5719 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-02-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-25T20:50:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-25T18:50:31Z", "ms": 856896631386.9614 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-25T20:50:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-25T18:50:31Z", "ms": 856896631386.9614 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-02-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-02-26T21:53:55+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-26T19:53:55Z", "ms": 856986834880.893 }, "end": { "local": "1997-02-26T21:53:55+02:00", "utc": "1997-02-26T19:53:55Z", "ms": 856986834880.893 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:45 on Tue 25 Feb to 21:37 on Wed 26 Feb.", "fact": "1997-02-25T17:44:57Z → 1997-02-26T19:36:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:51 on the 25th and 21:54 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1037 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 25 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-02-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1997 falls on Tuesday 25 February. Caturthī runs from 19:45 on Tue 25 Feb to 21:37 on Wed 26 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-02-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-03-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-03-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38097, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-03-04T19:47:51+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-04T17:47:51Z", "ms": 857497670769.5719 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-05T17:08:56+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-05T15:08:56Z", "ms": 857574536019.7135 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-03-04T19:47:51+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-04T17:47:51Z", "ms": 857497670769.5719 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-05T17:08:56+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-05T15:08:56Z", "ms": 857574536019.7135 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-04T06:36:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-04T04:36:06Z", "ms": 857450166083.9442 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-04T06:36:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-04T04:36:06Z", "ms": 857450166083.9442 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-05T06:33:59+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-05T04:33:59Z", "ms": 857536439092.4635 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-05T06:33:59+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-05T04:33:59Z", "ms": 857536439092.4635 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:48 on Tue 4 Mar to 17:09 on Wed 5 Mar.", "fact": "1997-03-04T17:47:51Z → 1997-03-05T15:08:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:36 on the 4th and 06:34 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38097 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 5 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Wednesday 5 March. Ekādaśī runs from 19:48 on Tue 4 Mar to 17:09 on Wed 5 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-03-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-03-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-03-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13570, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-03-06T14:01:15+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-06T12:01:15Z", "ms": 857649675436.6733 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-07T10:33:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-07T08:33:18Z", "ms": 857723598340.4988 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-03-06T14:01:15+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-06T12:01:15Z", "ms": 857649675436.6733 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-07T10:33:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-07T08:33:18Z", "ms": 857723598340.4988 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-06T17:47:25+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-06T15:47:25Z", "ms": 857663245155.7623 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-06T19:29:04+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-06T17:29:04Z", "ms": 857669343590.6392 } }, "covered_min": 102, "window_min": 102, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-07T17:49:05+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-07T15:49:05Z", "ms": 857749745351.6046 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-07T19:30:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-07T17:30:13Z", "ms": 857755813277.7161 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:01 on Thu 6 Mar to 10:33 on Fri 7 Mar.", "fact": "1997-03-06T12:01:15Z → 1997-03-07T08:33:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:47–19:29 on the 6th, 17:49–19:30 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 102 of 102 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 101 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13570 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 6 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Thursday 6 March. Trayodaśī runs from 14:01 on Thu 6 Mar to 10:33 on Fri 7 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-03-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-03-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22928, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-03-07T10:33:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-07T08:33:18Z", "ms": 857723598340.4988 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-08T06:54:28+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-08T04:54:28Z", "ms": 857796867585.9803 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-03-07T10:33:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-07T08:33:18Z", "ms": 857723598340.4988 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-08T06:54:28+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-08T04:54:28Z", "ms": 857796867585.9803 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-06T23:44:34+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-06T21:44:34Z", "ms": 857684674286.5505 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-07T00:32:34+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-06T22:32:34Z", "ms": 857687554286.5505 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-07T23:44:20+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-07T21:44:20Z", "ms": 857771060074.5227 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-08T00:32:20+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-07T22:32:20Z", "ms": 857773940074.5227 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:33 on Fri 7 Mar to 06:54 on Sat 8 Mar.", "fact": "1997-03-07T08:33:18Z → 1997-03-08T04:54:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:45–00:33 on the 6th, 23:44–00:32 on the 7th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 22928 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mahāśivarātri 1997 falls on Friday 7 March. Caturdaśī runs from 10:33 on Fri 7 Mar to 06:54 on Sat 8 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-03-12", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-03-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11220, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-03-11T17:47:16+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-11T15:47:16Z", "ms": 858095235828.4911 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-12T15:39:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-12T13:39:09Z", "ms": 858173949051.3428 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-03-11T17:47:16+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-11T15:47:16Z", "ms": 858095235828.4911 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-12T15:39:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-12T13:39:09Z", "ms": 858173949051.3428 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-03-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-11T11:44:25+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-11T09:44:25Z", "ms": 858073464864.4077 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-11T12:32:25+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-11T10:32:25Z", "ms": 858076344864.4077 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-12T11:44:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-12T09:44:09Z", "ms": 858159849135.2585 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-12T12:32:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-12T10:32:09Z", "ms": 858162729135.2585 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:47 on Tue 11 Mar to 15:39 on Wed 12 Mar.", "fact": "1997-03-11T15:47:16Z → 1997-03-12T13:39:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 11th, 11:44–12:32 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11220 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 12 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1997 falls on Wednesday 12 March. Caturthī runs from 17:47 on Tue 11 Mar to 15:39 on Wed 12 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-03-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-03-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-03-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33215, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-03-18T18:20:29+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-18T16:20:29Z", "ms": 858702028913.1813 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-19T20:47:48+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-19T18:47:48Z", "ms": 858797267676.6976 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-03-18T18:20:29+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-18T16:20:29Z", "ms": 858702028913.1813 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-19T20:47:48+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-19T18:47:48Z", "ms": 858797267676.6976 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-19T06:03:35+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-19T04:03:35Z", "ms": 858744214708.1642 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-19T06:03:35+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-19T04:03:35Z", "ms": 858744214708.1642 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-20T06:01:22+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-20T04:01:22Z", "ms": 858830482294.5469 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-20T06:01:22+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-20T04:01:22Z", "ms": 858830482294.5469 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:20 on Tue 18 Mar to 20:48 on Wed 19 Mar.", "fact": "1997-03-18T16:20:29Z → 1997-03-19T18:47:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:04 on the 19th and 06:01 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33215 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 19 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Wednesday 19 March. Ekādaśī runs from 18:20 on Tue 18 Mar to 20:48 on Wed 19 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-03-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-03-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13218, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-03-20T23:25:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-20T21:25:13Z", "ms": 858893113122.2034 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-22T02:02:39+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-22T00:02:39Z", "ms": 858988959276.9434 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-03-20T23:25:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-20T21:25:13Z", "ms": 858893113122.2034 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-22T02:02:39+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-22T00:02:39Z", "ms": 858988959276.9434 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-20T18:10:25+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-20T16:10:25Z", "ms": 858874225480.041 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-20T19:44:55+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-20T17:44:55Z", "ms": 858879895385.2489 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-21T18:12:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-21T16:12:02Z", "ms": 858960722469.4843 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-21T19:46:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-21T17:46:02Z", "ms": 858966361762.0964 } }, "covered_min": 94, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:25 on Thu 20 Mar to 02:03 on Sat 22 Mar.", "fact": "1997-03-20T21:25:13Z → 1997-03-22T00:02:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:10–19:45 on the 20th, 18:12–19:46 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 94 minutes on the 20th and 94 of 94 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13218 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Friday 21 March. Trayodaśī runs from 23:25 on Thu 20 Mar to 02:03 on Sat 22 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-03-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32566, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-03-23T04:31:34+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-23T02:31:34Z", "ms": 859084293745.1472 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-24T06:45:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-24T04:45:14Z", "ms": 859178714482.6531 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-03-23T04:31:34+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-23T02:31:34Z", "ms": 859084293745.1472 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-24T06:45:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-24T04:45:14Z", "ms": 859178714482.6531 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-23T15:47:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-23T13:47:10Z", "ms": 859124829701.3813 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-23T18:15:16+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-23T16:15:16Z", "ms": 859133715998.8379 } }, "covered_min": 148, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-24T15:48:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-24T13:48:00Z", "ms": 859211280422.8179 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-24T18:16:53+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-24T16:16:53Z", "ms": 859220212567.6091 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 149, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:32 on Sun 23 Mar to 06:45 on Mon 24 Mar.", "fact": "1997-03-23T02:31:34Z → 1997-03-24T04:45:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:47–18:15 on the 23rd, 15:48–18:17 on the 24th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 148 of 148 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 149 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32566 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Holikā Dahana 1997 falls on Sunday 23 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:32 on Sun 23 Mar to 06:45 on Mon 24 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32566, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-03-23T04:31:34+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-23T02:31:34Z", "ms": 859084293745.1472 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-24T06:45:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-24T04:45:14Z", "ms": 859178714482.6531 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-03-23T04:31:34+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-23T02:31:34Z", "ms": 859084293745.1472 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-24T06:45:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-24T04:45:14Z", "ms": 859178714482.6531 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-23T15:47:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-23T13:47:10Z", "ms": 859124829701.3813 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-23T18:15:16+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-23T16:15:16Z", "ms": 859133715998.8379 } }, "covered_min": 148, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-24T15:48:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-24T13:48:00Z", "ms": 859211280422.8179 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-24T18:16:53+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-24T16:16:53Z", "ms": 859220212567.6091 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 149, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1997-03-23", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:32 on Sun 23 Mar to 06:45 on Mon 24 Mar.", "fact": "1997-03-23T02:31:34Z → 1997-03-24T04:45:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:47–18:15 on the 23rd, 15:48–18:17 on the 24th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 148 of 148 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 149 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32566 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Sunday 23 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Holī 1997 falls on Monday 24 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Sunday 23 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:32 on Sun 23 Mar to 06:45 on Mon 24 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 23rd.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3163, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1997-03-24T06:45:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-24T04:45:14Z", "ms": 859178714482.6531 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-25T08:38:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-25T06:38:41Z", "ms": 859271921104.097 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-03-24T06:45:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-24T04:45:14Z", "ms": 859178714482.6531 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-25T08:38:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-25T06:38:41Z", "ms": 859271921104.097 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-24T05:52:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-24T03:52:32Z", "ms": 859175551843.653 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-24T05:52:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-24T03:52:32Z", "ms": 859175551843.653 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-25T05:50:19+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-25T03:50:19Z", "ms": 859261819192.5067 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-25T05:50:19+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-25T03:50:19Z", "ms": 859261819192.5067 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 06:45 on Mon 24 Mar to 08:39 on Tue 25 Mar.", "fact": "1997-03-24T04:45:14Z → 1997-03-25T06:38:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:53 on the 24th and 05:50 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3163 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vasantotsava 1997 falls on Tuesday 25 March. Pratipadā runs from 06:45 on Mon 24 Mar to 08:39 on Tue 25 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-03-27", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38646, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-03-27T11:11:01+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-27T09:11:01Z", "ms": 859453861499.9596 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-28T11:44:59+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-28T09:44:59Z", "ms": 859542298770.0593 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-03-27T11:11:01+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-27T09:11:01Z", "ms": 859453861499.9596 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-28T11:44:59+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-28T09:44:59Z", "ms": 859542298770.0593 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-27T21:55:08+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-27T19:55:08Z", "ms": 859492507661.0852 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-27T21:55:08+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-27T19:55:08Z", "ms": 859492507661.0852 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-28T22:59:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-28T20:59:00Z", "ms": 859582739799.0984 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-28T22:59:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-03-28T20:59:00Z", "ms": 859582739799.0984 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:11 on Thu 27 Mar to 11:45 on Fri 28 Mar.", "fact": "1997-03-27T09:11:01Z → 1997-03-28T09:44:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:55 on the 27th and 22:59 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38646 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1997 falls on Thursday 27 March. Caturthī runs from 11:11 on Thu 27 Mar to 11:45 on Fri 28 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-03-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4708, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1997-03-31T11:20:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-03-31T08:20:07Z", "ms": 859796407415.1218 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-01T09:48:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-01T06:48:49Z", "ms": 859877329417.8389 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-03-31T11:20:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-03-31T08:20:07Z", "ms": 859796407415.1218 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-01T09:48:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-01T06:48:49Z", "ms": 859877329417.8389 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-03-31T12:38:36+03:00", "utc": "1997-03-31T09:38:36Z", "ms": 859801115832.386 }, "end": { "local": "1997-03-31T13:26:36+03:00", "utc": "1997-03-31T10:26:36Z", "ms": 859803995832.386 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-01T12:38:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-01T09:38:18Z", "ms": 859887498043.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-01T13:26:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-01T10:26:18Z", "ms": 859890378043.4995 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:20 on Mon 31 Mar to 09:49 on Tue 1 Apr.", "fact": "1997-03-31T08:20:07Z → 1997-04-01T06:48:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 31st, 12:38–13:26 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4708 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śītalāṣṭamī 1997 falls on Monday 31 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:20 on Mon 31 Mar to 09:49 on Tue 1 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-04-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4125, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-04-03T05:21:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-03T02:21:46Z", "ms": 860034106236.9741 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-04T02:33:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-03T23:33:57Z", "ms": 860110436530.9512 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-03T05:21:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-03T02:21:46Z", "ms": 860034106236.9741 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-04T02:33:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-03T23:33:57Z", "ms": 860110436530.9512 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-03T06:30:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-03T03:30:31Z", "ms": 860038231401.5225 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-03T06:30:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-03T03:30:31Z", "ms": 860038231401.5225 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-04T06:28:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-04T03:28:21Z", "ms": 860124500686.6102 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-04T06:28:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-04T03:28:21Z", "ms": 860124500686.6102 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:22 on Thu 3 Apr to 02:34 on Fri 4 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-03T02:21:46Z → 1997-04-03T23:33:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:31 on the 3rd and 06:28 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4125 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Thursday 3 April. Ekādaśī runs from 05:22 on Thu 3 Apr to 02:34 on Fri 4 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-04-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-04-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2568, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-04-04T23:30:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-04T20:30:40Z", "ms": 860185839947.707 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-05T20:18:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-05T17:18:54Z", "ms": 860260733943.0756 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-04T23:30:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-04T20:30:40Z", "ms": 860185839947.707 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-05T20:18:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-05T17:18:54Z", "ms": 860260733943.0756 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-04T19:34:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-04T16:34:30Z", "ms": 860171670346.398 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-04T21:01:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-04T18:01:24Z", "ms": 860176883678.6317 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-05T19:36:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-05T16:36:06Z", "ms": 860258166348.4697 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-05T21:02:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-05T18:02:30Z", "ms": 860263349553.3629 } }, "covered_min": 43, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:31 on Fri 4 Apr to 20:19 on Sat 5 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-04T20:30:40Z → 1997-04-05T17:18:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:35–21:01 on the 4th, 19:36–21:02 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 4th and 43 of 86 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2568 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Saturday 5 April. Trayodaśī runs from 23:31 on Fri 4 Apr to 20:19 on Sat 5 Apr and covers 43 of 86 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-04-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-04-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15429, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-04-05T20:18:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-05T17:18:54Z", "ms": 860260733943.0756 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-06T17:06:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-06T14:06:29Z", "ms": 860335588766.3522 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-05T20:18:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-05T17:18:54Z", "ms": 860260733943.0756 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-06T17:06:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-06T14:06:29Z", "ms": 860335588766.3522 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-06T00:36:03+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-05T21:36:03Z", "ms": 860276163366.8192 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-06T01:24:03+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-05T22:24:03Z", "ms": 860279043366.8192 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-07T00:35:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-06T21:35:47Z", "ms": 860362546598.0878 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-07T01:23:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-06T22:23:47Z", "ms": 860365426598.0878 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:19 on Sat 5 Apr to 17:06 on Sun 6 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-05T17:18:54Z → 1997-04-06T14:06:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:36–01:24 on the 5th, 00:36–01:24 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15429 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1997 falls on Saturday 5 April. Caturdaśī runs from 20:19 on Sat 5 Apr to 17:06 on Sun 6 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-04-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2239, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1997-04-07T14:01:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-07T11:01:53Z", "ms": 860410913313.8289 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-08T11:13:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-08T08:13:58Z", "ms": 860487237911.0602 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-07T14:01:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-07T11:01:53Z", "ms": 860410913313.8289 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-08T11:13:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-08T08:13:58Z", "ms": 860487237911.0602 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-07T12:36:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-07T09:36:35Z", "ms": 860405794587.6527 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-07T13:24:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-07T10:24:35Z", "ms": 860408674587.6527 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-08T12:36:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-08T09:36:18Z", "ms": 860492178030.8247 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-08T13:24:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-08T10:24:18Z", "ms": 860495058030.8247 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 14:02 on Mon 7 Apr to 11:14 on Tue 8 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-07T11:01:53Z → 1997-04-08T08:13:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:37–13:25 on the 7th, 12:36–13:24 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 2239 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1997 falls on Tuesday 8 April. Pratipadā runs from 14:02 on Mon 7 Apr to 11:14 on Tue 8 Apr, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13470, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1997-04-09T08:51:32+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-09T05:51:32Z", "ms": 860565091711.4043 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-10T07:02:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-10T04:02:52Z", "ms": 860644971684.1404 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-09T08:51:32+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-09T05:51:32Z", "ms": 860565091711.4043 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-10T07:02:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-10T04:02:52Z", "ms": 860644971684.1404 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-09T12:36:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-09T09:36:02Z", "ms": 860578561704.5624 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-09T13:24:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-09T10:24:02Z", "ms": 860581441704.5624 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-10T12:35:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-10T09:35:46Z", "ms": 860664945621.5646 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-10T13:23:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-10T10:23:46Z", "ms": 860667825621.5646 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:52 on Wed 9 Apr to 07:03 on Thu 10 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-09T05:51:32Z → 1997-04-10T04:02:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 9th, 12:36–13:24 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13470 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1997 falls on Wednesday 9 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:52 on Wed 9 Apr to 07:03 on Thu 10 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13470, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1997-04-09T08:51:32+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-09T05:51:32Z", "ms": 860565091711.4043 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-10T07:02:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-10T04:02:52Z", "ms": 860644971684.1404 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-09T08:51:32+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-09T05:51:32Z", "ms": 860565091711.4043 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-10T07:02:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-10T04:02:52Z", "ms": 860644971684.1404 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-09T12:36:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-09T09:36:02Z", "ms": 860578561704.5624 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-09T13:24:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-09T10:24:02Z", "ms": 860581441704.5624 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-10T12:35:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-10T09:35:46Z", "ms": 860664945621.5646 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-10T13:23:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-10T10:23:46Z", "ms": 860667825621.5646 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:52 on Wed 9 Apr to 07:03 on Thu 10 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-09T05:51:32Z → 1997-04-10T04:02:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 9th, 12:36–13:24 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13470 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1997 falls on Wednesday 9 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:52 on Wed 9 Apr to 07:03 on Thu 10 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-04-10", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19974, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-04-10T07:02:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-10T04:02:52Z", "ms": 860644971684.1404 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-11T05:55:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-11T02:55:01Z", "ms": 860727300626.4518 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-10T07:02:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-10T04:02:52Z", "ms": 860644971684.1404 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-11T05:55:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-11T02:55:01Z", "ms": 860727300626.4518 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-10T12:35:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-10T09:35:46Z", "ms": 860664945621.5646 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-10T13:23:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-10T10:23:46Z", "ms": 860667825621.5646 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-11T12:35:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-11T09:35:30Z", "ms": 860751329795.1125 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-11T13:23:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-11T10:23:30Z", "ms": 860754209795.1125 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:03 on Thu 10 Apr to 05:55 on Fri 11 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-10T04:02:52Z → 1997-04-11T02:55:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 10th, 12:35–13:23 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19974 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1997 falls on Thursday 10 April. Caturthī runs from 07:03 on Thu 10 Apr to 05:55 on Fri 11 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-04-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24029, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1997-04-11T05:55:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-11T02:55:01Z", "ms": 860727300626.4518 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-12T05:32:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-12T02:32:54Z", "ms": 860812374150.3606 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-11T05:55:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-11T02:55:01Z", "ms": 860727300626.4518 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-12T05:32:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-12T02:32:54Z", "ms": 860812374150.3606 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-11T12:35:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-11T09:35:30Z", "ms": 860751329795.1125 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-11T13:23:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-11T10:23:30Z", "ms": 860754209795.1125 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-12T12:35:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-12T09:35:14Z", "ms": 860837714239.1589 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-12T13:23:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-12T10:23:14Z", "ms": 860840594239.1589 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 05:55 on Fri 11 Apr to 05:33 on Sat 12 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-11T02:55:01Z → 1997-04-12T02:32:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:35–13:23 on the 11th, 12:35–13:23 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24029 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 11 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1997 falls on Friday 11 April. Pañcamī runs from 05:55 on Fri 11 Apr to 05:33 on Sat 12 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35187, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1997-04-13T20:20:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-13T17:20:31Z", "ms": 860952031252.6569 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-14T17:16:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-14T14:16:24Z", "ms": 863619384228.9508 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1997-04-13T20:20:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-13T17:20:31Z", "ms": 860952031252.6569 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-13T20:20:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-13T17:20:31Z", "ms": 860952031252.6569 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-13T06:09:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-13T03:09:04Z", "ms": 860900944214.9082 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-14T06:06:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-14T03:06:58Z", "ms": 860987218490.1323 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1438, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-14T06:06:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-14T03:06:58Z", "ms": 860987218490.1323 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-15T06:04:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-15T03:04:53Z", "ms": 861073493440.5465 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1438, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 20:21 on Sun 13 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-13T17:20:31Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:09 on the 13th, and from 06:07 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 35187 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1997-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1997-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vaiśākhī 1997 falls on Sunday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 20:21 on Sun 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. By the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12920, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1997-04-14T07:09:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-14T04:09:17Z", "ms": 860990956524.0354 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-15T08:59:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-15T05:59:09Z", "ms": 861083949089.1754 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-14T07:09:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-14T04:09:17Z", "ms": 860990956524.0354 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-15T08:59:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-15T05:59:09Z", "ms": 861083949089.1754 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-14T12:34:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-14T09:34:44Z", "ms": 861010483997.4651 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-14T13:22:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-14T10:22:44Z", "ms": 861013363997.4651 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-15T12:34:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-15T09:34:29Z", "ms": 861096869342.1038 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-15T13:22:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-15T10:22:29Z", "ms": 861099749342.1038 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 07:09 on Mon 14 Apr to 08:59 on Tue 15 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-14T04:09:17Z → 1997-04-15T05:59:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:35–13:23 on the 14th, 12:34–13:22 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12920 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 14 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Bhavānī Utpatti 1997 falls on Monday 14 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 07:09 on Mon 14 Apr to 08:59 on Tue 15 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4602, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1997-04-15T08:59:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-15T05:59:09Z", "ms": 861083949089.1754 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-16T11:17:33+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-16T08:17:33Z", "ms": 861178652733.0317 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-15T08:59:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-15T05:59:09Z", "ms": 861083949089.1754 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-16T11:17:33+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-16T08:17:33Z", "ms": 861178652733.0317 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-15T12:34:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-15T09:34:29Z", "ms": 861096869342.1038 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-15T13:22:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-15T10:22:29Z", "ms": 861099749342.1038 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-16T12:34:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-16T09:34:15Z", "ms": 861183255017.7217 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-16T13:22:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-16T10:22:15Z", "ms": 861186135017.7217 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 08:59 on Tue 15 Apr to 11:18 on Wed 16 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-15T05:59:09Z → 1997-04-16T08:17:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:34–13:22 on the 15th, 12:34–13:22 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4602 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rāma Navamī 1997 falls on Tuesday 15 April. Navamī runs from 08:59 on Tue 15 Apr to 11:18 on Wed 16 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-04-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28234, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-04-17T13:51:19+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-17T10:51:19Z", "ms": 861274279231.0594 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-18T16:26:34+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-18T13:26:34Z", "ms": 861369994408.0756 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-17T13:51:19+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-17T10:51:19Z", "ms": 861274279231.0594 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-18T16:26:34+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-18T13:26:34Z", "ms": 861369994408.0756 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-17T06:00:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-17T03:00:46Z", "ms": 861246045509.665 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-17T06:00:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-17T03:00:46Z", "ms": 861246045509.665 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-18T05:58:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-18T02:58:43Z", "ms": 861332322701.323 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-18T05:58:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-18T02:58:43Z", "ms": 861332322701.323 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:51 on Thu 17 Apr to 16:27 on Fri 18 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-17T10:51:19Z → 1997-04-18T13:26:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:01 on the 17th and 05:59 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 17th and is on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28234 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 18 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Friday 18 April. Ekādaśī runs from 13:51 on Thu 17 Apr to 16:27 on Fri 18 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-04-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-04-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-19", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1529, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-04-19T18:50:38+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-19T15:50:38Z", "ms": 861465038304.4148 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-20T20:53:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-20T17:53:35Z", "ms": 861558815319.6194 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-19T18:50:38+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-19T15:50:38Z", "ms": 861465038304.4148 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-20T20:53:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-20T17:53:35Z", "ms": 861558815319.6194 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-19T19:58:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-19T16:58:28Z", "ms": 861469107660.1608 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-19T21:17:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-19T18:17:57Z", "ms": 861473877250.2493 } }, "covered_min": 79, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-20T20:00:03+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-20T17:00:03Z", "ms": 861555603100.9818 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-20T21:19:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-20T18:19:04Z", "ms": 861560343934.8918 } }, "covered_min": 54, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:51 on Sat 19 Apr to 20:54 on Sun 20 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-19T15:50:38Z → 1997-04-20T17:53:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:58–21:18 on the 19th, 20:00–21:19 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 79 of 79 minutes on the 19th and 54 of 79 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1529 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 19 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-19", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Saturday 19 April. Trayodaśī runs from 18:51 on Sat 19 Apr to 20:54 on Sun 20 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 54 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-04-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19744, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-04-19T18:50:38+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-19T15:50:38Z", "ms": 861465038304.4148 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-20T20:53:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-20T17:53:35Z", "ms": 861558815319.6194 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-19T18:50:38+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-19T15:50:38Z", "ms": 861465038304.4148 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-20T20:53:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-20T17:53:35Z", "ms": 861558815319.6194 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-19T12:33:34+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-19T09:33:34Z", "ms": 861442414187.1001 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-19T13:21:34+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-19T10:21:34Z", "ms": 861445294187.1001 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-20T12:33:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-20T09:33:21Z", "ms": 861528801343.4031 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-20T13:21:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-20T10:21:21Z", "ms": 861531681343.4031 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:51 on Sat 19 Apr to 20:54 on Sun 20 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-19T15:50:38Z → 1997-04-20T17:53:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:34–13:22 on the 19th, 12:33–13:21 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19744 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1997 falls on Sunday 20 April. Trayodaśī runs from 18:51 on Sat 19 Apr to 20:54 on Sun 20 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27134, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-04-20T20:53:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-20T17:53:35Z", "ms": 861558815319.6194 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-21T22:28:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-21T19:28:56Z", "ms": 861650935567.4332 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-20T20:53:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-20T17:53:35Z", "ms": 861558815319.6194 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-21T22:28:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-21T19:28:56Z", "ms": 861650935567.4332 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-20T12:33:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-20T09:33:21Z", "ms": 861528801343.4031 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-20T13:21:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-20T10:21:21Z", "ms": 861531681343.4031 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-21T12:33:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-21T09:33:09Z", "ms": 861615188909.0957 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-21T13:21:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-21T10:21:09Z", "ms": 861618068909.0957 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:54 on Sun 20 Apr to 22:29 on Mon 21 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-20T17:53:35Z → 1997-04-21T19:28:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:33–13:21 on the 20th, 12:33–13:21 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27134 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1997 falls on Monday 21 April. Caturdaśī runs from 20:54 on Sun 20 Apr to 22:29 on Mon 21 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32867, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-04-21T22:28:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-21T19:28:56Z", "ms": 861650935567.4332 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-22T23:33:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-22T20:33:30Z", "ms": 861741209516.6758 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-21T22:28:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-21T19:28:56Z", "ms": 861650935567.4332 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-22T23:33:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-22T20:33:30Z", "ms": 861741209516.6758 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-21T12:33:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-21T09:33:09Z", "ms": 861615188909.0957 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-21T13:21:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-21T10:21:09Z", "ms": 861618068909.0957 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-22T12:32:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-22T09:32:57Z", "ms": 861701576899.7578 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-22T13:20:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-22T10:20:57Z", "ms": 861704456899.7578 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:29 on Mon 21 Apr to 23:33 on Tue 22 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-21T19:28:56Z → 1997-04-22T20:33:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:33–13:21 on the 21st, 12:33–13:21 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32867 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1997 falls on Tuesday 22 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:29 on Mon 21 Apr to 23:33 on Tue 22 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-04-25", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-04-25", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3107, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-04-25T23:46:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-25T20:46:52Z", "ms": 862001212305.855 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-26T22:58:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-26T19:58:57Z", "ms": 862084736862.5703 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-04-25T23:46:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-25T20:46:52Z", "ms": 862001212305.855 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-26T22:58:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-26T19:58:57Z", "ms": 862084736862.5703 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-25T22:55:05+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-25T19:55:05Z", "ms": 861998105494.5016 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-25T22:55:05+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-25T19:55:05Z", "ms": 861998105494.5016 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-04-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-04-26T23:54:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-26T20:54:54Z", "ms": 862088094265.2843 }, "end": { "local": "1997-04-26T23:54:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-04-26T20:54:54Z", "ms": 862088094265.2843 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:47 on Fri 25 Apr to 22:59 on Sat 26 Apr.", "fact": "1997-04-25T20:46:52Z → 1997-04-26T19:58:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:55 on the 25th and 23:55 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 3107 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 25 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-25", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-04-25", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1997 falls on Friday 25 April. Caturthī runs from 23:47 on Fri 25 Apr to 22:59 on Sat 26 Apr, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-04-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-05-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14146, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-02T11:57:19+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-02T08:57:19Z", "ms": 862563438677.1553 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-03T09:25:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-03T06:25:47Z", "ms": 862640747010.9034 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-02T11:57:19+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-02T08:57:19Z", "ms": 862563438677.1553 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-03T09:25:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-03T06:25:47Z", "ms": 862640747010.9034 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-02T05:31:48+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-02T02:31:48Z", "ms": 862540307713.1973 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-02T05:31:48+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-02T02:31:48Z", "ms": 862540307713.1973 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-03T05:30:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-03T02:30:01Z", "ms": 862626601472.0337 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-03T05:30:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-03T02:30:01Z", "ms": 862626601472.0337 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:57 on Fri 2 May to 09:26 on Sat 3 May.", "fact": "1997-05-02T08:57:19Z → 1997-05-03T06:25:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:32 on the 2nd and 05:30 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14146 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 3 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Saturday 3 May. Ekādaśī runs from 11:57 on Fri 2 May to 09:26 on Sat 3 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-05-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-05-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24236, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-04T06:51:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-04T03:51:07Z", "ms": 862717866576.2786 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-05T04:18:37+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-05T01:18:37Z", "ms": 862795116957.0809 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-04T06:51:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-04T03:51:07Z", "ms": 862717866576.2786 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-05T04:18:37+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-05T01:18:37Z", "ms": 862795116957.0809 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-03T20:20:32+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-03T17:20:32Z", "ms": 862680032139.615 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-03T21:33:34+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-03T18:33:34Z", "ms": 862684414077.3007 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 73, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-04T20:22:05+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-04T17:22:05Z", "ms": 862766525096.1841 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-04T21:34:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-04T18:34:41Z", "ms": 862770880863.9829 } }, "covered_min": 73, "window_min": 73, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:51 on Sun 4 May to 04:19 on Mon 5 May.", "fact": "1997-05-04T03:51:07Z → 1997-05-05T01:18:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:21–21:34 on the 3rd, 20:22–21:35 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 73 minutes on the 3rd and 73 of 73 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24236 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 4 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Sunday 4 May. Trayodaśī runs from 06:51 on Sun 4 May to 04:19 on Mon 5 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-05-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-05-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2186, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-05T04:18:37+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-05T01:18:37Z", "ms": 862795116957.0809 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-06T01:54:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-05T22:54:41Z", "ms": 862872880794.1284 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-05T04:18:37+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-05T01:18:37Z", "ms": 862795116957.0809 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-06T01:54:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-05T22:54:41Z", "ms": 862872880794.1284 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-05T00:30:19+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-04T21:30:19Z", "ms": 862781419225.4297 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-05T01:18:19+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-04T22:18:19Z", "ms": 862784299225.4297 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-06T00:30:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-05T21:30:15Z", "ms": 862867814617.1831 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-06T01:18:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-05T22:18:15Z", "ms": 862870694617.1831 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:19 on Mon 5 May to 01:55 on Tue 6 May.", "fact": "1997-05-05T01:18:37Z → 1997-05-05T22:54:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:30–01:18 on the 4th, 00:30–01:18 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2186 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1997 falls on Monday 5 May. Caturdaśī runs from 04:19 on Mon 5 May to 01:55 on Tue 6 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-05-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1062, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1997-05-08T20:48:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-08T17:48:06Z", "ms": 863113686243.846 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-09T20:12:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-09T17:12:01Z", "ms": 863197920895.7177 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-08T20:48:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-08T17:48:06Z", "ms": 863113686243.846 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-09T20:12:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-09T17:12:01Z", "ms": 863197920895.7177 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-08T20:28:13+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-08T17:28:13Z", "ms": 863112492714.3875 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-08T21:39:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-08T18:39:06Z", "ms": 863116746448.4719 } }, "covered_min": 51, "window_min": 71, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-09T20:29:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-09T17:29:43Z", "ms": 863198983343.5127 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-09T21:40:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-09T18:40:12Z", "ms": 863203212288.2744 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 70, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 20:48 on Thu 8 May to 20:12 on Fri 9 May.", "fact": "1997-05-08T17:48:06Z → 1997-05-09T17:12:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:28–21:39 on the 8th, 20:30–21:40 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 51 of 71 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 70 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1062 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1997 falls on Thursday 8 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 20:48 on Thu 8 May to 20:12 on Fri 9 May and covers 51 of 71 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30709, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1997-05-08T20:48:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-08T17:48:06Z", "ms": 863113686243.846 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-09T20:12:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-09T17:12:01Z", "ms": 863197920895.7177 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-08T20:48:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-08T17:48:06Z", "ms": 863113686243.846 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-09T20:12:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-09T17:12:01Z", "ms": 863197920895.7177 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-09T05:19:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-09T02:19:56Z", "ms": 863144395720.0211 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-09T10:23:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-09T07:23:12Z", "ms": 863162591594.5183 } }, "covered_min": 303, "window_min": 303, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-10T05:18:20+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-10T02:18:20Z", "ms": 863230700429.2258 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-10T10:22:38+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-10T07:22:38Z", "ms": 863248958075.3256 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 304, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 20:48 on Thu 8 May to 20:12 on Fri 9 May.", "fact": "1997-05-08T17:48:06Z → 1997-05-09T17:12:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:20–10:23 on the 9th, 05:18–10:23 on the 10th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 303 of 303 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 304 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30709 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 9 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1997 falls on Friday 9 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 20:48 on Thu 8 May to 20:12 on Fri 9 May and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-05-10", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24791, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-09T20:12:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-09T17:12:01Z", "ms": 863197920895.7177 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-10T20:18:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-10T17:18:11Z", "ms": 863284691468.7373 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-09T20:12:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-09T17:12:01Z", "ms": 863197920895.7177 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-10T20:18:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-10T17:18:11Z", "ms": 863284691468.7373 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-09T12:30:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-09T09:30:50Z", "ms": 863170249531.7668 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-09T13:18:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-09T10:18:50Z", "ms": 863173129531.7668 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-10T12:30:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-10T09:30:47Z", "ms": 863256646898.3754 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-10T13:18:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-10T10:18:47Z", "ms": 863259526898.3754 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:12 on Fri 9 May to 20:18 on Sat 10 May.", "fact": "1997-05-09T17:12:01Z → 1997-05-10T17:18:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 9th, 12:31–13:19 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24791 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 10 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1997 falls on Saturday 10 May. Caturthī runs from 20:12 on Fri 9 May to 20:18 on Sat 10 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-05-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25165, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-10T20:18:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-10T17:18:11Z", "ms": 863284691468.7373 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-11T21:08:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-11T18:08:08Z", "ms": 863374088405.5295 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-10T20:18:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-10T17:18:11Z", "ms": 863284691468.7373 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-11T21:08:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-11T18:08:08Z", "ms": 863374088405.5295 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-10T12:30:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-10T09:30:47Z", "ms": 863256646898.3754 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-10T13:18:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-10T10:18:47Z", "ms": 863259526898.3754 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-11T12:30:45+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-11T09:30:45Z", "ms": 863343044804.9397 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-11T13:18:45+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-11T10:18:45Z", "ms": 863345924804.9397 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 20:18 on Sat 10 May to 21:08 on Sun 11 May.", "fact": "1997-05-10T17:18:11Z → 1997-05-11T18:08:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 10th, 12:31–13:19 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25165 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 11 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1997 falls on Sunday 11 May. Pañcamī runs from 20:18 on Sat 10 May to 21:08 on Sun 11 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33626, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-12T22:39:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-12T19:39:09Z", "ms": 863465949273.3722 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-14T00:43:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-13T21:43:44Z", "ms": 863559823739.6836 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-12T22:39:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-12T19:39:09Z", "ms": 863465949273.3722 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-14T00:43:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-13T21:43:44Z", "ms": 863559823739.6836 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-12T12:30:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-12T09:30:43Z", "ms": 863429443249.1179 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-12T13:18:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-12T10:18:43Z", "ms": 863432323249.1179 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-13T12:30:42+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-13T09:30:42Z", "ms": 863515842228.5779 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-13T13:18:42+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-13T10:18:42Z", "ms": 863518722228.5779 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 22:39 on Mon 12 May to 00:44 on Wed 14 May.", "fact": "1997-05-12T19:39:09Z → 1997-05-13T21:43:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 12th, 12:31–13:19 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33626 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 13 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1997 falls on Tuesday 13 May. Saptamī runs from 22:39 on Mon 12 May to 00:44 on Wed 14 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-05-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10711, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-17T08:06:36+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-17T05:06:36Z", "ms": 863845595977.0719 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-18T10:07:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-18T07:07:50Z", "ms": 863939269607.5804 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-17T08:06:36+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-17T05:06:36Z", "ms": 863845595977.0719 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-18T10:07:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-18T07:07:50Z", "ms": 863939269607.5804 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-17T05:08:05+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-17T02:08:05Z", "ms": 863834884536.7299 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-17T05:08:05+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-17T02:08:05Z", "ms": 863834884536.7299 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-18T05:06:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-18T02:06:44Z", "ms": 863921204421.2272 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-18T05:06:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-18T02:06:44Z", "ms": 863921204421.2272 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:07 on Sat 17 May to 10:08 on Sun 18 May.", "fact": "1997-05-17T05:06:36Z → 1997-05-18T07:07:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:08 on the 17th and 05:07 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 17th and is on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10711 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 18 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Sunday 18 May. Ekādaśī runs from 08:07 on Sat 17 May to 10:08 on Sun 18 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-05-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3261, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-18T10:07:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-18T07:07:50Z", "ms": 863939269607.5804 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-19T11:36:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-19T08:36:26Z", "ms": 864030986037.1625 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-18T10:07:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-18T07:07:50Z", "ms": 863939269607.5804 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-19T11:36:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-19T08:36:26Z", "ms": 864030986037.1625 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-18T12:30:45+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-18T09:30:45Z", "ms": 863947845063.1013 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-18T13:18:45+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-18T10:18:45Z", "ms": 863950725063.1013 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-19T12:30:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-19T09:30:47Z", "ms": 864034247195.9497 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-19T13:18:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-19T10:18:47Z", "ms": 864037127195.9497 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 10:08 on Sun 18 May to 11:36 on Mon 19 May.", "fact": "1997-05-18T07:07:50Z → 1997-05-19T08:36:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 18th, 12:31–13:19 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3261 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 18 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1997 falls on Sunday 18 May. Dvādaśī runs from 10:08 on Sun 18 May to 11:36 on Mon 19 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3261, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-18T10:07:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-18T07:07:50Z", "ms": 863939269607.5804 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-19T11:36:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-19T08:36:26Z", "ms": 864030986037.1625 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-18T10:07:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-18T07:07:50Z", "ms": 863939269607.5804 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-19T11:36:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-19T08:36:26Z", "ms": 864030986037.1625 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-18T12:30:45+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-18T09:30:45Z", "ms": 863947845063.1013 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-18T13:18:45+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-18T10:18:45Z", "ms": 863950725063.1013 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-19T12:30:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-19T09:30:47Z", "ms": 864034247195.9497 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-19T13:18:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-19T10:18:47Z", "ms": 864037127195.9497 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 10:08 on Sun 18 May to 11:36 on Mon 19 May.", "fact": "1997-05-18T07:07:50Z → 1997-05-19T08:36:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 18th, 12:31–13:19 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3261 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 18 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1997 falls on Sunday 18 May. Dvādaśī runs from 10:08 on Sun 18 May to 11:36 on Mon 19 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-05-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29908, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-19T11:36:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-19T08:36:26Z", "ms": 864030986037.1625 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-20T12:27:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-20T09:27:01Z", "ms": 864120421012.298 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-19T11:36:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-19T08:36:26Z", "ms": 864030986037.1625 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-20T12:27:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-20T09:27:01Z", "ms": 864120421012.298 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-19T20:44:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-19T17:44:08Z", "ms": 864063847975.9664 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-19T21:50:48+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-19T18:50:48Z", "ms": 864067848321.6716 } }, "covered_min": 67, "window_min": 67, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-20T20:45:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-20T17:45:29Z", "ms": 864150329116.442 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-20T21:51:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-20T18:51:49Z", "ms": 864154308824.5898 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 66, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:36 on Mon 19 May to 12:27 on Tue 20 May.", "fact": "1997-05-19T08:36:26Z → 1997-05-20T09:27:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:44–21:51 on the 19th, 20:45–21:52 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 67 of 67 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 66 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29908 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Monday 19 May. Trayodaśī runs from 11:36 on Mon 19 May to 12:27 on Tue 20 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-05-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29298, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-20T12:27:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-20T09:27:01Z", "ms": 864120421012.298 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-21T12:38:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-21T09:38:31Z", "ms": 864207511496.358 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-20T12:27:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-20T09:27:01Z", "ms": 864120421012.298 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-21T12:38:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-21T09:38:31Z", "ms": 864207511496.358 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-20T20:45:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-20T17:45:29Z", "ms": 864150329116.442 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-20T21:51:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-20T18:51:49Z", "ms": 864154308824.5898 } }, "covered_min": 66, "window_min": 66, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-21T20:46:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-21T17:46:49Z", "ms": 864236809070.7137 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-21T21:52:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-21T18:52:49Z", "ms": 864240768599.9596 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 66, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:27 on Tue 20 May to 12:39 on Wed 21 May.", "fact": "1997-05-20T09:27:01Z → 1997-05-21T09:38:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:45–21:52 on the 20th, 20:47–21:53 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 66 of 66 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 66 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29298 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1997 falls on Tuesday 20 May. Caturdaśī runs from 12:27 on Tue 20 May to 12:39 on Wed 21 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 458, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-05-21T12:38:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-21T09:38:31Z", "ms": 864207511496.358 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-22T12:13:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-22T09:13:24Z", "ms": 864292403595.4349 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-21T12:38:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-21T09:38:31Z", "ms": 864207511496.358 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-22T12:13:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-22T09:13:24Z", "ms": 864292403595.4349 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-21T12:30:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-21T09:30:53Z", "ms": 864207052999.1322 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-21T13:18:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-21T10:18:53Z", "ms": 864209932999.1322 } }, "covered_min": 40, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-22T12:30:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-22T09:30:57Z", "ms": 864293456661.351 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-22T13:18:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-22T10:18:57Z", "ms": 864296336661.351 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:39 on Wed 21 May to 12:13 on Thu 22 May.", "fact": "1997-05-21T09:38:31Z → 1997-05-22T09:13:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 21st, 12:31–13:19 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 40 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 458 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-21", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1997 falls on Wednesday 21 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:39 on Wed 21 May to 12:13 on Thu 22 May and covers 40 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 458, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-05-21T12:38:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-21T09:38:31Z", "ms": 864207511496.358 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-22T12:13:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-22T09:13:24Z", "ms": 864292403595.4349 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-21T12:38:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-21T09:38:31Z", "ms": 864207511496.358 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-22T12:13:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-22T09:13:24Z", "ms": 864292403595.4349 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-21T12:30:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-21T09:30:53Z", "ms": 864207052999.1322 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-21T13:18:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-21T10:18:53Z", "ms": 864209932999.1322 } }, "covered_min": 40, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-22T12:30:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-22T09:30:57Z", "ms": 864293456661.351 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-22T13:18:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-22T10:18:57Z", "ms": 864296336661.351 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:39 on Wed 21 May to 12:13 on Thu 22 May.", "fact": "1997-05-21T09:38:31Z → 1997-05-22T09:13:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 21st, 12:31–13:19 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 40 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 458 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1997 falls on Wednesday 21 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:39 on Wed 21 May to 12:13 on Thu 22 May and covers 40 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-05-25", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-05-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23960, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-25T08:11:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-25T05:11:31Z", "ms": 864537091196.434 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-26T06:16:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-26T03:16:01Z", "ms": 864616561487.7266 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-25T08:11:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-25T05:11:31Z", "ms": 864537091196.434 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-26T06:16:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-26T03:16:01Z", "ms": 864616561487.7266 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-24T22:45:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-24T19:45:27Z", "ms": 864503126594.6459 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-24T22:45:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-24T19:45:27Z", "ms": 864503126594.6459 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-25T23:36:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-25T20:36:41Z", "ms": 864592601247.4294 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-25T23:36:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-25T20:36:41Z", "ms": 864592601247.4294 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:12 on Sun 25 May to 06:16 on Mon 26 May.", "fact": "1997-05-25T05:11:31Z → 1997-05-26T03:16:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:45 on the 24th and 23:37 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23960 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 25 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-05-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1997 falls on Sunday 25 May. Caturthī runs from 08:12 on Sun 25 May to 06:16 on Mon 26 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-05-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-06-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39012, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-05-31T17:39:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-31T14:39:01Z", "ms": 865089541076.5669 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-01T15:42:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-01T12:42:18Z", "ms": 865168937535.8234 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-05-31T17:39:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-31T14:39:01Z", "ms": 865089541076.5669 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-01T15:42:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-01T12:42:18Z", "ms": 865168937535.8234 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-05-31T04:52:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-31T01:52:52Z", "ms": 865043572133.696 }, "end": { "local": "1997-05-31T04:52:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-05-31T01:52:52Z", "ms": 865043572133.696 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-01T04:52:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-01T01:52:06Z", "ms": 865129925774.0513 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-01T04:52:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-01T01:52:06Z", "ms": 865129925774.0513 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:39 on Sat 31 May to 15:42 on Sun 1 Jun.", "fact": "1997-05-31T14:39:01Z → 1997-06-01T12:42:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:53 on the 31st and 04:52 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39012 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 1 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Aparā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Sunday 1 June. Ekādaśī runs from 17:39 on Sat 31 May to 15:42 on Sun 1 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-06-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-06-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25616, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-06-02T13:53:59+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-02T10:53:59Z", "ms": 865248838606.4716 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-03T12:17:59+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-03T09:17:59Z", "ms": 865329479198.4283 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-06-02T13:53:59+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-02T10:53:59Z", "ms": 865248838606.4716 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-03T12:17:59+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-03T09:17:59Z", "ms": 865329479198.4283 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-02T21:00:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-02T18:00:55Z", "ms": 865274454504.2065 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-02T22:03:33+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-02T19:03:33Z", "ms": 865278212733.9473 } }, "covered_min": 63, "window_min": 63, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-03T21:01:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-03T18:01:54Z", "ms": 865360913527.4902 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-03T22:04:19+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-03T19:04:19Z", "ms": 865364658803.0414 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 62, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:54 on Mon 2 Jun to 12:18 on Tue 3 Jun.", "fact": "1997-06-02T10:53:59Z → 1997-06-03T09:17:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:01–22:04 on the 2nd, 21:02–22:04 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 63 of 63 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 62 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25616 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 2 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Monday 2 June. Trayodaśī runs from 13:54 on Mon 2 Jun to 12:18 on Tue 3 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-06-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-06-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34759, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-06-03T12:17:59+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-03T09:17:59Z", "ms": 865329479198.4283 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-04T10:59:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-04T07:59:17Z", "ms": 865411156986.5911 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-06-03T12:17:59+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-03T09:17:59Z", "ms": 865329479198.4283 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-04T10:59:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-04T07:59:17Z", "ms": 865411156986.5911 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-03T00:31:48+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-02T21:31:48Z", "ms": 865287107865.7344 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-03T01:19:48+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-02T22:19:48Z", "ms": 865289987865.7344 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-04T00:31:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-03T21:31:58Z", "ms": 865373518310.8071 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-04T01:19:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-03T22:19:58Z", "ms": 865376398310.8071 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:18 on Tue 3 Jun to 10:59 on Wed 4 Jun.", "fact": "1997-06-03T09:17:59Z → 1997-06-04T07:59:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:32–01:20 on the 2nd, 00:32–01:20 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34759 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1997 falls on Tuesday 3 June. Caturdaśī runs from 12:18 on Tue 3 Jun to 10:59 on Wed 4 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-06-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7525, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1997-06-07T09:43:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-07T06:43:35Z", "ms": 865665815057.3463 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-08T10:27:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-08T07:27:43Z", "ms": 865754862736.8701 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-06-07T09:43:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-07T06:43:35Z", "ms": 865665815057.3463 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-08T10:27:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-08T07:27:43Z", "ms": 865754862736.8701 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-07T12:32:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-07T09:32:57Z", "ms": 865675976882.2198 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-07T13:20:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-07T10:20:57Z", "ms": 865678856882.2198 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-08T12:33:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-08T09:33:07Z", "ms": 865762387459.5032 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-08T13:21:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-08T10:21:07Z", "ms": 865765267459.5032 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 09:44 on Sat 7 Jun to 10:28 on Sun 8 Jun.", "fact": "1997-06-07T06:43:35Z → 1997-06-08T07:27:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:33–13:21 on the 7th, 12:33–13:21 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 7525 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 7 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1997 falls on Saturday 7 June. Tṛtīyā runs from 09:44 on Sat 7 Jun to 10:28 on Sun 8 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-06-08", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2644, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-06-08T10:27:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-08T07:27:43Z", "ms": 865754862736.8701 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-09T11:49:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-09T08:49:14Z", "ms": 865846154012.704 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-06-08T10:27:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-08T07:27:43Z", "ms": 865754862736.8701 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-09T11:49:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-09T08:49:14Z", "ms": 865846154012.704 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-08T12:33:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-08T09:33:07Z", "ms": 865762387459.5032 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-08T13:21:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-08T10:21:07Z", "ms": 865765267459.5032 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-09T12:33:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-09T09:33:18Z", "ms": 865848798271.471 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-09T13:21:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-09T10:21:18Z", "ms": 865851678271.471 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:28 on Sun 8 Jun to 11:49 on Mon 9 Jun.", "fact": "1997-06-08T07:27:43Z → 1997-06-09T08:49:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:33–13:21 on the 8th, 12:33–13:21 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2644 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 8 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1997 falls on Sunday 8 June. Caturthī runs from 10:28 on Sun 8 Jun to 11:49 on Mon 9 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-06-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1365, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1997-06-10T13:44:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-10T10:44:14Z", "ms": 865939454060.3368 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-11T16:04:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-11T13:04:06Z", "ms": 866034245937.7888 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-06-10T13:44:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-10T10:44:14Z", "ms": 865939454060.3368 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-11T16:04:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-11T13:04:06Z", "ms": 866034245937.7888 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-10T12:33:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-10T09:33:29Z", "ms": 865935209295.6708 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-10T13:21:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-10T10:21:29Z", "ms": 865938089295.6708 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-11T12:33:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-11T09:33:41Z", "ms": 866021620509.9326 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-11T13:21:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-11T10:21:41Z", "ms": 866024500509.9326 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:44 on Tue 10 Jun to 16:04 on Wed 11 Jun.", "fact": "1997-06-10T10:44:14Z → 1997-06-11T13:04:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:33–13:21 on the 10th, 12:34–13:22 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1365 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1997 falls on Wednesday 11 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:44 on Tue 10 Jun to 16:04 on Wed 11 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1365, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1997-06-10T13:44:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-10T10:44:14Z", "ms": 865939454060.3368 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-11T16:04:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-11T13:04:06Z", "ms": 866034245937.7888 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-06-10T13:44:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-10T10:44:14Z", "ms": 865939454060.3368 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-11T16:04:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-11T13:04:06Z", "ms": 866034245937.7888 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-10T12:33:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-10T09:33:29Z", "ms": 865935209295.6708 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-10T13:21:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-10T10:21:29Z", "ms": 865938089295.6708 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-11T12:33:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-11T09:33:41Z", "ms": 866021620509.9326 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-11T13:21:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-11T10:21:41Z", "ms": 866024500509.9326 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:44 on Tue 10 Jun to 16:04 on Wed 11 Jun.", "fact": "1997-06-10T10:44:14Z → 1997-06-11T13:04:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:33–13:21 on the 10th, 12:34–13:22 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1365 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1997 falls on Wednesday 11 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:44 on Tue 10 Jun to 16:04 on Wed 11 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-06-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10966, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-06-16T00:49:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-15T21:49:01Z", "ms": 866411340768.7058 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-17T01:43:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-16T22:43:21Z", "ms": 866501000902.4242 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-06-16T00:49:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-15T21:49:01Z", "ms": 866411340768.7058 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-17T01:43:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-16T22:43:21Z", "ms": 866501000902.4242 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-16T04:46:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-16T01:46:08Z", "ms": 866425567912.2251 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-16T04:46:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-16T01:46:08Z", "ms": 866425567912.2251 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-17T04:46:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-17T01:46:07Z", "ms": 866511967139.62 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-17T04:46:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-17T01:46:07Z", "ms": 866511967139.62 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:49 on Mon 16 Jun to 01:43 on Tue 17 Jun.", "fact": "1997-06-15T21:49:01Z → 1997-06-16T22:43:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:46 on the 16th and 04:46 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10966 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 16 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Monday 16 June. Ekādaśī runs from 00:49 on Mon 16 Jun to 01:43 on Tue 17 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-06-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38582, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-06-17T01:43:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-16T22:43:21Z", "ms": 866501000902.4242 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-18T01:52:00+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-17T22:52:00Z", "ms": 866587920254.0829 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-06-17T01:43:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-16T22:43:21Z", "ms": 866501000902.4242 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-18T01:52:00+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-17T22:52:00Z", "ms": 866587920254.0829 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-17T12:34:51+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-17T09:34:51Z", "ms": 866540090579.1332 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-17T13:22:51+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-17T10:22:51Z", "ms": 866542970579.1332 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-18T12:35:03+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-18T09:35:03Z", "ms": 866626502527.1897 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-18T13:23:03+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-18T10:23:03Z", "ms": 866629382527.1897 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:43 on Tue 17 Jun to 01:52 on Wed 18 Jun.", "fact": "1997-06-16T22:43:21Z → 1997-06-17T22:52:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:35–13:23 on the 17th, 12:35–13:23 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 38582 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 17 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1997 falls on Tuesday 17 June. Dvādaśī runs from 01:43 on Tue 17 Jun to 01:52 on Wed 18 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-06-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10995, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-06-18T01:52:00+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-17T22:52:00Z", "ms": 866587920254.0829 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-19T01:15:45+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-18T22:15:45Z", "ms": 866672144869.5704 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-06-18T01:52:00+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-17T22:52:00Z", "ms": 866587920254.0829 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-19T01:15:45+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-18T22:15:45Z", "ms": 866672144869.5704 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-17T21:11:34+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-17T18:11:34Z", "ms": 866571094018.6464 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-17T22:12:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-17T19:12:11Z", "ms": 866574730717.9856 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 61, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-18T21:11:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-18T18:11:56Z", "ms": 866657515790.689 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-18T22:12:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-18T19:12:30Z", "ms": 866661150255.1771 } }, "covered_min": 61, "window_min": 61, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:52 on Wed 18 Jun to 01:16 on Thu 19 Jun.", "fact": "1997-06-17T22:52:00Z → 1997-06-18T22:15:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:12–22:12 on the 17th, 21:12–22:13 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 61 minutes on the 17th and 61 of 61 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10995 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Wednesday 18 June. Trayodaśī runs from 01:52 on Wed 18 Jun to 01:16 on Thu 19 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-06-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-20", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 254, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-06-19T23:59:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-19T20:59:02Z", "ms": 866753942462.0612 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-20T22:08:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-20T19:08:49Z", "ms": 866833728776.0581 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-06-19T23:59:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-19T20:59:02Z", "ms": 866753942462.0612 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-20T22:08:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-20T19:08:49Z", "ms": 866833728776.0581 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-19T21:12:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-19T18:12:15Z", "ms": 866743934725.24 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-19T22:12:48+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-19T19:12:48Z", "ms": 866747567716.3973 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 61, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-20T21:12:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-20T18:12:31Z", "ms": 866830350798.1558 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-20T22:13:03+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-20T19:13:03Z", "ms": 866833983078.7004 } }, "covered_min": 56, "window_min": 61, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 23:59 on Thu 19 Jun to 22:09 on Fri 20 Jun.", "fact": "1997-06-19T20:59:02Z → 1997-06-20T19:08:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:12–22:13 on the 19th, 21:13–22:13 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 61 minutes on the 19th and 56 of 61 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 254 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-20", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1997 falls on Friday 20 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 23:59 on Thu 19 Jun to 22:09 on Fri 20 Jun and covers 56 of 61 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It is 4 min 14 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-06-23", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29989, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-06-23T14:40:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-23T11:40:40Z", "ms": 867066039922.9744 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-24T11:59:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-24T08:59:12Z", "ms": 867142751769.3138 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-06-23T14:40:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-23T11:40:40Z", "ms": 867066039922.9744 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-24T11:59:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-24T08:59:12Z", "ms": 867142751769.3138 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-23T23:00:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-23T20:00:29Z", "ms": 867096029155.2853 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-23T23:00:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-23T20:00:29Z", "ms": 867096029155.2853 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-06-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-24T23:36:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-24T20:36:23Z", "ms": 867184583112.8915 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-24T23:36:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-24T20:36:23Z", "ms": 867184583112.8915 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:41 on Mon 23 Jun to 11:59 on Tue 24 Jun.", "fact": "1997-06-23T11:40:40Z → 1997-06-24T08:59:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:00 on the 23rd and 23:36 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29989 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 23 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1997 falls on Monday 23 June. Caturthī runs from 14:41 on Mon 23 Jun to 11:59 on Tue 24 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-06-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-06-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18742, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-06-29T23:37:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-29T20:37:52Z", "ms": 867616672111.4044 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-30T22:30:37+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-30T19:30:37Z", "ms": 867699036528.9017 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-06-29T23:37:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-29T20:37:52Z", "ms": 867616672111.4044 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-30T22:30:37+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-30T19:30:37Z", "ms": 867699036528.9017 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-06-30T04:50:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-30T01:50:14Z", "ms": 867635414325.4211 }, "end": { "local": "1997-06-30T04:50:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-06-30T01:50:14Z", "ms": 867635414325.4211 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-01T04:50:51+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-01T01:50:51Z", "ms": 867721851147.5337 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-01T04:50:51+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-01T01:50:51Z", "ms": 867721851147.5337 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:38 on Sun 29 Jun to 22:31 on Mon 30 Jun.", "fact": "1997-06-29T20:37:52Z → 1997-06-30T19:30:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:50 on the 30th and 04:51 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18742 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Monday 30 June. Ekādaśī runs from 23:38 on Sun 29 Jun to 22:31 on Mon 30 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-06-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-07-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 262, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-07-01T21:42:39+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-01T18:42:39Z", "ms": 867782559418.6501 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-02T21:16:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-02T18:16:17Z", "ms": 867867376633.727 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-01T21:42:39+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-01T18:42:39Z", "ms": 867782559418.6501 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-02T21:16:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-02T18:16:17Z", "ms": 867867376633.727 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-01T21:12:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-01T18:12:14Z", "ms": 867780733746.7235 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-01T22:13:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-01T19:13:28Z", "ms": 867784408105.8516 } }, "covered_min": 31, "window_min": 61, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-02T21:11:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-02T18:11:55Z", "ms": 867867114622.3358 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-02T22:13:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-02T19:13:17Z", "ms": 867870797225.5015 } }, "covered_min": 4, "window_min": 61, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:43 on Tue 1 Jul to 21:16 on Wed 2 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-01T18:42:39Z → 1997-07-02T18:16:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:12–22:13 on the 1st, 21:12–22:13 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 31 of 61 minutes on the 1st and 4 of 61 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 262 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 1 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Tuesday 1 July. Trayodaśī runs from 21:43 on Tue 1 Jul to 21:16 on Wed 2 Jul and covers 31 of 61 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 4 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 4 min 22 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-07-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-07-02", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12108, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-07-02T21:16:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-02T18:16:17Z", "ms": 867867376633.727 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-03T21:14:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-03T18:14:18Z", "ms": 867953658120.7712 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-02T21:16:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-02T18:16:17Z", "ms": 867867376633.727 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-03T21:14:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-03T18:14:18Z", "ms": 867953658120.7712 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-03T00:38:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-02T21:38:04Z", "ms": 867879484384.2069 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-03T01:26:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-02T22:26:04Z", "ms": 867882364384.2069 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-04T00:38:16+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-03T21:38:16Z", "ms": 867965895886.7443 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-04T01:26:16+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-03T22:26:16Z", "ms": 867968775886.7443 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:16 on Wed 2 Jul to 21:14 on Thu 3 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-02T18:16:17Z → 1997-07-03T18:14:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:38–01:26 on the 2nd, 00:38–01:26 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12108 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1997 falls on Wednesday 2 July. Caturdaśī runs from 21:16 on Wed 2 Jul to 21:14 on Thu 3 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-07-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32930, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1997-07-05T22:35:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-05T19:35:04Z", "ms": 868131303617.2887 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-07T00:01:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-06T21:01:06Z", "ms": 868222866176.5715 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-05T22:35:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-05T19:35:04Z", "ms": 868131303617.2887 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-07T00:01:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-06T21:01:06Z", "ms": 868222866176.5715 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-05T12:38:13+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-05T09:38:13Z", "ms": 868095493137.2902 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-05T13:26:13+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-05T10:26:13Z", "ms": 868098373137.2902 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-06T12:38:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-06T09:38:23Z", "ms": 868181902545.1306 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-06T13:26:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-06T10:26:23Z", "ms": 868184782545.1306 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 22:35 on Sat 5 Jul to 00:01 on Mon 7 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-05T19:35:04Z → 1997-07-06T21:01:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:38–13:26 on the 5th, 12:38–13:26 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32930 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rathayātrā 1997 falls on Sunday 6 July. Dvitīyā runs from 22:35 on Sat 5 Jul to 00:01 on Mon 7 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-07-08", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30247, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-07-08T01:56:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-07T22:56:06Z", "ms": 868316165907.0115 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-09T04:14:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-09T01:14:41Z", "ms": 868410881466.5193 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-08T01:56:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-07T22:56:06Z", "ms": 868316165907.0115 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-09T04:14:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-09T01:14:41Z", "ms": 868410881466.5193 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-08T12:38:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-08T09:38:40Z", "ms": 868354720285.6808 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-08T13:26:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-08T10:26:40Z", "ms": 868357600285.6808 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-09T12:38:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-09T09:38:49Z", "ms": 868441128577.1903 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-09T13:26:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-09T10:26:49Z", "ms": 868444008577.1903 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:56 on Tue 8 Jul to 04:15 on Wed 9 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-07T22:56:06Z → 1997-07-09T01:14:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 8th, 12:39–13:27 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30247 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1997 falls on Tuesday 8 July. Caturthī runs from 01:56 on Tue 8 Jul to 04:15 on Wed 9 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-07-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21084, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1997-07-09T04:14:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-09T01:14:41Z", "ms": 868410881466.5193 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-10T06:47:33+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-10T03:47:33Z", "ms": 868506452770.942 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-09T04:14:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-09T01:14:41Z", "ms": 868410881466.5193 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-10T06:47:33+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-10T03:47:33Z", "ms": 868506452770.942 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-09T12:38:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-09T09:38:49Z", "ms": 868441128577.1903 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-09T13:26:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-09T10:26:49Z", "ms": 868444008577.1903 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-10T12:38:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-10T09:38:56Z", "ms": 868527536457.1869 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-10T13:26:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-10T10:26:56Z", "ms": 868530416457.1869 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 04:15 on Wed 9 Jul to 06:48 on Thu 10 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-09T01:14:41Z → 1997-07-10T03:47:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 9th, 12:39–13:27 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21084 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 9 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Skanda Pañcamī 1997 falls on Wednesday 9 July. Pañcamī runs from 04:15 on Wed 9 Jul to 06:48 on Thu 10 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3385, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1997-07-11T09:21:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-11T06:21:50Z", "ms": 868602110190.7344 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-12T11:42:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-12T08:42:46Z", "ms": 868696965852.3319 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-11T09:21:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-11T06:21:50Z", "ms": 868602110190.7344 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-12T11:42:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-12T08:42:46Z", "ms": 868696965852.3319 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-11T12:39:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-11T09:39:04Z", "ms": 868613943907.7983 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-11T13:27:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-11T10:27:04Z", "ms": 868616823907.7983 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-12T12:39:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-12T09:39:11Z", "ms": 868700350912.2759 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-12T13:27:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-12T10:27:11Z", "ms": 868703230912.2759 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 09:22 on Fri 11 Jul to 11:43 on Sat 12 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-11T06:21:50Z → 1997-07-12T08:42:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 11th, 12:39–13:27 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3385 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 11 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vivasvat Saptamī 1997 falls on Friday 11 July. Saptamī runs from 09:22 on Fri 11 Jul to 11:43 on Sat 12 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-07-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35203, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-07-15T15:15:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-15T12:15:15Z", "ms": 868968915046.483 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-16T14:51:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-16T11:51:23Z", "ms": 869053883229.0754 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-15T15:15:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-15T12:15:15Z", "ms": 868968915046.483 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-16T14:51:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-16T11:51:23Z", "ms": 869053883229.0754 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-15T05:03:32+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-15T02:03:32Z", "ms": 868932212021.0078 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-15T05:03:32+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-15T02:03:32Z", "ms": 868932212021.0078 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-16T05:04:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-16T02:04:40Z", "ms": 869018680320.7838 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-16T05:04:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-16T02:04:40Z", "ms": 869018680320.7838 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:15 on Tue 15 Jul to 14:51 on Wed 16 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-15T12:15:15Z → 1997-07-16T11:51:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:04 on the 15th and 05:05 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35203 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 16 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Wednesday 16 July. Ekādaśī runs from 15:15 on Tue 15 Jul to 14:51 on Wed 16 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-07-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-07-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26520, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-07-17T13:39:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-17T10:39:27Z", "ms": 869135967109.2317 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-18T11:44:51+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-18T08:44:51Z", "ms": 869215491392.2252 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-17T13:39:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-17T10:39:27Z", "ms": 869135967109.2317 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-18T11:44:51+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-18T08:44:51Z", "ms": 869215491392.2252 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-17T21:01:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-17T18:01:27Z", "ms": 869162487349.1768 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-17T22:06:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-17T19:06:12Z", "ms": 869166371888.7649 } }, "covered_min": 65, "window_min": 65, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-18T21:00:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-18T18:00:24Z", "ms": 869248824178.371 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-18T22:05:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-18T19:05:27Z", "ms": 869252726827.6606 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 65, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:39 on Thu 17 Jul to 11:45 on Fri 18 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-17T10:39:27Z → 1997-07-18T08:44:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:01–22:06 on the 17th, 21:00–22:05 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 65 of 65 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 65 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26520 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 17 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Thursday 17 July. Trayodaśī runs from 13:39 on Thu 17 Jul to 11:45 on Fri 18 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-07-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-19", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3418, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-07-19T09:15:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T06:15:25Z", "ms": 869292924796.668 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-20T06:20:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T03:20:17Z", "ms": 869368816870.9412 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-19T09:15:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T06:15:25Z", "ms": 869292924796.668 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-20T06:20:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T03:20:17Z", "ms": 869368816870.9412 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-19T05:08:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T02:08:14Z", "ms": 869278094048.0438 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-19T08:18:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T05:18:27Z", "ms": 869289506951.4539 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 190, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-20T05:09:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T02:09:28Z", "ms": 869364568030.177 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-20T08:19:13+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T05:19:13Z", "ms": 869375952535.5939 } }, "covered_min": 71, "window_min": 190, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Sat 19 Jul to 06:20 on Sun 20 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-19T06:15:25Z → 1997-07-20T03:20:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:08–08:18 on the 19th, 05:09–08:19 on the 20th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 190 minutes on the 19th and 71 of 190 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither morning qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 3418 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-19", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vyāsa Pūjā 1997 falls on Saturday 19 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Sat 19 Jul to 06:20 on Sun 20 Jul, and reaches the first three muhūrtas after sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12262, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-07-19T09:15:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T06:15:25Z", "ms": 869292924796.668 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-20T06:20:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T03:20:17Z", "ms": 869368816870.9412 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-19T09:15:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T06:15:25Z", "ms": 869292924796.668 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-20T06:20:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T03:20:17Z", "ms": 869368816870.9412 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-19T12:39:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T09:39:46Z", "ms": 869305186306.5688 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-19T13:27:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T10:27:46Z", "ms": 869308066306.5688 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-20T12:39:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T09:39:49Z", "ms": 869391589293.7191 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-20T13:27:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T10:27:49Z", "ms": 869394469293.7191 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Sat 19 Jul to 06:20 on Sun 20 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-19T06:15:25Z → 1997-07-20T03:20:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 19th, 12:40–13:28 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12262 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Guru Pūrṇimā 1997 falls on Saturday 19 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Sat 19 Jul to 06:20 on Sun 20 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30821, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-07-19T09:15:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T06:15:25Z", "ms": 869292924796.668 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-20T06:20:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T03:20:17Z", "ms": 869368816870.9412 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-19T09:15:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T06:15:25Z", "ms": 869292924796.668 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-20T06:20:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T03:20:17Z", "ms": 869368816870.9412 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-19T17:49:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T14:49:06Z", "ms": 869323745661.6838 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-19T20:59:19+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T17:59:19Z", "ms": 869335158565.0939 } }, "covered_min": 190, "window_min": 190, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-20T17:48:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T14:48:26Z", "ms": 869410106051.8444 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-20T20:58:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T17:58:11Z", "ms": 869421490557.2612 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 190, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Sat 19 Jul to 06:20 on Sun 20 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-19T06:15:25Z → 1997-07-20T03:20:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:49–20:59 on the 19th, 17:48–20:58 on the 20th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 190 of 190 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 190 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30821 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kokilā Vrata 1997 falls on Saturday 19 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Sat 19 Jul to 06:20 on Sun 20 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29737, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-07-19T09:15:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T06:15:25Z", "ms": 869292924796.668 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-20T06:20:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T03:20:17Z", "ms": 869368816870.9412 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-19T09:15:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T06:15:25Z", "ms": 869292924796.668 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-20T06:20:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T03:20:17Z", "ms": 869368816870.9412 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-18T21:00:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-18T18:00:24Z", "ms": 869248824178.371 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-18T22:05:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-18T19:05:27Z", "ms": 869252726827.6606 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 65, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-19T20:59:19+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T17:59:19Z", "ms": 869335158565.0939 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-19T22:04:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-19T19:04:40Z", "ms": 869339079827.105 } }, "covered_min": 65, "window_min": 65, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Sat 19 Jul to 06:20 on Sun 20 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-19T06:15:25Z → 1997-07-20T03:20:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:00–22:05 on the 18th, 20:59–22:05 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 65 minutes on the 18th and 65 of 65 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29737 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śiva Śayanotsava 1997 falls on Saturday 19 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Sat 19 Jul to 06:20 on Sun 20 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8183, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1997-07-21T03:09:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-21T00:09:07Z", "ms": 869443747199.7499 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-21T23:51:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-21T20:51:27Z", "ms": 869518287063.0765 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-21T03:09:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-21T00:09:07Z", "ms": 869443747199.7499 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-21T23:51:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-21T20:51:27Z", "ms": 869518287063.0765 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-20T20:55:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T17:55:24Z", "ms": 869421324142.1523 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-20T20:55:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-20T17:55:24Z", "ms": 869421324142.1523 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-21T21:35:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-21T18:35:04Z", "ms": 869510104343.7665 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-21T21:35:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-21T18:35:04Z", "ms": 869510104343.7665 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 03:09 on Mon 21 Jul to 23:51 on Mon 21 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-21T00:09:07Z → 1997-07-21T20:51:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:55 on the 20th and 21:35 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8183 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Kyiv, 1997: Monday 21 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1997 falls on Monday 21 July. Dvitīyā runs from 03:09 on Mon 21 Jul to 23:51 on Mon 21 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-07-22", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5614, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-07-22T20:36:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-22T17:36:11Z", "ms": 869592970784.6141 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-23T17:31:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-23T14:31:14Z", "ms": 869668273846.356 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-22T20:36:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-22T17:36:11Z", "ms": 869592970784.6141 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-23T17:31:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-23T14:31:14Z", "ms": 869668273846.356 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-22T22:09:45+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-22T19:09:45Z", "ms": 869598585029.6478 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-22T22:09:45+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-22T19:09:45Z", "ms": 869598585029.6478 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-23T22:41:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-23T19:41:06Z", "ms": 869686866312.5498 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-23T22:41:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-23T19:41:06Z", "ms": 869686866312.5498 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:36 on Tue 22 Jul to 17:31 on Wed 23 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-22T17:36:11Z → 1997-07-23T14:31:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:10 on the 22nd and 22:41 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5614 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1997 falls on Tuesday 22 July. Caturthī runs from 20:36 on Tue 22 Jul to 17:31 on Wed 23 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-07-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-07-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6064, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-07-29T07:09:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-29T04:09:09Z", "ms": 870149349030.3843 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-30T07:03:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-30T04:03:53Z", "ms": 870235433054.4193 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-29T07:09:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-29T04:09:09Z", "ms": 870149349030.3843 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-30T07:03:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-30T04:03:53Z", "ms": 870235433054.4193 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-29T05:21:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-29T02:21:25Z", "ms": 870142884618.315 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-29T05:21:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-29T02:21:25Z", "ms": 870142884618.315 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-30T05:22:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-30T02:22:49Z", "ms": 870229368871.3737 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-30T05:22:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-30T02:22:49Z", "ms": 870229368871.3737 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:09 on Tue 29 Jul to 07:04 on Wed 30 Jul.", "fact": "1997-07-29T04:09:09Z → 1997-07-30T04:03:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:21 on the 29th and 05:23 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6064 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 30 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Wednesday 30 July. Ekādaśī runs from 07:09 on Tue 29 Jul to 07:04 on Wed 30 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-07-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-07-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-07-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34345, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-07-31T07:26:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-31T04:26:29Z", "ms": 870323189305.2551 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-01T08:16:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-01T05:16:17Z", "ms": 870412577359.5062 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-07-31T07:26:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-31T04:26:29Z", "ms": 870323189305.2551 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-01T08:16:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-01T05:16:17Z", "ms": 870412577359.5062 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-30T20:44:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-30T17:44:49Z", "ms": 870284689439.4891 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-30T21:54:05+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-30T18:54:05Z", "ms": 870288844694.0123 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 69, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-07-31T20:43:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-31T17:43:18Z", "ms": 870370998272.9413 }, "end": { "local": "1997-07-31T21:52:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-31T18:52:57Z", "ms": 870375177102.7195 } }, "covered_min": 70, "window_min": 70, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:26 on Thu 31 Jul to 08:16 on Fri 1 Aug.", "fact": "1997-07-31T04:26:29Z → 1997-08-01T05:16:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:45–21:54 on the 30th, 20:43–21:53 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 69 minutes on the 30th and 70 of 70 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34345 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 31 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Thursday 31 July. Trayodaśī runs from 07:26 on Thu 31 Jul to 08:16 on Fri 1 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-07-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-08-01", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24468, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-01T08:16:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-01T05:16:17Z", "ms": 870412577359.5062 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-02T09:32:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-02T06:32:31Z", "ms": 870503550670.384 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-01T08:16:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-01T05:16:17Z", "ms": 870412577359.5062 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-02T09:32:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-02T06:32:31Z", "ms": 870503550670.384 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-01T00:40:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-31T21:40:29Z", "ms": 870385228884.6095 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-01T01:28:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-07-31T22:28:29Z", "ms": 870388108884.6095 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-02T00:40:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-01T21:40:26Z", "ms": 870471625522.0616 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-02T01:28:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-01T22:28:26Z", "ms": 870474505522.0616 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:16 on Fri 1 Aug to 09:33 on Sat 2 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-01T05:16:17Z → 1997-08-02T06:32:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:40–01:28 on the 31st, 00:40–01:28 on the 1st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24468 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1997 falls on Friday 1 August. Caturdaśī runs from 08:16 on Fri 1 Aug to 09:33 on Sat 2 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-08-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8022, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1997-08-05T15:41:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-05T12:41:04Z", "ms": 870784863886.8606 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-06T18:16:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-06T15:16:11Z", "ms": 870880571084.0905 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-05T15:41:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-05T12:41:04Z", "ms": 870784863886.8606 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-06T18:16:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-06T15:16:11Z", "ms": 870880571084.0905 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-05T12:39:22+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-05T09:39:22Z", "ms": 870773961859.1547 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-05T13:27:22+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-05T10:27:22Z", "ms": 870776841859.1547 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-06T12:39:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-06T09:39:15Z", "ms": 870860355257.655 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-06T13:27:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-06T10:27:15Z", "ms": 870863235257.655 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 15:41 on Tue 5 Aug to 18:16 on Wed 6 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-05T12:41:04Z → 1997-08-06T15:16:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 5th, 12:39–13:27 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8022 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1997 falls on Wednesday 6 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 15:41 on Tue 5 Aug to 18:16 on Wed 6 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-08-07", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17336, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-06T18:16:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-06T15:16:11Z", "ms": 870880571084.0905 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-07T20:54:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-07T17:54:21Z", "ms": 870976460552.4465 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-06T18:16:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-06T15:16:11Z", "ms": 870880571084.0905 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-07T20:54:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-07T17:54:21Z", "ms": 870976460552.4465 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-06T12:39:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-06T09:39:15Z", "ms": 870860355257.655 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-06T13:27:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-06T10:27:15Z", "ms": 870863235257.655 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-07T12:39:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-07T09:39:08Z", "ms": 870946748068.2323 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-07T13:27:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-07T10:27:08Z", "ms": 870949628068.2323 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:16 on Wed 6 Aug to 20:54 on Thu 7 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-06T15:16:11Z → 1997-08-07T17:54:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 6th, 12:39–13:27 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17336 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1997 falls on Thursday 7 August. Caturthī runs from 18:16 on Wed 6 Aug to 20:54 on Thu 7 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-08-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26832, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-07T20:54:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-07T17:54:21Z", "ms": 870976460552.4465 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-08T23:24:10+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-08T20:24:10Z", "ms": 871071850426.0323 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-07T20:54:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-07T17:54:21Z", "ms": 870976460552.4465 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-08T23:24:10+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-08T20:24:10Z", "ms": 871071850426.0323 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-07T12:39:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-07T09:39:08Z", "ms": 870946748068.2323 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-07T13:27:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-07T10:27:08Z", "ms": 870949628068.2323 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-08T12:39:00+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-08T09:39:00Z", "ms": 871033140292.56 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-08T13:27:00+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-08T10:27:00Z", "ms": 871036020292.56 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 20:54 on Thu 7 Aug to 23:24 on Fri 8 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-07T17:54:21Z → 1997-08-08T20:24:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 7th, 12:39–13:27 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26832 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 8 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Nāga Pañcamī 1997 falls on Friday 8 August. Pañcamī runs from 20:54 on Thu 7 Aug to 23:24 on Fri 8 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-08-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8377, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-14T03:25:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-14T00:25:17Z", "ms": 871518316544.6548 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-15T01:52:51+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-14T22:52:51Z", "ms": 871599171154.995 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-14T03:25:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-14T00:25:17Z", "ms": 871518316544.6548 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-15T01:52:51+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-14T22:52:51Z", "ms": 871599171154.995 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-14T05:44:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-14T02:44:53Z", "ms": 871526693239.6572 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-14T05:44:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-14T02:44:53Z", "ms": 871526693239.6572 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-15T05:46:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-15T02:46:24Z", "ms": 871613183796.7435 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-15T05:46:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-15T02:46:24Z", "ms": 871613183796.7435 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:25 on Thu 14 Aug to 01:53 on Fri 15 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-14T00:25:17Z → 1997-08-14T22:52:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:45 on the 14th and 05:46 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8377 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 14 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Putradā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Thursday 14 August. Ekādaśī runs from 03:25 on Thu 14 Aug to 01:53 on Fri 15 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-08-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36701, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-15T01:52:51+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-14T22:52:51Z", "ms": 871599171154.995 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-15T23:37:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-15T20:37:31Z", "ms": 871677450644.2272 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-15T01:52:51+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-14T22:52:51Z", "ms": 871599171154.995 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-15T23:37:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-15T20:37:31Z", "ms": 871677450644.2272 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-14T12:38:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-14T09:38:02Z", "ms": 871551481557.5818 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-14T13:26:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-14T10:26:02Z", "ms": 871554361557.5818 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-15T12:37:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-15T09:37:50Z", "ms": 871637869817.8992 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-15T13:25:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-15T10:25:50Z", "ms": 871640749817.8992 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:53 on Fri 15 Aug to 23:38 on Fri 15 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-14T22:52:51Z → 1997-08-15T20:37:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:38–13:26 on the 14th, 12:38–13:26 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36701 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1997 falls on Friday 15 August. Dvādaśī runs from 01:53 on Fri 15 Aug to 23:38 on Fri 15 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-08-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1884, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-15T23:37:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-15T20:37:31Z", "ms": 871677450644.2272 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-16T20:46:45+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-16T17:46:45Z", "ms": 871753604995.9172 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-15T23:37:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-15T20:37:31Z", "ms": 871677450644.2272 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-16T20:46:45+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-16T17:46:45Z", "ms": 871753604995.9172 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-15T20:17:16+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-15T17:17:16Z", "ms": 871665435839.0549 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-15T21:33:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-15T18:33:21Z", "ms": 871670000990.3324 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-16T20:15:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-16T17:15:21Z", "ms": 871751720620.2354 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-16T21:31:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-16T18:31:53Z", "ms": 871756313238.0106 } }, "covered_min": 31, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:38 on Fri 15 Aug to 20:47 on Sat 16 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-15T20:37:31Z → 1997-08-16T17:46:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:17–21:33 on the 15th, 20:15–21:32 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 76 minutes on the 15th and 31 of 77 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1884 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Saturday 16 August. Trayodaśī runs from 23:38 on Fri 15 Aug to 20:47 on Sat 16 Aug and covers 31 of 77 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-08-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 7619, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-08-17T17:29:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-17T14:29:30Z", "ms": 871828170218.836 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-18T13:55:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-18T10:55:26Z", "ms": 871901726332.8843 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1997-08-18T03:43:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-18T00:43:57Z", "ms": 871865037373.7393 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-18T13:55:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-18T10:55:26Z", "ms": 871901726332.8843 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-17T05:49:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-17T02:49:25Z", "ms": 871786165253.5497 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-18T05:50:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-18T02:50:56Z", "ms": 871872656123.0507 } }, "covered_min": 127, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-18T05:50:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-18T02:50:56Z", "ms": 871872656123.0507 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-19T05:52:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-19T02:52:27Z", "ms": 871959147071.8501 } }, "covered_min": 485, "window_min": 1442, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 17:30 on Sun 17 Aug to 13:55 on Mon 18 Aug. Its second half begins at 03:44 on Mon 18 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-17T14:29:30Z → 1997-08-18T10:55:26Z · second half from 1997-08-18T00:43:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:49 on the 17th, and from 05:51 on the 18th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 127 of 1442 minutes on the 17th and 485 of 1442 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 7619 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1997 falls on Monday 18 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 03:44 on Mon 18 Aug to 13:55 on Mon 18 Aug and falls on two days: 485 minutes of it on the 18th, 127 on the 17th; the rule does not say which to take, and the day that holds more of it is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1815, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-08-17T17:29:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-17T14:29:30Z", "ms": 871828170218.836 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-18T13:55:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-18T10:55:26Z", "ms": 871901726332.8843 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-17T17:29:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-17T14:29:30Z", "ms": 871828170218.836 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-18T13:55:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-18T10:55:26Z", "ms": 871901726332.8843 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-17T12:37:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-17T09:37:25Z", "ms": 871810644757.8062 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-17T13:25:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-17T10:25:25Z", "ms": 871813524757.8062 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-18T12:37:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-18T09:37:11Z", "ms": 871897031465.1055 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-18T13:25:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-18T10:25:11Z", "ms": 871899911465.1055 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 17:30 on Sun 17 Aug to 13:55 on Mon 18 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-17T14:29:30Z → 1997-08-18T10:55:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:37–13:25 on the 17th, 12:37–13:25 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1815 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1997 falls on Monday 18 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 17:30 on Sun 17 Aug to 13:55 on Mon 18 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35811, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1997-08-19T10:14:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-19T07:14:26Z", "ms": 871974865668.4865 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-20T06:36:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-20T03:36:09Z", "ms": 872048169192.5796 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-19T10:14:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-19T07:14:26Z", "ms": 871974865668.4865 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-20T06:36:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-20T03:36:09Z", "ms": 872048169192.5796 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-18T20:05:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-18T17:05:24Z", "ms": 871923923979.9534 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-18T20:05:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-18T17:05:24Z", "ms": 871923923979.9534 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-19T20:39:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-19T17:39:18Z", "ms": 872012358370.5011 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-19T20:39:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-19T17:39:18Z", "ms": 872012358370.5011 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 10:14 on Tue 19 Aug to 06:36 on Wed 20 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-19T07:14:26Z → 1997-08-20T03:36:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:05 on the 18th and 20:39 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35811 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1997 falls on Tuesday 19 August. Dvitīyā runs from 10:14 on Tue 19 Aug to 06:36 on Wed 20 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21634, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1997-08-20T06:36:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-20T03:36:09Z", "ms": 872048169192.5796 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-21T03:09:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T00:09:47Z", "ms": 872122187451.7365 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-20T06:36:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-20T03:36:09Z", "ms": 872048169192.5796 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-21T03:09:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T00:09:47Z", "ms": 872122187451.7365 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-20T12:36:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-20T09:36:43Z", "ms": 872069803433.2798 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-20T13:24:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-20T10:24:43Z", "ms": 872072683433.2798 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-21T12:36:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T09:36:29Z", "ms": 872156188727.9209 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-21T13:24:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T10:24:29Z", "ms": 872159068727.9209 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 06:36 on Wed 20 Aug to 03:10 on Thu 21 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-20T03:36:09Z → 1997-08-21T00:09:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:37–13:25 on the 20th, 12:36–13:24 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21634 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1997 falls on Wednesday 20 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 06:36 on Wed 20 Aug to 03:10 on Thu 21 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14295, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-21T03:09:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T00:09:47Z", "ms": 872122187451.7365 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-22T00:03:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T21:03:43Z", "ms": 872197422961.5474 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-21T03:09:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T00:09:47Z", "ms": 872122187451.7365 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-22T00:03:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T21:03:43Z", "ms": 872197422961.5474 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-20T17:16:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-20T14:16:47Z", "ms": 872086606637.9746 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-20T20:07:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-20T17:07:29Z", "ms": 872096848774.4379 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 171, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-21T17:15:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T14:15:28Z", "ms": 872172928458.2075 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-21T20:05:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T17:05:28Z", "ms": 872183128278.3986 } }, "covered_min": 170, "window_min": 170, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:10 on Thu 21 Aug to 00:04 on Fri 22 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-21T00:09:47Z → 1997-08-21T21:03:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:17–20:07 on the 20th, 17:15–20:05 on the 21st.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 171 minutes on the 20th and 170 of 170 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14295 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Bahulā Caturthī 1997 falls on Thursday 21 August. Caturthī runs from 03:10 on Thu 21 Aug to 00:04 on Fri 22 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-08-21", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8535, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-21T03:09:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T00:09:47Z", "ms": 872122187451.7365 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-22T00:03:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T21:03:43Z", "ms": 872197422961.5474 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-21T03:09:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T00:09:47Z", "ms": 872122187451.7365 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-22T00:03:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T21:03:43Z", "ms": 872197422961.5474 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-20T21:10:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-20T18:10:49Z", "ms": 872100648944.262 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-20T21:10:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-20T18:10:49Z", "ms": 872100648944.262 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-21T21:41:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T18:41:28Z", "ms": 872188887594.4432 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-21T21:41:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-21T18:41:28Z", "ms": 872188887594.4432 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:10 on Thu 21 Aug to 00:04 on Fri 22 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-21T00:09:47Z → 1997-08-21T21:03:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:11 on the 20th and 21:41 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8535 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1997 falls on Thursday 21 August. Caturthī runs from 03:10 on Thu 21 Aug to 00:04 on Fri 22 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-08-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21367, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-22T21:25:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-22T18:25:12Z", "ms": 872274311962.8076 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-23T19:20:05+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-23T16:20:05Z", "ms": 872353205169.5194 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-22T21:25:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-22T18:25:12Z", "ms": 872274311962.8076 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-23T19:20:05+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-23T16:20:05Z", "ms": 872353205169.5194 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-22T12:36:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-22T09:36:14Z", "ms": 872242573585.419 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-22T13:24:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-22T10:24:14Z", "ms": 872245453585.419 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-23T12:35:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-23T09:35:58Z", "ms": 872328958021.9027 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-23T13:23:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-23T10:23:58Z", "ms": 872331838021.9027 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:25 on Fri 22 Aug to 19:20 on Sat 23 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-22T18:25:12Z → 1997-08-23T16:20:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 22nd, 12:36–13:24 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21367 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 23 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1997 falls on Saturday 23 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:25 on Fri 22 Aug to 19:20 on Sat 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24238, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-24T17:52:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-24T14:52:29Z", "ms": 872434349231.3558 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-25T17:04:33+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-25T14:04:33Z", "ms": 872517872614.4415 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-24T17:52:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-24T14:52:29Z", "ms": 872434349231.3558 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-25T17:04:33+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-25T14:04:33Z", "ms": 872517872614.4415 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-25T00:36:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-24T21:36:28Z", "ms": 872458587691.604 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-25T01:24:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-24T22:24:28Z", "ms": 872461467691.604 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-26T00:36:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-25T21:36:11Z", "ms": 872544971345.0293 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-26T01:24:11+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-25T22:24:11Z", "ms": 872547851345.0293 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:52 on Sun 24 Aug to 17:05 on Mon 25 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-24T14:52:29Z → 1997-08-25T14:04:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:36–01:24 on the 24th, 00:36–01:24 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24238 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Janmāṣṭamī 1997 falls on Sunday 24 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:52 on Sun 24 Aug to 17:05 on Mon 25 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16127, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-23T19:20:05+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-23T16:20:05Z", "ms": 872353205169.5194 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-24T17:52:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-24T14:52:29Z", "ms": 872434349231.3558 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-23T19:20:05+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-23T16:20:05Z", "ms": 872353205169.5194 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-24T17:52:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-24T14:52:29Z", "ms": 872434349231.3558 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-23T12:35:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-23T09:35:58Z", "ms": 872328958021.9027 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-23T13:23:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-23T10:23:58Z", "ms": 872331838021.9027 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-24T12:35:42+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-24T09:35:42Z", "ms": 872415342052.6104 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-24T13:23:42+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-24T10:23:42Z", "ms": 872418222052.6104 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 19:20 on Sat 23 Aug to 17:52 on Sun 24 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-23T16:20:05Z → 1997-08-24T14:52:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 23rd, 12:36–13:24 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16127 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śītalā Saptamī 1997 falls on Sunday 24 August. Saptamī runs from 19:20 on Sat 23 Aug to 17:52 on Sun 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-08-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40886, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-27T17:26:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-27T14:26:02Z", "ms": 872691962461.9177 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-28T18:30:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-28T15:30:12Z", "ms": 872782212106.62 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-27T17:26:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-27T14:26:02Z", "ms": 872691962461.9177 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-28T18:30:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-28T15:30:12Z", "ms": 872782212106.62 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-27T06:04:37+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-27T03:04:37Z", "ms": 872651076669.9336 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-27T06:04:37+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-27T03:04:37Z", "ms": 872651076669.9336 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-28T06:06:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-28T03:06:08Z", "ms": 872737568008.1959 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-28T06:06:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-28T03:06:08Z", "ms": 872737568008.1959 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:26 on Wed 27 Aug to 18:30 on Thu 28 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-27T14:26:02Z → 1997-08-28T15:30:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:05 on the 27th and 06:06 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 40886 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 28 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ajā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Thursday 28 August. Ekādaśī runs from 17:26 on Wed 27 Aug to 18:30 on Thu 28 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-08-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-08-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-30", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 921, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-29T20:04:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-29T17:04:15Z", "ms": 872874255272.4685 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-30T22:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-30T19:02:57Z", "ms": 872967777234.6766 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-29T20:04:15+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-29T17:04:15Z", "ms": 872874255272.4685 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-30T22:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-30T19:02:57Z", "ms": 872967777234.6766 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-29T19:48:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-29T16:48:54Z", "ms": 872873333853.3868 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-29T21:11:36+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-29T18:11:36Z", "ms": 872878296098.6206 } }, "covered_min": 67, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-30T19:46:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-30T16:46:46Z", "ms": 872959606273.0298 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-30T21:09:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-30T18:09:58Z", "ms": 872964597706.8597 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:04 on Fri 29 Aug to 22:03 on Sat 30 Aug.", "fact": "1997-08-29T17:04:15Z → 1997-08-30T19:02:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:49–21:12 on the 29th, 19:47–21:10 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 67 of 83 minutes on the 29th and 83 of 83 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 921 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-30", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Saturday 30 August. Trayodaśī runs from 20:04 on Fri 29 Aug to 22:03 on Sat 30 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 67 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-08-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-08-30", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 824, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-30T22:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-30T19:02:57Z", "ms": 872967777234.6766 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-01T00:20:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-31T21:20:41Z", "ms": 873062441336.0347 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-30T22:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-30T19:02:57Z", "ms": 872967777234.6766 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-01T00:20:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-31T21:20:41Z", "ms": 873062441336.0347 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-31T00:34:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-30T21:34:44Z", "ms": 872976884149.8918 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-31T01:22:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-30T22:22:44Z", "ms": 872979764149.8918 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-01T00:34:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-31T21:34:26Z", "ms": 873063265711.3973 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-01T01:22:26+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-31T22:22:26Z", "ms": 873066145711.3973 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:03 on Sat 30 Aug to 00:21 on Mon 1 Sep.", "fact": "1997-08-30T19:02:57Z → 1997-08-31T21:20:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:35–01:23 on the 30th, 00:34–01:22 on the 31st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 824 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1997 falls on Saturday 30 August. Caturdaśī runs from 22:03 on Sat 30 Aug to 00:21 on Mon 1 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-08-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3180, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-08-30T22:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-30T19:02:57Z", "ms": 872967777234.6766 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-01T00:20:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-31T21:20:41Z", "ms": 873062441336.0347 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-08-30T22:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-30T19:02:57Z", "ms": 872967777234.6766 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-01T00:20:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-31T21:20:41Z", "ms": 873062441336.0347 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-30T19:46:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-30T16:46:46Z", "ms": 872959606273.0298 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-30T21:09:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-30T18:09:58Z", "ms": 872964597706.8597 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-08-31T19:44:38+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-31T16:44:38Z", "ms": 873045878073.7704 }, "end": { "local": "1997-08-31T21:08:19+03:00", "utc": "1997-08-31T18:08:19Z", "ms": 873050898777.1376 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:03 on Sat 30 Aug to 00:21 on Mon 1 Sep.", "fact": "1997-08-30T19:02:57Z → 1997-08-31T21:20:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:47–21:10 on the 30th, 19:45–21:08 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 30th and 84 of 84 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3180 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Aghora Caturdaśī 1997 falls on Sunday 31 August. Caturdaśī runs from 22:03 on Sat 30 Aug to 00:21 on Mon 1 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25406, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1997-09-02T02:51:34+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-01T23:51:34Z", "ms": 873157893971.6753 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-03T05:29:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-03T02:29:17Z", "ms": 873253756920.7886 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-02T02:51:34+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-01T23:51:34Z", "ms": 873157893971.6753 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-03T05:29:17+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-03T02:29:17Z", "ms": 873253756920.7886 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-02T12:33:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-02T09:33:02Z", "ms": 873192782299.1844 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-02T13:21:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-02T10:21:02Z", "ms": 873195662299.1844 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-03T12:32:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-03T09:32:43Z", "ms": 873279163007.6367 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-03T13:20:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-03T10:20:43Z", "ms": 873282043007.6367 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 02:52 on Tue 2 Sep to 05:29 on Wed 3 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-01T23:51:34Z → 1997-09-03T02:29:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:33–13:21 on the 2nd, 12:33–13:21 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25406 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rudra Vrata 1997 falls on Tuesday 2 September. Pratipadā runs from 02:52 on Tue 2 Sep to 05:29 on Wed 3 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6924, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1997-09-04T08:06:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-04T05:06:54Z", "ms": 873349613674.2603 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-05T10:36:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-05T07:36:40Z", "ms": 873445000093.5121 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-04T08:06:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-04T05:06:54Z", "ms": 873349613674.2603 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-05T10:36:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-05T07:36:40Z", "ms": 873445000093.5121 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-04T12:32:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-04T09:32:23Z", "ms": 873365543457.3464 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-04T13:20:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-04T10:20:23Z", "ms": 873368423457.3464 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-05T12:32:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-05T09:32:04Z", "ms": 873451923662.8394 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-05T13:20:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-05T10:20:04Z", "ms": 873454803662.8394 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:07 on Thu 4 Sep to 10:37 on Fri 5 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-04T05:06:54Z → 1997-09-05T07:36:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 4th, 12:32–13:20 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6924 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 4 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1997 falls on Thursday 4 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:07 on Thu 4 Sep to 10:37 on Fri 5 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1106, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-05T10:36:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-05T07:36:40Z", "ms": 873445000093.5121 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-06T12:50:10+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-06T09:50:10Z", "ms": 873539409981.1312 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-05T10:36:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-05T07:36:40Z", "ms": 873445000093.5121 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-06T12:50:10+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-06T09:50:10Z", "ms": 873539409981.1312 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-05T12:32:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-05T09:32:04Z", "ms": 873451923662.8394 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-05T13:20:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-05T10:20:04Z", "ms": 873454803662.8394 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-06T12:31:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-06T09:31:44Z", "ms": 873538303639.1161 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-06T13:19:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-06T10:19:44Z", "ms": 873541183639.1161 } }, "covered_min": 18, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:37 on Fri 5 Sep to 12:50 on Sat 6 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-05T07:36:40Z → 1997-09-06T09:50:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 5th, 12:32–13:20 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 18 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1106 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1997 falls on Friday 5 September. Caturthī runs from 10:37 on Fri 5 Sep to 12:50 on Sat 6 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 18 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-07", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-disputed" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1106, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-06T12:50:10+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-06T09:50:10Z", "ms": 873539409981.1312 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-07T14:38:42+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-07T11:38:42Z", "ms": 873632322046.2997 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-06T12:50:10+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-06T09:50:10Z", "ms": 873539409981.1312 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-07T14:38:42+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-07T11:38:42Z", "ms": 873632322046.2997 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-06T12:31:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-06T09:31:44Z", "ms": 873538303639.1161 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-06T13:19:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-06T10:19:44Z", "ms": 873541183639.1161 } }, "covered_min": 30, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-07T12:31:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-07T09:31:23Z", "ms": 873624683401.693 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-07T13:19:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-07T10:19:23Z", "ms": 873627563401.693 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 12:50 on Sat 6 Sep to 14:39 on Sun 7 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-06T09:50:10Z → 1997-09-07T11:38:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 6th, 12:31–13:19 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 30 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the cited authorities disagree. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: disputed → greater-coverage · margin 1106 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 7 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-disputed)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-07", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1997 falls on Sunday 7 September. Pañcamī runs from 12:50 on Sat 6 Sep to 14:39 on Sun 7 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 30 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4759, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-07T14:38:42+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-07T11:38:42Z", "ms": 873632322046.2997 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-08T15:54:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-08T12:54:07Z", "ms": 873723246767.9481 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-07T14:38:42+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-07T11:38:42Z", "ms": 873632322046.2997 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-08T15:54:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-08T12:54:07Z", "ms": 873723246767.9481 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-07T12:31:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-07T09:31:23Z", "ms": 873624683401.693 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-07T13:19:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-07T10:19:23Z", "ms": 873627563401.693 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-08T12:31:03+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-08T09:31:03Z", "ms": 873711062966.6392 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-08T13:19:03+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-08T10:19:03Z", "ms": 873713942966.6392 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:39 on Sun 7 Sep to 15:54 on Mon 8 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-07T11:38:42Z → 1997-09-08T12:54:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 7th, 12:31–13:19 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4759 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Kyiv, 1997: Monday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1997 falls on Monday 8 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:39 on Sun 7 Sep to 15:54 on Mon 8 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9304, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-08T15:54:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-08T12:54:07Z", "ms": 873723246767.9481 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-09T16:29:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-09T13:29:43Z", "ms": 873811782728.602 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-08T15:54:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-08T12:54:07Z", "ms": 873723246767.9481 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-09T16:29:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-09T13:29:43Z", "ms": 873811782728.602 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-08T12:31:03+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-08T09:31:03Z", "ms": 873711062966.6392 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-08T13:19:03+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-08T10:19:03Z", "ms": 873713942966.6392 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-09T12:30:42+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-09T09:30:42Z", "ms": 873797442350.6274 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-09T13:18:42+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-09T10:18:42Z", "ms": 873800322350.6274 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 15:54 on Mon 8 Sep to 16:30 on Tue 9 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-08T12:54:07Z → 1997-09-09T13:29:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 8th, 12:31–13:19 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9304 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1997 falls on Tuesday 9 September. Saptamī runs from 15:54 on Mon 8 Sep to 16:30 on Tue 9 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10965, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-09T16:29:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-09T13:29:43Z", "ms": 873811782728.602 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-10T16:21:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-10T13:21:07Z", "ms": 873897666865.3567 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-09T16:29:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-09T13:29:43Z", "ms": 873811782728.602 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-10T16:21:07+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-10T13:21:07Z", "ms": 873897666865.3567 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-09T12:30:42+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-09T09:30:42Z", "ms": 873797442350.6274 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-09T13:18:42+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-09T10:18:42Z", "ms": 873800322350.6274 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-10T12:30:22+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-10T09:30:22Z", "ms": 873883821571.0144 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-10T13:18:22+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-10T10:18:22Z", "ms": 873886701571.0144 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:30 on Tue 9 Sep to 16:21 on Wed 10 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-09T13:29:43Z → 1997-09-10T13:21:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 9th, 12:30–13:18 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10965 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rādhāṣṭamī 1997 falls on Wednesday 10 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:30 on Tue 9 Sep to 16:21 on Wed 10 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-09-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17895, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-12T13:47:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-12T10:47:58Z", "ms": 874061277711.0359 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-13T11:28:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-13T08:28:43Z", "ms": 874139323043.7242 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-12T13:47:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-12T10:47:58Z", "ms": 874061277711.0359 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-13T11:28:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-13T08:28:43Z", "ms": 874139323043.7242 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-12T06:28:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-12T03:28:57Z", "ms": 874034936793.7916 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-12T06:28:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-12T03:28:57Z", "ms": 874034936793.7916 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-13T06:30:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-13T03:30:28Z", "ms": 874121427982.3517 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-13T06:30:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-13T03:30:28Z", "ms": 874121427982.3517 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:48 on Fri 12 Sep to 11:29 on Sat 13 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-12T10:47:58Z → 1997-09-13T08:28:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:29 on the 12th and 06:30 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17895 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Saturday 13 September. Ekādaśī runs from 13:48 on Fri 12 Sep to 11:29 on Sat 13 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-09-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3635, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-13T11:28:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-13T08:28:43Z", "ms": 874139323043.7242 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-14T08:35:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-14T05:35:08Z", "ms": 874215308078.4468 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-13T11:28:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-13T08:28:43Z", "ms": 874139323043.7242 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-14T08:35:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-14T05:35:08Z", "ms": 874215308078.4468 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-13T12:29:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-13T09:29:18Z", "ms": 874142958437.0387 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-13T13:17:18+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-13T10:17:18Z", "ms": 874145838437.0387 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-14T12:28:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-14T09:28:57Z", "ms": 874229337194.8035 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-14T13:16:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-14T10:16:57Z", "ms": 874232217194.8035 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 11:29 on Sat 13 Sep to 08:35 on Sun 14 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-13T08:28:43Z → 1997-09-14T05:35:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:29–13:17 on the 13th, 12:29–13:17 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3635 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vāmana Jayantī 1997 falls on Saturday 13 September. Dvādaśī runs from 11:29 on Sat 13 Sep to 08:35 on Sun 14 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-09-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30624, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-14T08:35:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-14T05:35:08Z", "ms": 874215308078.4468 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-15T05:14:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-15T02:14:55Z", "ms": 874289695413.7855 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-14T08:35:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-14T05:35:08Z", "ms": 874215308078.4468 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-15T05:14:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-15T02:14:55Z", "ms": 874289695413.7855 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-13T19:16:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-13T16:16:09Z", "ms": 874167368891.7257 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-13T20:46:16+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-13T17:46:16Z", "ms": 874172775598.8685 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-14T19:13:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-14T16:13:55Z", "ms": 874253635194.3098 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-14T20:44:32+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-14T17:44:32Z", "ms": 874259071894.51 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:35 on Sun 14 Sep to 05:15 on Mon 15 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-14T05:35:08Z → 1997-09-15T02:14:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:16–20:46 on the 13th, 19:14–20:45 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 90 minutes on the 13th and 91 of 91 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30624 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 14 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Sunday 14 September. Trayodaśī runs from 08:35 on Sun 14 Sep to 05:15 on Mon 15 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-09-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4715, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-15T05:14:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-15T02:14:55Z", "ms": 874289695413.7855 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-16T01:36:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-15T22:36:53Z", "ms": 874363012908.7639 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-15T05:14:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-15T02:14:55Z", "ms": 874289695413.7855 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-16T01:36:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-15T22:36:53Z", "ms": 874363012908.7639 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-15T06:33:30+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-15T03:33:30Z", "ms": 874294410445.8109 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-15T09:05:09+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-15T06:05:09Z", "ms": 874303508623.7235 } }, "covered_min": 152, "window_min": 152, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-16T06:35:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-16T03:35:02Z", "ms": 874380901749.4829 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-16T09:05:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-16T06:05:55Z", "ms": 874389954869.0331 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 151, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:15 on Mon 15 Sep to 01:37 on Tue 16 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-15T02:14:55Z → 1997-09-15T22:36:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:34–09:05 on the 15th, 06:35–09:06 on the 16th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 152 of 152 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 151 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4715 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ananta Caturdaśī 1997 falls on Monday 15 September. Caturdaśī runs from 05:15 on Mon 15 Sep to 01:37 on Tue 16 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-09-19", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33837, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-19T11:19:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-19T08:19:04Z", "ms": 874657143787.4962 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-20T08:36:05+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-20T05:36:05Z", "ms": 874733765137.2433 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-19T11:19:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-19T08:19:04Z", "ms": 874657143787.4962 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-20T08:36:05+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-20T05:36:05Z", "ms": 874733765137.2433 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-19T20:43:00+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-19T17:43:00Z", "ms": 874690980437.0549 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-19T20:43:00+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-19T17:43:00Z", "ms": 874690980437.0549 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-20T21:19:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-20T18:19:12Z", "ms": 874779552320.2603 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-20T21:19:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-20T18:19:12Z", "ms": 874779552320.2603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:19 on Fri 19 Sep to 08:36 on Sat 20 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-19T08:19:04Z → 1997-09-20T05:36:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:43 on the 19th and 21:19 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33837 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1997 falls on Friday 19 September. Caturthī runs from 11:19 on Fri 19 Sep to 08:36 on Sat 20 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-09-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25776, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-21T06:30:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-21T03:30:43Z", "ms": 874812642593.62 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-22T05:08:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-22T02:08:58Z", "ms": 874894137702.4738 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-21T06:30:43+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-21T03:30:43Z", "ms": 874812642593.62 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-22T05:08:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-22T02:08:58Z", "ms": 874894137702.4738 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-20T21:19:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-20T18:19:12Z", "ms": 874779552320.2603 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-20T21:19:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-20T18:19:12Z", "ms": 874779552320.2603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-21T21:59:22+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-21T18:59:22Z", "ms": 874868362026.4152 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-21T21:59:22+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-21T18:59:22Z", "ms": 874868362026.4152 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:31 on Sun 21 Sep to 05:09 on Mon 22 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-21T03:30:43Z → 1997-09-22T02:08:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:19 on the 20th and 21:59 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25776 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1997 falls on Sunday 21 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:31 on Sun 21 Sep to 05:09 on Mon 22 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29025, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-23T04:34:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-23T01:34:25Z", "ms": 874978465439.1382 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-24T04:47:38+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-24T01:47:38Z", "ms": 875065658271.2083 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-23T04:34:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-23T01:34:25Z", "ms": 874978465439.1382 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-24T04:47:38+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-24T01:47:38Z", "ms": 875065658271.2083 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-22T18:56:02+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-22T15:56:02Z", "ms": 874943762499.6818 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-22T20:30:40+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-22T17:30:40Z", "ms": 874949440012.7585 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-23T18:53:48+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-23T15:53:48Z", "ms": 875030028498.8328 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-23T20:28:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-23T17:28:56Z", "ms": 875035736190.3308 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 04:34 on Tue 23 Sep to 04:48 on Wed 24 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-23T01:34:25Z → 1997-09-24T01:47:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:56–20:31 on the 22nd, 18:54–20:29 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 95 minutes on the 22nd and 95 of 95 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29025 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 23 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1997 falls on Tuesday 23 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 04:34 on Tue 23 Sep to 04:48 on Wed 24 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18827, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-23T04:34:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-23T01:34:25Z", "ms": 874978465439.1382 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-24T04:47:38+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-24T01:47:38Z", "ms": 875065658271.2083 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-23T04:34:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-23T01:34:25Z", "ms": 874978465439.1382 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-24T04:47:38+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-24T01:47:38Z", "ms": 875065658271.2083 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-22T22:44:13+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-22T19:44:13Z", "ms": 874957452526.9945 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-22T22:44:13+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-22T19:44:13Z", "ms": 874957452526.9945 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-23T23:33:51+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-23T20:33:51Z", "ms": 875046830869.4448 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-23T23:33:51+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-23T20:33:51Z", "ms": 875046830869.4448 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 04:34 on Tue 23 Sep to 04:48 on Wed 24 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-23T01:34:25Z → 1997-09-24T01:47:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:44 on the 22nd and 23:34 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18827 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 23 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1997 falls on Tuesday 23 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 04:34 on Tue 23 Sep to 04:48 on Wed 24 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-09-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1951, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-26T07:22:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-26T04:22:52Z", "ms": 875247772087.2827 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-27T09:30:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-27T06:30:23Z", "ms": 875341823450.3258 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-26T07:22:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-26T04:22:52Z", "ms": 875247772087.2827 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-27T09:30:23+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-27T06:30:23Z", "ms": 875341823450.3258 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-26T06:50:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-26T03:50:21Z", "ms": 875245821430.9067 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-26T06:50:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-26T03:50:21Z", "ms": 875245821430.9067 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-27T06:51:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-27T03:51:54Z", "ms": 875332314356.9346 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-27T06:51:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-27T03:51:54Z", "ms": 875332314356.9346 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:23 on Fri 26 Sep to 09:30 on Sat 27 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-26T04:22:52Z → 1997-09-27T06:30:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:50 on the 26th and 06:52 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 26th and is on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1951 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Indirā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Saturday 27 September. Ekādaśī runs from 07:23 on Fri 26 Sep to 09:30 on Sat 27 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-09-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-09-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14592, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-28T11:58:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-28T08:58:31Z", "ms": 875437110840.0404 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-29T14:37:16+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-29T11:37:16Z", "ms": 875533035785.736 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-28T11:58:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-28T08:58:31Z", "ms": 875437110840.0404 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-29T14:37:16+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-29T11:37:16Z", "ms": 875533035785.736 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-28T18:42:41+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-28T15:42:41Z", "ms": 875461360901.9762 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-28T20:20:20+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-28T17:20:20Z", "ms": 875467219562.329 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-29T18:40:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-29T15:40:28Z", "ms": 875547628066.7828 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-29T20:18:37+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-29T17:18:37Z", "ms": 875553516916.6129 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:59 on Sun 28 Sep to 14:37 on Mon 29 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-28T08:58:31Z → 1997-09-29T11:37:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:43–20:20 on the 28th, 18:40–20:19 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 98 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14592 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 28 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Sunday 28 September. Trayodaśī runs from 11:59 on Sun 28 Sep to 14:37 on Mon 29 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-09-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-09-29", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25601, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-09-29T14:37:16+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-29T11:37:16Z", "ms": 875533035785.736 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-30T17:17:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-30T14:17:31Z", "ms": 875629050741.7228 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-29T14:37:16+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-29T11:37:16Z", "ms": 875533035785.736 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-30T17:17:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-30T14:17:31Z", "ms": 875629050741.7228 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-30T00:24:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-29T21:24:31Z", "ms": 875568271253.6455 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-30T01:12:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-29T22:12:31Z", "ms": 875571151253.6455 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-01T00:24:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-30T21:24:12Z", "ms": 875654651893.1515 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-01T01:12:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-30T22:12:12Z", "ms": 875657531893.1515 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:37 on Mon 29 Sep to 17:18 on Tue 30 Sep.", "fact": "1997-09-29T11:37:16Z → 1997-09-30T14:17:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:25–01:13 on the 29th, 00:24–01:12 on the 30th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25601 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1997 falls on Monday 29 September. Caturdaśī runs from 14:37 on Mon 29 Sep to 17:18 on Tue 30 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-09-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3575, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1997-09-30T17:17:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-30T14:17:31Z", "ms": 875629050741.7228 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-01T19:51:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-01T16:51:31Z", "ms": 875724690533.3569 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-09-30T17:17:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-30T14:17:31Z", "ms": 875629050741.7228 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-01T19:51:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-01T16:51:31Z", "ms": 875724690533.3569 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-09-30T13:57:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-30T10:57:35Z", "ms": 875617055092.1316 }, "end": { "local": "1997-09-30T16:17:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-09-30T13:17:55Z", "ms": 875625475309.3395 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-01T13:56:53+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-01T10:56:53Z", "ms": 875703413289.9528 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-01T16:16:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-01T13:16:28Z", "ms": 875711788300.0186 } }, "covered_min": 140, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 17:18 on Tue 30 Sep to 19:52 on Wed 1 Oct.", "fact": "1997-09-30T14:17:31Z → 1997-10-01T16:51:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:58–16:18 on the 30th, 13:57–16:16 on the 1st.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 0 of 140 minutes on the 30th and 140 of 140 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3575 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 1 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1997 falls on Wednesday 1 October. Amāvasyā runs from 17:18 on Tue 30 Sep to 19:52 on Wed 1 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24025, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1997-10-01T19:51:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-01T16:51:31Z", "ms": 875724690533.3569 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-02T22:12:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-02T19:12:55Z", "ms": 875819575435.2358 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-01T19:51:31+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-01T16:51:31Z", "ms": 875724690533.3569 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-02T22:12:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-02T19:12:55Z", "ms": 875819575435.2358 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-01T12:23:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-01T09:23:06Z", "ms": 875697785784.9199 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-01T13:11:06+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-01T10:11:06Z", "ms": 875700665784.9199 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-02T12:22:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-02T09:22:47Z", "ms": 875784166882.2178 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-02T13:10:47+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-02T10:10:47Z", "ms": 875787046882.2178 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 19:52 on Wed 1 Oct to 22:13 on Thu 2 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-01T16:51:31Z → 1997-10-02T19:12:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:23–13:11 on the 1st, 12:23–13:11 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24025 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1997 falls on Thursday 2 October. Pratipadā runs from 19:52 on Wed 1 Oct to 22:13 on Thu 2 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-10-05", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32899, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-05T01:58:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-04T22:58:01Z", "ms": 876005881444.3547 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-06T03:13:16+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-06T00:13:16Z", "ms": 876096795982.23 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-05T01:58:01+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-04T22:58:01Z", "ms": 876005881444.3547 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-06T03:13:16+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-06T00:13:16Z", "ms": 876096795982.23 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-05T12:21:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-05T09:21:52Z", "ms": 876043312119.586 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-05T13:09:52+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-05T10:09:52Z", "ms": 876046192119.586 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-10-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-06T12:21:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-06T09:21:35Z", "ms": 876129694570.6426 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-06T13:09:35+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-06T10:09:35Z", "ms": 876132574570.6426 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:58 on Sun 5 Oct to 03:13 on Mon 6 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-04T22:58:01Z → 1997-10-06T00:13:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:22–13:10 on the 5th, 12:22–13:10 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32899 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 5 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1997 falls on Sunday 5 October. Caturthī runs from 01:58 on Sun 5 Oct to 03:13 on Mon 6 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-10-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10702, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-08T04:10:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-08T01:10:50Z", "ms": 876273049669.0703 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-09T03:47:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-09T00:47:29Z", "ms": 876358048674.9443 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-08T04:10:50+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-08T01:10:50Z", "ms": 876273049669.0703 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-09T03:47:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-09T00:47:29Z", "ms": 876358048674.9443 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-08T07:09:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-08T04:09:12Z", "ms": 876283751951.1748 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-08T07:53:58+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-08T04:53:58Z", "ms": 876286438442.1704 } }, "covered_min": 45, "window_min": 45, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-09T07:10:48+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-09T04:10:48Z", "ms": 876370247803.6686 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-09T07:55:19+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-09T04:55:19Z", "ms": 876372919333.9388 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 45, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 04:11 on Wed 8 Oct to 03:47 on Thu 9 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-08T01:10:50Z → 1997-10-09T00:47:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:09–07:54 on the 8th, 07:11–07:55 on the 9th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 45 of 45 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 45 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10702 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Durgā Saptamī 1997 falls on Wednesday 8 October. Saptamī runs from 04:11 on Wed 8 Oct to 03:47 on Thu 9 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30796, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-09T03:47:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-09T00:47:29Z", "ms": 876358048674.9443 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-10T02:47:20+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-09T23:47:20Z", "ms": 876440840357.5377 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-09T03:47:29+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-09T00:47:29Z", "ms": 876358048674.9443 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-10T02:47:20+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-09T23:47:20Z", "ms": 876440840357.5377 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-09T12:20:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-09T09:20:44Z", "ms": 876388844280.6954 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-09T13:08:44+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-09T10:08:44Z", "ms": 876391724280.6954 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-10T12:20:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-10T09:20:28Z", "ms": 876475228362.238 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-10T13:08:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-10T10:08:28Z", "ms": 876478108362.238 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:47 on Thu 9 Oct to 02:47 on Fri 10 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-09T00:47:29Z → 1997-10-09T23:47:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:21–13:09 on the 9th, 12:20–13:08 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30796 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1997 falls on Thursday 9 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:47 on Thu 9 Oct to 02:47 on Fri 10 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34388, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-10T02:47:20+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-09T23:47:20Z", "ms": 876440840357.5377 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-11T01:10:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-10T22:10:46Z", "ms": 876521446225.8004 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-10T02:47:20+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-09T23:47:20Z", "ms": 876440840357.5377 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-11T01:10:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-10T22:10:46Z", "ms": 876521446225.8004 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-10T12:20:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-10T09:20:28Z", "ms": 876475228362.238 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-10T13:08:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-10T10:08:28Z", "ms": 876478108362.238 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-11T12:20:13+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-11T09:20:13Z", "ms": 876561612897.137 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-11T13:08:13+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-11T10:08:13Z", "ms": 876564492897.137 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 02:47 on Fri 10 Oct to 01:11 on Sat 11 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-09T23:47:20Z → 1997-10-10T22:10:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:20–13:08 on the 10th, 12:20–13:08 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34388 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mahānavamī 1997 falls on Friday 10 October. Navamī runs from 02:47 on Fri 10 Oct to 01:11 on Sat 11 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8816, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-11T01:10:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-10T22:10:46Z", "ms": 876521446225.8004 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-11T22:59:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-11T19:59:56Z", "ms": 876599995628.8037 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "1997-10-11T01:10:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-10T22:10:46Z", "ms": 876521446225.8004 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-11T20:41:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-11T17:41:21Z", "ms": 876591681311.7842 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "1997-10-10T22:04:12+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-10T19:04:12Z", "ms": 876510251635.8722 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-11T20:41:21+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-11T17:41:21Z", "ms": 876591681311.7842 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-10T07:12:24+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-10T04:12:24Z", "ms": 876456743924.8123 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-10T18:16:33+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-10T15:16:33Z", "ms": 876496592799.664 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 664, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-11T07:14:00+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-11T04:14:00Z", "ms": 876543240317.4196 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-11T18:14:25+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-11T15:14:25Z", "ms": 876582865476.8545 } }, "covered_min": 660, "window_min": 660, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 01:11 on Sat 11 Oct to 23:00 on Sat 11 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 22:04 on Fri 10 Oct to 20:41 on Sat 11 Oct. They are together from 01:11 on Sat 11 Oct to 20:41 on Sat 11 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-10T22:10:46Z → 1997-10-11T17:41:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 07:12–18:17 on the 10th, 07:14–18:14 on the 11th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 0 of 664 minutes on the 10th and 660 of 660 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8816 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1997 falls on Saturday 11 October. Daśamī runs from 01:11 on Sat 11 Oct to 23:00 on Sat 11 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 660 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-10-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29741, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-11T22:59:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-11T19:59:56Z", "ms": 876599995628.8037 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-12T20:18:48+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-12T17:18:48Z", "ms": 876676727685.7194 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-11T22:59:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-11T19:59:56Z", "ms": 876599995628.8037 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-12T20:18:48+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-12T17:18:48Z", "ms": 876676727685.7194 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-12T07:15:37+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-12T04:15:37Z", "ms": 876629736984.8577 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-12T07:15:37+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-12T04:15:37Z", "ms": 876629736984.8577 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-13T07:17:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-13T04:17:14Z", "ms": 876716233931.4364 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-13T07:17:14+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-13T04:17:14Z", "ms": 876716233931.4364 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:00 on Sat 11 Oct to 20:19 on Sun 12 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-11T19:59:56Z → 1997-10-12T17:18:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:16 on the 12th and 07:17 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29741 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Sunday 12 October. Ekādaśī runs from 23:00 on Sat 11 Oct to 20:19 on Sun 12 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-10-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-10-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3429, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-13T17:13:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-13T14:13:04Z", "ms": 876751983749.9741 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-14T13:49:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-14T10:49:54Z", "ms": 876826193807.242 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-13T17:13:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-13T14:13:04Z", "ms": 876751983749.9741 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-14T13:49:54+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-14T10:49:54Z", "ms": 876826193807.242 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-13T18:10:13+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-13T15:10:13Z", "ms": 876755412882.0809 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-13T19:55:22+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-13T16:55:22Z", "ms": 876761721986.1581 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-10-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-14T18:08:08+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-14T15:08:08Z", "ms": 876841687684.9703 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-14T19:53:46+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-14T16:53:46Z", "ms": 876848026484.9894 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:13 on Mon 13 Oct to 13:50 on Tue 14 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-13T14:13:04Z → 1997-10-14T10:49:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:10–19:55 on the 13th, 18:08–19:54 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 106 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3429 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Monday 13 October. Trayodaśī runs from 17:13 on Mon 13 Oct to 13:50 on Tue 14 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-10-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2221, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-18T21:50:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-18T18:50:27Z", "ms": 877200626942.0056 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-19T19:57:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-19T16:57:55Z", "ms": 877280274704.5911 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-18T21:50:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-18T18:50:27Z", "ms": 877200626942.0056 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-19T19:57:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-19T16:57:55Z", "ms": 877280274704.5911 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-18T19:50:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-18T16:50:57Z", "ms": 877193456574.2479 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-18T19:50:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-18T16:50:57Z", "ms": 877193456574.2479 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-19T20:34:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-19T17:34:56Z", "ms": 877282495735.7614 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-19T20:34:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-19T17:34:56Z", "ms": 877282495735.7614 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:50 on Sat 18 Oct to 19:58 on Sun 19 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-18T18:50:27Z → 1997-10-19T16:57:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:51 on the 18th and 20:35 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → tithi-day · margin 2221 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1997 falls on Saturday 18 October. Caturthī runs from 21:50 on Sat 18 Oct to 19:58 on Sun 19 Oct, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-10-18", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2221, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-18T21:50:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-18T18:50:27Z", "ms": 877200626942.0056 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-19T19:57:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-19T16:57:55Z", "ms": 877280274704.5911 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-18T21:50:27+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-18T18:50:27Z", "ms": 877200626942.0056 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-19T19:57:55+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-19T16:57:55Z", "ms": 877280274704.5911 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-18T19:50:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-18T16:50:57Z", "ms": 877193456574.2479 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-18T19:50:57+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-18T16:50:57Z", "ms": 877193456574.2479 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-19T20:34:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-19T17:34:56Z", "ms": 877282495735.7614 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-19T20:34:56+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-19T17:34:56Z", "ms": 877282495735.7614 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:50 on Sat 18 Oct to 19:58 on Sun 19 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-18T18:50:27Z → 1997-10-19T16:57:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:51 on the 18th and 20:35 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 2221 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1997 falls on Saturday 18 October. Caturthī runs from 21:50 on Sat 18 Oct to 19:58 on Sun 19 Oct, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-10-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13161, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-22T19:12:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-22T16:12:04Z", "ms": 877536724325.028 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-23T20:35:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-23T17:35:28Z", "ms": 877628127699.926 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-22T19:12:04+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-22T16:12:04Z", "ms": 877536724325.028 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-23T20:35:28+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-23T17:35:28Z", "ms": 877628127699.926 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-22T23:15:16+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-22T20:15:16Z", "ms": 877551315570.7446 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-22T23:15:16+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-22T20:15:16Z", "ms": 877551315570.7446 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-24T00:14:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-23T21:14:49Z", "ms": 877641288581.5966 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-24T00:14:49+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-23T21:14:49Z", "ms": 877641288581.5966 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:12 on Wed 22 Oct to 20:35 on Thu 23 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-22T16:12:04Z → 1997-10-23T17:35:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:15 on the 22nd and 00:15 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13161 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1997 falls on Wednesday 22 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:12 on Wed 22 Oct to 20:35 on Thu 23 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-10-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13822, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-26T01:07:22+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-25T22:07:22Z", "ms": 877817241877.4049 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-27T02:50:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-27T00:50:00Z", "ms": 877913400239.9379 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-26T01:07:22+03:00", "utc": "1997-10-25T22:07:22Z", "ms": 877817241877.4049 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-27T02:50:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-27T00:50:00Z", "ms": 877913400239.9379 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-26T06:38:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-26T04:38:41Z", "ms": 877840721344.8069 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-26T06:38:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-26T04:38:41Z", "ms": 877840721344.8069 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-27T06:40:22+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-27T04:40:22Z", "ms": 877927222325.1376 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-27T06:40:22+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-27T04:40:22Z", "ms": 877927222325.1376 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:07 on Sun 26 Oct to 02:50 on Mon 27 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-25T22:07:22Z → 1997-10-27T00:50:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:39 on the 26th and 06:40 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13822 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ramā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Sunday 26 October. Ekādaśī runs from 01:07 on Sun 26 Oct to 02:50 on Mon 27 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-10-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29654, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-27T02:50:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-27T00:50:00Z", "ms": 877913400239.9379 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-28T05:32:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-28T03:32:21Z", "ms": 878009541401.7523 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-27T02:50:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-27T00:50:00Z", "ms": 877913400239.9379 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-28T05:32:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-28T03:32:21Z", "ms": 878009541401.7523 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-26T16:44:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-26T14:44:18Z", "ms": 877877057976.7948 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-26T18:35:47+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-26T16:35:47Z", "ms": 877883746556.5739 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-27T16:42:26+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-27T14:42:26Z", "ms": 877963346127.0651 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-27T18:34:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-27T16:34:23Z", "ms": 877970063112.1549 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 02:50 on Mon 27 Oct to 05:32 on Tue 28 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-27T00:50:00Z → 1997-10-28T03:32:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:44–18:36 on the 26th, 16:42–18:34 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 111 minutes on the 26th and 112 of 112 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29654 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1997 falls on Monday 27 October. Dvādaśī runs from 02:50 on Mon 27 Oct to 05:32 on Tue 28 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30938, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-28T05:32:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-28T03:32:21Z", "ms": 878009541401.7523 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-29T08:03:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T06:03:09Z", "ms": 878104988761.9838 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-28T05:32:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-28T03:32:21Z", "ms": 878009541401.7523 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-29T08:03:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T06:03:09Z", "ms": 878104988761.9838 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-28T16:40:36+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-28T14:40:36Z", "ms": 878049635593.1582 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-28T18:33:01+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-28T16:33:01Z", "ms": 878056380833.0209 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-29T16:38:46+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T14:38:46Z", "ms": 878135926417.6007 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-29T18:31:40+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T16:31:40Z", "ms": 878142699752.6533 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:32 on Tue 28 Oct to 08:03 on Wed 29 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-28T03:32:21Z → 1997-10-29T06:03:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:41–18:33 on the 28th, 16:39–18:32 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 112 of 112 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 113 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30938 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Yama Dīpadāna 1997 falls on Tuesday 28 October. Trayodaśī runs from 05:32 on Tue 28 Oct to 08:03 on Wed 29 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-10-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30938, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-28T05:32:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-28T03:32:21Z", "ms": 878009541401.7523 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-29T08:03:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T06:03:09Z", "ms": 878104988761.9838 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-28T05:32:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-28T03:32:21Z", "ms": 878009541401.7523 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-29T08:03:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T06:03:09Z", "ms": 878104988761.9838 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-28T16:40:36+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-28T14:40:36Z", "ms": 878049635593.1582 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-28T18:33:01+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-28T16:33:01Z", "ms": 878056380833.0209 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-29T16:38:46+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T14:38:46Z", "ms": 878135926417.6007 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-29T18:31:40+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T16:31:40Z", "ms": 878142699752.6533 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:32 on Tue 28 Oct to 08:03 on Wed 29 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-28T03:32:21Z → 1997-10-29T06:03:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:41–18:33 on the 28th, 16:39–18:32 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 112 of 112 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 113 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30938 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Tuesday 28 October. Trayodaśī runs from 05:32 on Tue 28 Oct to 08:03 on Wed 29 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-10-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-10-29", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28619, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-29T08:03:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T06:03:09Z", "ms": 878104988761.9838 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-30T10:14:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T08:14:18Z", "ms": 878199257919.9047 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-29T08:03:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T06:03:09Z", "ms": 878104988761.9838 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-30T10:14:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T08:14:18Z", "ms": 878199257919.9047 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-28T23:18:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-28T21:18:10Z", "ms": 878073490242.6433 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-29T00:06:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-28T22:06:10Z", "ms": 878076370242.6433 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-29T23:18:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T21:18:06Z", "ms": 878159886424.0481 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-30T00:06:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T22:06:06Z", "ms": 878162766424.0481 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:03 on Wed 29 Oct to 10:14 on Thu 30 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-29T06:03:09Z → 1997-10-30T08:14:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:18–00:06 on the 28th, 23:18–00:06 on the 29th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28619 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1997 falls on Wednesday 29 October. Caturdaśī runs from 08:03 on Wed 29 Oct to 10:14 on Thu 30 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-10-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4764, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-10-29T08:03:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T06:03:09Z", "ms": 878104988761.9838 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-30T10:14:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T08:14:18Z", "ms": 878199257919.9047 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-29T08:03:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T06:03:09Z", "ms": 878104988761.9838 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-30T10:14:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T08:14:18Z", "ms": 878199257919.9047 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-29T04:51:20+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T02:51:20Z", "ms": 878093479652.2657 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-29T06:43:45+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T04:43:45Z", "ms": 878100224892.1284 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-30T04:52:33+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T02:52:33Z", "ms": 878179953095.4429 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-30T06:45:26+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T04:45:26Z", "ms": 878186726430.4955 } }, "covered_min": 113, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:03 on Wed 29 Oct to 10:14 on Thu 30 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-29T06:03:09Z → 1997-10-30T08:14:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:51–06:44 on the 29th, 04:53–06:45 on the 30th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 112 minutes on the 29th and 113 of 113 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4764 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1997 falls on Thursday 30 October. Caturdaśī runs from 08:03 on Wed 29 Oct to 10:14 on Thu 30 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16449, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1997-10-30T10:14:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T08:14:18Z", "ms": 878199257919.9047 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-31T12:01:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z", "ms": 878292063161.944 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-30T10:14:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T08:14:18Z", "ms": 878199257919.9047 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-31T12:01:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z", "ms": 878292063161.944 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-30T16:36:59+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T14:36:59Z", "ms": 878222218643.27 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-30T18:30:20+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T16:30:20Z", "ms": 878229019904.521 } }, "covered_min": 113, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-31T16:35:12+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T14:35:12Z", "ms": 878308512313.4431 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-31T18:29:01+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T16:29:01Z", "ms": 878315341322.1146 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 10:14 on Thu 30 Oct to 12:01 on Fri 31 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-30T08:14:18Z → 1997-10-31T10:01:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:37–18:30 on the 30th, 16:35–18:29 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 113 of 113 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 114 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16449 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1997 falls on Thursday 30 October. Amāvasyā runs from 10:14 on Thu 30 Oct to 12:01 on Fri 31 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36491, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1997-10-30T10:14:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T08:14:18Z", "ms": 878199257919.9047 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-31T12:01:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z", "ms": 878292063161.944 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-30T10:14:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T08:14:18Z", "ms": 878199257919.9047 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-31T12:01:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z", "ms": 878292063161.944 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-29T23:18:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T21:18:06Z", "ms": 878159886424.0481 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-30T00:06:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-29T22:06:06Z", "ms": 878162766424.0481 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-30T23:18:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T21:18:03Z", "ms": 878246283372.9613 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-31T00:06:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-30T22:06:03Z", "ms": 878249163372.9613 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 10:14 on Thu 30 Oct to 12:01 on Fri 31 Oct.", "fact": "1997-10-30T08:14:18Z → 1997-10-31T10:01:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:18–00:06 on the 29th, 23:18–00:06 on the 30th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36491 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kālī Pūjā 1997 falls on Thursday 30 October. Amāvasyā runs from 10:14 on Thu 30 Oct to 12:01 on Fri 31 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-31", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 247, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1997-10-31T12:01:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z", "ms": 878292063161.944 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-01T13:21:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T11:21:23Z", "ms": 878383283295.7849 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-31T12:01:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z", "ms": 878292063161.944 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-01T13:21:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T11:21:23Z", "ms": 878383283295.7849 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-31T11:17:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T09:17:10Z", "ms": 878289430208.0479 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-31T12:05:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T10:05:10Z", "ms": 878292310208.0479 } }, "covered_min": 4, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-01T11:17:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T09:17:09Z", "ms": 878375828675.1362 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-01T12:05:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T10:05:09Z", "ms": 878378708675.1362 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 12:01 on Fri 31 Oct to 13:21 on Sat 1 Nov.", "fact": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z → 1997-11-01T11:21:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 31st, 11:17–12:05 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 4 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 247 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-31", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Govardhana Pūjā 1997 falls on Friday 31 October. Pratipadā runs from 12:01 on Fri 31 Oct to 13:21 on Sat 1 Nov and covers 4 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken. It is 4 min 07 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11524, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1997-10-31T12:01:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z", "ms": 878292063161.944 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-01T13:21:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T11:21:23Z", "ms": 878383283295.7849 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-31T12:01:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z", "ms": 878292063161.944 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-01T13:21:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T11:21:23Z", "ms": 878383283295.7849 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-31T16:35:12+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T14:35:12Z", "ms": 878308512313.4431 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-31T18:29:01+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T16:29:01Z", "ms": 878315341322.1146 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-01T16:33:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T14:33:27Z", "ms": 878394807471.7933 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-01T18:27:44+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T16:27:44Z", "ms": 878401664038.9406 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 12:01 on Fri 31 Oct to 13:21 on Sat 1 Nov.", "fact": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z → 1997-11-01T11:21:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:35–18:29 on the 31st, 16:33–18:28 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 114 of 114 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 114 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11524 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Bali Pūjā 1997 falls on Friday 31 October. Pratipadā runs from 12:01 on Fri 31 Oct to 13:21 on Sat 1 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7074, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1997-10-31T12:01:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z", "ms": 878292063161.944 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-01T13:21:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T11:21:23Z", "ms": 878383283295.7849 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-10-31T12:01:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z", "ms": 878292063161.944 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-01T13:21:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T11:21:23Z", "ms": 878383283295.7849 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-10-31T06:47:08+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T04:47:08Z", "ms": 878273228102.6526 }, "end": { "local": "1997-10-31T10:03:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-10-31T08:03:10Z", "ms": 878284989506.2494 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 196, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-01T06:48:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T04:48:50Z", "ms": 878359729878.479 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-01T10:03:42+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T08:03:42Z", "ms": 878371422409.5837 } }, "covered_min": 195, "window_min": 195, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 12:01 on Fri 31 Oct to 13:21 on Sat 1 Nov.", "fact": "1997-10-31T10:01:03Z → 1997-11-01T11:21:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:47–10:03 on the 31st, 06:49–10:04 on the 1st.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 196 minutes on the 31st and 195 of 195 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7074 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Dyūta Pratipad 1997 falls on Saturday 1 November. Pratipadā runs from 12:01 on Fri 31 Oct to 13:21 on Sat 1 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4575, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1997-11-01T13:21:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T11:21:23Z", "ms": 878383283295.7849 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-02T14:15:07+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-02T12:15:07Z", "ms": 878472907446.2861 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-01T13:21:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T11:21:23Z", "ms": 878383283295.7849 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-02T14:15:07+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-02T12:15:07Z", "ms": 878472907446.2861 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-01T11:17:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T09:17:09Z", "ms": 878375828675.1362 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-01T12:05:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-01T10:05:09Z", "ms": 878378708675.1362 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-02T11:17:08+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-02T09:17:08Z", "ms": 878462227944.0488 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-02T12:05:08+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-02T10:05:08Z", "ms": 878465107944.0488 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 13:21 on Sat 1 Nov to 14:15 on Sun 2 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-01T11:21:23Z → 1997-11-02T12:15:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 1st, 11:17–12:05 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 4575 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1997 falls on Sunday 2 November. Dvitīyā runs from 13:21 on Sat 1 Nov to 14:15 on Sun 2 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9471, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-11-03T14:42:59+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-03T12:42:59Z", "ms": 878560979025.4932 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-04T14:45:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-04T12:45:50Z", "ms": 878647550264.3795 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-03T14:42:59+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-03T12:42:59Z", "ms": 878560979025.4932 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-04T14:45:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-04T12:45:50Z", "ms": 878647550264.3795 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-03T11:17:08+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-03T09:17:08Z", "ms": 878548628019.9753 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-03T12:05:08+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-03T10:05:08Z", "ms": 878551508019.9753 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-04T11:17:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-04T09:17:09Z", "ms": 878635028907.3274 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-04T12:05:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-04T10:05:09Z", "ms": 878637908907.3274 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:43 on Mon 3 Nov to 14:46 on Tue 4 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-03T12:42:59Z → 1997-11-04T12:45:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 3rd, 11:17–12:05 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9471 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Nāga Caturthī 1997 falls on Tuesday 4 November. Caturthī runs from 14:43 on Mon 3 Nov to 14:46 on Tue 4 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-11-04", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9471, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-11-03T14:42:59+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-03T12:42:59Z", "ms": 878560979025.4932 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-04T14:45:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-04T12:45:50Z", "ms": 878647550264.3795 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-03T14:42:59+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-03T12:42:59Z", "ms": 878560979025.4932 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-04T14:45:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-04T12:45:50Z", "ms": 878647550264.3795 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-03T11:17:08+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-03T09:17:08Z", "ms": 878548628019.9753 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-03T12:05:08+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-03T10:05:08Z", "ms": 878551508019.9753 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-04T11:17:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-04T09:17:09Z", "ms": 878635028907.3274 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-04T12:05:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-04T10:05:09Z", "ms": 878637908907.3274 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:43 on Mon 3 Nov to 14:46 on Tue 4 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-03T12:42:59Z → 1997-11-04T12:45:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 3rd, 11:17–12:05 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9471 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1997 falls on Tuesday 4 November. Caturthī runs from 14:43 on Mon 3 Nov to 14:46 on Tue 4 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-11-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5584, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1997-11-05T14:24:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-05T12:24:14Z", "ms": 878732654254.4473 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-06T13:38:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-06T11:38:17Z", "ms": 878816297135.7115 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-05T14:24:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-05T12:24:14Z", "ms": 878732654254.4473 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-06T13:38:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-06T11:38:17Z", "ms": 878816297135.7115 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-05T11:17:11+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-05T09:17:11Z", "ms": 878721430609.9563 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-05T12:05:11+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-05T10:05:11Z", "ms": 878724310609.9563 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-06T11:17:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-06T09:17:13Z", "ms": 878807833131.3148 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-06T12:05:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-06T10:05:13Z", "ms": 878810713131.3148 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:24 on Wed 5 Nov to 13:38 on Thu 6 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-05T12:24:14Z → 1997-11-06T11:38:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 5th, 11:17–12:05 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5584 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1997 falls on Thursday 6 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:24 on Wed 5 Nov to 13:38 on Thu 6 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1353, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1997-11-07T12:27:49+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-07T10:27:49Z", "ms": 878898469216.5574 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-08T10:52:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-08T08:52:50Z", "ms": 878979170105.0822 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-07T12:27:49+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-07T10:27:49Z", "ms": 878898469216.5574 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-08T10:52:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-08T08:52:50Z", "ms": 878979170105.0822 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-07T11:17:16+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-07T09:17:16Z", "ms": 878894236474.629 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-07T12:05:16+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-07T10:05:16Z", "ms": 878897116474.629 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-08T11:17:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-08T09:17:21Z", "ms": 878980640643.0789 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-08T12:05:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-08T10:05:21Z", "ms": 878983520643.0789 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 12:28 on Fri 7 Nov to 10:53 on Sat 8 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-07T10:27:49Z → 1997-11-08T08:52:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 7th, 11:17–12:05 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 1353 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Gopāṣṭamī 1997 falls on Saturday 8 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 12:28 on Fri 7 Nov to 10:53 on Sat 8 Nov, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1471, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1997-11-08T10:52:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-08T08:52:50Z", "ms": 878979170105.0822 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-09T08:54:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-09T06:54:00Z", "ms": 879058440113.6542 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-08T10:52:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-08T08:52:50Z", "ms": 878979170105.0822 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-09T08:54:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-09T06:54:00Z", "ms": 879058440113.6542 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-08T11:17:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-08T09:17:21Z", "ms": 878980640643.0789 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-08T12:05:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-08T10:05:21Z", "ms": 878983520643.0789 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-09T11:17:26+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-09T09:17:26Z", "ms": 879067045639.9712 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-09T12:05:26+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-09T10:05:26Z", "ms": 879069925639.9712 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 10:53 on Sat 8 Nov to 08:54 on Sun 9 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-08T08:52:50Z → 1997-11-09T06:54:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 8th, 11:17–12:05 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1471 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Durgā Navamī 1997 falls on Saturday 8 November. Navamī runs from 10:53 on Sat 8 Nov to 08:54 on Sun 9 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2702, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1997-11-08T10:52:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-08T08:52:50Z", "ms": 878979170105.0822 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-09T08:54:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-09T06:54:00Z", "ms": 879058440113.6542 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-08T10:52:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-08T08:52:50Z", "ms": 878979170105.0822 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-09T08:54:00+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-09T06:54:00Z", "ms": 879058440113.6542 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-08T07:00:42+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-08T05:00:42Z", "ms": 878965242196.5051 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-08T10:07:48+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-08T08:07:48Z", "ms": 878976467827.5543 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 187, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-09T07:02:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-09T05:02:23Z", "ms": 879051743449.3335 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-09T10:08:25+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-09T08:08:25Z", "ms": 879062904909.7587 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 186, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 10:53 on Sat 8 Nov to 08:54 on Sun 9 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-08T08:52:50Z → 1997-11-09T06:54:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:01–10:08 on the 8th, 07:02–10:08 on the 9th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 187 minutes on the 8th and 112 of 186 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2702 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Kyiv, 1997: Sunday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1997 falls on Sunday 9 November. Navamī runs from 10:53 on Sat 8 Nov to 08:54 on Sun 9 Nov and covers 112 of 186 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-11-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1855, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-11-10T06:33:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-10T04:33:09Z", "ms": 879136389489.9294 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-11T03:53:39+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-11T01:53:39Z", "ms": 879213218901.965 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-10T06:33:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-10T04:33:09Z", "ms": 879136389489.9294 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-11T03:53:39+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-11T01:53:39Z", "ms": 879213218901.965 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-10T07:04:04+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-10T05:04:04Z", "ms": 879138244442.1012 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-10T07:04:04+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-10T05:04:04Z", "ms": 879138244442.1012 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-11T07:05:45+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-11T05:05:45Z", "ms": 879224745128.7512 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-11T07:05:45+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-11T05:05:45Z", "ms": 879224745128.7512 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:33 on Mon 10 Nov to 03:54 on Tue 11 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-10T04:33:09Z → 1997-11-11T01:53:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:04 on the 10th and 07:06 on the 11th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1855 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Monday 10 November. Ekādaśī runs from 06:33 on Mon 10 Nov to 03:54 on Tue 11 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-11-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-11-12", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13503, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-11-12T01:00:28+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-11T23:00:28Z", "ms": 879289228124.4172 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-12T22:00:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-12T20:00:13Z", "ms": 879364813251.3967 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-12T01:00:28+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-11T23:00:28Z", "ms": 879289228124.4172 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-12T22:00:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-12T20:00:13Z", "ms": 879364813251.3967 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-11T16:17:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-11T14:17:31Z", "ms": 879257851138.697 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-11T18:16:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-11T16:16:10Z", "ms": 879264970381.9535 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 119, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-12T16:16:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-12T14:16:06Z", "ms": 879344165814.2893 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-12T18:15:10+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-12T16:15:10Z", "ms": 879351309758.8732 } }, "covered_min": 119, "window_min": 119, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:00 on Wed 12 Nov to 22:00 on Wed 12 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-11T23:00:28Z → 1997-11-12T20:00:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:18–18:16 on the 11th, 16:16–18:15 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 119 minutes on the 11th and 119 of 119 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13503 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Wednesday 12 November. Trayodaśī runs from 01:00 on Wed 12 Nov to 22:00 on Wed 12 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-11-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15469, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-11-13T19:00:55+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-13T17:00:55Z", "ms": 879440454554.6715 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-14T16:11:37+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-14T14:11:37Z", "ms": 879516696925.4808 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-13T19:00:55+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-13T17:00:55Z", "ms": 879440454554.6715 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-14T16:11:37+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-14T14:11:37Z", "ms": 879516696925.4808 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-13T23:18:44+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-13T21:18:44Z", "ms": 879455923732.6887 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-14T00:06:44+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-13T22:06:44Z", "ms": 879458803732.6887 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-14T23:18:53+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-14T21:18:53Z", "ms": 879542332682.5874 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-15T00:06:53+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-14T22:06:53Z", "ms": 879545212682.5874 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:01 on Thu 13 Nov to 16:12 on Fri 14 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-13T17:00:55Z → 1997-11-14T14:11:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:19–00:07 on the 13th, 23:19–00:07 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15469 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rāsayātrā 1997 falls on Thursday 13 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:01 on Thu 13 Nov to 16:12 on Fri 14 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14734, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-11-13T19:00:55+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-13T17:00:55Z", "ms": 879440454554.6715 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-14T16:11:37+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-14T14:11:37Z", "ms": 879516696925.4808 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-13T19:00:55+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-13T17:00:55Z", "ms": 879440454554.6715 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-14T16:11:37+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-14T14:11:37Z", "ms": 879516696925.4808 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-13T11:17:54+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-13T09:17:54Z", "ms": 879412673988.1094 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-13T12:05:54+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-13T10:05:54Z", "ms": 879415553988.1094 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-14T11:18:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-14T09:18:03Z", "ms": 879499083185.9329 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-14T12:06:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-14T10:06:03Z", "ms": 879501963185.9329 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:01 on Thu 13 Nov to 16:12 on Fri 14 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-13T17:00:55Z → 1997-11-14T14:11:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:18–12:06 on the 13th, 11:18–12:06 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14734 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1997 falls on Friday 14 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:01 on Thu 13 Nov to 16:12 on Fri 14 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-11-17", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31353, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-11-17T10:20:24+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-17T08:20:24Z", "ms": 879754823717.2231 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-18T09:44:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-18T07:44:31Z", "ms": 879839071056.5789 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-17T10:20:24+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-17T08:20:24Z", "ms": 879754823717.2231 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-18T09:44:31+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-18T07:44:31Z", "ms": 879839071056.5789 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-17T19:02:57+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-17T17:02:57Z", "ms": 879786176546.0099 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-17T19:02:57+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-17T17:02:57Z", "ms": 879786176546.0099 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-18T20:00:20+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-18T18:00:20Z", "ms": 879876020020.9352 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-18T20:00:20+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-18T18:00:20Z", "ms": 879876020020.9352 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:20 on Mon 17 Nov to 09:45 on Tue 18 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-17T08:20:24Z → 1997-11-18T07:44:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:03 on the 17th and 20:00 on the 18th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 17th and is not on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31353 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Monday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1997 falls on Monday 17 November. Caturthī runs from 10:20 on Mon 17 Nov to 09:45 on Tue 18 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-11-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-11-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-11-24T20:36:39+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-24T18:36:39Z", "ms": 880396599031.4688 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-25T23:07:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-25T21:07:27Z", "ms": 880492046979.0013 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-24T20:36:39+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-24T18:36:39Z", "ms": 880396599031.4688 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-25T23:07:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-25T21:07:27Z", "ms": 880492046979.0013 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-25T07:28:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-25T05:28:13Z", "ms": 880435693478.4987 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-25T07:28:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-25T05:28:13Z", "ms": 880435693478.4987 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-26T07:29:43+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-26T05:29:43Z", "ms": 880522182893.2314 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-26T07:29:43+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-26T05:29:43Z", "ms": 880522182893.2314 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:37 on Mon 24 Nov to 23:07 on Tue 25 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-24T18:36:39Z → 1997-11-25T21:07:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:28 on the 25th and 07:30 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30136 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Tuesday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Tuesday 25 November. Ekādaśī runs from 20:37 on Mon 24 Nov to 23:07 on Tue 25 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-11-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-11-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25758, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-11-27T01:13:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-26T23:13:41Z", "ms": 880586020522.5233 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-28T02:48:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-28T00:48:03Z", "ms": 880678082630.2781 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-27T01:13:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-26T23:13:41Z", "ms": 880586020522.5233 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-28T02:48:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-28T00:48:03Z", "ms": 880678082630.2781 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-26T16:00:16+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-26T14:00:16Z", "ms": 880552815600.5522 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-26T18:04:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-26T16:04:23Z", "ms": 880560262986.5116 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 124, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-27T15:59:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-27T13:59:27Z", "ms": 880639167299.0863 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-27T18:03:53+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-27T16:03:53Z", "ms": 880646632686.2236 } }, "covered_min": 124, "window_min": 124, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:14 on Thu 27 Nov to 02:48 on Fri 28 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-26T23:13:41Z → 1997-11-28T00:48:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:00–18:04 on the 26th, 15:59–18:04 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 124 minutes on the 26th and 124 of 124 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25758 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Thursday 27 November. Trayodaśī runs from 01:14 on Thu 27 Nov to 02:48 on Fri 28 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-11-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-11-28", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9480, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-11-28T02:48:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-28T00:48:03Z", "ms": 880678082630.2781 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-29T03:47:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-29T01:47:50Z", "ms": 880768069907.2701 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-11-28T02:48:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-28T00:48:03Z", "ms": 880678082630.2781 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-29T03:47:50+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-29T01:47:50Z", "ms": 880768069907.2701 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-27T23:22:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-27T21:22:03Z", "ms": 880665722500.8513 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-28T00:10:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-27T22:10:03Z", "ms": 880668602500.8513 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-11-28T23:22:22+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-28T21:22:22Z", "ms": 880752142398.0691 }, "end": { "local": "1997-11-29T00:10:22+02:00", "utc": "1997-11-28T22:10:22Z", "ms": 880755022398.0691 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:48 on Fri 28 Nov to 03:48 on Sat 29 Nov.", "fact": "1997-11-28T00:48:03Z → 1997-11-29T01:47:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:22–00:10 on the 27th, 23:22–00:10 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9480 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1997 falls on Friday 28 November. Caturdaśī runs from 02:48 on Fri 28 Nov to 03:48 on Sat 29 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-12-03", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30834, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-12-03T02:49:40+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-03T00:49:40Z", "ms": 881110179569.5718 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-04T01:42:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-03T23:42:18Z", "ms": 881192537852.6089 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-03T02:49:40+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-03T00:49:40Z", "ms": 881110179569.5718 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-04T01:42:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-03T23:42:18Z", "ms": 881192537852.6089 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-03T11:23:33+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-03T09:23:33Z", "ms": 881141013210.0225 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-03T12:11:33+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-03T10:11:33Z", "ms": 881143893210.0225 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-04T11:23:58+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T09:23:58Z", "ms": 881227437766.4956 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-04T12:11:58+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T10:11:58Z", "ms": 881230317766.4956 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:50 on Wed 3 Dec to 01:42 on Thu 4 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-03T00:49:40Z → 1997-12-03T23:42:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:24–12:12 on the 3rd, 11:24–12:12 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30834 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 3 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1997 falls on Wednesday 3 December. Caturthī runs from 02:50 on Wed 3 Dec to 01:42 on Thu 4 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1997-12-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34900, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1997-12-04T01:42:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-03T23:42:18Z", "ms": 881192537852.6089 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-05T00:21:15+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T22:21:15Z", "ms": 881274074717.7842 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-04T01:42:18+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-03T23:42:18Z", "ms": 881192537852.6089 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-05T00:21:15+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T22:21:15Z", "ms": 881274074717.7842 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-04T11:23:58+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T09:23:58Z", "ms": 881227437766.4956 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-04T12:11:58+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T10:11:58Z", "ms": 881230317766.4956 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-05T11:24:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T09:24:23Z", "ms": 881313862882.9939 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-05T12:12:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T10:12:23Z", "ms": 881316742882.9939 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 01:42 on Thu 4 Dec to 00:21 on Fri 5 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-03T23:42:18Z → 1997-12-04T22:21:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:24–12:12 on the 4th, 11:24–12:12 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34900 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 4 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1997 falls on Thursday 4 December. Pañcamī runs from 01:42 on Thu 4 Dec to 00:21 on Fri 5 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38164, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1997-12-05T00:21:15+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T22:21:15Z", "ms": 881274074717.7842 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-05T22:48:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T20:48:27Z", "ms": 881354906503.9176 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-05T00:21:15+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T22:21:15Z", "ms": 881274074717.7842 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-05T22:48:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T20:48:27Z", "ms": 881354906503.9176 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-04T11:23:58+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T09:23:58Z", "ms": 881227437766.4956 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-04T12:11:58+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T10:11:58Z", "ms": 881230317766.4956 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-05T11:24:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T09:24:23Z", "ms": 881313862882.9939 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-05T12:12:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T10:12:23Z", "ms": 881316742882.9939 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 00:21 on Fri 5 Dec to 22:48 on Fri 5 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-04T22:21:15Z → 1997-12-05T20:48:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:24–12:12 on the 4th, 11:24–12:12 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38164 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1997 falls on Friday 5 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 00:21 on Fri 5 Dec to 22:48 on Fri 5 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38164, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1997-12-05T00:21:15+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T22:21:15Z", "ms": 881274074717.7842 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-05T22:48:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T20:48:27Z", "ms": 881354906503.9176 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-05T00:21:15+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T22:21:15Z", "ms": 881274074717.7842 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-05T22:48:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T20:48:27Z", "ms": 881354906503.9176 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-04T11:23:58+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T09:23:58Z", "ms": 881227437766.4956 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-04T12:11:58+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-04T10:11:58Z", "ms": 881230317766.4956 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-05T11:24:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T09:24:23Z", "ms": 881313862882.9939 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-05T12:12:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T10:12:23Z", "ms": 881316742882.9939 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 00:21 on Fri 5 Dec to 22:48 on Fri 5 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-04T22:21:15Z → 1997-12-05T20:48:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:24–12:12 on the 4th, 11:24–12:12 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 38164 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Kyiv, 1997: Friday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1997 falls on Friday 5 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 00:21 on Fri 5 Dec to 22:48 on Fri 5 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31926, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1997-12-05T22:48:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T20:48:27Z", "ms": 881354906503.9176 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-06T21:04:54+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-06T19:04:54Z", "ms": 881435094290.2583 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-05T22:48:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T20:48:27Z", "ms": 881354906503.9176 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-06T21:04:54+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-06T19:04:54Z", "ms": 881435094290.2583 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-05T11:24:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T09:24:23Z", "ms": 881313862882.9939 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-05T12:12:23+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-05T10:12:23Z", "ms": 881316742882.9939 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-06T11:24:49+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-06T09:24:49Z", "ms": 881400288531.3872 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-06T12:12:49+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-06T10:12:49Z", "ms": 881403168531.3872 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 22:48 on Fri 5 Dec to 21:05 on Sat 6 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-05T20:48:27Z → 1997-12-06T19:04:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:24–12:12 on the 5th, 11:25–12:13 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 31926 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 6 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mitra Saptamī 1997 falls on Saturday 6 December. Saptamī runs from 22:48 on Fri 5 Dec to 21:05 on Sat 6 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-12-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17623, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-12-09T14:57:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-09T12:57:14Z", "ms": 881672233601.738 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-10T12:41:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-10T10:41:21Z", "ms": 881750481279.9938 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-09T14:57:14+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-09T12:57:14Z", "ms": 881672233601.738 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-10T12:41:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-10T10:41:21Z", "ms": 881750481279.9938 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-09T07:46:35+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-09T05:46:35Z", "ms": 881646395124.0186 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-09T07:46:35+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-09T05:46:35Z", "ms": 881646395124.0186 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-10T07:47:38+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-10T05:47:38Z", "ms": 881732858499.6544 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-10T07:47:38+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-10T05:47:38Z", "ms": 881732858499.6544 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:57 on Tue 9 Dec to 12:41 on Wed 10 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-09T12:57:14Z → 1997-12-10T10:41:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:47 on the 9th and 07:48 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17623 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 10 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Wednesday 10 December. Ekādaśī runs from 14:57 on Tue 9 Dec to 12:41 on Wed 10 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-12-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1605, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-12-10T12:41:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-10T10:41:21Z", "ms": 881750481279.9938 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-11T10:24:54+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-11T08:24:54Z", "ms": 881828693847.8536 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-10T12:41:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-10T10:41:21Z", "ms": 881750481279.9938 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-11T10:24:54+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-11T08:24:54Z", "ms": 881828693847.8536 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-10T11:26:36+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-10T09:26:36Z", "ms": 881745995888.2053 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-10T12:14:36+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-10T10:14:36Z", "ms": 881748875888.2053 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-11T11:27:04+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-11T09:27:04Z", "ms": 881832423782.5911 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-11T12:15:04+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-11T10:15:04Z", "ms": 881835303782.5911 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 12:41 on Wed 10 Dec to 10:25 on Thu 11 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-10T10:41:21Z → 1997-12-11T08:24:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 10th, 11:27–12:15 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 1605 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 11 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1997 falls on Thursday 11 December. Dvādaśī runs from 12:41 on Wed 10 Dec to 10:25 on Thu 11 Dec, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-12-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19714, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-12-11T10:24:54+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-11T08:24:54Z", "ms": 881828693847.8536 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-12T08:13:46+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-12T06:13:46Z", "ms": 881907225851.1697 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-11T10:24:54+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-11T08:24:54Z", "ms": 881828693847.8536 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-12T08:13:46+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-12T06:13:46Z", "ms": 881907225851.1697 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-11T15:53:28+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-11T13:53:28Z", "ms": 881848408147.517 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-11T18:00:57+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-11T16:00:57Z", "ms": 881856057436.1882 } }, "covered_min": 127, "window_min": 127, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-12T15:53:26+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-12T13:53:26Z", "ms": 881934806279.4131 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-12T18:01:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-12T16:01:03Z", "ms": 881942463258.3993 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 128, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:25 on Thu 11 Dec to 08:14 on Fri 12 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-11T08:24:54Z → 1997-12-12T06:13:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 15:53–18:01 on the 11th, 15:53–18:01 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 127 of 127 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 128 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19714 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 11 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Thursday 11 December. Trayodaśī runs from 10:25 on Thu 11 Dec to 08:14 on Fri 12 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-12-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34699, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1997-12-13T06:15:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-13T04:15:09Z", "ms": 881986509032.0474 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-14T04:37:05+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-14T02:37:05Z", "ms": 882067025349.626 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-13T06:15:09+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-13T04:15:09Z", "ms": 881986509032.0474 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-14T04:37:05+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-14T02:37:05Z", "ms": 882067025349.626 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-13T15:53:28+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-13T13:53:28Z", "ms": 882021207682.1246 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-13T18:01:12+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-13T16:01:12Z", "ms": 882028871562.5757 } }, "covered_min": 128, "window_min": 128, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-14T15:53:32+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-14T13:53:32Z", "ms": 882107612362.0215 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-14T18:01:22+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-14T16:01:22Z", "ms": 882115282346.5455 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 128, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:15 on Sat 13 Dec to 04:37 on Sun 14 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-13T04:15:09Z → 1997-12-14T02:37:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 15:53–18:01 on the 13th, 15:54–18:01 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 128 of 128 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 128 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34699 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 13 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1997 falls on Saturday 13 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:15 on Sat 13 Dec to 04:37 on Sun 14 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-12-17", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29510, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1997-12-17T03:03:45+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-17T01:03:45Z", "ms": 882320624581.5117 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-18T03:57:16+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-18T01:57:16Z", "ms": 882410236282.9065 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-17T03:03:45+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-17T01:03:45Z", "ms": 882320624581.5117 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-18T03:57:16+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-18T01:57:16Z", "ms": 882410236282.9065 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-16T18:43:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-16T16:43:13Z", "ms": 882290592633.0593 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-16T18:43:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-16T16:43:13Z", "ms": 882290592633.0593 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-17T19:45:26+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-17T17:45:26Z", "ms": 882380726375.5883 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-17T19:45:26+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-17T17:45:26Z", "ms": 882380726375.5883 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:04 on Wed 17 Dec to 03:57 on Thu 18 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-17T01:03:45Z → 1997-12-18T01:57:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 18:43 on the 16th and 19:45 on the 17th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 16th and is on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29510 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1997: Wednesday 17 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1997 falls on Wednesday 17 December. Caturthī runs from 03:04 on Wed 17 Dec to 03:57 on Thu 18 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1997-12-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-12-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35467, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-12-24T17:48:48+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-24T15:48:48Z", "ms": 882978528319.9481 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-25T19:23:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-25T17:23:13Z", "ms": 883070593223.0121 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-24T17:48:48+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-24T15:48:48Z", "ms": 882978528319.9481 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-25T19:23:13+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-25T17:23:13Z", "ms": 883070593223.0121 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-24T07:57:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-24T05:57:41Z", "ms": 882943061400.3604 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-24T07:57:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-24T05:57:41Z", "ms": 882943061400.3604 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-25T07:58:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-25T05:58:02Z", "ms": 883029482206.8016 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-25T07:58:02+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-25T05:58:02Z", "ms": 883029482206.8016 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:49 on Wed 24 Dec to 19:23 on Thu 25 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-24T15:48:48Z → 1997-12-25T17:23:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:58 on the 24th and 07:58 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35467 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1997: Thursday 25 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1997 falls on Thursday 25 December. Ekādaśī runs from 17:49 on Wed 24 Dec to 19:23 on Thu 25 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/ekadashi?on=1997-12-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-12-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7777, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-12-26T20:16:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-26T18:16:17Z", "ms": 883160176725.3695 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-27T20:27:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-27T18:27:03Z", "ms": 883247223263.3816 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-26T20:16:17+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-26T18:16:17Z", "ms": 883160176725.3695 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-27T20:27:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-27T18:27:03Z", "ms": 883247223263.3816 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-26T15:58:41+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-26T13:58:41Z", "ms": 883144720783.7444 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-26T18:06:40+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-26T16:06:40Z", "ms": 883152399922.1622 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 128, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1997-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-27T15:59:27+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-27T13:59:27Z", "ms": 883231166702.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-27T18:07:21+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-27T16:07:21Z", "ms": 883238841220.7655 } }, "covered_min": 128, "window_min": 128, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:16 on Fri 26 Dec to 20:27 on Sat 27 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-26T18:16:17Z → 1997-12-27T18:27:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 15:59–18:07 on the 26th, 15:59–18:07 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 128 minutes on the 26th and 128 of 128 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7777 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 27 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1997 falls on Saturday 27 December. Trayodaśī runs from 20:16 on Fri 26 Dec to 20:27 on Sat 27 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/pradosha-vrata?on=1997-12-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-12-27", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1997, "local_date": "1997-12-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11283, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1997-12-27T20:27:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-27T18:27:03Z", "ms": 883247223263.3816 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-28T19:58:35+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-28T17:58:35Z", "ms": 883331914924.1647 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1997-12-27T20:27:03+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-27T18:27:03Z", "ms": 883247223263.3816 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-28T19:58:35+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-28T17:58:35Z", "ms": 883331914924.1647 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1997-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-27T23:35:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-27T21:35:06Z", "ms": 883258506146.8301 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-28T00:23:06+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-27T22:23:06Z", "ms": 883261386146.8301 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1997-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1997-12-28T23:35:35+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-28T21:35:35Z", "ms": 883344934586.9077 }, "end": { "local": "1997-12-29T00:23:35+02:00", "utc": "1997-12-28T22:23:35Z", "ms": 883347814586.9077 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:27 on Sat 27 Dec to 19:59 on Sun 28 Dec.", "fact": "1997-12-27T18:27:03Z → 1997-12-28T17:58:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:35–00:23 on the 27th, 23:36–00:24 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11283 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1997: Saturday 27 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1997-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1997 falls on Saturday 27 December. Caturdaśī runs from 20:27 on Sat 27 Dec to 19:59 on Sun 28 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1997/shivaratri?on=1997-12-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }