{ "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998", "place": { "id": "703448", "slug": "kyiv", "name": "Kyiv", "region": "Kyiv City, Ukraine", "country": "UA", "lat": 50.45466, "lon": 30.5238, "elevation_m": 187, "tz": "Europe/Kyiv" }, "year": 1998, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-01-02", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-02", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 252, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-01-01T13:40:08+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-01T11:40:08Z", "ms": 883654808055.4141 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-02T11:33:46+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-02T09:33:46Z", "ms": 883733625708.3112 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-01-01T13:40:08+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-01T11:40:08Z", "ms": 883654808055.4141 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-02T11:33:46+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-02T09:33:46Z", "ms": 883733625708.3112 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-01T11:37:29+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-01T09:37:29Z", "ms": 883647448520.5505 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-01T12:25:29+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-01T10:25:29Z", "ms": 883650328520.5505 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-01-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-02T11:37:57+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-02T09:37:57Z", "ms": 883733877267.741 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-02T12:25:57+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-02T10:25:57Z", "ms": 883736757267.741 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:40 on Thu 1 Jan to 11:34 on Fri 2 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-01T11:40:08Z → 1998-01-02T09:33:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 1st, 11:38–12:26 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 252 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 2 January.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-02", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1998 falls on Friday 2 January. Caturthī runs from 13:40 on Thu 1 Jan to 11:34 on Fri 2 Jan, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day. It is 4 min 12 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-01-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-01-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29267, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-01-07T23:49:30+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-07T21:49:30Z", "ms": 884209770012.2968 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-08T22:19:06+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-08T20:19:06Z", "ms": 884290745666.4689 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-01-07T23:49:30+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-07T21:49:30Z", "ms": 884209770012.2968 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-08T22:19:06+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-08T20:19:06Z", "ms": 884290745666.4689 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-08T07:57:17+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-08T05:57:17Z", "ms": 884239036838.0089 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-08T07:57:17+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-08T05:57:17Z", "ms": 884239036838.0089 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-09T07:56:50+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-09T05:56:50Z", "ms": 884325409652.1608 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-09T07:56:50+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-09T05:56:50Z", "ms": 884325409652.1608 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:50 on Wed 7 Jan to 22:19 on Thu 8 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-07T21:49:30Z → 1998-01-08T20:19:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:57 on the 8th and 07:57 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29267 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Putradā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Thursday 8 January. Ekādaśī runs from 23:50 on Wed 7 Jan to 22:19 on Thu 8 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-01-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6282, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-01-09T21:02:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-09T19:02:49Z", "ms": 884372569300.5115 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-10T20:04:54+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-10T18:04:54Z", "ms": 884455493726.7694 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-01-09T21:02:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-09T19:02:49Z", "ms": 884372569300.5115 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-10T20:04:54+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-10T18:04:54Z", "ms": 884455493726.7694 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-09T16:13:23+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-09T14:13:23Z", "ms": 884355203188.6803 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-09T18:19:07+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-09T16:19:07Z", "ms": 884362746681.4149 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 126, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-01-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-10T16:14:43+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-10T14:14:43Z", "ms": 884441683393.3677 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-10T18:20:12+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-10T16:20:12Z", "ms": 884449211750.4059 } }, "covered_min": 125, "window_min": 125, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:03 on Fri 9 Jan to 20:05 on Sat 10 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-09T19:02:49Z → 1998-01-10T18:04:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:13–18:19 on the 9th, 16:15–18:20 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 126 minutes on the 9th and 125 of 125 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6282 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 10 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Saturday 10 January. Trayodaśī runs from 21:03 on Fri 9 Jan to 20:05 on Sat 10 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-01-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32615, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1998-01-14T07:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z", "ms": 884755007700.2345 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-12T20:14:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-12T18:14:49Z", "ms": 887307289013.9515 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1998-01-14T07:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z", "ms": 884755007700.2345 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-14T07:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z", "ms": 884755007700.2345 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-13T16:18:55+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-13T14:18:55Z", "ms": 884701134993.9879 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-14T16:20:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T14:20:22Z", "ms": 884787622266.7775 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-14T16:20:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T14:20:22Z", "ms": 884787622266.7775 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-15T16:21:51+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-15T14:21:51Z", "ms": 884874111114.7155 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1998-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 07:17 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 16:20, and the day of the 15th ends at 16:22.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 32615 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1998-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1998-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Bhogi 1998 falls on Tuesday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 07:17 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 12 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32615, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1998-01-14T07:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z", "ms": 884755007700.2345 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-12T20:14:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-12T18:14:49Z", "ms": 887307289013.9515 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1998-01-14T07:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z", "ms": 884755007700.2345 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-14T07:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z", "ms": 884755007700.2345 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-13T16:18:55+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-13T14:18:55Z", "ms": 884701134993.9879 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-14T16:20:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T14:20:22Z", "ms": 884787622266.7775 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-14T16:20:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T14:20:22Z", "ms": 884787622266.7775 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-15T16:21:51+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-15T14:21:51Z", "ms": 884874111114.7155 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 07:17 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 16:20, and the day of the 15th ends at 16:22.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 32615 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1998-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1998-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Pongal 1998 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 07:17 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26208, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1998-01-14T07:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z", "ms": 884755007700.2345 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-12T20:14:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-12T18:14:49Z", "ms": 887307289013.9515 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1998-01-14T07:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z", "ms": 884755007700.2345 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-14T07:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z", "ms": 884755007700.2345 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-13T00:00:00+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-12T22:00:00Z", "ms": 884642400000 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-14T00:00:00+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-13T22:00:00Z", "ms": 884728800000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-14T00:00:00+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-13T22:00:00Z", "ms": 884728800000 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-15T00:00:00+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T22:00:00Z", "ms": 884815200000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 07:17 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Kyiv.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Europe/Kyiv" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 26208 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1998-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1998-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Makara Saṅkrānti 1998 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 07:17 on Wed 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32615, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1998-01-14T07:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z", "ms": 884755007700.2345 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-12T20:14:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-12T18:14:49Z", "ms": 887307289013.9515 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1998-01-14T07:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z", "ms": 884755007700.2345 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-14T07:16:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z", "ms": 884755007700.2345 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-13T16:18:55+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-13T14:18:55Z", "ms": 884701134993.9879 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-14T16:20:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T14:20:22Z", "ms": 884787622266.7775 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-14T16:20:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-14T14:20:22Z", "ms": 884787622266.7775 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-15T16:21:51+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-15T14:21:51Z", "ms": 884874111114.7155 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1998-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 07:17 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-14T05:16:48Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 16:20, and the day of the 15th ends at 16:22.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 32615 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1998-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1998-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mattu Pongal 1998 falls on Thursday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 07:17 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-01-16", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10313, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-01-15T22:27:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-15T20:27:37Z", "ms": 884896057474.9648 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-17T00:35:34+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-16T22:35:34Z", "ms": 884990133576.6034 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-01-15T22:27:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-15T20:27:37Z", "ms": 884896057474.9648 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-17T00:35:34+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-16T22:35:34Z", "ms": 884990133576.6034 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-15T19:35:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-15T17:35:45Z", "ms": 884885744604.6089 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-15T19:35:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-15T17:35:45Z", "ms": 884885744604.6089 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-01-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-16T20:38:41+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-16T18:38:41Z", "ms": 884975921146.3763 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-16T20:38:41+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-16T18:38:41Z", "ms": 884975921146.3763 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:28 on Thu 15 Jan to 00:36 on Sat 17 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-15T20:27:37Z → 1998-01-16T22:35:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:36 on the 15th and 20:39 on the 16th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10313 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 16 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1998 falls on Friday 16 January. Caturthī runs from 22:28 on Thu 15 Jan to 00:36 on Sat 17 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-01-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-01-24", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21047, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-01-23T13:36:11+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-23T11:36:11Z", "ms": 885555371121.6476 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-24T13:52:57+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-24T11:52:57Z", "ms": 885642777132.4196 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-01-23T13:36:11+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-23T11:36:11Z", "ms": 885555371121.6476 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-24T13:52:57+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-24T11:52:57Z", "ms": 885642777132.4196 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-23T07:45:25+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-23T05:45:25Z", "ms": 885534324609.103 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-23T07:45:25+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-23T05:45:25Z", "ms": 885534324609.103 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-24T07:44:16+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-24T05:44:16Z", "ms": 885620655790.3104 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-24T07:44:16+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-24T05:44:16Z", "ms": 885620655790.3104 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:36 on Fri 23 Jan to 13:53 on Sat 24 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-23T11:36:11Z → 1998-01-24T11:52:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:45 on the 23rd and 07:44 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21047 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Saturday 24 January. Ekādaśī runs from 13:36 on Fri 23 Jan to 13:53 on Sat 24 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-01-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-01-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11705, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-01-25T13:22:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-25T11:22:45Z", "ms": 885727364850.8756 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-26T12:09:25+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-26T10:09:25Z", "ms": 885809364677.783 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-01-25T13:22:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-25T11:22:45Z", "ms": 885727364850.8756 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-26T12:09:25+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-26T10:09:25Z", "ms": 885809364677.783 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-25T16:37:50+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-25T14:37:50Z", "ms": 885739069511.8708 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-25T18:38:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-25T16:38:22Z", "ms": 885746301716.4619 } }, "covered_min": 121, "window_min": 121, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-26T16:39:31+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-26T14:39:31Z", "ms": 885825570706.9841 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-26T18:39:39+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-26T16:39:39Z", "ms": 885832779309 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 120, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:23 on Sun 25 Jan to 12:09 on Mon 26 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-25T11:22:45Z → 1998-01-26T10:09:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:38–18:38 on the 25th, 16:40–18:40 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 121 of 121 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 120 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11705 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Sunday 25 January. Trayodaśī runs from 13:23 on Sun 25 Jan to 12:09 on Mon 26 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-01-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-01-26", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35123, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-01-26T12:09:25+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-26T10:09:25Z", "ms": 885809364677.783 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-27T10:19:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-27T08:19:26Z", "ms": 885889165919.7421 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-01-26T12:09:25+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-26T10:09:25Z", "ms": 885809364677.783 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-27T10:19:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-27T08:19:26Z", "ms": 885889165919.7421 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-25T23:45:50+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-25T21:45:50Z", "ms": 885764750279.0875 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-26T00:33:50+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-25T22:33:50Z", "ms": 885767630279.0875 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-26T23:46:03+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-26T21:46:03Z", "ms": 885851162964.5436 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-27T00:34:03+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-26T22:34:03Z", "ms": 885854042964.5436 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:09 on Mon 26 Jan to 10:19 on Tue 27 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-26T10:09:25Z → 1998-01-27T08:19:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:46–00:34 on the 25th, 23:46–00:34 on the 26th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35123 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 26 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1998 falls on Monday 26 January. Caturdaśī runs from 12:09 on Mon 26 Jan to 10:19 on Tue 27 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-01-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9531, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-01-26T12:09:25+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-26T10:09:25Z", "ms": 885809364677.783 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-27T10:19:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-27T08:19:26Z", "ms": 885889165919.7421 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-01-26T12:09:25+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-26T10:09:25Z", "ms": 885809364677.783 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-27T10:19:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-27T08:19:26Z", "ms": 885889165919.7421 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-26T05:41:19+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-26T03:41:19Z", "ms": 885786078841.7131 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-26T07:41:51+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-26T05:41:51Z", "ms": 885793311046.3042 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 121, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-27T05:40:27+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-27T03:40:27Z", "ms": 885872426620.0872 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-27T07:40:35+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-27T05:40:35Z", "ms": 885879635222.103 } }, "covered_min": 120, "window_min": 120, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:09 on Mon 26 Jan to 10:19 on Tue 27 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-26T10:09:25Z → 1998-01-27T08:19:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:41–07:42 on the 26th, 05:40–07:41 on the 27th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 121 minutes on the 26th and 120 of 120 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9531 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 27 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Yama Tarpaṇa 1998 falls on Tuesday 27 January. Caturdaśī runs from 12:09 on Mon 26 Jan to 10:19 on Tue 27 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29714, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-01-30T23:39:36+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-30T21:39:36Z", "ms": 886196375689.5344 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-31T20:50:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T18:50:52Z", "ms": 886272652199.3063 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-01-30T23:39:36+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-30T21:39:36Z", "ms": 886196375689.5344 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-31T20:50:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T18:50:52Z", "ms": 886272652199.3063 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-30T11:47:28+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-30T09:47:28Z", "ms": 886153648093.0891 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-30T12:35:28+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-30T10:35:28Z", "ms": 886156528093.0891 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-31T11:47:38+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T09:47:38Z", "ms": 886240057830.016 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-31T12:35:38+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T10:35:38Z", "ms": 886242937830.016 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:40 on Fri 30 Jan to 20:51 on Sat 31 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-30T21:39:36Z → 1998-01-31T18:50:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 30th, 11:48–12:36 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29714 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1998 falls on Saturday 31 January. Caturthī runs from 23:40 on Fri 30 Jan to 20:51 on Sat 31 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7482, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-01-30T23:39:36+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-30T21:39:36Z", "ms": 886196375689.5344 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-31T20:50:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T18:50:52Z", "ms": 886272652199.3063 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-01-30T23:39:36+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-30T21:39:36Z", "ms": 886196375689.5344 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-31T20:50:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T18:50:52Z", "ms": 886272652199.3063 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-30T16:46:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-30T14:46:22Z", "ms": 886171581655.2732 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-30T18:44:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-30T16:44:52Z", "ms": 886178692108.4886 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 119, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-31T16:48:06+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T14:48:06Z", "ms": 886258085605.6432 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-31T18:46:11+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T16:46:11Z", "ms": 886265170662.8761 } }, "covered_min": 118, "window_min": 118, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:40 on Fri 30 Jan to 20:51 on Sat 31 Jan.", "fact": "1998-01-30T21:39:36Z → 1998-01-31T18:50:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:46–18:45 on the 30th, 16:48–18:46 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 119 minutes on the 30th and 118 of 118 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7482 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Tila Caturthī 1998 falls on Saturday 31 January. Caturthī runs from 23:40 on Fri 30 Jan to 20:51 on Sat 31 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20211, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1998-01-31T20:50:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T18:50:52Z", "ms": 886272652199.3063 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-01T18:12:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-01T16:12:37Z", "ms": 886349557379.0338 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-01-31T20:50:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T18:50:52Z", "ms": 886272652199.3063 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-01T18:12:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-01T16:12:37Z", "ms": 886349557379.0338 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-31T11:47:38+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T09:47:38Z", "ms": 886240057830.016 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-31T12:35:38+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T10:35:38Z", "ms": 886242937830.016 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-01T11:47:47+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-01T09:47:47Z", "ms": 886326466727.4529 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-01T12:35:47+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-01T10:35:47Z", "ms": 886329346727.4529 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 20:51 on Sat 31 Jan to 18:13 on Sun 1 Feb.", "fact": "1998-01-31T18:50:52Z → 1998-02-01T16:12:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 31st, 11:48–12:36 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20211 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śrī Pañcamī 1998 falls on Sunday 1 February. Pañcamī runs from 20:51 on Sat 31 Jan to 18:13 on Sun 1 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20211, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1998-01-31T20:50:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T18:50:52Z", "ms": 886272652199.3063 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-01T18:12:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-01T16:12:37Z", "ms": 886349557379.0338 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-01-31T20:50:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T18:50:52Z", "ms": 886272652199.3063 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-01T18:12:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-01T16:12:37Z", "ms": 886349557379.0338 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-01-31T11:47:38+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T09:47:38Z", "ms": 886240057830.016 }, "end": { "local": "1998-01-31T12:35:38+02:00", "utc": "1998-01-31T10:35:38Z", "ms": 886242937830.016 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-01T11:47:47+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-01T09:47:47Z", "ms": 886326466727.4529 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-01T12:35:47+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-01T10:35:47Z", "ms": 886329346727.4529 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 20:51 on Sat 31 Jan to 18:13 on Sun 1 Feb.", "fact": "1998-01-31T18:50:52Z → 1998-02-01T16:12:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 31st, 11:48–12:36 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20211 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vasanta Pañcamī 1998 falls on Sunday 1 February. Pañcamī runs from 20:51 on Sat 31 Jan to 18:13 on Sun 1 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-02-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22563, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1998-02-02T15:49:58+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-02T13:49:58Z", "ms": 886427397572.9373 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-03T13:46:47+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-03T11:46:47Z", "ms": 886506407292.5029 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-02-02T15:49:58+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-02T13:49:58Z", "ms": 886427397572.9373 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-03T13:46:47+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-03T11:46:47Z", "ms": 886506407292.5029 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-02T05:34:36+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-02T03:34:36Z", "ms": 886390475674.7721 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-02T07:32:15+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-02T05:32:15Z", "ms": 886397535021.6577 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 118, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-03T05:33:31+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-03T03:33:31Z", "ms": 886476811228.493 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-03T07:30:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-03T05:30:45Z", "ms": 886483844564.6652 } }, "covered_min": 117, "window_min": 117, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 15:50 on Mon 2 Feb to 13:47 on Tue 3 Feb.", "fact": "1998-02-02T13:49:58Z → 1998-02-03T11:46:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:35–07:32 on the 2nd, 05:34–07:31 on the 3rd.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 118 minutes on the 2nd and 117 of 117 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22563 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 3 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ratha Saptamī 1998 falls on Tuesday 3 February. Saptamī runs from 15:50 on Mon 2 Feb to 13:47 on Tue 3 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-02-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7683, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-02-06T09:57:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-06T07:57:45Z", "ms": 886751864570.0386 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-07T09:32:27+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-07T07:32:27Z", "ms": 886836747140.0042 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-02-06T09:57:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-06T07:57:45Z", "ms": 886751864570.0386 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-07T09:32:27+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-07T07:32:27Z", "ms": 886836747140.0042 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-06T07:26:02+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-06T05:26:02Z", "ms": 886742762046.8486 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-06T07:26:02+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-06T05:26:02Z", "ms": 886742762046.8486 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-07T07:24:24+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-07T05:24:24Z", "ms": 886829064332.7623 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-07T07:24:24+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-07T05:24:24Z", "ms": 886829064332.7623 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:58 on Fri 6 Feb to 09:32 on Sat 7 Feb.", "fact": "1998-02-06T07:57:45Z → 1998-02-07T07:32:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:26 on the 6th and 07:24 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7683 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Jayā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Saturday 7 February. Ekādaśī runs from 09:58 on Fri 6 Feb to 09:32 on Sat 7 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8071, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-02-07T09:32:27+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-07T07:32:27Z", "ms": 886836747140.0042 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-08T09:33:54+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-08T07:33:54Z", "ms": 886923234322.569 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-02-07T09:32:27+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-07T07:32:27Z", "ms": 886836747140.0042 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-08T09:33:54+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-08T07:33:54Z", "ms": 886923234322.569 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-07T11:48:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-07T09:48:22Z", "ms": 886844902472.8008 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-07T12:36:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-07T10:36:22Z", "ms": 886847782472.8008 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-08T11:48:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-08T09:48:26Z", "ms": 886931305531.9333 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-08T12:36:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-08T10:36:26Z", "ms": 886934185531.9333 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 09:32 on Sat 7 Feb to 09:34 on Sun 8 Feb.", "fact": "1998-02-07T07:32:27Z → 1998-02-08T07:33:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 7th, 11:48–12:36 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8071 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1998 falls on Saturday 7 February. Dvādaśī runs from 09:32 on Sat 7 Feb to 09:34 on Sun 8 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-02-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-02-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25274, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-02-08T09:33:54+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-08T07:33:54Z", "ms": 886923234322.569 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-09T10:02:38+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-09T08:02:38Z", "ms": 887011357861.7456 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-02-08T09:33:54+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-08T07:33:54Z", "ms": 886923234322.569 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-09T10:02:38+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-09T08:02:38Z", "ms": 887011357861.7456 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-02-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-08T17:02:06+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-08T15:02:06Z", "ms": 886950126128.8927 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-08T18:56:38+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-08T16:56:38Z", "ms": 886956997832.3948 } }, "covered_min": 115, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-02-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-09T17:03:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-09T15:03:52Z", "ms": 887036631664.5521 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-09T18:57:56+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-09T16:57:56Z", "ms": 887043475615.1938 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:34 on Sun 8 Feb to 10:03 on Mon 9 Feb.", "fact": "1998-02-08T07:33:54Z → 1998-02-09T08:02:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:02–18:57 on the 8th, 17:04–18:58 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 115 of 115 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 114 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25274 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 8 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Sunday 8 February. Trayodaśī runs from 09:34 on Sun 8 Feb to 10:03 on Mon 9 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-02-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-02-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 831, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-02-10T10:58:57+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-10T08:58:57Z", "ms": 887101137080.0165 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-11T12:22:39+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-11T10:22:39Z", "ms": 887192558553.2616 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-02-10T10:58:57+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-10T08:58:57Z", "ms": 887101137080.0165 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-11T12:22:39+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-11T10:22:39Z", "ms": 887192558553.2616 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-02-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-10T11:48:29+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-10T09:48:29Z", "ms": 887104109242.606 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-10T12:36:29+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-10T10:36:29Z", "ms": 887106989242.606 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-11T11:48:30+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-11T09:48:30Z", "ms": 887190509917.0968 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-11T12:36:30+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-11T10:36:30Z", "ms": 887193389917.0968 } }, "covered_min": 34, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:59 on Tue 10 Feb to 12:23 on Wed 11 Feb.", "fact": "1998-02-10T08:58:57Z → 1998-02-11T10:22:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 10th, 11:48–12:36 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 34 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 831 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 11 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1998 falls on Wednesday 11 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:59 on Tue 10 Feb to 12:23 on Wed 11 Feb and covers 34 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-02-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-02-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 182, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-02-14T18:55:34+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-14T16:55:34Z", "ms": 887475333865.5272 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-15T21:35:30+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-15T19:35:30Z", "ms": 887571330109.1733 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-02-14T18:55:34+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-14T16:55:34Z", "ms": 887475333865.5272 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-15T21:35:30+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-15T19:35:30Z", "ms": 887571330109.1733 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-14T20:30:46+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-14T18:30:46Z", "ms": 887481045520.9512 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-14T20:30:46+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-14T18:30:46Z", "ms": 887481045520.9512 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-15T21:32:28+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-15T19:32:28Z", "ms": 887571148175.4122 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-15T21:32:28+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-15T19:32:28Z", "ms": 887571148175.4122 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:56 on Sat 14 Feb to 21:36 on Sun 15 Feb.", "fact": "1998-02-14T16:55:34Z → 1998-02-15T19:35:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:31 on the 14th and 21:32 on the 15th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both moonrises qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 182 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 14 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-14", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1998 falls on Saturday 14 February. Caturthī runs from 18:56 on Sat 14 Feb to 21:36 on Sun 15 Feb and is current at moonrise that day. It is 3 min 02 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-02-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-02-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1425, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-02-22T06:33:19+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-22T04:33:19Z", "ms": 888121999022.517 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-23T05:35:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-23T03:35:49Z", "ms": 888204948780.8923 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-02-22T06:33:19+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-22T04:33:19Z", "ms": 888121999022.517 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-23T05:35:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-23T03:35:49Z", "ms": 888204948780.8923 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-22T06:57:04+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-22T04:57:04Z", "ms": 888123424143.2966 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-22T06:57:04+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-22T04:57:04Z", "ms": 888123424143.2966 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-23T06:55:05+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-23T04:55:05Z", "ms": 888209705258.5837 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-23T06:55:05+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-23T04:55:05Z", "ms": 888209705258.5837 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:33 on Sun 22 Feb to 05:36 on Mon 23 Feb.", "fact": "1998-02-22T04:33:19Z → 1998-02-23T03:35:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:57 on the 22nd and 06:55 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1425 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Sunday 22 February. Ekādaśī runs from 06:33 on Sun 22 Feb to 05:36 on Mon 23 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-02-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-02-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3460, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-02-25T01:32:13+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-24T23:32:13Z", "ms": 888363133335.2892 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-25T22:40:04+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-25T20:40:04Z", "ms": 888439204261.8188 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-02-25T01:32:13+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-24T23:32:13Z", "ms": 888363133335.2892 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-25T22:40:04+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-25T20:40:04Z", "ms": 888439204261.8188 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-02-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-24T23:46:33+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-24T21:46:33Z", "ms": 888356793265.7633 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-25T00:34:33+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-24T22:34:33Z", "ms": 888359673265.7633 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-02-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-25T23:46:24+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-25T21:46:24Z", "ms": 888443183994.95 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-26T00:34:24+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-25T22:34:24Z", "ms": 888446063994.95 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:32 on Wed 25 Feb to 22:40 on Wed 25 Feb.", "fact": "1998-02-24T23:32:13Z → 1998-02-25T20:40:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:47–00:35 on the 24th, 23:46–00:34 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither night qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: disputed → tithi-day · margin 3460 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 24 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mahāśivarātri 1998 falls on Tuesday 24 February. Caturdaśī runs from 01:32 on Wed 25 Feb to 22:40 on Wed 25 Feb, and reaches niśītha on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-02-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-02-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22523, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-02-24T03:53:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-24T01:53:26Z", "ms": 888285205559.0162 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-25T01:32:13+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-24T23:32:13Z", "ms": 888363133335.2892 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-02-24T03:53:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-24T01:53:26Z", "ms": 888285205559.0162 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-25T01:32:13+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-24T23:32:13Z", "ms": 888363133335.2892 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-23T17:28:19+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-23T15:28:19Z", "ms": 888247698513.5482 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-23T19:15:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-23T17:15:37Z", "ms": 888254136767.8644 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-02-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-02-24T17:30:02+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-24T15:30:02Z", "ms": 888334201863.8286 }, "end": { "local": "1998-02-24T19:16:50+02:00", "utc": "1998-02-24T17:16:50Z", "ms": 888340610237.6779 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:53 on Tue 24 Feb to 01:32 on Wed 25 Feb.", "fact": "1998-02-24T01:53:26Z → 1998-02-24T23:32:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:28–19:16 on the 23rd, 17:30–19:17 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 23rd and 107 of 107 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22523 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 24 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-02-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Tuesday 24 February. Trayodaśī runs from 03:53 on Tue 24 Feb to 01:32 on Wed 25 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-02-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-03-01", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9626, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-03-01T09:06:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-01T07:06:18Z", "ms": 888735977927.5566 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-02T05:58:08+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-02T03:58:08Z", "ms": 888811088161.5114 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-01T09:06:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-01T07:06:18Z", "ms": 888735977927.5566 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-02T05:58:08+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-02T03:58:08Z", "ms": 888811088161.5114 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-01T11:46:44+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-01T09:46:44Z", "ms": 888745603859.2473 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-01T12:34:44+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-01T10:34:44Z", "ms": 888748483859.2473 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-03-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-02T11:46:32+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-02T09:46:32Z", "ms": 888831992277.0245 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-02T12:34:32+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-02T10:34:32Z", "ms": 888834872277.0245 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:06 on Sun 1 Mar to 05:58 on Mon 2 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-01T07:06:18Z → 1998-03-02T03:58:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 1st, 11:47–12:35 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9626 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 1 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1998 falls on Sunday 1 March. Caturthī runs from 09:06 on Sun 1 Mar to 05:58 on Mon 2 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-03-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-03-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27042, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-03-07T22:05:28+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-07T20:05:28Z", "ms": 889301127887.6189 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-08T22:55:15+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-08T20:55:15Z", "ms": 889390514642.5881 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-07T22:05:28+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-07T20:05:28Z", "ms": 889301127887.6189 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-08T22:55:15+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-08T20:55:15Z", "ms": 889390514642.5881 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-08T06:28:06+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-08T04:28:06Z", "ms": 889331285732.4236 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-08T06:28:06+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-08T04:28:06Z", "ms": 889331285732.4236 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-09T06:25:57+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-09T04:25:57Z", "ms": 889417556661.9543 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-09T06:25:57+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-09T04:25:57Z", "ms": 889417556661.9543 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:05 on Sat 7 Mar to 22:55 on Sun 8 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-07T20:05:28Z → 1998-03-08T20:55:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:28 on the 8th and 06:26 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27042 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 8 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Sunday 8 March. Ekādaśī runs from 22:05 on Sat 7 Mar to 22:55 on Sun 8 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-03-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-03-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17033, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-03-10T00:16:06+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-09T22:16:06Z", "ms": 889481766263.41 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-11T02:03:06+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-11T00:03:06Z", "ms": 889574585766.9034 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-10T00:16:06+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-09T22:16:06Z", "ms": 889481766263.41 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-11T02:03:06+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-11T00:03:06Z", "ms": 889574585766.9034 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-09T17:51:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-09T15:51:59Z", "ms": 889458719277.425 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-09T19:32:14+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-09T17:32:14Z", "ms": 889464733657.0648 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-03-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-10T17:53:39+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-10T15:53:39Z", "ms": 889545218574.4601 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-10T19:33:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-10T17:33:22Z", "ms": 889551202385.254 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:16 on Tue 10 Mar to 02:03 on Wed 11 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-09T22:16:06Z → 1998-03-11T00:03:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:52–19:32 on the 9th, 17:54–19:33 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 9th and 100 of 100 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17033 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 10 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Tuesday 10 March. Trayodaśī runs from 00:16 on Tue 10 Mar to 02:03 on Wed 11 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-03-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32650, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-03-12T04:10:55+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-12T02:10:55Z", "ms": 889668655295.15 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-13T06:34:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-13T04:34:09Z", "ms": 889763649216.9136 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-12T04:10:55+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-12T02:10:55Z", "ms": 889668655295.15 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-13T06:34:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-13T04:34:09Z", "ms": 889763649216.9136 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-12T15:37:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-12T13:37:26Z", "ms": 889709846481.2715 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-12T17:56:56+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-12T15:56:56Z", "ms": 889718216404.5151 } }, "covered_min": 139, "window_min": 139, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-13T15:38:19+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-13T13:38:19Z", "ms": 889796299181.4359 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-13T17:58:35+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-13T15:58:35Z", "ms": 889804714962.4489 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:11 on Thu 12 Mar to 06:34 on Fri 13 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-12T02:10:55Z → 1998-03-13T04:34:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:37–17:57 on the 12th, 15:38–17:59 on the 13th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 139 of 139 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 140 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32650 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 12 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Holikā Dahana 1998 falls on Thursday 12 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:11 on Thu 12 Mar to 06:34 on Fri 13 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32650, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-03-12T04:10:55+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-12T02:10:55Z", "ms": 889668655295.15 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-13T06:34:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-13T04:34:09Z", "ms": 889763649216.9136 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-12T04:10:55+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-12T02:10:55Z", "ms": 889668655295.15 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-13T06:34:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-13T04:34:09Z", "ms": 889763649216.9136 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-12T15:37:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-12T13:37:26Z", "ms": 889709846481.2715 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-12T17:56:56+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-12T15:56:56Z", "ms": 889718216404.5151 } }, "covered_min": 139, "window_min": 139, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-13T15:38:19+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-13T13:38:19Z", "ms": 889796299181.4359 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-13T17:58:35+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-13T15:58:35Z", "ms": 889804714962.4489 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 140, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1998-03-12", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 04:11 on Thu 12 Mar to 06:34 on Fri 13 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-12T02:10:55Z → 1998-03-13T04:34:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:37–17:57 on the 12th, 15:38–17:59 on the 13th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 139 of 139 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 140 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32650 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Thursday 12 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 13 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Holī 1998 falls on Friday 13 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Thursday 12 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 04:11 on Thu 12 Mar to 06:34 on Fri 13 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 12th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1013, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1998-03-13T06:34:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-13T04:34:09Z", "ms": 889763649216.9136 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-14T09:07:11+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-14T07:07:11Z", "ms": 889859231205.4902 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-13T06:34:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-13T04:34:09Z", "ms": 889763649216.9136 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-14T09:07:11+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-14T07:07:11Z", "ms": 889859231205.4902 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-13T06:17:16+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-13T04:17:16Z", "ms": 889762636057.3839 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-13T06:17:16+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-13T04:17:16Z", "ms": 889762636057.3839 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-14T06:15:05+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-14T04:15:05Z", "ms": 889848904996.9087 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-14T06:15:05+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-14T04:15:05Z", "ms": 889848904996.9087 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 06:34 on Fri 13 Mar to 09:07 on Sat 14 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-13T04:34:09Z → 1998-03-14T07:07:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:17 on the 13th and 06:15 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1013 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 14 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vasantotsava 1998 falls on Saturday 14 March. Pratipadā runs from 06:34 on Fri 13 Mar to 09:07 on Sat 14 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-03-16", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20831, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-03-16T14:17:47+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-16T12:17:47Z", "ms": 890050667246.3726 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-17T16:40:56+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-17T14:40:56Z", "ms": 890145656141.3313 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-16T14:17:47+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-16T12:17:47Z", "ms": 890050667246.3726 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-17T16:40:56+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-17T14:40:56Z", "ms": 890145656141.3313 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-16T21:26:35+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-16T19:26:35Z", "ms": 890076394956.071 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-16T21:26:35+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-16T19:26:35Z", "ms": 890076394956.071 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-17T22:28:07+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-17T20:28:07Z", "ms": 890166486711.4463 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-17T22:28:07+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-17T20:28:07Z", "ms": 890166486711.4463 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:18 on Mon 16 Mar to 16:41 on Tue 17 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-16T12:17:47Z → 1998-03-17T14:40:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:27 on the 16th and 22:28 on the 17th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20831 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 16 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1998 falls on Monday 16 March. Caturthī runs from 14:18 on Mon 16 Mar to 16:41 on Tue 17 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-03-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31964, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1998-03-20T21:22:40+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-20T19:22:40Z", "ms": 890421760028.5237 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-21T21:42:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-21T19:42:10Z", "ms": 890509330420.6799 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-20T21:22:40+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-20T19:22:40Z", "ms": 890421760028.5237 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-21T21:42:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-21T19:42:10Z", "ms": 890509330420.6799 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-20T11:41:56+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-20T09:41:56Z", "ms": 890386916493.7366 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-20T12:29:56+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-20T10:29:56Z", "ms": 890389796493.7366 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-21T11:41:39+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-21T09:41:39Z", "ms": 890473298848.4297 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-21T12:29:39+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-21T10:29:39Z", "ms": 890476178848.4297 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 21:23 on Fri 20 Mar to 21:42 on Sat 21 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-20T19:22:40Z → 1998-03-21T19:42:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 20th, 11:42–12:30 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 31964 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śītalāṣṭamī 1998 falls on Saturday 21 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 21:23 on Fri 20 Mar to 21:42 on Sat 21 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-03-24", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35300, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-03-23T20:04:43+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-23T18:04:43Z", "ms": 890676283185.0618 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-24T18:09:13+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-24T16:09:13Z", "ms": 890755753326.3497 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-23T20:04:43+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-23T18:04:43Z", "ms": 890676283185.0618 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-24T18:09:13+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-24T16:09:13Z", "ms": 890755753326.3497 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-24T05:53:03+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-24T03:53:03Z", "ms": 890711583422.4843 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-24T05:53:03+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-24T03:53:03Z", "ms": 890711583422.4843 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-25T05:50:51+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-25T03:50:51Z", "ms": 890797850865.4899 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-25T05:50:51+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-25T03:50:51Z", "ms": 890797850865.4899 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:05 on Mon 23 Mar to 18:09 on Tue 24 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-23T18:04:43Z → 1998-03-24T16:09:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:53 on the 24th and 05:51 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 24th and is not on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Tuesday 24 March. Ekādaśī runs from 20:05 on Mon 23 Mar to 18:09 on Tue 24 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-03-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-03-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9800, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-03-25T15:34:44+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-25T13:34:44Z", "ms": 890832884346.017 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-26T12:28:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-26T10:28:10Z", "ms": 890908089848.0469 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-25T15:34:44+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-25T13:34:44Z", "ms": 890832884346.017 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-26T12:28:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-26T10:28:10Z", "ms": 890908089848.0469 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-25T18:18:04+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-25T16:18:04Z", "ms": 890842684156.3402 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-25T19:50:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-25T17:50:09Z", "ms": 890848208716.4298 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-26T18:19:41+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-26T16:19:41Z", "ms": 890929180805.2244 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-26T19:51:15+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-26T17:51:15Z", "ms": 890934674821.1812 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:35 on Wed 25 Mar to 12:28 on Thu 26 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-25T13:34:44Z → 1998-03-26T10:28:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:18–19:50 on the 25th, 18:20–19:51 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 92 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9800 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 25 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Wednesday 25 March. Trayodaśī runs from 15:35 on Wed 25 Mar to 12:28 on Thu 26 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-03-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-03-26", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30654, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-03-26T12:28:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-26T10:28:10Z", "ms": 890908089848.0469 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-27T08:57:57+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-27T06:57:57Z", "ms": 890981877010.109 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-26T12:28:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-26T10:28:10Z", "ms": 890908089848.0469 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-27T08:57:57+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-27T06:57:57Z", "ms": 890981877010.109 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-25T23:39:21+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-25T21:39:21Z", "ms": 890861961256.6764 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-26T00:27:21+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-25T22:27:21Z", "ms": 890864841256.6764 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-26T23:39:03+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-26T21:39:03Z", "ms": 890948343365.0623 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-27T00:27:03+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-26T22:27:03Z", "ms": 890951223365.0623 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:28 on Thu 26 Mar to 08:58 on Fri 27 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-26T10:28:10Z → 1998-03-27T06:57:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:39–00:27 on the 25th, 23:39–00:27 on the 26th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30654 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 26 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1998 falls on Thursday 26 March. Caturdaśī runs from 12:28 on Thu 26 Mar to 08:58 on Fri 27 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-03-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23156, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1998-03-28T05:13:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-28T03:13:37Z", "ms": 891054817358.233 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-29T01:25:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-28T23:25:22Z", "ms": 891127521877.926 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-28T05:13:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-28T03:13:37Z", "ms": 891054817358.233 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-29T01:25:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-28T23:25:22Z", "ms": 891127521877.926 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-28T11:39:34+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-28T09:39:34Z", "ms": 891077973722.4822 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-28T12:27:34+02:00", "utc": "1998-03-28T10:27:34Z", "ms": 891080853722.4822 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-29T12:39:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-29T09:39:16Z", "ms": 891164355822.8684 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-29T13:27:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-29T10:27:16Z", "ms": 891167235822.8684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 05:14 on Sat 28 Mar to 01:25 on Sun 29 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-28T03:13:37Z → 1998-03-28T23:25:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 28th, 12:39–13:27 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23156 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1998 falls on Saturday 28 March. Pratipadā runs from 05:14 on Sat 28 Mar to 01:25 on Sun 29 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21114, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1998-03-29T22:43:39+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-29T19:43:39Z", "ms": 891200618976.4374 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-30T19:18:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-30T16:18:52Z", "ms": 891274732176.4891 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-29T22:43:39+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-29T19:43:39Z", "ms": 891200618976.4374 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-30T19:18:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-30T16:18:52Z", "ms": 891274732176.4891 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-29T12:39:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-29T09:39:16Z", "ms": 891164355822.8684 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-29T13:27:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-29T10:27:16Z", "ms": 891167235822.8684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-30T12:38:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-30T09:38:58Z", "ms": 891250737962.1172 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-30T13:26:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-30T10:26:58Z", "ms": 891253617962.1172 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 22:44 on Sun 29 Mar to 19:19 on Mon 30 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-29T19:43:39Z → 1998-03-30T16:18:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 29th, 12:39–13:27 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21114 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1998 falls on Monday 30 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 22:44 on Sun 29 Mar to 19:19 on Mon 30 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21114, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1998-03-29T22:43:39+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-29T19:43:39Z", "ms": 891200618976.4374 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-30T19:18:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-30T16:18:52Z", "ms": 891274732176.4891 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-29T22:43:39+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-29T19:43:39Z", "ms": 891200618976.4374 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-30T19:18:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-30T16:18:52Z", "ms": 891274732176.4891 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-29T12:39:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-29T09:39:16Z", "ms": 891164355822.8684 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-29T13:27:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-29T10:27:16Z", "ms": 891167235822.8684 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-30T12:38:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-30T09:38:58Z", "ms": 891250737962.1172 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-30T13:26:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-30T10:26:58Z", "ms": 891253617962.1172 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 22:44 on Sun 29 Mar to 19:19 on Mon 30 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-29T19:43:39Z → 1998-03-30T16:18:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 29th, 12:39–13:27 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21114 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1998 falls on Monday 30 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 22:44 on Sun 29 Mar to 19:19 on Mon 30 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-03-31", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10454, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-03-30T19:18:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-30T16:18:52Z", "ms": 891274732176.4891 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-31T16:20:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-31T13:20:54Z", "ms": 891350453887.716 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-30T19:18:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-30T16:18:52Z", "ms": 891274732176.4891 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-31T16:20:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-31T13:20:54Z", "ms": 891350453887.716 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-30T12:38:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-30T09:38:58Z", "ms": 891250737962.1172 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-30T13:26:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-30T10:26:58Z", "ms": 891253617962.1172 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-31T12:38:40+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-31T09:38:40Z", "ms": 891337120155.0276 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-31T13:26:40+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-31T10:26:40Z", "ms": 891340000155.0276 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 19:19 on Mon 30 Mar to 16:21 on Tue 31 Mar.", "fact": "1998-03-30T16:18:52Z → 1998-03-31T13:20:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 30th, 12:39–13:27 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10454 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1998 falls on Tuesday 31 March. Caturthī runs from 19:19 on Mon 30 Mar to 16:21 on Tue 31 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-03-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1930, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1998-03-31T16:20:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-31T13:20:54Z", "ms": 891350453887.716 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-01T13:58:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-01T10:58:32Z", "ms": 891428312253.3185 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-03-31T16:20:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-31T13:20:54Z", "ms": 891350453887.716 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-01T13:58:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-01T10:58:32Z", "ms": 891428312253.3185 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-03-31T12:38:40+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-31T09:38:40Z", "ms": 891337120155.0276 }, "end": { "local": "1998-03-31T13:26:40+03:00", "utc": "1998-03-31T10:26:40Z", "ms": 891340000155.0276 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-01T12:38:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-01T09:38:22Z", "ms": 891423502417.253 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-01T13:26:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-01T10:26:22Z", "ms": 891426382417.253 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 16:21 on Tue 31 Mar to 13:59 on Wed 1 Apr.", "fact": "1998-03-31T13:20:54Z → 1998-04-01T10:58:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 31st, 12:38–13:26 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1930 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1998 falls on Wednesday 1 April. Pañcamī runs from 16:21 on Tue 31 Mar to 13:59 on Wed 1 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4287, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1998-04-03T11:26:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-03T08:26:21Z", "ms": 891591980615.9865 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-04T11:22:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-04T08:22:25Z", "ms": 891678144832.636 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-03T11:26:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-03T08:26:21Z", "ms": 891591980615.9865 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-04T11:22:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-04T08:22:25Z", "ms": 891678144832.636 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-03T12:37:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-03T09:37:47Z", "ms": 891596267217.8762 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-03T13:25:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-03T10:25:47Z", "ms": 891599147217.8762 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-04T12:37:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-04T09:37:30Z", "ms": 891682649792.8452 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-04T13:25:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-04T10:25:30Z", "ms": 891685529792.8452 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:26 on Fri 3 Apr to 11:22 on Sat 4 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-03T08:26:21Z → 1998-04-04T08:22:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:38–13:26 on the 3rd, 12:37–13:25 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4287 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Bhavānī Utpatti 1998 falls on Friday 3 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:26 on Fri 3 Apr to 11:22 on Sat 4 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1942, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1998-04-04T11:22:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-04T08:22:25Z", "ms": 891678144832.636 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-05T12:04:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-05T09:04:51Z", "ms": 891767090936.9031 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-04T11:22:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-04T08:22:25Z", "ms": 891678144832.636 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-05T12:04:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-05T09:04:51Z", "ms": 891767090936.9031 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-04T12:37:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-04T09:37:30Z", "ms": 891682649792.8452 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-04T13:25:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-04T10:25:30Z", "ms": 891685529792.8452 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-05T12:37:13+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-05T09:37:13Z", "ms": 891769032509.7434 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-05T13:25:13+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-05T10:25:13Z", "ms": 891771912509.7434 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 11:22 on Sat 4 Apr to 12:05 on Sun 5 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-04T08:22:25Z → 1998-04-05T09:04:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:37–13:25 on the 4th, 12:37–13:25 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1942 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 4 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-04", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rāma Navamī 1998 falls on Saturday 4 April. Navamī runs from 11:22 on Sat 4 Apr to 12:05 on Sun 5 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-04-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25411, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-04-06T13:28:02+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-06T10:28:02Z", "ms": 891858482474.2167 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-07T15:23:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-07T12:23:45Z", "ms": 891951824586.7106 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-06T13:28:02+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-06T10:28:02Z", "ms": 891858482474.2167 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-07T15:23:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-07T12:23:45Z", "ms": 891951824586.7106 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-06T06:24:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-06T03:24:32Z", "ms": 891833071881.4714 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-06T06:24:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-06T03:24:32Z", "ms": 891833071881.4714 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-07T06:22:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-07T03:22:22Z", "ms": 891919342168.2317 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-07T06:22:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-07T03:22:22Z", "ms": 891919342168.2317 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:28 on Mon 6 Apr to 15:24 on Tue 7 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-06T10:28:02Z → 1998-04-07T12:23:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:25 on the 6th and 06:22 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25411 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Tuesday 7 April. Ekādaśī runs from 13:28 on Mon 6 Apr to 15:24 on Tue 7 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-04-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-04-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1914, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-04-08T17:42:18+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-08T14:42:18Z", "ms": 892046538073.9238 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-09T20:14:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-09T17:14:00Z", "ms": 892142040067.6918 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-08T17:42:18+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-08T14:42:18Z", "ms": 892046538073.9238 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-09T20:14:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-09T17:14:00Z", "ms": 892142040067.6918 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-08T19:40:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-08T16:40:31Z", "ms": 892053630526.9916 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-08T21:05:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-08T18:05:31Z", "ms": 892058731001.9346 } }, "covered_min": 85, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-09T19:42:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-09T16:42:06Z", "ms": 892140126297.2025 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-09T21:06:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-09T18:06:37Z", "ms": 892145196896.4324 } }, "covered_min": 32, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:42 on Wed 8 Apr to 20:14 on Thu 9 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-08T14:42:18Z → 1998-04-09T17:14:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:41–21:06 on the 8th, 19:42–21:07 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 85 of 85 minutes on the 8th and 32 of 85 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1914 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Wednesday 8 April. Trayodaśī runs from 17:42 on Wed 8 Apr to 20:14 on Thu 9 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 32 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-04-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15476, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-04-08T17:42:18+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-08T14:42:18Z", "ms": 892046538073.9238 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-09T20:14:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-09T17:14:00Z", "ms": 892142040067.6918 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-08T17:42:18+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-08T14:42:18Z", "ms": 892046538073.9238 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-09T20:14:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-09T17:14:00Z", "ms": 892142040067.6918 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-08T12:36:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-08T09:36:22Z", "ms": 892028181709.8782 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-08T13:24:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-08T10:24:22Z", "ms": 892031061709.8782 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-09T12:36:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-09T09:36:05Z", "ms": 892114565193.1335 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-09T13:24:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-09T10:24:05Z", "ms": 892117445193.1335 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:42 on Wed 8 Apr to 20:14 on Thu 9 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-08T14:42:18Z → 1998-04-09T17:14:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 8th, 12:36–13:24 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15476 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 9 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1998 falls on Thursday 9 April. Trayodaśī runs from 17:42 on Wed 8 Apr to 20:14 on Thu 9 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24595, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-04-09T20:14:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-09T17:14:00Z", "ms": 892142040067.6918 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-10T22:50:07+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-10T19:50:07Z", "ms": 892237807461.4747 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-09T20:14:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-09T17:14:00Z", "ms": 892142040067.6918 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-10T22:50:07+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-10T19:50:07Z", "ms": 892237807461.4747 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-09T12:36:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-09T09:36:05Z", "ms": 892114565193.1335 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-09T13:24:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-09T10:24:05Z", "ms": 892117445193.1335 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-10T12:35:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-10T09:35:49Z", "ms": 892200948918.0518 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-10T13:23:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-10T10:23:49Z", "ms": 892203828918.0518 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:14 on Thu 9 Apr to 22:50 on Fri 10 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-09T17:14:00Z → 1998-04-10T19:50:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 9th, 12:36–13:24 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24595 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1998 falls on Friday 10 April. Caturdaśī runs from 20:14 on Thu 9 Apr to 22:50 on Fri 10 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33979, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-04-10T22:50:07+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-10T19:50:07Z", "ms": 892237807461.4747 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-12T01:23:28+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-11T22:23:28Z", "ms": 892333408016.9788 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-10T22:50:07+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-10T19:50:07Z", "ms": 892237807461.4747 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-12T01:23:28+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-11T22:23:28Z", "ms": 892333408016.9788 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-10T12:35:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-10T09:35:49Z", "ms": 892200948918.0518 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-10T13:23:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-10T10:23:49Z", "ms": 892203828918.0518 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-11T12:35:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-11T09:35:33Z", "ms": 892287332904.5045 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-11T13:23:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-11T10:23:33Z", "ms": 892290212904.5045 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 22:50 on Fri 10 Apr to 01:23 on Sun 12 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-10T19:50:07Z → 1998-04-11T22:23:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 10th, 12:36–13:24 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33979 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 11 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1998 falls on Saturday 11 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 22:50 on Fri 10 Apr to 01:23 on Sun 12 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12839, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1998-04-14T02:33:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-13T23:33:30Z", "ms": 892510409679.8329 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-14T23:24:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-14T20:24:52Z", "ms": 895177492416.1575 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1998-04-14T02:33:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-13T23:33:30Z", "ms": 892510409679.8329 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-14T02:33:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-13T23:33:30Z", "ms": 892510409679.8329 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-13T06:09:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-13T03:09:34Z", "ms": 892436974282.2477 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-14T06:07:28+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-14T03:07:28Z", "ms": 892523248358.4125 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1438, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-14T06:07:28+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-14T03:07:28Z", "ms": 892523248358.4125 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-15T06:05:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-15T03:05:23Z", "ms": 892609523117.1171 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1438, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 02:33 on Tue 14 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-13T23:33:30Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 06:10 on the 13th, and from 06:07 on the 14th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 12839 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1998-04-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1998-04-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vaiśākhī 1998 falls on Monday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 02:33 on Tue 14 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. Counted from midnight, or by the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 14 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-04-15", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34285, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-04-15T07:54:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-15T04:54:03Z", "ms": 892616043295.6448 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-16T09:26:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-16T06:26:25Z", "ms": 892707984738.5857 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-15T07:54:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-15T04:54:03Z", "ms": 892616043295.6448 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-16T09:26:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-16T06:26:25Z", "ms": 892707984738.5857 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-14T22:22:38+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-14T19:22:38Z", "ms": 892581758123.1997 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-14T22:22:38+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-14T19:22:38Z", "ms": 892581758123.1997 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-15T23:22:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-15T20:22:57Z", "ms": 892671776673.2529 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-15T23:22:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-15T20:22:57Z", "ms": 892671776673.2529 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:54 on Wed 15 Apr to 09:26 on Thu 16 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-15T04:54:03Z → 1998-04-16T06:26:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:23 on the 14th and 23:23 on the 15th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34285 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1998 falls on Wednesday 15 April. Caturthī runs from 07:54 on Wed 15 Apr to 09:26 on Thu 16 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-04-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-04-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4225, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-04-22T07:12:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-22T04:12:12Z", "ms": 893218332091.2235 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-23T04:38:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-23T01:38:45Z", "ms": 893295524740.2178 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-22T07:12:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-22T04:12:12Z", "ms": 893218332091.2235 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-23T04:38:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-23T01:38:45Z", "ms": 893295524740.2178 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-22T05:51:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-22T02:51:09Z", "ms": 893213468634.2965 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-22T05:51:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-22T02:51:09Z", "ms": 893213468634.2965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-23T05:49:10+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-23T02:49:10Z", "ms": 893299750186.7465 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-23T05:49:10+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-23T02:49:10Z", "ms": 893299750186.7465 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:12 on Wed 22 Apr to 04:39 on Thu 23 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-22T04:12:12Z → 1998-04-23T01:38:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:51 on the 22nd and 05:49 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 4225 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Wednesday 22 April. Ekādaśī runs from 07:12 on Wed 22 Apr to 04:39 on Thu 23 Apr, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-04-24", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2678, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-04-24T01:34:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-23T22:34:51Z", "ms": 893370891305.8745 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-24T22:07:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-24T19:07:53Z", "ms": 893444873019.3925 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-24T01:34:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-23T22:34:51Z", "ms": 893370891305.8745 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-24T22:07:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-24T19:07:53Z", "ms": 893444873019.3925 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-23T20:04:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-23T17:04:25Z", "ms": 893351065434.6288 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-23T21:22:08+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-23T18:22:08Z", "ms": 893355727744.2003 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-24T20:06:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-24T17:06:01Z", "ms": 893437560803.4945 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-24T21:23:15+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-24T18:23:15Z", "ms": 893442194880.2778 } }, "covered_min": 77, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:35 on Fri 24 Apr to 22:08 on Fri 24 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-23T22:34:51Z → 1998-04-24T19:07:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:04–21:22 on the 23rd, 20:06–21:23 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 78 minutes on the 23rd and 77 of 77 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2678 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 24 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Friday 24 April. Trayodaśī runs from 01:35 on Fri 24 Apr to 22:08 on Fri 24 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-04-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-04-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8626, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-04-24T22:07:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-24T19:07:53Z", "ms": 893444873019.3925 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-25T18:26:43+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-25T15:26:43Z", "ms": 893518003188.5973 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-24T22:07:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-24T19:07:53Z", "ms": 893444873019.3925 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-25T18:26:43+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-25T15:26:43Z", "ms": 893518003188.5973 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-25T00:31:39+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-24T21:31:39Z", "ms": 893453498591.4319 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-25T01:19:39+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-24T22:19:39Z", "ms": 893456378591.4319 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-26T00:31:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-25T21:31:29Z", "ms": 893539888576.9296 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-26T01:19:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-25T22:19:29Z", "ms": 893542768576.9296 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:08 on Fri 24 Apr to 18:27 on Sat 25 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-24T19:07:53Z → 1998-04-25T15:26:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:32–01:20 on the 24th, 00:31–01:19 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8626 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 24 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1998 falls on Friday 24 April. Caturdaśī runs from 22:08 on Fri 24 Apr to 18:27 on Sat 25 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-04-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2986, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1998-04-28T07:41:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-28T04:41:09Z", "ms": 893738469430.5802 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-29T04:47:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T01:47:56Z", "ms": 893814476133.0571 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-28T07:41:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-28T04:41:09Z", "ms": 893738469430.5802 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-29T04:47:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T01:47:56Z", "ms": 893814476133.0571 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-28T05:39:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-28T02:39:34Z", "ms": 893731173923.7642 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-28T10:30:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-28T07:30:30Z", "ms": 893748629591.1179 } }, "covered_min": 169, "window_min": 291, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-29T05:37:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T02:37:42Z", "ms": 893817462118.4149 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-29T10:29:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T07:29:47Z", "ms": 893834986572.2153 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 292, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:41 on Tue 28 Apr to 04:48 on Wed 29 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-28T04:41:09Z → 1998-04-29T01:47:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:40–10:30 on the 28th, 05:38–10:30 on the 29th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 169 of 291 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 292 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2986 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1998 falls on Tuesday 28 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:41 on Tue 28 Apr to 04:48 on Wed 29 Apr and covers 169 of 291 minutes of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26412, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1998-04-28T07:41:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-28T04:41:09Z", "ms": 893738469430.5802 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-29T04:47:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T01:47:56Z", "ms": 893814476133.0571 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-28T07:41:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-28T04:41:09Z", "ms": 893738469430.5802 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-29T04:47:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T01:47:56Z", "ms": 893814476133.0571 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-27T20:10:46+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-27T17:10:46Z", "ms": 893697046151.7925 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-27T21:26:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-27T18:26:37Z", "ms": 893701596521.3887 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-28T20:12:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-28T17:12:21Z", "ms": 893783540925.8254 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-28T21:27:44+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-28T18:27:44Z", "ms": 893788063751.504 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:41 on Tue 28 Apr to 04:48 on Wed 29 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-28T04:41:09Z → 1998-04-29T01:47:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:11–21:27 on the 27th, 20:12–21:28 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 76 minutes on the 27th and 75 of 75 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26412 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1998 falls on Tuesday 28 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:41 on Tue 28 Apr to 04:48 on Wed 29 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-04-29", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27833, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-04-29T04:47:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T01:47:56Z", "ms": 893814476133.0571 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-30T02:32:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T23:32:36Z", "ms": 893892756031.4309 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-29T04:47:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T01:47:56Z", "ms": 893814476133.0571 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-30T02:32:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T23:32:36Z", "ms": 893892756031.4309 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-29T12:31:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T09:31:49Z", "ms": 893842308799.1155 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-29T13:19:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T10:19:49Z", "ms": 893845188799.1155 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-30T12:31:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-30T09:31:41Z", "ms": 893928700666.6365 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-30T13:19:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-30T10:19:41Z", "ms": 893931580666.6365 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:48 on Wed 29 Apr to 02:33 on Thu 30 Apr.", "fact": "1998-04-29T01:47:56Z → 1998-04-29T23:32:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 29th, 12:32–13:20 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27833 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1998 falls on Wednesday 29 April. Caturthī runs from 04:48 on Wed 29 Apr to 02:33 on Thu 30 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-04-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-04-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35945, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1998-04-30T02:32:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T23:32:36Z", "ms": 893892756031.4309 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-01T01:03:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-30T22:03:05Z", "ms": 893973784936.6774 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-04-30T02:32:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-29T23:32:36Z", "ms": 893892756031.4309 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-01T01:03:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-30T22:03:05Z", "ms": 893973784936.6774 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-04-30T12:31:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-30T09:31:41Z", "ms": 893928700666.6365 }, "end": { "local": "1998-04-30T13:19:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-04-30T10:19:41Z", "ms": 893931580666.6365 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-01T12:31:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-01T09:31:33Z", "ms": 894015093032.1132 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-01T13:19:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-01T10:19:33Z", "ms": 894017973032.1132 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 02:33 on Thu 30 Apr to 01:03 on Fri 1 May.", "fact": "1998-04-29T23:32:36Z → 1998-04-30T22:03:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 30th, 12:32–13:20 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35945 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 30 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1998 falls on Thursday 30 April. Pañcamī runs from 02:33 on Thu 30 Apr to 01:03 on Fri 1 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39896, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-02T00:24:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-01T21:24:29Z", "ms": 894057869483.2699 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-03T00:38:07+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-02T21:38:07Z", "ms": 894145087161.2711 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-02T00:24:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-01T21:24:29Z", "ms": 894057869483.2699 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-03T00:38:07+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-02T21:38:07Z", "ms": 894145087161.2711 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-01T12:31:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-01T09:31:33Z", "ms": 894015093032.1132 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-01T13:19:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-01T10:19:33Z", "ms": 894017973032.1132 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-02T12:31:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-02T09:31:26Z", "ms": 894101485900.9395 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-02T13:19:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-02T10:19:26Z", "ms": 894104365900.9395 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 00:24 on Sat 2 May to 00:38 on Sun 3 May.", "fact": "1998-05-01T21:24:29Z → 1998-05-02T21:38:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 1st, 12:31–13:19 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 39896 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1998 falls on Saturday 2 May. Saptamī runs from 00:24 on Sat 2 May to 00:38 on Sun 3 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-05-07", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 818, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-06T05:38:55+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-06T02:38:55Z", "ms": 894422334566.3336 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-07T08:10:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-07T05:10:17Z", "ms": 894517816949.0629 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-06T05:38:55+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-06T02:38:55Z", "ms": 894422334566.3336 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-07T08:10:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-07T05:10:17Z", "ms": 894517816949.0629 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-06T05:25:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-06T02:25:16Z", "ms": 894421516490.8698 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-06T05:25:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-06T02:25:16Z", "ms": 894421516490.8698 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-07T05:23:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-07T02:23:36Z", "ms": 894507815786.6554 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-07T05:23:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-07T02:23:36Z", "ms": 894507815786.6554 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:39 on Wed 6 May to 08:10 on Thu 7 May.", "fact": "1998-05-06T02:38:55Z → 1998-05-07T05:10:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:25 on the 6th and 05:24 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 818 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Thursday 7 May. Ekādaśī runs from 05:39 on Wed 6 May to 08:10 on Thu 7 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-05-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6280, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-07T08:10:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-07T05:10:17Z", "ms": 894517816949.0629 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-08T10:46:14+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-08T07:46:14Z", "ms": 894613573611.0115 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-07T08:10:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-07T05:10:17Z", "ms": 894517816949.0629 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-08T10:46:14+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-08T07:46:14Z", "ms": 894613573611.0115 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-07T12:30:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-07T09:30:58Z", "ms": 894533458002.6447 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-07T13:18:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-07T10:18:58Z", "ms": 894536338002.6447 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-08T12:30:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-08T09:30:54Z", "ms": 894619854014.3779 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-08T13:18:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-08T10:18:54Z", "ms": 894622734014.3779 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 08:10 on Thu 7 May to 10:46 on Fri 8 May.", "fact": "1998-05-07T05:10:17Z → 1998-05-08T07:46:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 7th, 12:31–13:19 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6280 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1998 falls on Thursday 7 May. Dvādaśī runs from 08:10 on Thu 7 May to 10:46 on Fri 8 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6280, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-07T08:10:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-07T05:10:17Z", "ms": 894517816949.0629 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-08T10:46:14+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-08T07:46:14Z", "ms": 894613573611.0115 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-07T08:10:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-07T05:10:17Z", "ms": 894517816949.0629 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-08T10:46:14+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-08T07:46:14Z", "ms": 894613573611.0115 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-07T12:30:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-07T09:30:58Z", "ms": 894533458002.6447 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-07T13:18:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-07T10:18:58Z", "ms": 894536338002.6447 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-08T12:30:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-08T09:30:54Z", "ms": 894619854014.3779 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-08T13:18:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-08T10:18:54Z", "ms": 894622734014.3779 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 08:10 on Thu 7 May to 10:46 on Fri 8 May.", "fact": "1998-05-07T05:10:17Z → 1998-05-08T07:46:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 7th, 12:31–13:19 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6280 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1998 falls on Thursday 7 May. Dvādaśī runs from 08:10 on Thu 7 May to 10:46 on Fri 8 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-05-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-08T10:46:14+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-08T07:46:14Z", "ms": 894613573611.0115 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-09T13:16:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-09T10:16:05Z", "ms": 894708964981.4753 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-08T10:46:14+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-08T07:46:14Z", "ms": 894613573611.0115 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-09T13:16:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-09T10:16:05Z", "ms": 894708964981.4753 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-08T20:27:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-08T17:27:51Z", "ms": 894648471355.8782 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-08T21:38:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-08T18:38:51Z", "ms": 894652731067.9547 } }, "covered_min": 71, "window_min": 71, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-09T20:29:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-09T17:29:22Z", "ms": 894734961940.6514 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-09T21:39:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-09T18:39:57Z", "ms": 894739196802.5282 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 71, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:46 on Fri 8 May to 13:16 on Sat 9 May.", "fact": "1998-05-08T07:46:14Z → 1998-05-09T10:16:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:28–21:39 on the 8th, 20:29–21:40 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 71 of 71 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 71 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25997 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 8 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Friday 8 May. Trayodaśī runs from 10:46 on Fri 8 May to 13:16 on Sat 9 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-05-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17927, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-09T13:16:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-09T10:16:05Z", "ms": 894708964981.4753 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-10T15:32:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-10T12:32:05Z", "ms": 894803524613.9907 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-09T13:16:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-09T10:16:05Z", "ms": 894708964981.4753 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-10T15:32:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-10T12:32:05Z", "ms": 894803524613.9907 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-09T20:29:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-09T17:29:22Z", "ms": 894734961940.6514 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-09T21:39:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-09T18:39:57Z", "ms": 894739196802.5282 } }, "covered_min": 71, "window_min": 71, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-10T20:30:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-10T17:30:52Z", "ms": 894821451934.2622 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-10T21:41:02+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-10T18:41:02Z", "ms": 894825662255.7552 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 70, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:16 on Sat 9 May to 15:32 on Sun 10 May.", "fact": "1998-05-09T10:16:05Z → 1998-05-10T12:32:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:29–21:40 on the 9th, 20:31–21:41 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 71 of 71 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 70 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17927 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 9 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1998 falls on Saturday 9 May. Caturdaśī runs from 13:16 on Sat 9 May to 15:32 on Sun 10 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-05-10T15:32:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-10T12:32:05Z", "ms": 894803524613.9907 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-11T17:29:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-11T14:29:21Z", "ms": 894896960874.5787 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-10T15:32:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-10T12:32:05Z", "ms": 894803524613.9907 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-11T17:29:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-11T14:29:21Z", "ms": 894896960874.5787 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-10T12:30:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-10T09:30:48Z", "ms": 894792647669.4951 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-10T13:18:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-10T10:18:48Z", "ms": 894795527669.4951 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-11T12:30:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-11T09:30:45Z", "ms": 894879045321.0403 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-11T13:18:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-11T10:18:45Z", "ms": 894881925321.0403 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:32 on Sun 10 May to 17:29 on Mon 11 May.", "fact": "1998-05-10T12:32:05Z → 1998-05-11T14:29:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 10th, 12:31–13:19 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7997 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 11 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1998 falls on Monday 11 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 15:32 on Sun 10 May to 17:29 on Mon 11 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-05-10T15:32:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-10T12:32:05Z", "ms": 894803524613.9907 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-11T17:29:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-11T14:29:21Z", "ms": 894896960874.5787 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-10T15:32:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-10T12:32:05Z", "ms": 894803524613.9907 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-11T17:29:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-11T14:29:21Z", "ms": 894896960874.5787 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-10T12:30:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-10T09:30:48Z", "ms": 894792647669.4951 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-10T13:18:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-10T10:18:48Z", "ms": 894795527669.4951 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-11T12:30:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-11T09:30:45Z", "ms": 894879045321.0403 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-11T13:18:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-11T10:18:45Z", "ms": 894881925321.0403 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:32 on Sun 10 May to 17:29 on Mon 11 May.", "fact": "1998-05-10T12:32:05Z → 1998-05-11T14:29:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 10th, 12:31–13:19 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7997 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 11 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1998 falls on Monday 11 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 15:32 on Sun 10 May to 17:29 on Mon 11 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-05-14", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7397, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-14T21:09:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-14T18:09:16Z", "ms": 895169355686.686 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-15T21:35:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-15T18:35:37Z", "ms": 895257336707.7429 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-14T21:09:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-14T18:09:16Z", "ms": 895169355686.686 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-15T21:35:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-15T18:35:37Z", "ms": 895257336707.7429 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-14T23:12:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-14T20:12:33Z", "ms": 895176753144.304 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-14T23:12:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-14T20:12:33Z", "ms": 895176753144.304 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-16T00:03:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-15T21:03:30Z", "ms": 895266210422.6069 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-16T00:03:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-15T21:03:30Z", "ms": 895266210422.6069 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:09 on Thu 14 May to 21:36 on Fri 15 May.", "fact": "1998-05-14T18:09:16Z → 1998-05-15T18:35:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:13 on the 14th and 00:04 on the 15th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7397 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1998 falls on Thursday 14 May. Caturthī runs from 21:09 on Thu 14 May to 21:36 on Fri 15 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-05-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-05-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23721, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-21T14:27:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-21T11:27:04Z", "ms": 895750024427.4685 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-22T11:37:24+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-22T08:37:24Z", "ms": 895826244036.4429 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-21T14:27:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-21T11:27:04Z", "ms": 895750024427.4685 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-22T11:37:24+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-22T08:37:24Z", "ms": 895826244036.4429 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-21T05:03:15+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-21T02:03:15Z", "ms": 895716194726.635 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-21T05:03:15+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-21T02:03:15Z", "ms": 895716194726.635 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-22T05:02:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-22T02:02:03Z", "ms": 895802522926.8041 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-22T05:02:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-22T02:02:03Z", "ms": 895802522926.8041 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:27 on Thu 21 May to 11:37 on Fri 22 May.", "fact": "1998-05-21T11:27:04Z → 1998-05-22T08:37:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:03 on the 21st and 05:02 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23721 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 22 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Aparā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Friday 22 May. Ekādaśī runs from 14:27 on Thu 21 May to 11:37 on Fri 22 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-05-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-05-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26067, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-23T08:28:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-23T05:28:51Z", "ms": 895901330827.1864 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-24T05:09:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-24T02:09:00Z", "ms": 895975739599.6908 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-23T08:28:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-23T05:28:51Z", "ms": 895901330827.1864 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-24T05:09:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-24T02:09:00Z", "ms": 895975739599.6908 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-22T20:47:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-22T17:47:49Z", "ms": 895859269358.6622 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-22T21:53:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-22T18:53:34Z", "ms": 895863213901.7562 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 66, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-23T20:49:07+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-23T17:49:07Z", "ms": 895945747334.4614 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-23T21:54:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-23T18:54:33Z", "ms": 895949672527.5851 } }, "covered_min": 65, "window_min": 65, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:29 on Sat 23 May to 05:09 on Sun 24 May.", "fact": "1998-05-23T05:28:51Z → 1998-05-24T02:09:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:48–21:54 on the 22nd, 20:49–21:55 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 66 minutes on the 22nd and 65 of 65 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26067 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Saturday 23 May. Trayodaśī runs from 08:29 on Sat 23 May to 05:09 on Sun 24 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-05-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-05-24", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1696, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-24T05:09:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-24T02:09:00Z", "ms": 895975739599.6908 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-25T01:46:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-24T22:46:49Z", "ms": 896050008646.9736 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-24T05:09:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-24T02:09:00Z", "ms": 895975739599.6908 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-25T01:46:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-24T22:46:49Z", "ms": 896050008646.9736 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-24T00:30:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-23T21:30:27Z", "ms": 895959026808.6749 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-24T01:18:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-23T22:18:27Z", "ms": 895961906808.6749 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-25T00:30:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-24T21:30:33Z", "ms": 896045432747.792 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-25T01:18:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-24T22:18:33Z", "ms": 896048312747.792 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:09 on Sun 24 May to 01:47 on Mon 25 May.", "fact": "1998-05-24T02:09:00Z → 1998-05-24T22:46:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:30–01:18 on the 23rd, 00:31–01:19 on the 24th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1696 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 24 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1998 falls on Sunday 24 May. Caturdaśī runs from 05:09 on Sun 24 May to 01:47 on Mon 25 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-05-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7026, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1998-05-27T17:07:18+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-27T14:07:18Z", "ms": 896278038307.5594 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-28T15:16:35+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-28T12:16:35Z", "ms": 896357795191.0797 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-27T17:07:18+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-27T14:07:18Z", "ms": 896278038307.5594 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-28T15:16:35+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-28T12:16:35Z", "ms": 896357795191.0797 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-27T12:31:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-27T09:31:22Z", "ms": 896261482247.1387 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-27T13:19:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-27T10:19:22Z", "ms": 896264362247.1387 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-28T12:31:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-28T09:31:29Z", "ms": 896347888854.8572 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-28T13:19:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-28T10:19:29Z", "ms": 896350768854.8572 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 17:07 on Wed 27 May to 15:17 on Thu 28 May.", "fact": "1998-05-27T14:07:18Z → 1998-05-28T12:16:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 27th, 12:31–13:19 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 7026 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1998 falls on Thursday 28 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 17:07 on Wed 27 May to 15:17 on Thu 28 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-05-29", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3085, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-28T15:16:35+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-28T12:16:35Z", "ms": 896357795191.0797 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-29T14:11:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-29T11:11:01Z", "ms": 896440261355.5195 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-28T15:16:35+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-28T12:16:35Z", "ms": 896357795191.0797 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-29T14:11:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-29T11:11:01Z", "ms": 896440261355.5195 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-28T12:31:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-28T09:31:29Z", "ms": 896347888854.8572 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-28T13:19:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-28T10:19:29Z", "ms": 896350768854.8572 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-29T12:31:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-29T09:31:36Z", "ms": 896434295884.5995 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-29T13:19:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-29T10:19:36Z", "ms": 896437175884.5995 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:17 on Thu 28 May to 14:11 on Fri 29 May.", "fact": "1998-05-28T12:16:35Z → 1998-05-29T11:11:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:31–13:19 on the 28th, 12:32–13:20 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3085 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1998 falls on Friday 29 May. Caturthī runs from 15:17 on Thu 28 May to 14:11 on Fri 29 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-05-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2129, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-30T13:55:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-30T10:55:12Z", "ms": 896525712349.1454 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-31T14:29:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-31T11:29:41Z", "ms": 896614180839.0237 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-30T13:55:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-30T10:55:12Z", "ms": 896525712349.1454 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-31T14:29:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-31T11:29:41Z", "ms": 896614180839.0237 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-30T12:31:43+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-30T09:31:43Z", "ms": 896520703319.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-30T13:19:43+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-30T10:19:43Z", "ms": 896523583319.6187 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-31T12:31:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-31T09:31:51Z", "ms": 896607111143.6309 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-31T13:19:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-31T10:19:51Z", "ms": 896609991143.6309 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:55 on Sat 30 May to 14:30 on Sun 31 May.", "fact": "1998-05-30T10:55:12Z → 1998-05-31T11:29:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 30th, 12:32–13:20 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2129 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 31 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-31", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1998 falls on Sunday 31 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:55 on Sat 30 May to 14:30 on Sun 31 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-05-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2129, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1998-05-30T13:55:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-30T10:55:12Z", "ms": 896525712349.1454 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-31T14:29:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-31T11:29:41Z", "ms": 896614180839.0237 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-05-30T13:55:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-30T10:55:12Z", "ms": 896525712349.1454 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-31T14:29:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-31T11:29:41Z", "ms": 896614180839.0237 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-30T12:31:43+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-30T09:31:43Z", "ms": 896520703319.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-30T13:19:43+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-30T10:19:43Z", "ms": 896523583319.6187 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-05-31T12:31:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-31T09:31:51Z", "ms": 896607111143.6309 }, "end": { "local": "1998-05-31T13:19:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-05-31T10:19:51Z", "ms": 896609991143.6309 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:55 on Sat 30 May to 14:30 on Sun 31 May.", "fact": "1998-05-30T10:55:12Z → 1998-05-31T11:29:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:32–13:20 on the 30th, 12:32–13:20 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2129 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 31 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-05-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1998 falls on Sunday 31 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:55 on Sat 30 May to 14:30 on Sun 31 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-06-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13327, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-06-04T22:40:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-04T19:40:16Z", "ms": 896989215833.6578 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-06T01:06:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-05T22:06:56Z", "ms": 897084416471.476 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-06-04T22:40:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-04T19:40:16Z", "ms": 896989215833.6578 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-06T01:06:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-05T22:06:56Z", "ms": 897084416471.476 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-05T04:49:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-05T01:49:37Z", "ms": 897011377114.1069 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-05T04:49:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-05T01:49:37Z", "ms": 897011377114.1069 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-06T04:49:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-06T01:49:04Z", "ms": 897097743791.6903 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-06T04:49:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-06T01:49:04Z", "ms": 897097743791.6903 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:40 on Thu 4 Jun to 01:07 on Sat 6 Jun.", "fact": "1998-06-04T19:40:16Z → 1998-06-05T22:06:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:50 on the 5th and 04:49 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13327 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Friday 5 June. Ekādaśī runs from 22:40 on Thu 4 Jun to 01:07 on Sat 6 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-06-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33302, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-06-06T01:06:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-05T22:06:56Z", "ms": 897084416471.476 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-07T03:17:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-07T00:17:54Z", "ms": 897178673770.5739 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-06-06T01:06:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-05T22:06:56Z", "ms": 897084416471.476 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-07T03:17:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-07T00:17:54Z", "ms": 897178673770.5739 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-06T12:32:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-06T09:32:45Z", "ms": 897125565362.6595 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-06T13:20:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-06T10:20:45Z", "ms": 897128445362.6595 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-07T12:32:55+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-07T09:32:55Z", "ms": 897211975464.1592 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-07T13:20:55+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-07T10:20:55Z", "ms": 897214855464.1592 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:07 on Sat 6 Jun to 03:18 on Sun 7 Jun.", "fact": "1998-06-05T22:06:56Z → 1998-06-07T00:17:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:33–13:21 on the 6th, 12:33–13:21 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33302 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 6 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1998 falls on Saturday 6 June. Dvādaśī runs from 01:07 on Sat 6 Jun to 03:18 on Sun 7 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-06-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-06-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18694, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-06-07T03:17:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-07T00:17:54Z", "ms": 897178673770.5739 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-08T05:05:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-08T02:05:31Z", "ms": 897271530698.9602 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-06-07T03:17:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-07T00:17:54Z", "ms": 897178673770.5739 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-08T05:05:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-08T02:05:31Z", "ms": 897271530698.9602 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-06T21:04:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-06T18:04:27Z", "ms": 897156266933.6288 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-06T22:06:20+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-06T19:06:20Z", "ms": 897159979781.5203 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 62, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-06-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-07T21:05:18+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-07T18:05:18Z", "ms": 897242717635.504 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-07T22:07:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-07T19:07:00Z", "ms": 897246420036.162 } }, "covered_min": 62, "window_min": 62, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:18 on Sun 7 Jun to 05:06 on Mon 8 Jun.", "fact": "1998-06-07T00:17:54Z → 1998-06-08T02:05:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:04–22:06 on the 6th, 21:05–22:07 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 62 minutes on the 6th and 62 of 62 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18694 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 7 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Sunday 7 June. Trayodaśī runs from 03:18 on Sun 7 Jun to 05:06 on Mon 8 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-06-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-06-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29896, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-06-09T06:25:55+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-09T03:25:55Z", "ms": 897362754896.7693 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-10T07:18:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-10T04:18:17Z", "ms": 897452297092.6625 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-06-09T06:25:55+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-09T03:25:55Z", "ms": 897362754896.7693 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-10T07:18:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-10T04:18:17Z", "ms": 897452297092.6625 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-08T21:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-08T18:06:06Z", "ms": 897329166013.9237 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-08T22:07:39+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-08T19:07:39Z", "ms": 897332858659.4374 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 62, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-09T21:06:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-09T18:06:52Z", "ms": 897415612015.7566 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-09T22:08:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-09T19:08:16Z", "ms": 897419295607.7522 } }, "covered_min": 61, "window_min": 61, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:26 on Tue 9 Jun to 07:18 on Wed 10 Jun.", "fact": "1998-06-09T03:25:55Z → 1998-06-10T04:18:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:06–22:08 on the 8th, 21:07–22:08 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 62 minutes on the 8th and 61 of 61 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29896 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 9 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1998 falls on Tuesday 9 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:26 on Tue 9 Jun to 07:18 on Wed 10 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-06-13", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-06-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25762, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-06-13T07:22:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-13T04:22:56Z", "ms": 897711775571.6204 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-14T06:40:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-14T03:40:26Z", "ms": 897795626474.4084 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-06-13T07:22:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-13T04:22:56Z", "ms": 897711775571.6204 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-14T06:40:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-14T03:40:26Z", "ms": 897795626474.4084 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-12T22:49:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-12T19:49:09Z", "ms": 897680948905.5793 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-12T22:49:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-12T19:49:09Z", "ms": 897680948905.5793 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-13T23:31:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-13T20:31:04Z", "ms": 897769864206.3528 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-13T23:31:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-13T20:31:04Z", "ms": 897769864206.3528 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:23 on Sat 13 Jun to 06:40 on Sun 14 Jun.", "fact": "1998-06-13T04:22:56Z → 1998-06-14T03:40:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:49 on the 12th and 23:31 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25762 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 13 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1998 falls on Saturday 13 June. Caturthī runs from 07:23 on Sat 13 Jun to 06:40 on Sun 14 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-06-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-06-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32308, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-06-19T19:47:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-19T16:47:52Z", "ms": 898274872350.8702 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-20T17:06:13+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-20T14:06:13Z", "ms": 898351573005.1389 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-06-19T19:47:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-19T16:47:52Z", "ms": 898274872350.8702 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-20T17:06:13+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-20T14:06:13Z", "ms": 898351573005.1389 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-20T04:46:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-20T01:46:21Z", "ms": 898307180819.2686 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-20T04:46:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-20T01:46:21Z", "ms": 898307180819.2686 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-21T04:46:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-21T01:46:31Z", "ms": 898393591065.8094 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-21T04:46:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-21T01:46:31Z", "ms": 898393591065.8094 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:48 on Fri 19 Jun to 17:06 on Sat 20 Jun.", "fact": "1998-06-19T16:47:52Z → 1998-06-20T14:06:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:46 on the 20th and 04:47 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32308 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Saturday 20 June. Ekādaśī runs from 19:48 on Fri 19 Jun to 17:06 on Sat 20 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-06-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-06-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-06-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24759, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-06-21T14:20:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-21T11:20:03Z", "ms": 898428003339.8876 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-22T11:36:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-22T08:36:31Z", "ms": 898504590754.1385 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-06-21T14:20:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-21T11:20:03Z", "ms": 898428003339.8876 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-22T11:36:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-22T08:36:31Z", "ms": 898504590754.1385 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-21T21:12:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-21T18:12:42Z", "ms": 898452762060.0579 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-21T22:13:14+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-21T19:13:14Z", "ms": 898456394341.6794 } }, "covered_min": 61, "window_min": 61, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-22T21:12:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-22T18:12:53Z", "ms": 898539173238.6375 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-22T22:13:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-22T19:13:26Z", "ms": 898542806154.6274 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 61, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:20 on Sun 21 Jun to 11:37 on Mon 22 Jun.", "fact": "1998-06-21T11:20:03Z → 1998-06-22T08:36:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:13–22:13 on the 21st, 21:13–22:13 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 61 of 61 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 61 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24759 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 21 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Sunday 21 June. Trayodaśī runs from 14:20 on Sun 21 Jun to 11:37 on Mon 22 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-06-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-06-22", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-06-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27586, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-06-22T11:36:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-22T08:36:31Z", "ms": 898504590754.1385 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-23T09:03:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-23T06:03:42Z", "ms": 898581822435.3057 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-06-22T11:36:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-22T08:36:31Z", "ms": 898504590754.1385 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-23T09:03:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-23T06:03:42Z", "ms": 898581822435.3057 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-22T00:35:43+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-21T21:35:43Z", "ms": 898464943116.1389 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-22T01:23:43+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-21T22:23:43Z", "ms": 898467823116.1389 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-23T00:35:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-22T21:35:57Z", "ms": 898551356673.5999 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-23T01:23:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-22T22:23:57Z", "ms": 898554236673.5999 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:37 on Mon 22 Jun to 09:04 on Tue 23 Jun.", "fact": "1998-06-22T08:36:31Z → 1998-06-23T06:03:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:36–01:24 on the 21st, 00:36–01:24 on the 22nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27586 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 22 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1998 falls on Monday 22 June. Caturdaśī runs from 11:37 on Mon 22 Jun to 09:04 on Tue 23 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-06-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-06-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27096, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1998-06-25T05:04:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-25T02:04:49Z", "ms": 898740289092.3187 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-26T03:55:02+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-26T00:55:02Z", "ms": 898822502059.5181 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-06-25T05:04:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-25T02:04:49Z", "ms": 898740289092.3187 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-26T03:55:02+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-26T00:55:02Z", "ms": 898822502059.5181 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-06-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-25T12:36:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-25T09:36:25Z", "ms": 898767384779.4156 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-25T13:24:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-25T10:24:25Z", "ms": 898770264779.4156 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-26T12:36:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-26T09:36:37Z", "ms": 898853796594.2227 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-26T13:24:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-26T10:24:37Z", "ms": 898856676594.2227 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 05:05 on Thu 25 Jun to 03:55 on Fri 26 Jun.", "fact": "1998-06-25T02:04:49Z → 1998-06-26T00:55:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 25th, 12:37–13:25 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27096 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 25 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rathayātrā 1998 falls on Thursday 25 June. Dvitīyā runs from 05:05 on Thu 25 Jun to 03:55 on Fri 26 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-06-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-06-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32009, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-06-27T03:26:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-27T00:26:53Z", "ms": 898907213461.2906 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-28T03:43:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-28T00:43:31Z", "ms": 898994610508.5426 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-06-27T03:26:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-27T00:26:53Z", "ms": 898907213461.2906 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-28T03:43:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-28T00:43:31Z", "ms": 898994610508.5426 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-27T12:36:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-27T09:36:48Z", "ms": 898940208259.7802 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-27T13:24:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-27T10:24:48Z", "ms": 898943088259.7802 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-28T12:37:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-28T09:37:00Z", "ms": 899026619751.1299 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-28T13:25:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-28T10:25:00Z", "ms": 899029499751.1299 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:27 on Sat 27 Jun to 03:44 on Sun 28 Jun.", "fact": "1998-06-27T00:26:53Z → 1998-06-28T00:43:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:37–13:25 on the 27th, 12:37–13:25 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32009 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 27 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1998 falls on Saturday 27 June. Caturthī runs from 03:27 on Sat 27 Jun to 03:44 on Sun 28 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-06-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28382, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1998-06-28T03:43:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-28T00:43:31Z", "ms": 898994610508.5426 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-29T04:44:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-29T01:44:09Z", "ms": 899084648550.8962 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-06-28T03:43:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-28T00:43:31Z", "ms": 898994610508.5426 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-29T04:44:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-29T01:44:09Z", "ms": 899084648550.8962 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-28T12:37:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-28T09:37:00Z", "ms": 899026619751.1299 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-28T13:25:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-28T10:25:00Z", "ms": 899029499751.1299 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-29T12:37:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-29T09:37:11Z", "ms": 899113031044.4937 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-29T13:25:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-29T10:25:11Z", "ms": 899115911044.4937 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 03:44 on Sun 28 Jun to 04:44 on Mon 29 Jun.", "fact": "1998-06-28T00:43:31Z → 1998-06-29T01:44:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:37–13:25 on the 28th, 12:37–13:25 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28382 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Skanda Pañcamī 1998 falls on Sunday 28 June. Pañcamī runs from 03:44 on Sun 28 Jun to 04:44 on Mon 29 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14747, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1998-06-30T06:23:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-30T03:23:30Z", "ms": 899177009911.6683 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-01T08:31:46+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-01T05:31:46Z", "ms": 899271106434.5746 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-06-30T06:23:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-30T03:23:30Z", "ms": 899177009911.6683 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-01T08:31:46+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-01T05:31:46Z", "ms": 899271106434.5746 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-06-30T12:37:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-30T09:37:22Z", "ms": 899199442117.1975 }, "end": { "local": "1998-06-30T13:25:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-06-30T10:25:22Z", "ms": 899202322117.1975 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-01T12:37:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-01T09:37:33Z", "ms": 899285852947.3984 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-01T13:25:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-01T10:25:33Z", "ms": 899288732947.3984 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 06:23 on Tue 30 Jun to 08:32 on Wed 1 Jul.", "fact": "1998-06-30T03:23:30Z → 1998-07-01T05:31:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:37–13:25 on the 30th, 12:38–13:26 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14747 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vivasvat Saptamī 1998 falls on Tuesday 30 June. Saptamī runs from 06:23 on Tue 30 Jun to 08:32 on Wed 1 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-07-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38362, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-07-04T15:32:13+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-04T12:32:13Z", "ms": 899555533066.187 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-05T17:19:44+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-05T14:19:44Z", "ms": 899648384417.1957 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-04T15:32:13+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-04T12:32:13Z", "ms": 899555533066.187 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-05T17:19:44+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-05T14:19:44Z", "ms": 899648384417.1957 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-04T04:52:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-04T01:52:51Z", "ms": 899517170992.5256 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-04T04:52:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-04T01:52:51Z", "ms": 899517170992.5256 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-05T04:53:38+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-05T01:53:38Z", "ms": 899603617650.2037 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-05T04:53:38+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-05T01:53:38Z", "ms": 899603617650.2037 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:32 on Sat 4 Jul to 17:20 on Sun 5 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-04T12:32:13Z → 1998-07-05T14:19:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:53 on the 4th and 04:54 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38362 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Sunday 5 July. Ekādaśī runs from 15:32 on Sat 4 Jul to 17:20 on Sun 5 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-07-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-07-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6734, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-07-06T18:35:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-06T15:35:53Z", "ms": 899739353127.7487 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-07T19:17:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-07T16:17:32Z", "ms": 899828251548.3394 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-06T18:35:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-06T15:35:53Z", "ms": 899739353127.7487 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-07T19:17:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-07T16:17:32Z", "ms": 899828251548.3394 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-06T21:10:19+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-06T18:10:19Z", "ms": 899748618999.3973 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-06T22:12:19+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-06T19:12:19Z", "ms": 899752338813.2496 } }, "covered_min": 62, "window_min": 62, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-07T21:09:46+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-07T18:09:46Z", "ms": 899834985882.711 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-07T22:11:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-07T19:11:57Z", "ms": 899838717202.7019 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 62, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:36 on Mon 6 Jul to 19:18 on Tue 7 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-06T15:35:53Z → 1998-07-07T16:17:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:10–22:12 on the 6th, 21:10–22:12 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 62 of 62 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 62 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6734 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 6 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Monday 6 July. Trayodaśī runs from 18:36 on Mon 6 Jul to 19:18 on Tue 7 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-07-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-08", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3999, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-07-08T19:24:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T16:24:57Z", "ms": 899915097174.597 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-09T19:00:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T16:00:53Z", "ms": 900000053002.9071 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-08T19:24:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T16:24:57Z", "ms": 899915097174.597 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-09T19:00:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T16:00:53Z", "ms": 900000053002.9071 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-08T17:54:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T14:54:34Z", "ms": 899909674088.7283 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-08T21:09:10+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T18:09:10Z", "ms": 899921349915.2498 } }, "covered_min": 104, "window_min": 195, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-09T17:54:14+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T14:54:14Z", "ms": 899996054106.2703 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-09T21:08:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T18:08:31Z", "ms": 900007711128.1317 } }, "covered_min": 67, "window_min": 194, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:25 on Wed 8 Jul to 19:01 on Thu 9 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-08T16:24:57Z → 1998-07-09T16:00:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:55–21:09 on the 8th, 17:54–21:09 on the 9th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 104 of 195 minutes on the 8th and 67 of 194 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both late afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 3999 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-08", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-08", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kokilā Vrata 1998 falls on Wednesday 8 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:25 on Wed 8 Jul to 19:01 on Thu 9 Jul and covers 104 of 195 minutes of sāyāhna that late afternoon. It also reaches the next late afternoon for 67 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6253, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-07-08T19:24:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T16:24:57Z", "ms": 899915097174.597 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-09T19:00:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T16:00:53Z", "ms": 900000053002.9071 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-08T19:24:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T16:24:57Z", "ms": 899915097174.597 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-09T19:00:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T16:00:53Z", "ms": 900000053002.9071 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-08T21:09:10+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T18:09:10Z", "ms": 899921349915.2498 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-08T22:11:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T19:11:33Z", "ms": 899925093395.7264 } }, "covered_min": 62, "window_min": 62, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-09T21:08:31+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T18:08:31Z", "ms": 900007711128.1317 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-09T22:11:07+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T19:11:07Z", "ms": 900011467411.4053 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 63, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:25 on Wed 8 Jul to 19:01 on Thu 9 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-08T16:24:57Z → 1998-07-09T16:00:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 21:09–22:12 on the 8th, 21:09–22:11 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 62 of 62 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 63 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6253 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śiva Śayanotsava 1998 falls on Wednesday 8 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:25 on Wed 8 Jul to 19:01 on Thu 9 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34329, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-07-08T19:24:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T16:24:57Z", "ms": 899915097174.597 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-09T19:00:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T16:00:53Z", "ms": 900000053002.9071 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-08T19:24:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T16:24:57Z", "ms": 899915097174.597 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-09T19:00:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T16:00:53Z", "ms": 900000053002.9071 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-09T04:57:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T01:57:06Z", "ms": 899949426018.8245 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-09T08:11:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T05:11:23Z", "ms": 899961083040.6859 } }, "covered_min": 194, "window_min": 194, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-10T04:58:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-10T01:58:03Z", "ms": 900035883252.6831 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-10T08:12:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-10T05:12:01Z", "ms": 900047520513.081 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 194, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:25 on Wed 8 Jul to 19:01 on Thu 9 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-08T16:24:57Z → 1998-07-09T16:00:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 04:57–08:11 on the 9th, 04:58–08:12 on the 10th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 194 of 194 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 194 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34329 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 9 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vyāsa Pūjā 1998 falls on Thursday 9 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:25 on Wed 8 Jul to 19:01 on Thu 9 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20044, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-07-08T19:24:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T16:24:57Z", "ms": 899915097174.597 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-09T19:00:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T16:00:53Z", "ms": 900000053002.9071 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-08T19:24:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T16:24:57Z", "ms": 899915097174.597 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-09T19:00:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T16:00:53Z", "ms": 900000053002.9071 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-08T12:38:40+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T09:38:40Z", "ms": 899890720348.946 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-08T13:26:40+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-08T10:26:40Z", "ms": 899893600348.946 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-09T12:38:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T09:38:49Z", "ms": 899977128573.478 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-09T13:26:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-09T10:26:49Z", "ms": 899980008573.478 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:25 on Wed 8 Jul to 19:01 on Thu 9 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-08T16:24:57Z → 1998-07-09T16:00:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 8th, 12:39–13:27 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20044 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 9 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Guru Pūrṇimā 1998 falls on Thursday 9 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:25 on Wed 8 Jul to 19:01 on Thu 9 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12030, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1998-07-10T18:09:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-10T15:09:26Z", "ms": 900083365620.8406 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-11T16:55:13+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-11T13:55:13Z", "ms": 900165312581.7507 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-10T18:09:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-10T15:09:26Z", "ms": 900083365620.8406 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-11T16:55:13+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-11T13:55:13Z", "ms": 900165312581.7507 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-10T21:29:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-10T18:29:56Z", "ms": 900095395897.8364 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-10T21:29:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-10T18:29:56Z", "ms": 900095395897.8364 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-11T22:09:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-11T19:09:16Z", "ms": 900184155529.1577 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-11T22:09:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-11T19:09:16Z", "ms": 900184155529.1577 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 18:09 on Fri 10 Jul to 16:55 on Sat 11 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-10T15:09:26Z → 1998-07-11T13:55:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:30 on the 10th and 22:09 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12030 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Kyiv, 1998: Friday 10 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1998 falls on Friday 10 July. Dvitīyā runs from 18:09 on Fri 10 Jul to 16:55 on Sat 11 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-07-12", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26451, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-07-12T15:22:44+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-12T12:22:44Z", "ms": 900246163985.6633 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-13T13:35:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-13T10:35:59Z", "ms": 900326159302.1669 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-12T15:22:44+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-12T12:22:44Z", "ms": 900246163985.6633 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-13T13:35:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-13T10:35:59Z", "ms": 900326159302.1669 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-12T22:43:35+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-12T19:43:35Z", "ms": 900272615296.9182 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-12T22:43:35+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-12T19:43:35Z", "ms": 900272615296.9182 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-13T23:14:18+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-13T20:14:18Z", "ms": 900360857899.3918 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-13T23:14:18+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-13T20:14:18Z", "ms": 900360857899.3918 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:23 on Sun 12 Jul to 13:36 on Mon 13 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-12T12:22:44Z → 1998-07-13T10:35:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:44 on the 12th and 23:14 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26451 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1998 falls on Sunday 12 July. Caturthī runs from 15:23 on Sun 12 Jul to 13:36 on Mon 13 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-07-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-07-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16331, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-07-19T00:35:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-18T21:35:47Z", "ms": 900797746883.3086 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-19T22:28:20+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-19T19:28:20Z", "ms": 900876499640.0547 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-19T00:35:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-18T21:35:47Z", "ms": 900797746883.3086 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-19T22:28:20+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-19T19:28:20Z", "ms": 900876499640.0547 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-19T05:07:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-19T02:07:58Z", "ms": 900814078359.3988 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-19T05:07:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-19T02:07:58Z", "ms": 900814078359.3988 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-20T05:09:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-20T02:09:12Z", "ms": 900900552225.1104 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-20T05:09:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-20T02:09:12Z", "ms": 900900552225.1104 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:36 on Sun 19 Jul to 22:28 on Sun 19 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-18T21:35:47Z → 1998-07-19T19:28:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:08 on the 19th and 05:09 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16331 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Sunday 19 July. Ekādaśī runs from 00:36 on Sun 19 Jul to 22:28 on Sun 19 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-07-20", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1596, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-07-20T20:31:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-20T17:31:53Z", "ms": 900955913101.7059 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-21T18:51:50+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-21T15:51:50Z", "ms": 901036310307.6506 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-20T20:31:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-20T17:31:53Z", "ms": 900955913101.7059 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-21T18:51:50+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-21T15:51:50Z", "ms": 901036310307.6506 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-20T20:58:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-20T17:58:29Z", "ms": 900957508894.6714 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-20T22:04:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-20T19:04:05Z", "ms": 900961444694.9504 } }, "covered_min": 66, "window_min": 66, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-21T20:57:19+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-21T17:57:19Z", "ms": 901043839229.0497 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-21T22:03:15+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-21T19:03:15Z", "ms": 901047794506.0128 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 66, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:32 on Mon 20 Jul to 18:52 on Tue 21 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-20T17:31:53Z → 1998-07-21T15:51:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:58–22:04 on the 20th, 20:57–22:03 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 66 of 66 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 66 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1596 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Monday 20 July. Trayodaśī runs from 20:32 on Mon 20 Jul to 18:52 on Tue 21 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-07-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-07-21", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20921, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-07-21T18:51:50+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-21T15:51:50Z", "ms": 901036310307.6506 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-22T17:33:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-22T14:33:56Z", "ms": 901118035605.3933 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-21T18:51:50+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-21T15:51:50Z", "ms": 901036310307.6506 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-22T17:33:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-22T14:33:56Z", "ms": 901118035605.3933 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-22T00:40:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-21T21:40:32Z", "ms": 901057231517.6614 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-22T01:28:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-21T22:28:32Z", "ms": 901060111517.6614 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-23T00:40:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-22T21:40:34Z", "ms": 901143634322.0056 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-23T01:28:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-22T22:28:34Z", "ms": 901146514322.0056 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:52 on Tue 21 Jul to 17:34 on Wed 22 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-21T15:51:50Z → 1998-07-22T14:33:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:41–01:29 on the 21st, 00:41–01:29 on the 22nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20921 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 21 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1998 falls on Tuesday 21 July. Caturdaśī runs from 18:52 on Tue 21 Jul to 17:34 on Wed 22 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-07-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11817, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1998-07-25T16:44:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-25T13:44:56Z", "ms": 901374295590.2223 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-26T17:40:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-26T14:40:37Z", "ms": 901464037179.2224 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-25T16:44:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-25T13:44:56Z", "ms": 901374295590.2223 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-26T17:40:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-26T14:40:37Z", "ms": 901464037179.2224 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-25T12:39:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-25T09:39:59Z", "ms": 901359598862.2589 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-25T13:27:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-25T10:27:59Z", "ms": 901362478862.2589 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-26T12:39:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-26T09:39:59Z", "ms": 901445998827.4948 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-26T13:27:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-26T10:27:59Z", "ms": 901448878827.4948 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 16:45 on Sat 25 Jul to 17:41 on Sun 26 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-25T13:44:56Z → 1998-07-26T14:40:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 25th, 12:40–13:28 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11817 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 26 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1998 falls on Sunday 26 July. Tṛtīyā runs from 16:45 on Sat 25 Jul to 17:41 on Sun 26 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-07-27", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15158, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-07-26T17:40:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-26T14:40:37Z", "ms": 901464037179.2224 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-27T19:11:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-27T16:11:11Z", "ms": 901555871460.0541 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-26T17:40:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-26T14:40:37Z", "ms": 901464037179.2224 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-27T19:11:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-27T16:11:11Z", "ms": 901555871460.0541 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-26T12:39:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-26T09:39:59Z", "ms": 901445998827.4948 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-26T13:27:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-26T10:27:59Z", "ms": 901448878827.4948 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-27T12:39:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-27T09:39:58Z", "ms": 901532398205.7258 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-27T13:27:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-27T10:27:58Z", "ms": 901535278205.7258 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:41 on Sun 26 Jul to 19:11 on Mon 27 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-26T14:40:37Z → 1998-07-27T16:11:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 26th, 12:40–13:28 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15158 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 27 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1998 falls on Monday 27 July. Caturthī runs from 17:41 on Sun 26 Jul to 19:11 on Mon 27 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-07-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-07-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20593, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1998-07-27T19:11:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-27T16:11:11Z", "ms": 901555871460.0541 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-28T21:10:40+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-28T18:10:40Z", "ms": 901649439552.504 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-07-27T19:11:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-27T16:11:11Z", "ms": 901555871460.0541 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-28T21:10:40+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-28T18:10:40Z", "ms": 901649439552.504 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-27T12:39:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-27T09:39:58Z", "ms": 901532398205.7258 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-27T13:27:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-27T10:27:58Z", "ms": 901535278205.7258 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-07-28T12:39:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-28T09:39:57Z", "ms": 901618796990.3798 }, "end": { "local": "1998-07-28T13:27:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-07-28T10:27:57Z", "ms": 901621676990.3798 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 19:11 on Mon 27 Jul to 21:11 on Tue 28 Jul.", "fact": "1998-07-27T16:11:11Z → 1998-07-28T18:10:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 27th, 12:40–13:28 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20593 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 28 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-07-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Nāga Pañcamī 1998 falls on Tuesday 28 July. Pañcamī runs from 19:11 on Mon 27 Jul to 21:11 on Tue 28 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-08-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7655, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-03T07:35:50+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-03T04:35:50Z", "ms": 902118949771.5315 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-04T08:24:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-04T05:24:06Z", "ms": 902208246161.2026 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-03T07:35:50+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-03T04:35:50Z", "ms": 902118949771.5315 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-04T08:24:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-04T05:24:06Z", "ms": 902208246161.2026 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-03T05:28:15+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-03T02:28:15Z", "ms": 902111294542.1691 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-03T05:28:15+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-03T02:28:15Z", "ms": 902111294542.1691 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-04T05:29:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-04T02:29:42Z", "ms": 902197781589.0115 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-04T05:29:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-04T02:29:42Z", "ms": 902197781589.0115 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:36 on Mon 3 Aug to 08:24 on Tue 4 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-03T04:35:50Z → 1998-08-04T05:24:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:28 on the 3rd and 05:30 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 3rd and is on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7655 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Putradā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Tuesday 4 August. Ekādaśī runs from 07:36 on Mon 3 Aug to 08:24 on Tue 4 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-08-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14870, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-04T08:24:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-04T05:24:06Z", "ms": 902208246161.2026 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-05T08:31:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-05T05:31:36Z", "ms": 902295095703.7246 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-04T08:24:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-04T05:24:06Z", "ms": 902208246161.2026 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-05T08:31:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-05T05:31:36Z", "ms": 902295095703.7246 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-04T12:39:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-04T09:39:32Z", "ms": 902223571595.0818 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-04T13:27:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-04T10:27:32Z", "ms": 902226451595.0818 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-05T12:39:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-05T09:39:26Z", "ms": 902309965554.898 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-05T13:27:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-05T10:27:26Z", "ms": 902312845554.898 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 08:24 on Tue 4 Aug to 08:32 on Wed 5 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-04T05:24:06Z → 1998-08-05T05:31:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:40–13:28 on the 4th, 12:39–13:27 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14870 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 4 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1998 falls on Tuesday 4 August. Dvādaśī runs from 08:24 on Tue 4 Aug to 08:32 on Wed 5 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-08-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36705, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-05T08:31:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-05T05:31:36Z", "ms": 902295095703.7246 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-06T07:59:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-06T04:59:03Z", "ms": 902379542513.5416 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-05T08:31:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-05T05:31:36Z", "ms": 902295095703.7246 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-06T07:59:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-06T04:59:03Z", "ms": 902379542513.5416 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-04T20:37:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-04T17:37:22Z", "ms": 902252241601.152 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-04T21:48:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-04T18:48:32Z", "ms": 902256511935.3441 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 71, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-05T20:35:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-05T17:35:42Z", "ms": 902338542002.2028 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-05T21:47:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-05T18:47:17Z", "ms": 902342837343.2711 } }, "covered_min": 72, "window_min": 72, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:32 on Wed 5 Aug to 07:59 on Thu 6 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-05T05:31:36Z → 1998-08-06T04:59:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:37–21:49 on the 4th, 20:36–21:47 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 71 minutes on the 4th and 72 of 72 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36705 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 5 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Wednesday 5 August. Trayodaśī runs from 08:32 on Wed 5 Aug to 07:59 on Thu 6 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-08-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1557, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-08-07T06:49:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-07T03:49:56Z", "ms": 902461796199.5092 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-08T05:09:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-08T02:09:37Z", "ms": 902542177431.7793 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1998-08-07T18:03:18+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-07T15:03:18Z", "ms": 902502197887.5859 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-08T05:09:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-08T02:09:37Z", "ms": 902542177431.7793 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-07T05:34:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-07T02:34:05Z", "ms": 902457245412.0507 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-08T05:35:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-08T02:35:34Z", "ms": 902543734131.2493 } }, "covered_min": 666, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-08T05:35:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-08T02:35:34Z", "ms": 902543734131.2493 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-09T05:37:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-09T02:37:03Z", "ms": 902630223188.8843 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:50 on Fri 7 Aug to 05:10 on Sat 8 Aug. Its second half begins at 18:03 on Fri 7 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-07T03:49:56Z → 1998-08-08T02:09:37Z · second half from 1998-08-07T15:03:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:34 on the 7th, and from 05:36 on the 8th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 666 of 1441 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 1441 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1557 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1998 falls on Friday 7 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 18:03 on Fri 7 Aug to 05:10 on Sat 8 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20956, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-08-07T06:49:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-07T03:49:56Z", "ms": 902461796199.5092 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-08T05:09:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-08T02:09:37Z", "ms": 902542177431.7793 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-07T06:49:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-07T03:49:56Z", "ms": 902461796199.5092 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-08T05:09:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-08T02:09:37Z", "ms": 902542177431.7793 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-07T12:39:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-07T09:39:12Z", "ms": 902482751701.468 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-07T13:27:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-07T10:27:12Z", "ms": 902485631701.468 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-08T12:39:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-08T09:39:04Z", "ms": 902569143902.8604 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-08T13:27:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-08T10:27:04Z", "ms": 902572023902.8604 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 06:50 on Fri 7 Aug to 05:10 on Sat 8 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-07T03:49:56Z → 1998-08-08T02:09:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 7th, 12:39–13:27 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20956 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1998 falls on Friday 7 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 06:50 on Fri 7 Aug to 05:10 on Sat 8 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12331, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1998-08-09T03:04:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-09T00:04:29Z", "ms": 902621069374.4061 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-10T00:41:20+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-09T21:41:20Z", "ms": 902698879512.7487 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-09T03:04:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-09T00:04:29Z", "ms": 902621069374.4061 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-10T00:41:20+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-09T21:41:20Z", "ms": 902698879512.7487 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-08T20:42:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-08T17:42:48Z", "ms": 902598167802.644 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-08T20:42:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-08T17:42:48Z", "ms": 902598167802.644 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-09T21:15:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-09T18:15:48Z", "ms": 902686548432.7139 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-09T21:15:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-09T18:15:48Z", "ms": 902686548432.7139 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 03:04 on Sun 9 Aug to 00:41 on Mon 10 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-09T00:04:29Z → 1998-08-09T21:41:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:43 on the 8th and 21:16 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12331 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 9 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1998 falls on Sunday 9 August. Dvitīyā runs from 03:04 on Sun 9 Aug to 00:41 on Mon 10 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31205, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1998-08-10T00:41:20+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-09T21:41:20Z", "ms": 902698879512.7487 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-10T22:06:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-10T19:06:52Z", "ms": 902776012055.4017 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-10T00:41:20+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-09T21:41:20Z", "ms": 902698879512.7487 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-10T22:06:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-10T19:06:52Z", "ms": 902776012055.4017 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-09T12:38:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-09T09:38:56Z", "ms": 902655535534.791 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-09T13:26:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-09T10:26:56Z", "ms": 902658415534.791 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-10T12:38:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-10T09:38:47Z", "ms": 902741926607.3413 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-10T13:26:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-10T10:26:47Z", "ms": 902744806607.3413 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 00:41 on Mon 10 Aug to 22:07 on Mon 10 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-09T21:41:20Z → 1998-08-10T19:06:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:39–13:27 on the 9th, 12:39–13:27 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31205 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1998 falls on Monday 10 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 00:41 on Mon 10 Aug to 22:07 on Mon 10 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-08-10", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-10", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1253, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-10T22:06:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-10T19:06:52Z", "ms": 902776012055.4017 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-11T19:27:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-11T16:27:29Z", "ms": 902852849177.3243 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-10T22:06:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-10T19:06:52Z", "ms": 902776012055.4017 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-11T19:27:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-11T16:27:29Z", "ms": 902852849177.3243 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-10T21:45:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-10T18:45:59Z", "ms": 902774758706.3854 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-10T21:45:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-10T18:45:59Z", "ms": 902774758706.3854 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-11T22:14:46+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-11T19:14:46Z", "ms": 902862886376.5603 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-11T22:14:46+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-11T19:14:46Z", "ms": 902862886376.5603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:07 on Mon 10 Aug to 19:27 on Tue 11 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-10T19:06:52Z → 1998-08-11T16:27:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:46 on the 10th and 22:15 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1253 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-10", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-10", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1998 falls on Monday 10 August. Caturthī runs from 22:07 on Mon 10 Aug to 19:27 on Tue 11 Aug, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-08-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3463, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-10T22:06:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-10T19:06:52Z", "ms": 902776012055.4017 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-11T19:27:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-11T16:27:29Z", "ms": 902852849177.3243 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-10T22:06:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-10T19:06:52Z", "ms": 902776012055.4017 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-11T19:27:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-11T16:27:29Z", "ms": 902852849177.3243 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-10T17:29:19+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-10T14:29:19Z", "ms": 902759359036.5609 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-10T20:27:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-10T17:27:01Z", "ms": 902770020656.0406 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 178, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-11T17:28:10+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-11T14:28:10Z", "ms": 902845690080.1835 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-11T20:25:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-11T17:25:12Z", "ms": 902856312046.1715 } }, "covered_min": 119, "window_min": 177, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:07 on Mon 10 Aug to 19:27 on Tue 11 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-10T19:06:52Z → 1998-08-11T16:27:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 17:29–20:27 on the 10th, 17:28–20:25 on the 11th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 178 minutes on the 10th and 119 of 177 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3463 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Bahulā Caturthī 1998 falls on Tuesday 11 August. Caturthī runs from 22:07 on Mon 10 Aug to 19:27 on Tue 11 Aug and covers 119 of 177 minutes of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3013, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-12T16:48:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-12T13:48:59Z", "ms": 902929739081.4445 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-13T14:16:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-13T11:16:29Z", "ms": 903006989345.1746 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-12T16:48:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-12T13:48:59Z", "ms": 902929739081.4445 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-13T14:16:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-13T11:16:29Z", "ms": 903006989345.1746 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-12T12:38:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-12T09:38:27Z", "ms": 902914707117.2764 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-12T13:26:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-12T10:26:27Z", "ms": 902917587117.2764 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-13T12:38:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-13T09:38:17Z", "ms": 903001096576.2867 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-13T13:26:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-13T10:26:17Z", "ms": 903003976576.2867 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:49 on Wed 12 Aug to 14:16 on Thu 13 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-12T13:48:59Z → 1998-08-13T11:16:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:38–13:26 on the 12th, 12:38–13:26 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3013 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 13 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1998 falls on Thursday 13 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:49 on Wed 12 Aug to 14:16 on Thu 13 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29978, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-14T11:54:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-14T08:54:25Z", "ms": 903084864669.2206 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-15T09:46:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-15T06:46:29Z", "ms": 903163588564.4476 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-14T11:54:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-14T08:54:25Z", "ms": 903084864669.2206 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-15T09:46:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-15T06:46:29Z", "ms": 903163588564.4476 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-14T00:39:02+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-13T21:39:02Z", "ms": 903044341768.3809 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-14T01:27:02+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-13T22:27:02Z", "ms": 903047221768.3809 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-15T00:38:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-14T21:38:51Z", "ms": 903130730808.8369 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-15T01:26:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-14T22:26:51Z", "ms": 903133610808.8369 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:54 on Fri 14 Aug to 09:46 on Sat 15 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-14T08:54:25Z → 1998-08-15T06:46:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:39–01:27 on the 13th, 00:39–01:27 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29978 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 14 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Janmāṣṭamī 1998 falls on Friday 14 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:54 on Fri 14 Aug to 09:46 on Sat 15 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2621, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-13T14:16:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-13T11:16:29Z", "ms": 903006989345.1746 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-14T11:54:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-14T08:54:25Z", "ms": 903084864669.2206 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-13T14:16:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-13T11:16:29Z", "ms": 903006989345.1746 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-14T11:54:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-14T08:54:25Z", "ms": 903084864669.2206 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-13T12:38:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-13T09:38:17Z", "ms": 903001096576.2867 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-13T13:26:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-13T10:26:17Z", "ms": 903003976576.2867 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-14T12:38:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-14T09:38:06Z", "ms": 903087485518.4458 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-14T13:26:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-14T10:26:06Z", "ms": 903090365518.4458 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:16 on Thu 13 Aug to 11:54 on Fri 14 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-13T11:16:29Z → 1998-08-14T08:54:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:38–13:26 on the 13th, 12:38–13:26 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 2621 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 14 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śītalā Saptamī 1998 falls on Friday 14 August. Saptamī runs from 14:16 on Thu 13 Aug to 11:54 on Fri 14 Aug, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-08-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2043, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-17T06:25:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-17T03:25:03Z", "ms": 903324303475.7808 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-18T05:16:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-18T02:16:32Z", "ms": 903406592488.6454 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-17T06:25:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-17T03:25:03Z", "ms": 903324303475.7808 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-18T05:16:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-18T02:16:32Z", "ms": 903406592488.6454 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-17T05:49:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-17T02:49:05Z", "ms": 903322144926.4609 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-17T05:49:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-17T02:49:05Z", "ms": 903322144926.4609 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-18T05:50:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-18T02:50:36Z", "ms": 903408635957.7405 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-18T05:50:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-18T02:50:36Z", "ms": 903408635957.7405 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:25 on Mon 17 Aug to 05:17 on Tue 18 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-17T03:25:03Z → 1998-08-18T02:16:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:49 on the 17th and 05:51 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 17th and is not on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 2043 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ajā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Monday 17 August. Ekādaśī runs from 06:25 on Mon 17 Aug to 05:17 on Tue 18 Aug, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-08-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-08-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24396, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-19T04:32:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-19T01:32:21Z", "ms": 903490341066.1388 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-20T04:14:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-20T01:14:23Z", "ms": 903575663305.8121 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-19T04:32:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-19T01:32:21Z", "ms": 903490341066.1388 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-20T04:14:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-20T01:14:23Z", "ms": 903575663305.8121 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-18T20:11:57+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-18T17:11:57Z", "ms": 903460316639.3136 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-18T21:29:18+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-18T18:29:18Z", "ms": 903464958033.2623 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-19T20:09:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-19T17:09:58Z", "ms": 903546598478.8558 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-19T21:27:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-19T18:27:48Z", "ms": 903551267790.1921 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:32 on Wed 19 Aug to 04:14 on Thu 20 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-19T01:32:21Z → 1998-08-20T01:14:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:12–21:29 on the 18th, 20:10–21:28 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 77 minutes on the 18th and 78 of 78 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24396 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Wednesday 19 August. Trayodaśī runs from 04:32 on Wed 19 Aug to 04:14 on Thu 20 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-08-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24396, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-20T04:14:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-20T01:14:23Z", "ms": 903575663305.8121 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-21T04:24:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-21T01:24:16Z", "ms": 903662656415.5594 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-20T04:14:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-20T01:14:23Z", "ms": 903575663305.8121 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-21T04:24:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-21T01:24:16Z", "ms": 903662656415.5594 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-19T20:09:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-19T17:09:58Z", "ms": 903546598478.8558 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-19T21:27:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-19T18:27:48Z", "ms": 903551267790.1921 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-20T20:07:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-20T17:07:59Z", "ms": 903632879299.0471 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-20T21:26:17+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-20T18:26:17Z", "ms": 903637576672.2136 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:14 on Thu 20 Aug to 04:24 on Fri 21 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-20T01:14:23Z → 1998-08-21T01:24:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 20:10–21:28 on the 19th, 20:08–21:26 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 78 minutes on the 19th and 78 of 78 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24396 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Aghora Caturdaśī 1998 falls on Thursday 20 August. Caturdaśī runs from 04:14 on Thu 20 Aug to 04:24 on Fri 21 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-08-20", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10115, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-20T04:14:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-20T01:14:23Z", "ms": 903575663305.8121 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-21T04:24:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-21T01:24:16Z", "ms": 903662656415.5594 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-20T04:14:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-20T01:14:23Z", "ms": 903575663305.8121 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-21T04:24:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-21T01:24:16Z", "ms": 903662656415.5594 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-20T00:37:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-19T21:37:48Z", "ms": 903562668396.367 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-20T01:25:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-19T22:25:48Z", "ms": 903565548396.367 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-21T00:37:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-20T21:37:34Z", "ms": 903649054448.4214 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-21T01:25:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-20T22:25:34Z", "ms": 903651934448.4214 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:14 on Thu 20 Aug to 04:24 on Fri 21 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-20T01:14:23Z → 1998-08-21T01:24:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:38–01:26 on the 19th, 00:38–01:26 on the 20th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10115 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1998 falls on Thursday 20 August. Caturdaśī runs from 04:14 on Thu 20 Aug to 04:24 on Fri 21 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-08-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23104, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1998-08-22T05:03:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-22T02:03:06Z", "ms": 903751385747.2126 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-23T06:11:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-23T03:11:00Z", "ms": 903841859698.3074 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-22T05:03:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-22T02:03:06Z", "ms": 903751385747.2126 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-23T06:11:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-23T03:11:00Z", "ms": 903841859698.3074 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-22T12:36:19+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-22T09:36:19Z", "ms": 903778579474.6145 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-22T13:24:19+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-22T10:24:19Z", "ms": 903781459474.6145 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-23T12:36:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-23T09:36:04Z", "ms": 903864964139.7682 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-23T13:24:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-23T10:24:04Z", "ms": 903867844139.7682 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 05:03 on Sat 22 Aug to 06:11 on Sun 23 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-22T02:03:06Z → 1998-08-23T03:11:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 22nd, 12:36–13:24 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 23104 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 22 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rudra Vrata 1998 falls on Saturday 22 August. Pratipadā runs from 05:03 on Sat 22 Aug to 06:11 on Sun 23 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10145, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1998-08-24T07:46:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-24T04:46:36Z", "ms": 903933996324.4452 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-25T09:46:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-25T06:46:27Z", "ms": 904027587205.8511 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-24T07:46:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-24T04:46:36Z", "ms": 903933996324.4452 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-25T09:46:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-25T06:46:27Z", "ms": 904027587205.8511 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-24T12:35:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-24T09:35:48Z", "ms": 903951348371.5708 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-24T13:23:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-24T10:23:48Z", "ms": 903954228371.5708 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-25T12:35:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-25T09:35:32Z", "ms": 904037732180.5068 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-25T13:23:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-25T10:23:32Z", "ms": 904040612180.5068 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 07:47 on Mon 24 Aug to 09:46 on Tue 25 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-24T04:46:36Z → 1998-08-25T06:46:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 24th, 12:36–13:24 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10145 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1998 falls on Monday 24 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 07:47 on Mon 24 Aug to 09:46 on Tue 25 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1847, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-25T09:46:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-25T06:46:27Z", "ms": 904027587205.8511 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-26T12:04:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-26T09:04:29Z", "ms": 904122268689.9591 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-25T09:46:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-25T06:46:27Z", "ms": 904027587205.8511 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-26T12:04:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-26T09:04:29Z", "ms": 904122268689.9591 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-25T12:35:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-25T09:35:32Z", "ms": 904037732180.5068 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-25T13:23:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-25T10:23:32Z", "ms": 904040612180.5068 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-26T12:35:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-26T09:35:16Z", "ms": 904124115577.9221 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-26T13:23:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-26T10:23:16Z", "ms": 904126995577.9221 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:46 on Tue 25 Aug to 12:04 on Wed 26 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-25T06:46:27Z → 1998-08-26T09:04:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:36–13:24 on the 25th, 12:35–13:23 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1847 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1998 falls on Tuesday 25 August. Caturthī runs from 09:46 on Tue 25 Aug to 12:04 on Wed 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-26", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-disputed" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1847, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-26T12:04:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-26T09:04:29Z", "ms": 904122268689.9591 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-27T14:31:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-27T11:31:54Z", "ms": 904217514241.6619 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-26T12:04:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-26T09:04:29Z", "ms": 904122268689.9591 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-27T14:31:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-27T11:31:54Z", "ms": 904217514241.6619 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-26T12:35:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-26T09:35:16Z", "ms": 904124115577.9221 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-26T13:23:16+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-26T10:23:16Z", "ms": 904126995577.9221 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-27T12:34:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-27T09:34:59Z", "ms": 904210498576.0157 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-27T13:22:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-27T10:22:59Z", "ms": 904213378576.0157 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 12:04 on Wed 26 Aug to 14:32 on Thu 27 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-26T09:04:29Z → 1998-08-27T11:31:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:35–13:23 on the 26th, 12:35–13:23 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the cited authorities disagree. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: disputed → greater-coverage · margin 1847 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-disputed)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-26", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-27", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1998 falls on Wednesday 26 August. Pañcamī runs from 12:04 on Wed 26 Aug to 14:32 on Thu 27 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4136, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-27T14:31:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-27T11:31:54Z", "ms": 904217514241.6619 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-28T16:57:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-28T13:57:41Z", "ms": 904312660775.2029 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-27T14:31:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-27T11:31:54Z", "ms": 904217514241.6619 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-28T16:57:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-28T13:57:41Z", "ms": 904312660775.2029 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-27T12:34:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-27T09:34:59Z", "ms": 904210498576.0157 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-27T13:22:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-27T10:22:59Z", "ms": 904213378576.0157 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-28T12:34:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-28T09:34:41Z", "ms": 904296881187.8203 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-28T13:22:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-28T10:22:41Z", "ms": 904299761187.8203 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:32 on Thu 27 Aug to 16:58 on Fri 28 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-27T11:31:54Z → 1998-08-28T13:57:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:35–13:23 on the 27th, 12:35–13:23 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4136 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Kyiv, 1998: Friday 28 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1998 falls on Friday 28 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:32 on Thu 27 Aug to 16:58 on Fri 28 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12900, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-28T16:57:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-28T13:57:41Z", "ms": 904312660775.2029 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-29T19:09:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-29T16:09:33Z", "ms": 904406973350.7223 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-28T16:57:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-28T13:57:41Z", "ms": 904312660775.2029 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-29T19:09:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-29T16:09:33Z", "ms": 904406973350.7223 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-28T12:34:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-28T09:34:41Z", "ms": 904296881187.8203 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-28T13:22:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-28T10:22:41Z", "ms": 904299761187.8203 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-29T12:34:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-29T09:34:23Z", "ms": 904383263427.1798 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-29T13:22:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-29T10:22:23Z", "ms": 904386143427.1798 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 16:58 on Fri 28 Aug to 19:10 on Sat 29 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-28T13:57:41Z → 1998-08-29T16:09:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:35–13:23 on the 28th, 12:34–13:22 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12900 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1998 falls on Saturday 29 August. Saptamī runs from 16:58 on Fri 28 Aug to 19:10 on Sat 29 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20830, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1998-08-29T19:09:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-29T16:09:33Z", "ms": 904406973350.7223 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-30T20:55:38+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-30T17:55:38Z", "ms": 904499737713.7936 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-08-29T19:09:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-29T16:09:33Z", "ms": 904406973350.7223 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-30T20:55:38+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-30T17:55:38Z", "ms": 904499737713.7936 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-29T12:34:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-29T09:34:23Z", "ms": 904383263427.1798 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-29T13:22:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-29T10:22:23Z", "ms": 904386143427.1798 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-08-30T12:34:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-30T09:34:05Z", "ms": 904469645308.7368 }, "end": { "local": "1998-08-30T13:22:05+03:00", "utc": "1998-08-30T10:22:05Z", "ms": 904472525308.7368 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 19:10 on Sat 29 Aug to 20:56 on Sun 30 Aug.", "fact": "1998-08-29T16:09:33Z → 1998-08-30T17:55:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:34–13:22 on the 29th, 12:34–13:22 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20830 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rādhāṣṭamī 1998 falls on Sunday 30 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 19:10 on Sat 29 Aug to 20:56 on Sun 30 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-09-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27583, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-01T22:33:43+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-01T19:33:43Z", "ms": 904678422593.658 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-02T22:15:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-02T19:15:52Z", "ms": 904763752105.2482 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-01T22:33:43+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-01T19:33:43Z", "ms": 904678422593.658 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-02T22:15:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-02T19:15:52Z", "ms": 904763752105.2482 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-02T06:13:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-02T03:13:25Z", "ms": 904706005097.0494 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-02T06:13:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-02T03:13:25Z", "ms": 904706005097.0494 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-03T06:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-03T03:14:56Z", "ms": 904792496181.5897 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-03T06:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-03T03:14:56Z", "ms": 904792496181.5897 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:34 on Tue 1 Sep to 22:16 on Wed 2 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-01T19:33:43Z → 1998-09-02T19:15:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:13 on the 2nd and 06:15 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27583 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Wednesday 2 September. Ekādaśī runs from 22:34 on Tue 1 Sep to 22:16 on Wed 2 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-09-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28329, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-02T22:15:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-02T19:15:52Z", "ms": 904763752105.2482 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-03T21:12:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-03T18:12:59Z", "ms": 904846378993.0933 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-02T22:15:52+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-02T19:15:52Z", "ms": 904763752105.2482 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-03T21:12:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-03T18:12:59Z", "ms": 904846378993.0933 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-02T12:33:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-02T09:33:09Z", "ms": 904728788966.1559 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-02T13:21:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-02T10:21:09Z", "ms": 904731668966.1559 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-03T12:32:50+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-03T09:32:50Z", "ms": 904815169580.4792 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-03T13:20:50+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-03T10:20:50Z", "ms": 904818049580.4792 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 22:16 on Wed 2 Sep to 21:13 on Thu 3 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-02T19:15:52Z → 1998-09-03T18:12:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:33–13:21 on the 2nd, 12:33–13:21 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28329 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vāmana Jayantī 1998 falls on Thursday 3 September. Dvādaśī runs from 22:16 on Wed 2 Sep to 21:13 on Thu 3 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-09-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-03", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 471, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-03T21:12:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-03T18:12:59Z", "ms": 904846378993.0933 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-04T19:28:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-04T16:28:42Z", "ms": 904926521651.3947 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-03T21:12:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-03T18:12:59Z", "ms": 904846378993.0933 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-04T19:28:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-04T16:28:42Z", "ms": 904926521651.3947 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-03T19:38:43+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-03T16:38:43Z", "ms": 904840722979.3689 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-03T21:03:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-03T18:03:45Z", "ms": 904845824879.5739 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-04T19:36:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-04T16:36:33Z", "ms": 904926992616.3947 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-04T21:02:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-04T18:02:04Z", "ms": 904932124034.4286 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:13 on Thu 3 Sep to 19:29 on Fri 4 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-03T18:12:59Z → 1998-09-04T16:28:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:39–21:04 on the 3rd, 19:37–21:02 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 85 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 86 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 471 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-03", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Thursday 3 September. Trayodaśī runs from 21:13 on Thu 3 Sep to 19:29 on Fri 4 Sep, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-09-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29503, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-04T19:28:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-04T16:28:42Z", "ms": 904926521651.3947 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-05T17:08:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-05T14:08:58Z", "ms": 905004538158.4009 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-04T19:28:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-04T16:28:42Z", "ms": 904926521651.3947 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-05T17:08:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-05T14:08:58Z", "ms": 905004538158.4009 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-04T06:16:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-04T03:16:27Z", "ms": 904878987230.9062 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-04T08:56:28+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-04T05:56:28Z", "ms": 904888588308.0039 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 160, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-05T06:17:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-05T03:17:58Z", "ms": 904965478251.6495 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-05T08:57:15+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-05T05:57:15Z", "ms": 904975034957.4628 } }, "covered_min": 159, "window_min": 159, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:29 on Fri 4 Sep to 17:09 on Sat 5 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-04T16:28:42Z → 1998-09-05T14:08:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:16–08:56 on the 4th, 06:18–08:57 on the 5th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 160 minutes on the 4th and 159 of 159 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29503 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ananta Caturdaśī 1998 falls on Saturday 5 September. Caturdaśī runs from 19:29 on Fri 4 Sep to 17:09 on Sat 5 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-09-09", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15089, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-09T04:38:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-09T01:38:06Z", "ms": 905305086150.8016 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-10T01:26:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-09T22:26:27Z", "ms": 905379986945.2509 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-09T04:38:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-09T01:38:06Z", "ms": 905305086150.8016 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-10T01:26:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-09T22:26:27Z", "ms": 905379986945.2509 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-08T20:44:15+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-08T17:44:15Z", "ms": 905276655184.479 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-08T20:44:15+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-08T17:44:15Z", "ms": 905276655184.479 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-09T21:14:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-09T18:14:58Z", "ms": 905364897752.0646 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-09T21:14:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-09T18:14:58Z", "ms": 905364897752.0646 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:38 on Wed 9 Sep to 01:26 on Thu 10 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-09T01:38:06Z → 1998-09-09T22:26:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:44 on the 8th and 21:15 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 8th and is on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15089 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 9 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1998 falls on Wednesday 9 September. Caturthī runs from 04:38 on Wed 9 Sep to 01:26 on Thu 10 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-09-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-10", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2509, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-10T22:30:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-10T19:30:00Z", "ms": 905455800209.9305 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-11T19:55:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-11T16:55:45Z", "ms": 905532945478.216 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-10T22:30:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-10T19:30:00Z", "ms": 905455800209.9305 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-11T19:55:45+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-11T16:55:45Z", "ms": 905532945478.216 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-10T21:48:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-10T18:48:11Z", "ms": 905453291474.2849 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-10T21:48:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-10T18:48:11Z", "ms": 905453291474.2849 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-11T22:25:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-11T19:25:26Z", "ms": 905541925986.2231 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-11T22:25:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-11T19:25:26Z", "ms": 905541925986.2231 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:30 on Thu 10 Sep to 19:56 on Fri 11 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-10T19:30:00Z → 1998-09-11T16:55:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:48 on the 10th and 22:25 on the 11th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → tithi-day · margin 2509 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-10", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-10", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1998 falls on Thursday 10 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:30 on Thu 10 Sep to 19:56 on Fri 11 Sep, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5374, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-12T17:49:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-12T14:49:21Z", "ms": 905611761456.3137 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-13T16:14:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-13T13:14:48Z", "ms": 905692488433.1366 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-12T17:49:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-12T14:49:21Z", "ms": 905611761456.3137 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-13T16:14:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-13T13:14:48Z", "ms": 905692488433.1366 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-12T19:18:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-12T16:18:56Z", "ms": 905617135516.4121 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-12T20:48:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-12T17:48:25Z", "ms": 905622505016.0338 } }, "covered_min": 89, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-13T19:16:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-13T16:16:42Z", "ms": 905703402094.5309 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-13T20:46:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-13T17:46:42Z", "ms": 905708801555.217 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:49 on Sat 12 Sep to 16:15 on Sun 13 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-12T14:49:21Z → 1998-09-13T13:14:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:19–20:48 on the 12th, 19:17–20:47 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 89 of 89 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 90 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5374 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 12 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1998 falls on Saturday 12 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:49 on Sat 12 Sep to 16:15 on Sun 13 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19119, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-12T17:49:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-12T14:49:21Z", "ms": 905611761456.3137 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-13T16:14:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-13T13:14:48Z", "ms": 905692488433.1366 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-12T17:49:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-12T14:49:21Z", "ms": 905611761456.3137 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-13T16:14:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-13T13:14:48Z", "ms": 905692488433.1366 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-12T23:08:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-12T20:08:00Z", "ms": 905630880377.1145 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-12T23:08:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-12T20:08:00Z", "ms": 905630880377.1145 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-13T23:56:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-13T20:56:42Z", "ms": 905720202453.1444 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-13T23:56:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-13T20:56:42Z", "ms": 905720202453.1444 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:49 on Sat 12 Sep to 16:15 on Sun 13 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-12T14:49:21Z → 1998-09-13T13:14:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:08 on the 12th and 23:57 on the 13th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19119 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 12 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1998 falls on Saturday 12 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:49 on Sat 12 Sep to 16:15 on Sun 13 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-09-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29703, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-15T14:48:13+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-15T11:48:13Z", "ms": 905860092538.6788 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-16T14:55:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-16T11:55:22Z", "ms": 905946921697.5164 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-15T14:48:13+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-15T11:48:13Z", "ms": 905860092538.6788 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-16T14:55:22+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-16T11:55:22Z", "ms": 905946921697.5164 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-15T06:33:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-15T03:33:09Z", "ms": 905830389415.954 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-15T06:33:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-15T03:33:09Z", "ms": 905830389415.954 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-16T06:34:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-16T03:34:41Z", "ms": 905916880869.1218 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-16T06:34:41+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-16T03:34:41Z", "ms": 905916880869.1218 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:48 on Tue 15 Sep to 14:55 on Wed 16 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-15T11:48:13Z → 1998-09-16T11:55:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:33 on the 15th and 06:35 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29703 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Indirā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Wednesday 16 September. Ekādaśī runs from 14:48 on Tue 15 Sep to 14:55 on Wed 16 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-09-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-09-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8772, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-17T15:33:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-17T12:33:25Z", "ms": 906035604706.5844 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-18T16:39:20+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-18T13:39:20Z", "ms": 906125960430.0046 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-17T15:33:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-17T12:33:25Z", "ms": 906035604706.5844 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-18T16:39:20+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-18T13:39:20Z", "ms": 906125960430.0046 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-17T19:07:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-17T16:07:47Z", "ms": 906048466878.0925 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-17T20:39:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-17T17:39:47Z", "ms": 906053986502.5846 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-18T19:05:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-18T16:05:33Z", "ms": 906134732832.958 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-18T20:38:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-18T17:38:03Z", "ms": 906140282563.747 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:33 on Thu 17 Sep to 16:39 on Fri 18 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-17T12:33:25Z → 1998-09-18T13:39:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:08–20:40 on the 17th, 19:06–20:38 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 92 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8772 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Thursday 17 September. Trayodaśī runs from 15:33 on Thu 17 Sep to 16:39 on Fri 18 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-09-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-09-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22693, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-18T16:39:20+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-18T13:39:20Z", "ms": 906125960430.0046 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-19T18:09:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-19T15:09:51Z", "ms": 906217790534.9814 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-18T16:39:20+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-18T13:39:20Z", "ms": 906125960430.0046 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-19T18:09:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-19T15:09:51Z", "ms": 906217790534.9814 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-19T00:28:24+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-18T21:28:24Z", "ms": 906154104323.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-19T01:16:24+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-18T22:16:24Z", "ms": 906156984323.4167 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-20T00:28:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-19T21:28:03Z", "ms": 906240483212.387 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-20T01:16:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-19T22:16:03Z", "ms": 906243363212.387 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:39 on Fri 18 Sep to 18:10 on Sat 19 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-18T13:39:20Z → 1998-09-19T15:09:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:28–01:16 on the 18th, 00:28–01:16 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22693 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1998 falls on Friday 18 September. Caturdaśī runs from 16:39 on Fri 18 Sep to 18:10 on Sat 19 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-09-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5720, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1998-09-19T18:09:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-19T15:09:51Z", "ms": 906217790534.9814 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-20T20:01:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-20T17:01:29Z", "ms": 906310889303.4702 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-19T18:09:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-19T15:09:51Z", "ms": 906217790534.9814 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-20T20:01:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-20T17:01:29Z", "ms": 906310889303.4702 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-19T14:05:42+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-19T11:05:42Z", "ms": 906203141573.7196 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-19T16:34:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-19T13:34:30Z", "ms": 906212070160.3344 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 149, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-20T14:04:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-20T11:04:58Z", "ms": 906289497858.8505 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-20T16:33:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-20T13:33:01Z", "ms": 906298381252.5256 } }, "covered_min": 148, "window_min": 148, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 18:10 on Sat 19 Sep to 20:01 on Sun 20 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-19T15:09:51Z → 1998-09-20T17:01:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 14:06–16:35 on the 19th, 14:05–16:33 on the 20th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 0 of 149 minutes on the 19th and 148 of 148 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5720 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 20 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1998 falls on Sunday 20 September. Amāvasyā runs from 18:10 on Sat 19 Sep to 20:01 on Sun 20 Sep and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24393, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1998-09-20T20:01:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-20T17:01:29Z", "ms": 906310889303.4702 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-21T22:10:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-21T19:10:36Z", "ms": 906405035900.9004 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-20T20:01:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-20T17:01:29Z", "ms": 906310889303.4702 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-21T22:10:36+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-21T19:10:36Z", "ms": 906405035900.9004 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-20T12:26:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-20T09:26:56Z", "ms": 906283616162.013 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-20T13:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-20T10:14:56Z", "ms": 906286496162.013 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-21T12:26:35+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-21T09:26:35Z", "ms": 906369995109.8269 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-21T13:14:35+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-21T10:14:35Z", "ms": 906372875109.8269 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 20:01 on Sun 20 Sep to 22:11 on Mon 21 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-20T17:01:29Z → 1998-09-21T19:10:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:27–13:15 on the 20th, 12:27–13:15 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24393 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1998 falls on Monday 21 September. Pratipadā runs from 20:01 on Sun 20 Sep to 22:11 on Mon 21 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-09-24", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24712, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-24T03:02:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-24T00:02:47Z", "ms": 906595366607.3861 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-25T05:33:19+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-25T02:33:19Z", "ms": 906690799451.4006 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-24T03:02:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-24T00:02:47Z", "ms": 906595366607.3861 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-25T05:33:19+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-25T02:33:19Z", "ms": 906690799451.4006 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-24T12:25:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-24T09:25:33Z", "ms": 906629132521.2332 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-24T13:13:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-24T10:13:33Z", "ms": 906632012521.2332 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-25T12:25:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-25T09:25:12Z", "ms": 906715511906.4634 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-25T13:13:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-25T10:13:12Z", "ms": 906718391906.4634 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:03 on Thu 24 Sep to 05:33 on Fri 25 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-24T00:02:47Z → 1998-09-25T02:33:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:26–13:14 on the 24th, 12:25–13:13 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24712 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1998 falls on Thursday 24 September. Caturthī runs from 03:03 on Thu 24 Sep to 05:33 on Fri 25 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-09-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8461, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-27T10:00:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-27T07:00:11Z", "ms": 906879611023.8284 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-28T11:36:19+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-28T08:36:19Z", "ms": 906971779334.2498 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-27T10:00:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-27T07:00:11Z", "ms": 906879611023.8284 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-28T11:36:19+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-28T08:36:19Z", "ms": 906971779334.2498 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-27T06:51:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-27T03:51:34Z", "ms": 906868294460.3655 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-27T07:39:10+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-27T04:39:10Z", "ms": 906871150020.0809 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-28T06:53:07+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-28T03:53:07Z", "ms": 906954787481.4462 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-28T07:40:28+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-28T04:40:28Z", "ms": 906957627958.9048 } }, "covered_min": 47, "window_min": 47, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 10:00 on Sun 27 Sep to 11:36 on Mon 28 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-27T07:00:11Z → 1998-09-28T08:36:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:52–07:39 on the 27th, 06:53–07:40 on the 28th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 47 of 47 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8461 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 28 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Durgā Saptamī 1998 falls on Monday 28 September. Saptamī runs from 10:00 on Sun 27 Sep to 11:36 on Mon 28 Sep and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 670, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-28T11:36:19+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-28T08:36:19Z", "ms": 906971779334.2498 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-29T12:35:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-29T09:35:01Z", "ms": 907061701353.1208 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-28T11:36:19+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-28T08:36:19Z", "ms": 906971779334.2498 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-29T12:35:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-29T09:35:01Z", "ms": 907061701353.1208 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-28T12:24:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-28T09:24:11Z", "ms": 906974651062.386 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-28T13:12:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-28T10:12:11Z", "ms": 906977531062.386 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-29T12:23:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-29T09:23:51Z", "ms": 907061031177.802 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-29T13:11:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-29T10:11:51Z", "ms": 907063911177.802 } }, "covered_min": 11, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:36 on Mon 28 Sep to 12:35 on Tue 29 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-28T08:36:19Z → 1998-09-29T09:35:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:24–13:12 on the 28th, 12:24–13:12 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 11 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 670 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-29", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1998 falls on Tuesday 29 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:36 on Mon 28 Sep to 12:35 on Tue 29 Sep and covers 11 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 670, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-29T12:35:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-29T09:35:01Z", "ms": 907061701353.1208 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-30T12:49:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-30T09:49:27Z", "ms": 907148966792.8064 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-09-29T12:35:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-29T09:35:01Z", "ms": 907061701353.1208 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-30T12:49:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-30T09:49:27Z", "ms": 907148966792.8064 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-29T12:23:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-29T09:23:51Z", "ms": 907061031177.802 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-29T13:11:51+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-29T10:11:51Z", "ms": 907063911177.802 } }, "covered_min": 37, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-30T12:23:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-30T09:23:32Z", "ms": 907147411524.4036 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-30T13:11:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-30T10:11:32Z", "ms": 907150291524.4036 } }, "covered_min": 26, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 12:35 on Tue 29 Sep to 12:49 on Wed 30 Sep.", "fact": "1998-09-29T09:35:01Z → 1998-09-30T09:49:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:24–13:12 on the 29th, 12:24–13:12 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 37 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 26 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 670 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mahānavamī 1998 falls on Tuesday 29 September. Navamī runs from 12:35 on Tue 29 Sep to 12:49 on Wed 30 Sep and covers 37 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 26 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7704, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1998-09-30T12:49:27+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-30T09:49:27Z", "ms": 907148966792.8064 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-01T12:15:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-01T09:15:59Z", "ms": 907233358899.0333 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "1998-10-01T04:49:24+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-01T01:49:24Z", "ms": 907206564159.7087 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-01T12:15:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-01T09:15:59Z", "ms": 907233358899.0333 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "1998-10-01T04:49:24+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-01T01:49:24Z", "ms": 907206564159.7087 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-02T04:24:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-02T01:24:29Z", "ms": 907291469163.1571 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-09-30T06:56:14+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-30T03:56:14Z", "ms": 907127774073.124 }, "end": { "local": "1998-09-30T18:38:49+03:00", "utc": "1998-09-30T15:38:49Z", "ms": 907169928975.6831 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 703, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-01T06:57:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-01T03:57:48Z", "ms": 907214267661.9624 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-01T18:36:37+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-01T15:36:37Z", "ms": 907256196583.8989 } }, "covered_min": 318, "window_min": 699, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 12:49 on Wed 30 Sep to 12:16 on Thu 1 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 04:49 on Thu 1 Oct to 04:24 on Fri 2 Oct. They are together from 04:49 on Thu 1 Oct to 12:16 on Thu 1 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-01T01:49:24Z → 1998-10-01T09:15:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 06:56–18:39 on the 30th, 06:58–18:37 on the 1st.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 0 of 703 minutes on the 30th and 318 of 699 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7704 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 1 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1998 falls on Thursday 1 October. Daśamī runs from 12:49 on Wed 30 Sep to 12:16 on Thu 1 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 318 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-10-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14112, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-01T12:15:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-01T09:15:59Z", "ms": 907233358899.0333 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-02T10:54:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-02T07:54:33Z", "ms": 907314873466.7008 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-01T12:15:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-01T09:15:59Z", "ms": 907233358899.0333 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-02T10:54:33+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-02T07:54:33Z", "ms": 907314873466.7008 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-01T06:57:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-01T03:57:48Z", "ms": 907214267661.9624 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-01T06:57:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-01T03:57:48Z", "ms": 907214267661.9624 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-02T06:59:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-02T03:59:21Z", "ms": 907300761459.6895 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-02T06:59:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-02T03:59:21Z", "ms": 907300761459.6895 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:16 on Thu 1 Oct to 10:55 on Fri 2 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-01T09:15:59Z → 1998-10-02T07:54:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:58 on the 1st and 06:59 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 1st and is on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14112 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Friday 2 October. Ekādaśī runs from 12:16 on Thu 1 Oct to 10:55 on Fri 2 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-10-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-10-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35027, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-03T08:48:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-03T05:48:26Z", "ms": 907393705932.3783 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-04T06:03:38+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-04T03:03:38Z", "ms": 907470218017.2872 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-03T08:48:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-03T05:48:26Z", "ms": 907393705932.3783 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-04T06:03:38+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-04T03:03:38Z", "ms": 907470218017.2872 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-03T18:32:13+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-03T15:32:13Z", "ms": 907428732846.7383 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-03T20:12:15+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-03T17:12:15Z", "ms": 907434735097.4214 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-04T18:30:02+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-04T15:30:02Z", "ms": 907515001568.2797 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-04T20:10:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-04T17:10:34Z", "ms": 907521033922.2518 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 08:48 on Sat 3 Oct to 06:04 on Sun 4 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-03T05:48:26Z → 1998-10-04T03:03:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:32–20:12 on the 3rd, 18:30–20:11 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 101 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35027 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 3 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Saturday 3 October. Trayodaśī runs from 08:48 on Sat 3 Oct to 06:04 on Sun 4 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-10-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29899, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-08T12:02:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-08T09:02:29Z", "ms": 907837348843.8062 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-09T08:47:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-09T05:47:58Z", "ms": 907912077507.6199 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-08T12:02:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-08T09:02:29Z", "ms": 907837348843.8062 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-09T08:47:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-09T05:47:58Z", "ms": 907912077507.6199 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-08T20:20:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-08T17:20:48Z", "ms": 907867247891.9412 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-08T20:20:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-08T17:20:48Z", "ms": 907867247891.9412 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-09T21:02:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-09T18:02:34Z", "ms": 907956154311.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-09T21:02:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-09T18:02:34Z", "ms": 907956154311.1711 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:02 on Thu 8 Oct to 08:48 on Fri 9 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-08T09:02:29Z → 1998-10-09T05:47:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:21 on the 8th and 21:03 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29899 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1998 falls on Thursday 8 October. Caturthī runs from 12:02 on Thu 8 Oct to 08:48 on Fri 9 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-10-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29899, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-08T12:02:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-08T09:02:29Z", "ms": 907837348843.8062 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-09T08:47:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-09T05:47:58Z", "ms": 907912077507.6199 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-08T12:02:29+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-08T09:02:29Z", "ms": 907837348843.8062 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-09T08:47:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-09T05:47:58Z", "ms": 907912077507.6199 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-08T20:20:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-08T17:20:48Z", "ms": 907867247891.9412 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-08T20:20:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-08T17:20:48Z", "ms": 907867247891.9412 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-09T21:02:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-09T18:02:34Z", "ms": 907956154311.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-09T21:02:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-09T18:02:34Z", "ms": 907956154311.1711 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:02 on Thu 8 Oct to 08:48 on Fri 9 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-08T09:02:29Z → 1998-10-09T05:47:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:21 on the 8th and 21:03 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29899 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1998 falls on Thursday 8 October. Caturthī runs from 12:02 on Thu 8 Oct to 08:48 on Fri 9 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-10-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8048, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-12T02:35:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-11T23:35:09Z", "ms": 908148908840.5765 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-13T01:58:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-12T22:58:04Z", "ms": 908233083949.2777 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-12T02:35:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-11T23:35:09Z", "ms": 908148908840.5765 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-13T01:58:04+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-12T22:58:04Z", "ms": 908233083949.2777 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-11T22:44:40+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-11T19:44:40Z", "ms": 908135079512.5417 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-11T22:44:40+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-11T19:44:40Z", "ms": 908135079512.5417 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-12T23:43:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-12T20:43:56Z", "ms": 908225035697.5511 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-12T23:43:56+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-12T20:43:56Z", "ms": 908225035697.5511 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 02:35 on Mon 12 Oct to 01:58 on Tue 13 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-11T23:35:09Z → 1998-10-12T22:58:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:45 on the 11th and 23:44 on the 12th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8048 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1998 falls on Monday 12 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 02:35 on Mon 12 Oct to 01:58 on Tue 13 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-10-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11052, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-15T02:54:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-14T23:54:21Z", "ms": 908409260807.8652 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-16T04:17:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-16T01:17:32Z", "ms": 908500651943.6857 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-15T02:54:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-14T23:54:21Z", "ms": 908409260807.8652 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-16T04:17:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-16T01:17:32Z", "ms": 908500651943.6857 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-15T07:20:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-15T04:20:06Z", "ms": 908425205595.8646 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-15T07:20:06+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-15T04:20:06Z", "ms": 908425205595.8646 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-16T07:21:44+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-16T04:21:44Z", "ms": 908511703517.9802 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-16T07:21:44+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-16T04:21:44Z", "ms": 908511703517.9802 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:54 on Thu 15 Oct to 04:18 on Fri 16 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-14T23:54:21Z → 1998-10-16T01:17:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:20 on the 15th and 07:22 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 15th and is not on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11052 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Ramā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Thursday 15 October. Ekādaśī runs from 02:54 on Thu 15 Oct to 04:18 on Fri 16 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30297, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-16T04:17:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-16T01:17:32Z", "ms": 908500651943.6857 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-17T06:07:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-17T03:07:48Z", "ms": 908593668418.8948 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-16T04:17:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-16T01:17:32Z", "ms": 908500651943.6857 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-17T06:07:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-17T03:07:48Z", "ms": 908593668418.8948 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-15T18:06:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-15T15:06:34Z", "ms": 908463994153.9082 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-15T19:52:35+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-15T16:52:35Z", "ms": 908470355402.4512 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-16T18:04:30+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-16T15:04:30Z", "ms": 908550270449.4977 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-16T19:51:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-16T16:51:01Z", "ms": 908556661291.2881 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 04:18 on Fri 16 Oct to 06:08 on Sat 17 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-16T01:17:32Z → 1998-10-17T03:07:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:07–19:53 on the 15th, 18:05–19:51 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 15th and 107 of 107 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30297 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1998 falls on Friday 16 October. Dvādaśī runs from 04:18 on Fri 16 Oct to 06:08 on Sat 17 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34972, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-17T06:07:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-17T03:07:48Z", "ms": 908593668418.8948 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-18T08:17:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T05:17:34Z", "ms": 908687853829.1849 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-17T06:07:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-17T03:07:48Z", "ms": 908593668418.8948 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-18T08:17:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T05:17:34Z", "ms": 908687853829.1849 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-17T18:02:28+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-17T15:02:28Z", "ms": 908636547603.6714 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-17T19:49:28+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-17T16:49:28Z", "ms": 908642967966.4705 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-18T18:00:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T15:00:26Z", "ms": 908722825651.8387 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-18T19:47:55+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T16:47:55Z", "ms": 908729275457.7466 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:08 on Sat 17 Oct to 08:18 on Sun 18 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-17T03:07:48Z → 1998-10-18T05:17:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:02–19:49 on the 17th, 18:00–19:48 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 107 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34972 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Yama Dīpadāna 1998 falls on Saturday 17 October. Trayodaśī runs from 06:08 on Sat 17 Oct to 08:18 on Sun 18 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-10-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34972, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-17T06:07:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-17T03:07:48Z", "ms": 908593668418.8948 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-18T08:17:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T05:17:34Z", "ms": 908687853829.1849 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-17T06:07:48+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-17T03:07:48Z", "ms": 908593668418.8948 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-18T08:17:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T05:17:34Z", "ms": 908687853829.1849 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-17T18:02:28+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-17T15:02:28Z", "ms": 908636547603.6714 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-17T19:49:28+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-17T16:49:28Z", "ms": 908642967966.4705 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-18T18:00:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T15:00:26Z", "ms": 908722825651.8387 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-18T19:47:55+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T16:47:55Z", "ms": 908729275457.7466 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:08 on Sat 17 Oct to 08:18 on Sun 18 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-17T03:07:48Z → 1998-10-18T05:17:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:02–19:49 on the 17th, 18:00–19:48 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 107 of 107 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 107 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34972 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 17 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Saturday 17 October. Trayodaśī runs from 06:08 on Sat 17 Oct to 08:18 on Sun 18 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-10-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-10-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25790, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-18T08:17:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T05:17:34Z", "ms": 908687853829.1849 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-19T10:39:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T07:39:59Z", "ms": 908782799075.0334 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-18T08:17:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T05:17:34Z", "ms": 908687853829.1849 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-19T10:39:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T07:39:59Z", "ms": 908782799075.0334 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-18T00:19:44+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-17T21:19:44Z", "ms": 908659183964.168 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-18T01:07:44+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-17T22:07:44Z", "ms": 908662063964.168 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-19T00:19:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T21:19:32Z", "ms": 908745572423.9932 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-19T01:07:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T22:07:32Z", "ms": 908748452423.9932 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:18 on Sun 18 Oct to 10:40 on Mon 19 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-18T05:17:34Z → 1998-10-19T07:39:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:20–01:08 on the 17th, 00:20–01:08 on the 18th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25790 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 18 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1998 falls on Sunday 18 October. Caturdaśī runs from 08:18 on Sun 18 Oct to 10:40 on Mon 19 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-10-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3154, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-18T08:17:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T05:17:34Z", "ms": 908687853829.1849 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-19T10:39:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T07:39:59Z", "ms": 908782799075.0334 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-18T08:17:34+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T05:17:34Z", "ms": 908687853829.1849 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-19T10:39:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T07:39:59Z", "ms": 908782799075.0334 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-18T05:38:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T02:38:00Z", "ms": 908678279961.8656 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-18T07:25:00+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T04:25:00Z", "ms": 908684700324.6647 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-19T05:39:09+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T02:39:09Z", "ms": 908764749390.2396 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-19T07:26:39+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T04:26:39Z", "ms": 908771199196.1475 } }, "covered_min": 107, "window_min": 107, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:18 on Sun 18 Oct to 10:40 on Mon 19 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-18T05:17:34Z → 1998-10-19T07:39:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:38–07:25 on the 18th, 05:39–07:27 on the 19th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 107 minutes on the 18th and 107 of 107 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3154 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1998 falls on Monday 19 October. Caturdaśī runs from 08:18 on Sun 18 Oct to 10:40 on Mon 19 Oct and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17221, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1998-10-19T10:39:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T07:39:59Z", "ms": 908782799075.0334 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-20T13:09:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z", "ms": 908878163206.5729 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-19T10:39:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T07:39:59Z", "ms": 908782799075.0334 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-20T13:09:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z", "ms": 908878163206.5729 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-19T17:58:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T14:58:25Z", "ms": 908809104629.8208 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-19T19:46:24+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T16:46:24Z", "ms": 908815583794.8176 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-20T17:56:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T14:56:25Z", "ms": 908895384573.463 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-20T19:44:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T16:44:53Z", "ms": 908901893007.401 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 10:40 on Mon 19 Oct to 13:09 on Tue 20 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-19T07:39:59Z → 1998-10-20T10:09:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:58–19:46 on the 19th, 17:56–19:45 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 108 of 108 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 108 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17221 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1998 falls on Monday 19 October. Amāvasyā runs from 10:40 on Mon 19 Oct to 13:09 on Tue 20 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34347, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1998-10-19T10:39:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T07:39:59Z", "ms": 908782799075.0334 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-20T13:09:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z", "ms": 908878163206.5729 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-19T10:39:59+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T07:39:59Z", "ms": 908782799075.0334 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-20T13:09:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z", "ms": 908878163206.5729 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-19T00:19:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T21:19:32Z", "ms": 908745572423.9932 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-19T01:07:32+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-18T22:07:32Z", "ms": 908748452423.9932 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-20T00:19:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T21:19:21Z", "ms": 908831961498.5588 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-20T01:07:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-19T22:07:21Z", "ms": 908834841498.5588 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 10:40 on Mon 19 Oct to 13:09 on Tue 20 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-19T07:39:59Z → 1998-10-20T10:09:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 00:20–01:08 on the 18th, 00:19–01:07 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34347 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kālī Pūjā 1998 falls on Monday 19 October. Amāvasyā runs from 10:40 on Mon 19 Oct to 13:09 on Tue 20 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8005, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1998-10-20T13:09:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z", "ms": 908878163206.5729 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-21T15:41:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T12:41:01Z", "ms": 908973660959.931 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-20T13:09:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z", "ms": 908878163206.5729 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-21T15:41:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T12:41:01Z", "ms": 908973660959.931 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-20T17:56:25+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T14:56:25Z", "ms": 908895384573.463 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-20T19:44:53+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T16:44:53Z", "ms": 908901893007.401 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-21T17:54:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T14:54:26Z", "ms": 908981665520.7352 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-21T19:43:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T16:43:23Z", "ms": 908988203126.7848 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 13:09 on Tue 20 Oct to 15:41 on Wed 21 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z → 1998-10-21T12:41:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:56–19:45 on the 20th, 17:54–19:43 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 108 of 108 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 109 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8005 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Bali Pūjā 1998 falls on Tuesday 20 October. Pratipadā runs from 13:09 on Tue 20 Oct to 15:41 on Wed 21 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-21", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 182, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1998-10-20T13:09:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z", "ms": 908878163206.5729 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-21T15:41:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T12:41:01Z", "ms": 908973660959.931 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-20T13:09:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z", "ms": 908878163206.5729 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-21T15:41:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T12:41:01Z", "ms": 908973660959.931 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-20T12:18:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T09:18:21Z", "ms": 908875101470.3799 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-20T13:06:21+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T10:06:21Z", "ms": 908877981470.3799 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-21T12:18:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T09:18:12Z", "ms": 908961491674.3667 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-21T13:06:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T10:06:12Z", "ms": 908964371674.3667 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 13:09 on Tue 20 Oct to 15:41 on Wed 21 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z → 1998-10-21T12:41:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:18–13:06 on the 20th, 12:18–13:06 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 182 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-21", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Govardhana Pūjā 1998 falls on Wednesday 21 October. Pratipadā runs from 13:09 on Tue 20 Oct to 15:41 on Wed 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It is 3 min 02 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7903, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1998-10-20T13:09:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z", "ms": 908878163206.5729 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-21T15:41:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T12:41:01Z", "ms": 908973660959.931 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-20T13:09:23+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z", "ms": 908878163206.5729 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-21T15:41:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T12:41:01Z", "ms": 908973660959.931 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-20T07:28:18+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T04:28:18Z", "ms": 908857698367.2969 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-20T10:57:40+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-20T07:57:40Z", "ms": 908870260436.0189 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 209, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-21T07:29:58+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T04:29:58Z", "ms": 908944197827.9982 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-21T10:58:07+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T07:58:07Z", "ms": 908956687058.9105 } }, "covered_min": 208, "window_min": 208, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 13:09 on Tue 20 Oct to 15:41 on Wed 21 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-20T10:09:23Z → 1998-10-21T12:41:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 07:28–10:58 on the 20th, 07:30–10:58 on the 21st.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 209 minutes on the 20th and 208 of 208 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7903 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Dyūta Pratipad 1998 falls on Wednesday 21 October. Pratipadā runs from 13:09 on Tue 20 Oct to 15:41 on Wed 21 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9289, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1998-10-21T15:41:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T12:41:01Z", "ms": 908973660959.931 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-22T18:10:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-22T15:10:26Z", "ms": 909069026272.2826 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-21T15:41:01+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T12:41:01Z", "ms": 908973660959.931 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-22T18:10:26+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-22T15:10:26Z", "ms": 909069026272.2826 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-21T12:18:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T09:18:12Z", "ms": 908961491674.3667 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-21T13:06:12+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-21T10:06:12Z", "ms": 908964371674.3667 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-22T12:18:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-22T09:18:03Z", "ms": 909047882537.4578 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-22T13:06:03+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-22T10:06:03Z", "ms": 909050762537.4578 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 15:41 on Wed 21 Oct to 18:10 on Thu 22 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-21T12:41:01Z → 1998-10-22T15:10:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:18–13:06 on the 21st, 12:18–13:06 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9289 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1998 falls on Thursday 22 October. Dvitīyā runs from 15:41 on Wed 21 Oct to 18:10 on Thu 22 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26813, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-23T20:32:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-23T17:32:47Z", "ms": 909163967412.0046 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-24T22:42:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-24T19:42:11Z", "ms": 909258131364.5919 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-23T20:32:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-23T17:32:47Z", "ms": 909163967412.0046 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-24T22:42:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-24T19:42:11Z", "ms": 909258131364.5919 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-23T12:17:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-23T09:17:54Z", "ms": 909134274072.0461 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-23T13:05:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-23T10:05:54Z", "ms": 909137154072.0461 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-24T12:17:46+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-24T09:17:46Z", "ms": 909220666290.1969 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-24T13:05:46+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-24T10:05:46Z", "ms": 909223546290.1969 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:33 on Fri 23 Oct to 22:42 on Sat 24 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-23T17:32:47Z → 1998-10-24T19:42:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:18–13:06 on the 23rd, 12:18–13:06 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26813 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Nāga Caturthī 1998 falls on Saturday 24 October. Caturthī runs from 20:33 on Fri 23 Oct to 22:42 on Sat 24 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-10-24", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26813, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-23T20:32:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-23T17:32:47Z", "ms": 909163967412.0046 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-24T22:42:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-24T19:42:11Z", "ms": 909258131364.5919 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-23T20:32:47+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-23T17:32:47Z", "ms": 909163967412.0046 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-24T22:42:11+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-24T19:42:11Z", "ms": 909258131364.5919 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-23T12:17:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-23T09:17:54Z", "ms": 909134274072.0461 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-23T13:05:54+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-23T10:05:54Z", "ms": 909137154072.0461 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-24T12:17:46+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-24T09:17:46Z", "ms": 909220666290.1969 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-24T13:05:46+03:00", "utc": "1998-10-24T10:05:46Z", "ms": 909223546290.1969 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:33 on Fri 23 Oct to 22:42 on Sat 24 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-23T17:32:47Z → 1998-10-24T19:42:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 12:18–13:06 on the 23rd, 12:18–13:06 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26813 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1998 falls on Saturday 24 October. Caturthī runs from 20:33 on Fri 23 Oct to 22:42 on Sat 24 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-10-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37467, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-25T23:31:33+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-25T21:31:33Z", "ms": 909351093215.4329 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-27T00:53:00+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-26T22:53:00Z", "ms": 909442379706.3696 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-25T23:31:33+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-25T21:31:33Z", "ms": 909351093215.4329 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-27T00:53:00+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-26T22:53:00Z", "ms": 909442379706.3696 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-26T11:17:33+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-26T09:17:33Z", "ms": 909393452824.0323 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-26T12:05:33+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-26T10:05:33Z", "ms": 909396332824.0323 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-27T11:17:27+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-27T09:17:27Z", "ms": 909479847162.5712 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-27T12:05:27+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-27T10:05:27Z", "ms": 909482727162.5712 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:32 on Sun 25 Oct to 00:53 on Tue 27 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-25T21:31:33Z → 1998-10-26T22:53:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:18–12:06 on the 26th, 11:17–12:05 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37467 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 26 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1998 falls on Monday 26 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 23:32 on Sun 25 Oct to 00:53 on Tue 27 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34496, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-28T01:38:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-27T23:38:45Z", "ms": 909531524753.5771 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-29T01:42:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-28T23:42:22Z", "ms": 909618141928.9229 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-28T01:38:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-27T23:38:45Z", "ms": 909531524753.5771 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-29T01:42:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-28T23:42:22Z", "ms": 909618141928.9229 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-28T11:17:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-28T09:17:22Z", "ms": 909566242230.5103 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-28T12:05:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-28T10:05:22Z", "ms": 909569122230.5103 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-29T11:17:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-29T09:17:18Z", "ms": 909652638039.053 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-29T12:05:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-29T10:05:18Z", "ms": 909655518039.053 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 01:39 on Wed 28 Oct to 01:42 on Thu 29 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-27T23:38:45Z → 1998-10-28T23:42:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 28th, 11:17–12:05 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34496 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Gopāṣṭamī 1998 falls on Wednesday 28 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 01:39 on Wed 28 Oct to 01:42 on Thu 29 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18060, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-29T01:42:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-28T23:42:22Z", "ms": 909618141928.9229 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-30T00:59:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-29T22:59:52Z", "ms": 909701991534.609 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-29T01:42:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-28T23:42:22Z", "ms": 909618141928.9229 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-30T00:59:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-29T22:59:52Z", "ms": 909701991534.609 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-29T06:43:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-29T04:43:22Z", "ms": 909636202163.5447 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-29T10:01:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-29T08:01:59Z", "ms": 909648119413.8835 } }, "covered_min": 199, "window_min": 199, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-30T06:45:04+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-30T04:45:04Z", "ms": 909722703505.0576 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-30T10:02:31+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-30T08:02:31Z", "ms": 909734550901.3815 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 197, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 01:42 on Thu 29 Oct to 01:00 on Fri 30 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-28T23:42:22Z → 1998-10-29T22:59:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:43–10:02 on the 29th, 06:45–10:03 on the 30th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 199 of 199 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 197 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18060 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1998 falls on Thursday 29 October. Navamī runs from 01:42 on Thu 29 Oct to 01:00 on Fri 30 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34496, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-29T01:42:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-28T23:42:22Z", "ms": 909618141928.9229 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-30T00:59:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-29T22:59:52Z", "ms": 909701991534.609 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-29T01:42:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-28T23:42:22Z", "ms": 909618141928.9229 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-30T00:59:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-29T22:59:52Z", "ms": 909701991534.609 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-29T11:17:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-29T09:17:18Z", "ms": 909652638039.053 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-29T12:05:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-29T10:05:18Z", "ms": 909655518039.053 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-30T11:17:15+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-30T09:17:15Z", "ms": 909739034599.5435 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-30T12:05:15+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-30T10:05:15Z", "ms": 909741914599.5435 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 01:42 on Thu 29 Oct to 01:00 on Fri 30 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-28T23:42:22Z → 1998-10-29T22:59:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 29th, 11:17–12:05 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34496 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Durgā Navamī 1998 falls on Thursday 29 October. Navamī runs from 01:42 on Thu 29 Oct to 01:00 on Fri 30 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-10-31", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26182, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-10-30T23:30:23+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-30T21:30:23Z", "ms": 909783022955.9021 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-31T21:16:25+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-31T19:16:25Z", "ms": 909861384517.9103 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-10-30T23:30:23+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-30T21:30:23Z", "ms": 909783022955.9021 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-31T21:16:25+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-31T19:16:25Z", "ms": 909861384517.9103 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-10-31T06:46:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-31T04:46:45Z", "ms": 909809204950.4355 }, "end": { "local": "1998-10-31T06:46:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-10-31T04:46:45Z", "ms": 909809204950.4355 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-01T06:48:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-01T04:48:26Z", "ms": 909895706475.7219 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-01T06:48:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-01T04:48:26Z", "ms": 909895706475.7219 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:30 on Fri 30 Oct to 21:16 on Sat 31 Oct.", "fact": "1998-10-30T21:30:23Z → 1998-10-31T19:16:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:47 on the 31st and 06:48 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 31st and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26182 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Saturday 31 October. Ekādaśī runs from 23:30 on Fri 30 Oct to 21:16 on Sat 31 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-10-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-11-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 278, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-11-01T18:23:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-01T16:23:26Z", "ms": 909937405563.1315 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-02T14:59:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-02T12:59:22Z", "ms": 910011562319.3094 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-01T18:23:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-01T16:23:26Z", "ms": 909937405563.1315 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-02T14:59:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-02T12:59:22Z", "ms": 910011562319.3094 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-01T16:33:54+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-01T14:33:54Z", "ms": 909930833571.3038 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-01T18:28:04+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-01T16:28:04Z", "ms": 909937683502.7549 } }, "covered_min": 5, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-02T16:32:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-02T14:32:10Z", "ms": 910017129766.5868 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-02T18:26:47+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-02T16:26:47Z", "ms": 910024007087.1951 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:23 on Sun 1 Nov to 14:59 on Mon 2 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-01T16:23:26Z → 1998-11-02T12:59:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:34–18:28 on the 1st, 16:32–18:27 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 5 of 114 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 115 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 278 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Sunday 1 November. Trayodaśī runs from 18:23 on Sun 1 Nov to 14:59 on Mon 2 Nov and covers 5 of 114 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It is 4 min 38 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-11-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-03", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 190, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-11-03T11:13:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-03T09:13:59Z", "ms": 910084439028.0663 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-04T07:18:12+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-04T05:18:12Z", "ms": 910156691519.1667 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-03T11:13:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-03T09:13:59Z", "ms": 910084439028.0663 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-04T07:18:12+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-04T05:18:12Z", "ms": 910156691519.1667 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-03T11:17:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-03T09:17:09Z", "ms": 910084628601.88 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-03T12:05:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-03T10:05:09Z", "ms": 910087508601.88 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-04T11:17:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-04T09:17:09Z", "ms": 910171029106.8888 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-04T12:05:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-04T10:05:09Z", "ms": 910173909106.8888 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:14 on Tue 3 Nov to 07:18 on Wed 4 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-03T09:13:59Z → 1998-11-04T05:18:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:17–12:05 on the 3rd, 11:17–12:05 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 190 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-03", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1998 falls on Tuesday 3 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:14 on Tue 3 Nov to 07:18 on Wed 4 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It is 3 min 10 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25932, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-11-03T11:13:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-03T09:13:59Z", "ms": 910084439028.0663 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-04T07:18:12+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-04T05:18:12Z", "ms": 910156691519.1667 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-03T11:13:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-03T09:13:59Z", "ms": 910084439028.0663 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-04T07:18:12+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-04T05:18:12Z", "ms": 910156691519.1667 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-02T23:18:00+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-02T21:18:00Z", "ms": 910041479718.8679 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-03T00:06:00+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-02T22:06:00Z", "ms": 910044359718.8679 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-03T23:17:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-03T21:17:59Z", "ms": 910127879413.1543 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-04T00:05:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-03T22:05:59Z", "ms": 910130759413.1543 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 11:14 on Tue 3 Nov to 07:18 on Wed 4 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-03T09:13:59Z → 1998-11-04T05:18:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:18–00:06 on the 2nd, 23:18–00:06 on the 3rd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25932 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Rāsayātrā 1998 falls on Tuesday 3 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 11:14 on Tue 3 Nov to 07:18 on Wed 4 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-11-06", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-06", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 6392, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-11-06T20:24:40+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-06T18:24:40Z", "ms": 910376680043.7949 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-07T17:42:14+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-07T15:42:14Z", "ms": 910453334466.3201 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-06T20:24:40+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-06T18:24:40Z", "ms": 910376680043.7949 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-07T17:42:14+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-07T15:42:14Z", "ms": 910453334466.3201 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-06T18:38:08+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-06T16:38:08Z", "ms": 910370287650.3137 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-06T18:38:08+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-06T16:38:08Z", "ms": 910370287650.3137 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-07T19:31:27+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-07T17:31:27Z", "ms": 910459886830.3536 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-07T19:31:27+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-07T17:31:27Z", "ms": 910459886830.3536 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:25 on Fri 6 Nov to 17:42 on Sat 7 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-06T18:24:40Z → 1998-11-07T15:42:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 18:38 on the 6th and 19:31 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 6392 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Friday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-06", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-06", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1998 falls on Friday 6 November. Caturthī runs from 20:25 on Fri 6 Nov to 17:42 on Sat 7 Nov, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-11-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-11-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39008, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-11-13T18:03:20+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-13T16:03:20Z", "ms": 910973000127.2115 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-14T20:21:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-14T18:21:52Z", "ms": 911067712281.0818 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-13T18:03:20+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-13T16:03:20Z", "ms": 910973000127.2115 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-14T20:21:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-14T18:21:52Z", "ms": 911067712281.0818 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-14T07:10:21+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-14T05:10:21Z", "ms": 911020220769.2095 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-14T07:10:21+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-14T05:10:21Z", "ms": 911020220769.2095 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-15T07:12:00+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-15T05:12:00Z", "ms": 911106720063.1682 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-15T07:12:00+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-15T05:12:00Z", "ms": 911106720063.1682 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:03 on Fri 13 Nov to 20:22 on Sat 14 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-13T16:03:20Z → 1998-11-14T18:21:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:10 on the 14th and 07:12 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39008 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Saturday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Saturday 14 November. Ekādaśī runs from 18:03 on Fri 13 Nov to 20:22 on Sat 14 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-11-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16881, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-11-15T22:53:53+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-15T20:53:53Z", "ms": 911163233077.5511 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-17T01:29:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-16T23:29:49Z", "ms": 911258989470.1885 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-15T22:53:53+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-15T20:53:53Z", "ms": 911163233077.5511 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-17T01:29:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-16T23:29:49Z", "ms": 911258989470.1885 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-15T16:12:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-15T14:12:22Z", "ms": 911139142121.4172 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-15T18:12:32+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-15T16:12:32Z", "ms": 911146352350.101 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 120, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-16T16:11:05+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-16T14:11:05Z", "ms": 911225465035.6863 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-16T18:11:39+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-16T16:11:39Z", "ms": 911232698634.3081 } }, "covered_min": 121, "window_min": 121, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:54 on Sun 15 Nov to 01:30 on Tue 17 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-15T20:53:53Z → 1998-11-16T23:29:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:12–18:13 on the 15th, 16:11–18:12 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 120 minutes on the 15th and 121 of 121 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16881 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 16 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Monday 16 November. Trayodaśī runs from 22:54 on Sun 15 Nov to 01:30 on Tue 17 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-11-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-11-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4958, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-11-17T01:29:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-16T23:29:49Z", "ms": 911258989470.1885 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-18T04:02:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-18T02:02:26Z", "ms": 911354546480.7443 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-17T01:29:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-16T23:29:49Z", "ms": 911258989470.1885 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-18T04:02:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-18T02:02:26Z", "ms": 911354546480.7443 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-16T23:19:11+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-16T21:19:11Z", "ms": 911251151030.5181 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-17T00:07:11+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-16T22:07:11Z", "ms": 911254031030.5181 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-17T23:19:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-17T21:19:22Z", "ms": 911337562404.7262 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-18T00:07:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-17T22:07:22Z", "ms": 911340442404.7262 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 01:30 on Tue 17 Nov to 04:02 on Wed 18 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-16T23:29:49Z → 1998-11-18T02:02:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:19–00:07 on the 16th, 23:19–00:07 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4958 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1998 falls on Tuesday 17 November. Caturdaśī runs from 01:30 on Tue 17 Nov to 04:02 on Wed 18 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-11-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-11-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 662, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-11-22T12:18:47+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-22T10:18:47Z", "ms": 911729926732.1896 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-23T13:38:46+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-23T11:38:46Z", "ms": 911821126019.9854 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-22T12:18:47+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-22T10:18:47Z", "ms": 911729926732.1896 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-23T13:38:46+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-23T11:38:46Z", "ms": 911821126019.9854 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-22T11:19:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-22T09:19:45Z", "ms": 911726384648.7535 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-22T12:07:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-22T10:07:45Z", "ms": 911729264648.7535 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-23T11:20:01+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-23T09:20:01Z", "ms": 911812801271.7156 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-23T12:08:01+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-23T10:08:01Z", "ms": 911815681271.7156 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:19 on Sun 22 Nov to 13:39 on Mon 23 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-22T10:18:47Z → 1998-11-23T11:38:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 22nd, 11:20–12:08 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 662 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-23", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1998 falls on Monday 23 November. Caturthī runs from 12:19 on Sun 22 Nov to 13:39 on Mon 23 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-11-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5445, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1998-11-23T13:38:46+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-23T11:38:46Z", "ms": 911821126019.9854 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-24T14:32:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-24T12:32:59Z", "ms": 911910778502.6863 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-23T13:38:46+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-23T11:38:46Z", "ms": 911821126019.9854 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-24T14:32:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-24T12:32:59Z", "ms": 911910778502.6863 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-23T11:20:01+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-23T09:20:01Z", "ms": 911812801271.7156 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-23T12:08:01+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-23T10:08:01Z", "ms": 911815681271.7156 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-24T11:20:19+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-24T09:20:19Z", "ms": 911899218668.8564 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-24T12:08:19+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-24T10:08:19Z", "ms": 911902098668.8564 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 13:39 on Mon 23 Nov to 14:33 on Tue 24 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-23T11:38:46Z → 1998-11-24T12:32:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 23rd, 11:20–12:08 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5445 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 24 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1998 falls on Tuesday 24 November. Pañcamī runs from 13:39 on Mon 23 Nov to 14:33 on Tue 24 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8680, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1998-11-24T14:32:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-24T12:32:59Z", "ms": 911910778502.6863 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-25T14:56:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-25T12:56:10Z", "ms": 911998570473.8883 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-24T14:32:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-24T12:32:59Z", "ms": 911910778502.6863 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-25T14:56:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-25T12:56:10Z", "ms": 911998570473.8883 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-24T11:20:19+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-24T09:20:19Z", "ms": 911899218668.8564 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-24T12:08:19+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-24T10:08:19Z", "ms": 911902098668.8564 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-25T11:20:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-25T09:20:37Z", "ms": 911985636824.3958 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-25T12:08:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-25T10:08:37Z", "ms": 911988516824.3958 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:33 on Tue 24 Nov to 14:56 on Wed 25 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-24T12:32:59Z → 1998-11-25T12:56:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 24th, 11:21–12:09 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8680 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1998 falls on Wednesday 25 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:33 on Tue 24 Nov to 14:56 on Wed 25 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8680, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1998-11-24T14:32:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-24T12:32:59Z", "ms": 911910778502.6863 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-25T14:56:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-25T12:56:10Z", "ms": 911998570473.8883 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-24T14:32:59+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-24T12:32:59Z", "ms": 911910778502.6863 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-25T14:56:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-25T12:56:10Z", "ms": 911998570473.8883 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-24T11:20:19+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-24T09:20:19Z", "ms": 911899218668.8564 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-24T12:08:19+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-24T10:08:19Z", "ms": 911902098668.8564 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-25T11:20:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-25T09:20:37Z", "ms": 911985636824.3958 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-25T12:08:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-25T10:08:37Z", "ms": 911988516824.3958 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:33 on Tue 24 Nov to 14:56 on Wed 25 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-24T12:32:59Z → 1998-11-25T12:56:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:20–12:08 on the 24th, 11:21–12:09 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8680 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1998 falls on Wednesday 25 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:33 on Tue 24 Nov to 14:56 on Wed 25 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9275, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1998-11-25T14:56:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-25T12:56:10Z", "ms": 911998570473.8883 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-26T14:43:31+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-26T12:43:31Z", "ms": 912084210826.9707 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-25T14:56:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-25T12:56:10Z", "ms": 911998570473.8883 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-26T14:43:31+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-26T12:43:31Z", "ms": 912084210826.9707 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-25T11:20:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-25T09:20:37Z", "ms": 911985636824.3958 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-25T12:08:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-25T10:08:37Z", "ms": 911988516824.3958 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-26T11:20:56+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-26T09:20:56Z", "ms": 912072055721.9053 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-26T12:08:56+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-26T10:08:56Z", "ms": 912074935721.9053 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:56 on Wed 25 Nov to 14:44 on Thu 26 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-25T12:56:10Z → 1998-11-26T12:43:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:21–12:09 on the 25th, 11:21–12:09 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 48 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9275 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 26 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mitra Saptamī 1998 falls on Thursday 26 November. Saptamī runs from 14:56 on Wed 25 Nov to 14:44 on Thu 26 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-11-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 772, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-11-29T10:07:55+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-29T08:07:55Z", "ms": 912326874573.9204 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-30T07:22:15+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-30T05:22:15Z", "ms": 912403335078.9733 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-29T10:07:55+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-29T08:07:55Z", "ms": 912326874573.9204 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-30T07:22:15+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-30T05:22:15Z", "ms": 912403335078.9733 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-29T07:33:43+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-29T05:33:43Z", "ms": 912317623394.8235 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-29T07:33:43+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-29T05:33:43Z", "ms": 912317623394.8235 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-30T07:35:07+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-30T05:35:07Z", "ms": 912404107238.3837 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-30T07:35:07+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-30T05:35:07Z", "ms": 912404107238.3837 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:08 on Sun 29 Nov to 07:22 on Mon 30 Nov.", "fact": "1998-11-29T08:07:55Z → 1998-11-30T05:22:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:34 on the 29th and 07:35 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is not on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 772 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 29 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Sunday 29 November. Ekādaśī runs from 10:08 on Sun 29 Nov to 07:22 on Mon 30 Nov, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-11-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-11-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14403, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-11-30T07:22:15+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-30T05:22:15Z", "ms": 912403335078.9733 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-01T04:09:03+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-01T02:09:03Z", "ms": 912478143410.2207 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-11-30T07:22:15+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-30T05:22:15Z", "ms": 912403335078.9733 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-01T04:09:03+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-01T02:09:03Z", "ms": 912478143410.2207 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-30T11:22:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-30T09:22:18Z", "ms": 912417738391.1597 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-30T12:10:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-30T10:10:18Z", "ms": 912420618391.1597 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-01T11:22:41+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-01T09:22:41Z", "ms": 912504160742.7709 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-01T12:10:41+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-01T10:10:41Z", "ms": 912507040742.7709 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 07:22 on Mon 30 Nov to 04:09 on Tue 1 Dec.", "fact": "1998-11-30T05:22:15Z → 1998-12-01T02:09:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:22–12:10 on the 30th, 11:23–12:11 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14403 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 30 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-11-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1998 falls on Monday 30 November. Dvādaśī runs from 07:22 on Mon 30 Nov to 04:09 on Tue 1 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-12-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-12-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23690, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-12-01T04:09:03+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-01T02:09:03Z", "ms": 912478143410.2207 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-02T00:37:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-01T22:37:10Z", "ms": 912551830216.0927 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-12-01T04:09:03+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-01T02:09:03Z", "ms": 912478143410.2207 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-02T00:37:10+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-01T22:37:10Z", "ms": 912551830216.0927 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-11-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-11-30T15:57:30+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-30T13:57:30Z", "ms": 912434249543.9358 }, "end": { "local": "1998-11-30T18:02:42+02:00", "utc": "1998-11-30T16:02:42Z", "ms": 912441761528.3545 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 125, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-12-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-01T15:56:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-01T13:56:52Z", "ms": 912520612058.4655 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-01T18:02:20+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-01T16:02:20Z", "ms": 912528139768.7424 } }, "covered_min": 125, "window_min": 125, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:09 on Tue 1 Dec to 00:37 on Wed 2 Dec.", "fact": "1998-12-01T02:09:03Z → 1998-12-01T22:37:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 15:57–18:03 on the 30th, 15:57–18:02 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 125 minutes on the 30th and 125 of 125 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23690 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 1 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Tuesday 1 December. Trayodaśī runs from 04:09 on Tue 1 Dec to 00:37 on Wed 2 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-12-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-12-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2554, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1998-12-02T20:56:50+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-02T18:56:50Z", "ms": 912625010137.0607 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-03T17:19:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-03T15:19:09Z", "ms": 912698349423.976 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-12-02T20:56:50+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-02T18:56:50Z", "ms": 912625010137.0607 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-03T17:19:09+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-03T15:19:09Z", "ms": 912698349423.976 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-02T15:56:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-02T13:56:18Z", "ms": 912606977583.1617 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-02T18:02:00+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-02T16:02:00Z", "ms": 912614520377.4745 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 126, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-03T15:55:46+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-03T13:55:46Z", "ms": 912693346158.4307 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-03T18:01:43+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-03T16:01:43Z", "ms": 912700903379.8378 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 126, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 20:57 on Wed 2 Dec to 17:19 on Thu 3 Dec.", "fact": "1998-12-02T18:56:50Z → 1998-12-03T15:19:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 15:56–18:02 on the 2nd, 15:56–18:02 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 126 minutes on the 2nd and 83 of 126 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2554 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Kyiv, 1998: Thursday 3 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1998 falls on Thursday 3 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 20:57 on Wed 2 Dec to 17:19 on Thu 3 Dec and covers 83 of 126 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-12-06", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-12-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38409, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-12-06T08:34:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-06T06:34:48Z", "ms": 912926087519.9325 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-07T06:56:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-07T04:56:37Z", "ms": 913006597223.2458 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-12-06T08:34:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-06T06:34:48Z", "ms": 912926087519.9325 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-07T06:56:37+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-07T04:56:37Z", "ms": 913006597223.2458 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-06T19:14:57+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-06T17:14:57Z", "ms": 912964496915.3512 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-06T19:14:57+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-06T17:14:57Z", "ms": 912964496915.3512 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-07T20:22:14+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-07T18:22:14Z", "ms": 913054934224.6072 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-07T20:22:14+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-07T18:22:14Z", "ms": 913054934224.6072 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:35 on Sun 6 Dec to 06:57 on Mon 7 Dec.", "fact": "1998-12-06T06:34:48Z → 1998-12-07T04:56:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:15 on the 6th and 20:22 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38409 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Sunday 6 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1998 falls on Sunday 6 December. Caturthī runs from 08:35 on Sun 6 Dec to 06:57 on Mon 7 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1998-12-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-12-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20422, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-12-13T13:30:42+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-13T11:30:42Z", "ms": 913548641731.5673 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-14T16:08:29+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-14T14:08:29Z", "ms": 913644509107.5968 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-12-13T13:30:42+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-13T11:30:42Z", "ms": 913548641731.5673 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-14T16:08:29+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-14T14:08:29Z", "ms": 913644509107.5968 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-13T07:50:20+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-13T05:50:20Z", "ms": 913528219687.416 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-13T07:50:20+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-13T05:50:20Z", "ms": 913528219687.416 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-14T07:51:14+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-14T05:51:14Z", "ms": 913614673648.018 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-14T07:51:14+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-14T05:51:14Z", "ms": 913614673648.018 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:31 on Sun 13 Dec to 16:08 on Mon 14 Dec.", "fact": "1998-12-13T11:30:42Z → 1998-12-14T14:08:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:50 on the 13th and 07:51 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 13th and is on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20422 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Monday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Monday 14 December. Ekādaśī runs from 13:31 on Sun 13 Dec to 16:08 on Mon 14 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-12-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2392, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-12-15T18:41:25+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-15T16:41:25Z", "ms": 913740084621.0309 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-16T21:01:04+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-16T19:01:04Z", "ms": 913834864399.0548 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-12-15T18:41:25+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-15T16:41:25Z", "ms": 913740084621.0309 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-16T21:01:04+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-16T19:01:04Z", "ms": 913834864399.0548 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-15T15:53:38+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-15T13:53:38Z", "ms": 913730018068.8577 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-15T18:01:32+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-15T16:01:32Z", "ms": 913737692125.192 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 128, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-16T15:53:49+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-16T13:53:49Z", "ms": 913816428648.0789 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-16T18:01:47+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-16T16:01:47Z", "ms": 913824107394.9457 } }, "covered_min": 128, "window_min": 128, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:41 on Tue 15 Dec to 21:01 on Wed 16 Dec.", "fact": "1998-12-15T16:41:25Z → 1998-12-16T19:01:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 15:54–18:02 on the 15th, 15:54–18:02 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 128 minutes on the 15th and 128 of 128 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2392 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-16", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Wednesday 16 December. Trayodaśī runs from 18:41 on Tue 15 Dec to 21:01 on Wed 16 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-12-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-12-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1677, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-12-16T21:01:04+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-16T19:01:04Z", "ms": 913834864399.0548 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-17T23:02:15+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-17T21:02:15Z", "ms": 913928535190.6168 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-12-16T21:01:04+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-16T19:01:04Z", "ms": 913834864399.0548 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-17T23:02:15+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-17T21:02:15Z", "ms": 913928535190.6168 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-16T23:29:44+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-16T21:29:44Z", "ms": 913843783948.8293 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-17T00:17:44+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-16T22:17:44Z", "ms": 913846663948.8293 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-17T23:30:12+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-17T21:30:12Z", "ms": 913930212327.24 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-18T00:18:12+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-17T22:18:12Z", "ms": 913933092327.24 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:01 on Wed 16 Dec to 23:02 on Thu 17 Dec.", "fact": "1998-12-16T19:01:04Z → 1998-12-17T21:02:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:30–00:18 on the 16th, 23:30–00:18 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1677 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śivarātri 1998 falls on Wednesday 16 December. Caturdaśī runs from 21:01 on Wed 16 Dec to 23:02 on Thu 17 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/shivaratri?on=1998-12-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-12-22", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-12-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1998-12-22T03:29:35+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-22T01:29:35Z", "ms": 914290174516.5593 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-23T03:39:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-23T01:39:18Z", "ms": 914377157980.4801 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-12-22T03:29:35+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-22T01:29:35Z", "ms": 914290174516.5593 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-23T03:39:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-23T01:39:18Z", "ms": 914377157980.4801 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-22T11:32:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-22T09:32:22Z", "ms": 914319142170.5697 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-22T12:20:22+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-22T10:20:22Z", "ms": 914322022170.5697 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-23T11:32:53+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-23T09:32:53Z", "ms": 914405572614.5345 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-23T12:20:53+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-23T10:20:53Z", "ms": 914408452614.5345 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:30 on Tue 22 Dec to 03:39 on Wed 23 Dec.", "fact": "1998-12-22T01:29:35Z → 1998-12-23T01:39:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 22nd, 11:33–12:21 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 22 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Vināyaka Caturthī 1998 falls on Tuesday 22 December. Caturthī runs from 03:30 on Tue 22 Dec to 03:39 on Wed 23 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1998-12-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-12-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-12-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30713, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-12-28T19:18:32+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-28T17:18:32Z", "ms": 914865511600.976 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-29T16:30:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-29T14:30:45Z", "ms": 914941845028.0925 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-12-28T19:18:32+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-28T17:18:32Z", "ms": 914865511600.976 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-29T16:30:45+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-29T14:30:45Z", "ms": 914941845028.0925 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-28T07:58:44+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-28T05:58:44Z", "ms": 914824723807.3617 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-28T07:58:44+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-28T05:58:44Z", "ms": 914824723807.3617 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1998-12-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-29T07:58:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-29T05:58:52Z", "ms": 914911132492.119 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-29T07:58:52+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-29T05:58:52Z", "ms": 914911132492.119 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:19 on Mon 28 Dec to 16:31 on Tue 29 Dec.", "fact": "1998-12-28T17:18:32Z → 1998-12-29T14:30:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:59 on the 28th and 07:59 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30713 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Kyiv, 1998: Tuesday 29 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Putradā Ekādaśī 1998 falls on Tuesday 29 December. Ekādaśī runs from 19:19 on Mon 28 Dec to 16:31 on Tue 29 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/ekadashi?on=1998-12-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-12-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "703448", "year": 1998, "local_date": "1998-12-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9030, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1998-12-30T13:31:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-30T11:31:18Z", "ms": 915017478410.9031 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-31T10:28:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-31T08:28:26Z", "ms": 915092906091.6268 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1998-12-30T13:31:18+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-30T11:31:18Z", "ms": 915017478410.9031 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-31T10:28:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-31T08:28:26Z", "ms": 915092906091.6268 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1998-12-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-30T16:01:48+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-30T14:01:48Z", "ms": 915026507912.7948 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-30T18:09:26+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-30T16:09:26Z", "ms": 915034165540.713 } }, "covered_min": 128, "window_min": 128, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1998-12-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1998-12-31T16:02:44+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-31T14:02:44Z", "ms": 915112964201.9474 }, "end": { "local": "1998-12-31T18:10:14+02:00", "utc": "1998-12-31T16:10:14Z", "ms": 915120614051.5608 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 127, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:31 on Wed 30 Dec to 10:28 on Thu 31 Dec.", "fact": "1998-12-30T11:31:18Z → 1998-12-31T08:28:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:02–18:09 on the 30th, 16:03–18:10 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 128 of 128 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 127 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9030 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Kyiv, 1998: Wednesday 30 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1998-12-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Kyiv, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1998 falls on Wednesday 30 December. Trayodaśī runs from 13:31 on Wed 30 Dec to 10:28 on Thu 31 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/kyiv/festivals/1998/pradosha-vrata?on=1998-12-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }