{ "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901", "place": { "id": "99072", "slug": "mosul", "name": "Mosul", "region": "Nineveh, Iraq", "country": "IQ", "lat": 36.335, "lon": 43.11889, "elevation_m": 228, "tz": "Asia/Baghdad" }, "year": 1901, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-01-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8140, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1900-12-31T11:34:52+02:58", "utc": "1900-12-31T08:36:52Z", "ms": -2177508187864.474 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-01T09:33:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-01T06:35:11Z", "ms": -2177429088766.0273 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1900-12-31T11:34:52+02:58", "utc": "1900-12-31T08:36:52Z", "ms": -2177508187864.474 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-01T09:33:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-01T06:35:11Z", "ms": -2177429088766.0273 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1900-12-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1900-12-31T07:17:19+02:58", "utc": "1900-12-31T04:19:19Z", "ms": -2177523641100.9695 }, "end": { "local": "1900-12-31T07:17:19+02:58", "utc": "1900-12-31T04:19:19Z", "ms": -2177523641100.9695 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-01-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-01T07:17:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-01T04:19:32Z", "ms": -2177437228287.8687 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-01T07:17:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-01T04:19:32Z", "ms": -2177437228287.8687 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:34 on Mon 31 Dec to 09:32 on Tue 1 Jan.", "fact": "1900-12-31T08:36:52Z → 1901-01-01T06:35:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:16 on the 31st and 07:17 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 31st and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8140 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 1 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Putradā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Tuesday 1 January. Ekādaśī runs from 11:34 on Mon 31 Dec to 09:32 on Tue 1 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-01-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-01-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33836, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-02T07:37:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-02T04:39:29Z", "ms": -2177349630601.0188 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-03T05:51:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-03T02:53:51Z", "ms": -2177269568896.8281 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-02T07:37:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-02T04:39:29Z", "ms": -2177349630601.0188 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-03T05:51:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-03T02:53:51Z", "ms": -2177269568896.8281 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-02T17:01:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-02T14:03:26Z", "ms": -2177315794155.0046 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-02T18:55:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-02T15:57:37Z", "ms": -2177308942738.4038 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-01-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-03T17:02:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-03T14:04:14Z", "ms": -2177229346461.2075 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-03T18:56:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-03T15:58:20Z", "ms": -2177222500480.4958 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:36 on Wed 2 Jan to 05:51 on Thu 3 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-02T04:39:29Z → 1901-01-03T02:53:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:00–18:55 on the 2nd, 17:01–18:55 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 114 of 114 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 114 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33836 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 2 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Wednesday 2 January. Trayodaśī runs from 07:36 on Wed 2 Jan to 05:51 on Thu 3 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-01-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-01-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24703, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-08T02:43:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-07T23:45:32Z", "ms": -2176848868342.2605 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-09T03:48:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-09T00:50:17Z", "ms": -2176758582644.065 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-08T02:43:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-07T23:45:32Z", "ms": -2176848868342.2605 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-09T03:48:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-09T00:50:17Z", "ms": -2176758582644.065 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-07T19:51:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-07T16:53:49Z", "ms": -2176873570868.3494 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-07T19:51:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-07T16:53:49Z", "ms": -2176873570868.3494 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-08T20:50:35+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-08T17:52:35Z", "ms": -2176783644892.277 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-08T20:50:35+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-08T17:52:35Z", "ms": -2176783644892.277 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:43 on Tue 8 Jan to 03:47 on Wed 9 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-07T23:45:32Z → 1901-01-09T00:50:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:51 on the 7th and 20:50 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24703 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Tuesday 8 January. Caturthī runs from 02:43 on Tue 8 Jan to 03:47 on Wed 9 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22164, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1901-01-13T11:01:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z", "ms": -2176386974339.8347 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-11T23:59:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-11T21:01:57Z", "ms": -2173834682869.7258 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1901-01-13T11:01:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z", "ms": -2176386974339.8347 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-13T11:01:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z", "ms": -2176386974339.8347 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-12T17:10:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-12T14:12:12Z", "ms": -2176451268047.74 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-13T17:11:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T14:13:10Z", "ms": -2176364810281.2827 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-13T17:11:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T14:13:10Z", "ms": -2176364810281.2827 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-14T17:12:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-14T14:14:08Z", "ms": -2176278351771.4683 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1901-01-13", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 11:01 on Sun 13 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:10, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:11.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 22164 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Sunday 13 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 12 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1901-01-12", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1901-01-12", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bhogi 1901 falls on Saturday 12 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Sunday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 11:01 on Sun 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22164, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1901-01-13T11:01:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z", "ms": -2176386974339.8347 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-11T23:59:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-11T21:01:57Z", "ms": -2173834682869.7258 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1901-01-13T11:01:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z", "ms": -2176386974339.8347 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-13T11:01:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z", "ms": -2176386974339.8347 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-12T17:10:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-12T14:12:12Z", "ms": -2176451268047.74 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-13T17:11:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T14:13:10Z", "ms": -2176364810281.2827 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-13T17:11:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T14:13:10Z", "ms": -2176364810281.2827 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-14T17:12:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-14T14:14:08Z", "ms": -2176278351771.4683 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 11:01 on Sun 13 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:10, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:11.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 22164 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1901-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1901-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Pongal 1901 falls on Sunday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 11:01 on Sun 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39682, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1901-01-13T11:01:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z", "ms": -2176386974339.8347 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-11T23:59:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-11T21:01:57Z", "ms": -2173834682869.7258 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1901-01-13T11:01:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z", "ms": -2176386974339.8347 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-13T11:01:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z", "ms": -2176386974339.8347 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-12T00:00:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-11T21:02:24Z", "ms": -2176513056000 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-13T00:00:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-12T21:02:24Z", "ms": -2176426656000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-13T00:00:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-12T21:02:24Z", "ms": -2176426656000 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-14T00:00:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T21:02:24Z", "ms": -2176340256000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 11:01 on Sun 13 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Mosul.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Baghdad" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 39682 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1901-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1901-01-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Makara Saṅkrānti 1901 falls on Sunday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 11:01 on Sun 13 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22164, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1901-01-13T11:01:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z", "ms": -2176386974339.8347 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-11T23:59:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-11T21:01:57Z", "ms": -2173834682869.7258 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1901-01-13T11:01:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z", "ms": -2176386974339.8347 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-13T11:01:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z", "ms": -2176386974339.8347 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-12T17:10:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-12T14:12:12Z", "ms": -2176451268047.74 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-13T17:11:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T14:13:10Z", "ms": -2176364810281.2827 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-13T17:11:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-13T14:13:10Z", "ms": -2176364810281.2827 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-14T17:12:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-14T14:14:08Z", "ms": -2176278351771.4683 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1901-01-13", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 11:01 on Sun 13 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-13T08:03:46Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:10, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:11.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 22164 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Sunday 13 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Mosul, 1901: Monday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1901-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1901-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mattu Pongal 1901 falls on Monday 14 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Sunday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 11:01 on Sun 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-01-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36677, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-15T17:28:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-15T14:30:21Z", "ms": -2176190979418.4927 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-16T18:55:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-16T15:57:44Z", "ms": -2176099335515.195 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-15T17:28:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-15T14:30:21Z", "ms": -2176190979418.4927 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-16T18:55:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-16T15:57:44Z", "ms": -2176099335515.195 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-15T07:17:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-15T04:19:04Z", "ms": -2176227656425.898 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-15T07:17:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-15T04:19:04Z", "ms": -2176227656425.898 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-01-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-16T07:16:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-16T04:18:47Z", "ms": -2176141273256.839 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-16T07:16:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-16T04:18:47Z", "ms": -2176141273256.839 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:27 on Tue 15 Jan to 18:55 on Wed 16 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-15T14:30:21Z → 1901-01-16T15:57:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:16 on the 15th and 07:16 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36677 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 16 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Wednesday 16 January. Ekādaśī runs from 17:27 on Tue 15 Jan to 18:55 on Wed 16 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-01-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-01-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1832, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-17T19:39:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-17T16:41:47Z", "ms": -2176010293409.093 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-18T19:38:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-18T16:40:38Z", "ms": -2175923962098.782 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-17T19:39:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-17T16:41:47Z", "ms": -2176010293409.093 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-18T19:38:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-18T16:40:38Z", "ms": -2175923962098.782 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-17T17:15:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-17T14:17:08Z", "ms": -2176018972283.2444 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-17T19:07:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-17T16:09:16Z", "ms": -2176012244343.7578 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-18T17:16:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-18T14:18:09Z", "ms": -2175932511302.503 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-18T19:08:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-18T16:10:05Z", "ms": -2175925794510.541 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:39 on Thu 17 Jan to 19:38 on Fri 18 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-17T16:41:47Z → 1901-01-18T16:40:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:14–19:06 on the 17th, 17:15–19:07 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 112 minutes on the 17th and 112 of 112 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1832 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Friday 18 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Friday 18 January. Trayodaśī runs from 19:39 on Thu 17 Jan to 19:38 on Fri 18 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-01-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-01-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15199, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-18T19:38:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-18T16:40:38Z", "ms": -2175923962098.782 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-19T18:54:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-19T15:56:46Z", "ms": -2175840193887.1748 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-18T19:38:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-18T16:40:38Z", "ms": -2175923962098.782 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-19T18:54:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-19T15:56:46Z", "ms": -2175840193887.1748 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-18T23:51:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-18T20:53:57Z", "ms": -2175908763332.6458 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-19T00:39:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-18T21:41:57Z", "ms": -2175905883332.6458 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-19T23:52:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-19T20:54:15Z", "ms": -2175822344862.9314 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-20T00:40:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-19T21:42:15Z", "ms": -2175819464862.9314 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:38 on Fri 18 Jan to 18:54 on Sat 19 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-18T16:40:38Z → 1901-01-19T15:56:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:51–00:39 on the 18th, 23:51–00:39 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15199 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1901: Friday 18 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1901 falls on Friday 18 January. Caturdaśī runs from 19:38 on Fri 18 Jan to 18:54 on Sat 19 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-01-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35110, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-18T19:38:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-18T16:40:38Z", "ms": -2175923962098.782 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-19T18:54:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-19T15:56:46Z", "ms": -2175840193887.1748 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-18T19:38:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-18T16:40:38Z", "ms": -2175923962098.782 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-19T18:54:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-19T15:56:46Z", "ms": -2175840193887.1748 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-19T05:23:48+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-19T02:25:48Z", "ms": -2175888852154.7505 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-19T07:15:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-19T04:17:45Z", "ms": -2175882135362.7886 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-20T05:23:35+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-20T02:25:35Z", "ms": -2175802465219.9575 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-20T07:15:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-20T04:17:20Z", "ms": -2175795759895.2397 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 19:38 on Fri 18 Jan to 18:54 on Sat 19 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-18T16:40:38Z → 1901-01-19T15:56:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:23–07:15 on the 19th, 05:23–07:14 on the 20th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 112 of 112 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 112 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35110 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 19 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Yama Tarpaṇa 1901 falls on Saturday 19 January. Caturdaśī runs from 19:38 on Fri 18 Jan to 18:54 on Sat 19 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2747, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-23T11:07:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-23T08:09:50Z", "ms": -2175522609800.2014 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-24T08:39:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T05:41:23Z", "ms": -2175445117306.9177 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-23T11:07:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-23T08:09:50Z", "ms": -2175522609800.2014 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-24T08:39:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T05:41:23Z", "ms": -2175445117306.9177 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-23T11:53:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-23T08:55:38Z", "ms": -2175519862413.7764 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-23T12:41:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-23T09:43:38Z", "ms": -2175516982413.7764 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-24T11:53:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T08:55:53Z", "ms": -2175433446828.706 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-24T12:41:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T09:43:53Z", "ms": -2175430566828.706 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:07 on Wed 23 Jan to 08:38 on Thu 24 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-23T08:09:50Z → 1901-01-24T05:41:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 23rd, 11:53–12:41 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2747 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1901 falls on Wednesday 23 January. Caturthī runs from 11:07 on Wed 23 Jan to 08:38 on Thu 24 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22410, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-23T11:07:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-23T08:09:50Z", "ms": -2175522609800.2014 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-24T08:39:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T05:41:23Z", "ms": -2175445117306.9177 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-23T11:07:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-23T08:09:50Z", "ms": -2175522609800.2014 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-24T08:39:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T05:41:23Z", "ms": -2175445117306.9177 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-23T17:21:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-23T14:23:20Z", "ms": -2175500200033.3442 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-23T19:12:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-23T16:14:16Z", "ms": -2175493543603.547 } }, "covered_min": 111, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-24T17:22:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T14:24:23Z", "ms": -2175413736847.5457 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-24T19:13:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T16:15:07Z", "ms": -2175407093355.1035 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:07 on Wed 23 Jan to 08:38 on Thu 24 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-23T08:09:50Z → 1901-01-24T05:41:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:20–19:11 on the 23rd, 17:21–19:12 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 111 of 111 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 111 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22410 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 23 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Tila Caturthī 1901 falls on Wednesday 23 January. Caturthī runs from 11:07 on Wed 23 Jan to 08:38 on Thu 24 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11670, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-24T08:39:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T05:41:23Z", "ms": -2175445117306.9177 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-25T06:13:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-25T03:15:18Z", "ms": -2175367482088.9575 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-24T08:39:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T05:41:23Z", "ms": -2175445117306.9177 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-25T06:13:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-25T03:15:18Z", "ms": -2175367482088.9575 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-24T11:53:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T08:55:53Z", "ms": -2175433446828.706 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-24T12:41:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T09:43:53Z", "ms": -2175430566828.706 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-25T11:54:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-25T08:56:08Z", "ms": -2175347032055.804 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-25T12:42:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-25T09:44:08Z", "ms": -2175344152055.804 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 08:38 on Thu 24 Jan to 06:12 on Fri 25 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-24T05:41:23Z → 1901-01-25T03:15:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 24th, 11:53–12:41 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 11670 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śrī Pañcamī 1901 falls on Thursday 24 January. Pañcamī runs from 08:38 on Thu 24 Jan to 06:12 on Fri 25 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11670, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-24T08:39:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T05:41:23Z", "ms": -2175445117306.9177 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-25T06:13:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-25T03:15:18Z", "ms": -2175367482088.9575 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-24T08:39:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T05:41:23Z", "ms": -2175445117306.9177 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-25T06:13:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-25T03:15:18Z", "ms": -2175367482088.9575 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-24T11:53:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T08:55:53Z", "ms": -2175433446828.706 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-24T12:41:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-24T09:43:53Z", "ms": -2175430566828.706 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-25T11:54:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-25T08:56:08Z", "ms": -2175347032055.804 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-25T12:42:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-25T09:44:08Z", "ms": -2175344152055.804 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 08:38 on Thu 24 Jan to 06:12 on Fri 25 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-24T05:41:23Z → 1901-01-25T03:15:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:53–12:41 on the 24th, 11:53–12:41 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11670 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vasanta Pañcamī 1901 falls on Thursday 24 January. Pañcamī runs from 08:38 on Thu 24 Jan to 06:12 on Fri 25 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5202, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-26T03:55:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-26T00:57:01Z", "ms": -2175289378554.787 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-27T01:48:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-26T22:50:23Z", "ms": -2175210577195.7239 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-26T03:55:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-26T00:57:01Z", "ms": -2175289378554.787 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-27T01:48:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-26T22:50:23Z", "ms": -2175210577195.7239 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-26T05:21:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-26T02:23:43Z", "ms": -2175284176593.5625 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-26T07:12:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-26T04:14:14Z", "ms": -2175277546306.8218 } }, "covered_min": 111, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-27T05:21:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-27T02:23:19Z", "ms": -2175197800566.2314 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-27T07:11:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-27T04:13:36Z", "ms": -2175191183745.0344 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 03:54 on Sat 26 Jan to 01:47 on Sun 27 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-26T00:57:01Z → 1901-01-26T22:50:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:21–07:11 on the 26th, 05:20–07:11 on the 27th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 111 of 111 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 110 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5202 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 26 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ratha Saptamī 1901 falls on Saturday 26 January. Saptamī runs from 03:54 on Sat 26 Jan to 01:47 on Sun 27 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-01-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36842, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-29T20:55:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-29T17:57:32Z", "ms": -2174968948401.012 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-30T19:48:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-30T16:50:46Z", "ms": -2174886553686.4443 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-29T20:55:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-29T17:57:32Z", "ms": -2174968948401.012 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-30T19:48:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-30T16:50:46Z", "ms": -2174886553686.4443 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-30T07:09:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-30T04:11:33Z", "ms": -2174932106518.224 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-30T07:09:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-30T04:11:33Z", "ms": -2174932106518.224 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-31T07:08:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-31T04:10:49Z", "ms": -2174845750835.8088 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-31T07:08:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-31T04:10:49Z", "ms": -2174845750835.8088 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:55 on Tue 29 Jan to 19:48 on Wed 30 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-29T17:57:32Z → 1901-01-30T16:50:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:09 on the 30th and 07:08 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36842 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 30 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Jayā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Wednesday 30 January. Ekādaśī runs from 20:55 on Tue 29 Jan to 19:48 on Wed 30 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-01-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22508, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-30T19:48:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-30T16:50:46Z", "ms": -2174886553686.4443 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-31T18:58:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-31T16:00:27Z", "ms": -2174803172961.5264 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-30T19:48:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-30T16:50:46Z", "ms": -2174886553686.4443 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-31T18:58:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-31T16:00:27Z", "ms": -2174803172961.5264 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-30T11:55:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-30T08:57:09Z", "ms": -2174914970655.8032 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-30T12:43:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-30T09:45:09Z", "ms": -2174912090655.8032 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-31T11:55:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-31T08:57:19Z", "ms": -2174828560894.3032 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-31T12:43:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-31T09:45:19Z", "ms": -2174825680894.3032 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 19:48 on Wed 30 Jan to 18:57 on Thu 31 Jan.", "fact": "1901-01-30T16:50:46Z → 1901-01-31T16:00:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 30th, 11:54–12:42 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22508 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1901 falls on Thursday 31 January. Dvādaśī runs from 19:48 on Wed 30 Jan to 18:57 on Thu 31 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-02-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-02-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1228, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-01-31T18:58:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-31T16:00:27Z", "ms": -2174803172961.5264 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-01T18:26:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-01T15:28:15Z", "ms": -2174718704516.4866 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-01-31T18:58:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-31T16:00:27Z", "ms": -2174803172961.5264 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-01T18:26:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-01T15:28:15Z", "ms": -2174718704516.4866 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-01-31T17:29:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-31T14:31:49Z", "ms": -2174808490952.7979 }, "end": { "local": "1901-01-31T19:18:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-01-31T16:20:55Z", "ms": -2174801945065.821 } }, "covered_min": 20, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-01T17:30:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-01T14:32:53Z", "ms": -2174722027143.0193 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-01T19:19:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-01T16:21:44Z", "ms": -2174715496108.1113 } }, "covered_min": 55, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:57 on Thu 31 Jan to 18:25 on Fri 1 Feb.", "fact": "1901-01-31T16:00:27Z → 1901-02-01T15:28:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:29–19:18 on the 31st, 17:30–19:19 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 20 of 109 minutes on the 31st and 55 of 109 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1228 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Friday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-01-31", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Friday 1 February. Trayodaśī runs from 18:57 on Thu 31 Jan to 18:25 on Fri 1 Feb and covers 55 of 109 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 20 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-02-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-02-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19876, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-02-02T18:14:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-02T15:16:52Z", "ms": -2174632987726.6455 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-03T18:27:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-03T15:29:41Z", "ms": -2174545819303.6782 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-02-02T18:14:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-02T15:16:52Z", "ms": -2174632987726.6455 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-03T18:27:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-03T15:29:41Z", "ms": -2174545819303.6782 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-02T11:55:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-02T08:57:36Z", "ms": -2174655743884.6978 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-02T12:43:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-02T09:45:36Z", "ms": -2174652863884.6978 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-03T11:55:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-03T08:57:43Z", "ms": -2174569336628.5264 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-03T12:43:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-03T09:45:43Z", "ms": -2174566456628.5264 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:14 on Sat 2 Feb to 18:27 on Sun 3 Feb.", "fact": "1901-02-02T15:16:52Z → 1901-02-03T15:29:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 2nd, 11:55–12:43 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19876 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 3 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1901 falls on Sunday 3 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:14 on Sat 2 Feb to 18:27 on Sun 3 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-02-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5299, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-02-06T22:00:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-06T19:02:27Z", "ms": -2174273852877.878 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-08T00:10:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-07T21:12:08Z", "ms": -2174179672036.4453 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-02-06T22:00:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-06T19:02:27Z", "ms": -2174273852877.878 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-08T00:10:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-07T21:12:08Z", "ms": -2174179672036.4453 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-06T20:32:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-06T17:34:08Z", "ms": -2174279151756.8428 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-06T20:32:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-06T17:34:08Z", "ms": -2174279151756.8428 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-07T21:27:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-07T18:29:55Z", "ms": -2174189404635.953 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-07T21:27:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-07T18:29:55Z", "ms": -2174189404635.953 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:59 on Wed 6 Feb to 00:09 on Fri 8 Feb.", "fact": "1901-02-06T19:02:27Z → 1901-02-07T21:12:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:31 on the 6th and 21:27 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5299 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Thursday 7 February. Caturthī runs from 21:59 on Wed 6 Feb to 00:09 on Fri 8 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-02-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-02-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21347, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-02-14T12:51:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-14T09:53:38Z", "ms": -2173615582472.417 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-15T12:56:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-15T09:58:42Z", "ms": -2173528877812.448 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-02-14T12:51:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-14T09:53:38Z", "ms": -2173615582472.417 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-15T12:56:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-15T09:58:42Z", "ms": -2173528877812.448 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-02-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-14T06:55:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-14T03:57:50Z", "ms": -2173636929619.3389 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-14T06:55:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-14T03:57:50Z", "ms": -2173636929619.3389 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-15T06:54:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-15T03:56:45Z", "ms": -2173550595249.1707 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-15T06:54:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-15T03:56:45Z", "ms": -2173550595249.1707 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:51 on Thu 14 Feb to 12:56 on Fri 15 Feb.", "fact": "1901-02-14T09:53:38Z → 1901-02-15T09:58:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:55 on the 14th and 06:54 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21347 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 15 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Friday 15 February. Ekādaśī runs from 12:51 on Thu 14 Feb to 12:56 on Fri 15 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-02-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-02-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-02-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20151, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-02-16T12:10:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-16T09:12:42Z", "ms": -2173445237736.8127 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-17T10:37:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-17T07:39:50Z", "ms": -2173364410176.6912 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-02-16T12:10:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-16T09:12:42Z", "ms": -2173445237736.8127 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-17T10:37:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-17T07:39:50Z", "ms": -2173364410176.6912 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-16T17:46:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-16T14:48:33Z", "ms": -2173425087145.8877 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-16T19:31:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-16T16:33:20Z", "ms": -2173418799520.78 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-17T17:47:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-17T14:49:34Z", "ms": -2173338626343.6663 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-17T19:32:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-17T16:34:04Z", "ms": -2173332356027.7988 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:10 on Sat 16 Feb to 10:37 on Sun 17 Feb.", "fact": "1901-02-16T09:12:42Z → 1901-02-17T07:39:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:46–19:30 on the 16th, 17:47–19:31 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 105 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20151 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 16 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Saturday 16 February. Trayodaśī runs from 12:10 on Sat 16 Feb to 10:37 on Sun 17 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-02-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-02-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27723, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-02-17T10:37:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-17T07:39:50Z", "ms": -2173364410176.6912 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-18T08:25:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-18T05:27:31Z", "ms": -2173285949452.8992 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-02-17T10:37:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-17T07:39:50Z", "ms": -2173364410176.6912 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-18T08:25:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-18T05:27:31Z", "ms": -2173285949452.8992 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-16T23:55:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-16T20:57:31Z", "ms": -2173402948551.7344 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-17T00:43:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-16T21:45:31Z", "ms": -2173400068551.7344 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-17T23:55:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-17T20:57:27Z", "ms": -2173316552659.1636 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-18T00:43:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-17T21:45:27Z", "ms": -2173313672659.1636 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 10:37 on Sun 17 Feb to 08:25 on Mon 18 Feb.", "fact": "1901-02-17T07:39:50Z → 1901-02-18T05:27:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:55–00:43 on the 16th, 23:54–00:42 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 27723 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahāśivarātri 1901 falls on Sunday 17 February. Caturdaśī runs from 10:37 on Sun 17 Feb to 08:25 on Mon 18 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-02-22", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-02-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16544, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-02-21T20:19:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-21T17:21:46Z", "ms": -2172983894205.4883 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-22T17:19:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-22T14:21:18Z", "ms": -2172908322486.961 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-02-21T20:19:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-21T17:21:46Z", "ms": -2172983894205.4883 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-22T17:19:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-22T14:21:18Z", "ms": -2172908322486.961 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-21T11:55:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-21T08:57:41Z", "ms": -2173014139332.3765 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-21T12:43:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-21T09:45:41Z", "ms": -2173011259332.3765 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-22T11:55:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-22T08:57:34Z", "ms": -2172927746318.4673 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-22T12:43:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-22T09:45:34Z", "ms": -2172924866318.4673 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:19 on Thu 21 Feb to 17:18 on Fri 22 Feb.", "fact": "1901-02-21T17:21:46Z → 1901-02-22T14:21:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:55–12:43 on the 21st, 11:55–12:43 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16544 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 22 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-02-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1901 falls on Friday 22 February. Caturthī runs from 20:19 on Thu 21 Feb to 17:18 on Fri 22 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-02-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-03-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2841, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-02-28T07:29:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-28T04:31:39Z", "ms": -2172425300708.0938 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-01T07:24:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-01T04:26:59Z", "ms": -2172339181049.3123 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-02-28T07:29:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-28T04:31:39Z", "ms": -2172425300708.0938 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-01T07:24:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-01T04:26:59Z", "ms": -2172339181049.3123 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-02-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-02-28T06:38:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-28T03:40:57Z", "ms": -2172428343131.8896 }, "end": { "local": "1901-02-28T06:38:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-02-28T03:40:57Z", "ms": -2172428343131.8896 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-01T06:37:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-01T03:39:38Z", "ms": -2172342022273.5342 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-01T06:37:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-01T03:39:38Z", "ms": -2172342022273.5342 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:29 on Thu 28 Feb to 07:24 on Fri 1 Mar.", "fact": "1901-02-28T04:31:39Z → 1901-03-01T04:26:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:38 on the 28th and 06:37 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2841 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 1 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Friday 1 March. Ekādaśī runs from 07:29 on Thu 28 Feb to 07:24 on Fri 1 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-03-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-03-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34447, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-02T07:44:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-02T04:46:22Z", "ms": -2172251618206.2917 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-03T08:27:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-03T05:29:02Z", "ms": -2172162657694.221 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-02T07:44:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-02T04:46:22Z", "ms": -2172251618206.2917 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-03T08:27:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-03T05:29:02Z", "ms": -2172162657694.221 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-02T18:00:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-02T15:02:13Z", "ms": -2172214666851.5867 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-02T19:40:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-02T16:42:51Z", "ms": -2172208628966.1028 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-03T18:01:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-03T15:03:09Z", "ms": -2172128210867.4048 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-03T19:41:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-03T16:43:29Z", "ms": -2172122191276.8892 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:43 on Sat 2 Mar to 08:26 on Sun 3 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-02T04:46:22Z → 1901-03-03T05:29:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:59–19:40 on the 2nd, 18:00–19:40 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 101 of 101 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 100 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34447 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 2 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Saturday 2 March. Trayodaśī runs from 07:43 on Sat 2 Mar to 08:26 on Sun 3 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-03-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16962, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-03-04T09:32:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-04T06:34:54Z", "ms": -2172072305501.0286 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-05T11:02:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-05T08:04:09Z", "ms": -2171980551039.1035 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-04T09:32:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-04T06:34:54Z", "ms": -2172072305501.0286 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-05T11:02:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-05T08:04:09Z", "ms": -2171980551039.1035 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-04T15:44:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-04T12:46:23Z", "ms": -2172050016950.6606 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-04T18:02:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-04T15:04:05Z", "ms": -2172041755203.6912 } }, "covered_min": 138, "window_min": 138, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-05T15:44:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-05T12:46:51Z", "ms": -2171963589038.7734 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-05T18:03:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-05T15:05:00Z", "ms": -2171955299849.7341 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 138, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:32 on Mon 4 Mar to 11:01 on Tue 5 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-04T06:34:54Z → 1901-03-05T08:04:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:43–18:01 on the 4th, 15:44–18:02 on the 5th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 138 of 138 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 138 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16962 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Mosul, 1901: Monday 4 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Holikā Dahana 1901 falls on Monday 4 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:32 on Mon 4 Mar to 11:01 on Tue 5 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16962, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-03-04T09:32:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-04T06:34:54Z", "ms": -2172072305501.0286 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-05T11:02:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-05T08:04:09Z", "ms": -2171980551039.1035 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-04T09:32:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-04T06:34:54Z", "ms": -2172072305501.0286 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-05T11:02:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-05T08:04:09Z", "ms": -2171980551039.1035 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-04T15:44:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-04T12:46:23Z", "ms": -2172050016950.6606 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-04T18:02:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-04T15:04:05Z", "ms": -2172041755203.6912 } }, "covered_min": 138, "window_min": 138, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-05T15:44:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-05T12:46:51Z", "ms": -2171963589038.7734 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-05T18:03:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-05T15:05:00Z", "ms": -2171955299849.7341 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 138, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1901-03-04", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:32 on Mon 4 Mar to 11:01 on Tue 5 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-04T06:34:54Z → 1901-03-05T08:04:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:43–18:01 on the 4th, 15:44–18:02 on the 5th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 138 of 138 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 138 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16962 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Monday 4 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 5 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Holī 1901 falls on Tuesday 5 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Monday 4 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:32 on Mon 4 Mar to 11:01 on Tue 5 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 4th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16195, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1901-03-05T11:02:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-05T08:04:09Z", "ms": -2171980551039.1035 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-06T12:54:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-06T09:56:28Z", "ms": -2171887412196.4624 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-05T11:02:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-05T08:04:09Z", "ms": -2171980551039.1035 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-06T12:54:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-06T09:56:28Z", "ms": -2171887412196.4624 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-05T06:32:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-05T03:34:14Z", "ms": -2171996745794.9307 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-05T06:32:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-05T03:34:14Z", "ms": -2171996745794.9307 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-06T06:30:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-06T03:32:52Z", "ms": -2171910428246.1526 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-06T06:30:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-06T03:32:52Z", "ms": -2171910428246.1526 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 11:01 on Tue 5 Mar to 12:53 on Wed 6 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-05T08:04:09Z → 1901-03-06T09:56:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:31 on the 5th and 06:30 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16195 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 6 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vasantotsava 1901 falls on Wednesday 6 March. Pratipadā runs from 11:01 on Tue 5 Mar to 12:53 on Wed 6 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-03-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6360, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-08T17:38:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-08T14:40:46Z", "ms": -2171697553663.6177 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-09T20:19:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-09T17:21:04Z", "ms": -2171601535820.8267 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-08T17:38:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-08T14:40:46Z", "ms": -2171697553663.6177 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-09T20:19:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-09T17:21:04Z", "ms": -2171601535820.8267 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-08T21:09:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-08T18:11:50Z", "ms": -2171684889601.3325 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-08T21:09:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-08T18:11:50Z", "ms": -2171684889601.3325 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-03-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-09T22:05:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-09T19:07:04Z", "ms": -2171595175848.8872 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-09T22:05:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-09T19:07:04Z", "ms": -2171595175848.8872 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:38 on Fri 8 Mar to 20:18 on Sat 9 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-08T14:40:46Z → 1901-03-09T17:21:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:09 on the 8th and 22:04 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6360 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 8 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Friday 8 March. Caturthī runs from 17:38 on Fri 8 Mar to 20:18 on Sat 9 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-03-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26063, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-13T03:20:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-13T00:22:10Z", "ms": -2171317070239.089 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-14T04:36:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-14T01:38:58Z", "ms": -2171226062237.6243 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-13T03:20:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-13T00:22:10Z", "ms": -2171317070239.089 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-14T04:36:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-14T01:38:58Z", "ms": -2171226062237.6243 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-13T11:51:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-13T08:53:37Z", "ms": -2171286383038.1414 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-13T12:39:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-13T09:41:37Z", "ms": -2171283503038.1414 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-03-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-14T11:51:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-14T08:53:20Z", "ms": -2171199999510.9304 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-14T12:39:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-14T09:41:20Z", "ms": -2171197119510.9304 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 03:19 on Wed 13 Mar to 04:36 on Thu 14 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-13T00:22:10Z → 1901-03-14T01:38:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 13th, 11:50–12:38 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26063 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 13 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śītalāṣṭamī 1901 falls on Wednesday 13 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 03:19 on Wed 13 Mar to 04:36 on Thu 14 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-03-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5787, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-16T04:40:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-16T01:42:14Z", "ms": -2171053065595.4192 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-17T03:23:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-17T00:25:30Z", "ms": -2170971270166.5564 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-16T04:40:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-16T01:42:14Z", "ms": -2171053065595.4192 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-17T03:23:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-17T00:25:30Z", "ms": -2170971270166.5564 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-16T06:16:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-16T03:18:42Z", "ms": -2171047278242.0837 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-16T06:16:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-16T03:18:42Z", "ms": -2171047278242.0837 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-17T06:15:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-17T03:17:15Z", "ms": -2170960965086.8923 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-17T06:15:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-17T03:17:15Z", "ms": -2170960965086.8923 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:39 on Sat 16 Mar to 03:22 on Sun 17 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-16T01:42:14Z → 1901-03-17T00:25:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:16 on the 16th and 06:14 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5787 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 16 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Saturday 16 March. Ekādaśī runs from 04:39 on Sat 16 Mar to 03:22 on Sun 17 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-03-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-03-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9953, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-18T01:19:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-17T22:21:33Z", "ms": -2170892306916.9172 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-18T22:36:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-18T19:38:11Z", "ms": -2170815708895.1128 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-18T01:19:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-17T22:21:33Z", "ms": -2170892306916.9172 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-18T22:36:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-18T19:38:11Z", "ms": -2170815708895.1128 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-17T18:13:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-17T15:15:44Z", "ms": -2170917855618.6829 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-17T19:49:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-17T16:51:45Z", "ms": -2170912095155.5332 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-18T18:14:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-18T15:16:37Z", "ms": -2170831403276.568 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-18T19:50:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-18T16:52:19Z", "ms": -2170825661424.8362 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:19 on Mon 18 Mar to 22:35 on Mon 18 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-17T22:21:33Z → 1901-03-18T19:38:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:13–19:49 on the 17th, 18:14–19:49 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 96 minutes on the 17th and 96 of 96 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9953 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Monday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Monday 18 March. Trayodaśī runs from 01:19 on Mon 18 Mar to 22:35 on Mon 18 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-03-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-03-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4398, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-18T22:36:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-18T19:38:11Z", "ms": -2170815708895.1128 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-19T19:23:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-19T16:25:05Z", "ms": -2170740894990.9565 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-18T22:36:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-18T19:38:11Z", "ms": -2170815708895.1128 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-19T19:23:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-19T16:25:05Z", "ms": -2170740894990.9565 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-18T23:49:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-18T20:51:29Z", "ms": -2170811311332.5737 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-19T00:37:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-18T21:39:29Z", "ms": -2170808431332.5737 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-19T23:49:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-19T20:51:11Z", "ms": -2170724928945.6797 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-20T00:37:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-19T21:39:11Z", "ms": -2170722048945.6797 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:35 on Mon 18 Mar to 19:22 on Tue 19 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-18T19:38:11Z → 1901-03-19T16:25:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:48–00:36 on the 18th, 23:48–00:36 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4398 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1901: Monday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1901 falls on Monday 18 March. Caturdaśī runs from 22:35 on Mon 18 Mar to 19:22 on Tue 19 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-03-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1279, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1901-03-20T15:50:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-20T12:52:55Z", "ms": -2170667224935.648 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-21T12:10:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-21T09:12:38Z", "ms": -2170594041914.0066 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-20T15:50:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-20T12:52:55Z", "ms": -2170667224935.648 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-21T12:10:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-21T09:12:38Z", "ms": -2170594041914.0066 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-20T11:49:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-20T08:51:37Z", "ms": -2170681702938.1255 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-20T12:37:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-20T09:39:37Z", "ms": -2170678822938.1255 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-21T11:49:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-21T08:51:19Z", "ms": -2170595320775.6274 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-21T12:37:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-21T09:39:19Z", "ms": -2170592440775.6274 } }, "covered_min": 21, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 15:50 on Wed 20 Mar to 12:10 on Thu 21 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-20T12:52:55Z → 1901-03-21T09:12:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 20th, 11:48–12:36 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 21 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1279 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Mosul, 1901: Thursday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1901 falls on Thursday 21 March. Pratipadā runs from 15:50 on Wed 20 Mar to 12:10 on Thu 21 Mar and covers 21 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11766, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1901-03-22T08:32:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-22T05:34:55Z", "ms": -2170520705216.9956 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-23T05:07:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T02:09:43Z", "ms": -2170446617016.754 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-22T08:32:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-22T05:34:55Z", "ms": -2170520705216.9956 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-23T05:07:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T02:09:43Z", "ms": -2170446617016.754 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-22T11:49:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-22T08:51:01Z", "ms": -2170508938741.9863 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-22T12:37:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-22T09:39:01Z", "ms": -2170506058741.9863 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-23T11:48:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T08:50:43Z", "ms": -2170422556821.8027 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-23T12:36:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T09:38:43Z", "ms": -2170419676821.8027 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:32 on Fri 22 Mar to 05:07 on Sat 23 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-22T05:34:55Z → 1901-03-23T02:09:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 22nd, 11:48–12:36 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11766 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1901: Friday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1901 falls on Friday 22 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:32 on Fri 22 Mar to 05:07 on Sat 23 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11766, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1901-03-22T08:32:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-22T05:34:55Z", "ms": -2170520705216.9956 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-23T05:07:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T02:09:43Z", "ms": -2170446617016.754 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-22T08:32:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-22T05:34:55Z", "ms": -2170520705216.9956 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-23T05:07:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T02:09:43Z", "ms": -2170446617016.754 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-22T11:49:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-22T08:51:01Z", "ms": -2170508938741.9863 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-22T12:37:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-22T09:39:01Z", "ms": -2170506058741.9863 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-23T11:48:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T08:50:43Z", "ms": -2170422556821.8027 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-23T12:36:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T09:38:43Z", "ms": -2170419676821.8027 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 08:32 on Fri 22 Mar to 05:07 on Sat 23 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-22T05:34:55Z → 1901-03-23T02:09:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 22nd, 11:48–12:36 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 11766 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Friday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1901 falls on Friday 22 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 08:32 on Fri 22 Mar to 05:07 on Sat 23 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-03-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24060, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-23T05:07:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T02:09:43Z", "ms": -2170446617016.754 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-24T02:03:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T23:05:53Z", "ms": -2170371246786.1848 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-23T05:07:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T02:09:43Z", "ms": -2170446617016.754 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-24T02:03:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T23:05:53Z", "ms": -2170371246786.1848 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-23T11:48:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T08:50:43Z", "ms": -2170422556821.8027 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-23T12:36:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T09:38:43Z", "ms": -2170419676821.8027 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-24T11:48:25+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-24T08:50:25Z", "ms": -2170336174998.993 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-24T12:36:25+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-24T09:38:25Z", "ms": -2170333294998.993 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:07 on Sat 23 Mar to 02:03 on Sun 24 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-23T02:09:43Z → 1901-03-23T23:05:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 23rd, 11:47–12:35 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24060 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1901 falls on Saturday 23 March. Caturthī runs from 05:07 on Sat 23 Mar to 02:03 on Sun 24 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35072, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-24T02:03:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T23:05:53Z", "ms": -2170371246786.1848 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-24T23:28:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-24T20:30:45Z", "ms": -2170294154985.0872 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-24T02:03:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-23T23:05:53Z", "ms": -2170371246786.1848 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-24T23:28:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-24T20:30:45Z", "ms": -2170294154985.0872 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-24T11:48:25+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-24T08:50:25Z", "ms": -2170336174998.993 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-24T12:36:25+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-24T09:38:25Z", "ms": -2170333294998.993 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-25T11:48:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-25T08:50:07Z", "ms": -2170249793256.4543 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-25T12:36:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-25T09:38:07Z", "ms": -2170246913256.4543 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 02:03 on Sun 24 Mar to 23:28 on Sun 24 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-23T23:05:53Z → 1901-03-24T20:30:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 24th, 11:47–12:35 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35072 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1901 falls on Sunday 24 March. Pañcamī runs from 02:03 on Sun 24 Mar to 23:28 on Sun 24 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24214, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-26T20:04:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-26T17:06:11Z", "ms": -2170133629495.4763 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-27T19:19:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-27T16:21:04Z", "ms": -2170049936085.98 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-26T20:04:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-26T17:06:11Z", "ms": -2170133629495.4763 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-27T19:19:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-27T16:21:04Z", "ms": -2170049936085.98 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-26T11:47:48+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-26T08:49:48Z", "ms": -2170163411575.9414 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-26T12:35:48+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-26T09:37:48Z", "ms": -2170160531575.9414 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-27T11:47:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-27T08:49:30Z", "ms": -2170077029938.1245 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-27T12:35:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-27T09:37:30Z", "ms": -2170074149938.1245 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 20:03 on Tue 26 Mar to 19:18 on Wed 27 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-26T17:06:11Z → 1901-03-27T16:21:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 26th, 11:47–12:35 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24214 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bhavānī Utpatti 1901 falls on Wednesday 27 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 20:03 on Tue 26 Mar to 19:18 on Wed 27 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23771, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-27T19:19:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-27T16:21:04Z", "ms": -2170049936085.98 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-28T19:11:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-28T16:13:23Z", "ms": -2169963997201.5688 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-27T19:19:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-27T16:21:04Z", "ms": -2170049936085.98 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-28T19:11:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-28T16:13:23Z", "ms": -2169963997201.5688 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-27T11:47:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-27T08:49:30Z", "ms": -2170077029938.1245 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-27T12:35:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-27T09:37:30Z", "ms": -2170074149938.1245 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-28T11:47:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-28T08:49:12Z", "ms": -2169990648322.7632 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-28T12:35:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-28T09:37:12Z", "ms": -2169987768322.7632 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 19:18 on Wed 27 Mar to 19:10 on Thu 28 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-27T16:21:04Z → 1901-03-28T16:13:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 27th, 11:46–12:34 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23771 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rāma Navamī 1901 falls on Thursday 28 March. Navamī runs from 19:18 on Wed 27 Mar to 19:10 on Thu 28 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-03-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33498, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-29T19:38:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-29T16:40:26Z", "ms": -2169875973953.3862 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-30T20:36:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-30T17:38:31Z", "ms": -2169786088961.4485 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-29T19:38:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-29T16:40:26Z", "ms": -2169875973953.3862 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-30T20:36:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-30T17:38:31Z", "ms": -2169786088961.4485 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-30T05:56:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-30T02:58:16Z", "ms": -2169838903759.321 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-30T05:56:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-30T02:58:16Z", "ms": -2169838903759.321 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-31T05:54:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-31T02:56:49Z", "ms": -2169752591134.061 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-31T05:54:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-31T02:56:49Z", "ms": -2169752591134.061 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:37 on Fri 29 Mar to 20:36 on Sat 30 Mar.", "fact": "1901-03-29T16:40:26Z → 1901-03-30T17:38:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:55 on the 30th and 05:54 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 33498 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Saturday 30 March. Ekādaśī runs from 19:37 on Fri 29 Mar to 20:36 on Sat 30 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-03-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34035, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-31T22:01:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-31T19:03:31Z", "ms": -2169694588632.041 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-01T23:49:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-01T20:51:23Z", "ms": -2169601716549.35 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-31T22:01:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-31T19:03:31Z", "ms": -2169694588632.041 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-01T23:49:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-01T20:51:23Z", "ms": -2169601716549.35 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-31T11:46:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-31T08:48:17Z", "ms": -2169731503399.5708 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-31T12:34:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-31T09:36:17Z", "ms": -2169728623399.5708 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-01T11:45:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-01T08:47:58Z", "ms": -2169645121660.2334 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-01T12:33:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-01T09:35:58Z", "ms": -2169642241660.2334 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:01 on Sun 31 Mar to 23:48 on Mon 1 Apr.", "fact": "1901-03-31T19:03:31Z → 1901-04-01T20:51:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 31st, 11:45–12:33 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34035 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Mosul, 1901: Monday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1901 falls on Monday 1 April. Trayodaśī runs from 22:01 on Sun 31 Mar to 23:48 on Mon 1 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-04-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7446, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-03-31T22:01:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-31T19:03:31Z", "ms": -2169694588632.041 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-01T23:49:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-01T20:51:23Z", "ms": -2169601716549.35 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-03-31T22:01:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-31T19:03:31Z", "ms": -2169694588632.041 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-01T23:49:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-01T20:51:23Z", "ms": -2169601716549.35 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-03-31T18:25:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-31T15:27:44Z", "ms": -2169707535665.0808 }, "end": { "local": "1901-03-31T19:57:25+02:58", "utc": "1901-03-31T16:59:25Z", "ms": -2169702034687.1348 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-01T18:26:35+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-01T15:28:35Z", "ms": -2169621084989.9807 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-01T19:57:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-01T16:59:58Z", "ms": -2169615602366.9993 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:01 on Sun 31 Mar to 23:48 on Mon 1 Apr.", "fact": "1901-03-31T19:03:31Z → 1901-04-01T20:51:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:25–19:56 on the 31st, 18:26–19:57 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 92 minutes on the 31st and 91 of 91 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7446 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Monday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Monday 1 April. Trayodaśī runs from 22:01 on Sun 31 Mar to 23:48 on Mon 1 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-04-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35348, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-04-01T23:49:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-01T20:51:23Z", "ms": -2169601716549.35 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-03T01:56:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-02T22:58:14Z", "ms": -2169507706266.1082 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-01T23:49:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-01T20:51:23Z", "ms": -2169601716549.35 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-03T01:56:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-02T22:58:14Z", "ms": -2169507706266.1082 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-02T11:45:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-02T08:47:40Z", "ms": -2169558739834.9785 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-02T12:33:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-02T09:35:40Z", "ms": -2169555859834.9785 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-03T11:45:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-03T08:47:22Z", "ms": -2169472357901.6821 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-03T12:33:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-03T09:35:22Z", "ms": -2169469477901.6821 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:48 on Mon 1 Apr to 01:55 on Wed 3 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-01T20:51:23Z → 1901-04-02T22:58:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 2nd, 11:44–12:32 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35348 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1901 falls on Tuesday 2 April. Caturdaśī runs from 23:48 on Mon 1 Apr to 01:55 on Wed 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26820, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-04-03T01:56:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-02T22:58:14Z", "ms": -2169507706266.1082 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-04T04:18:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-04T01:20:05Z", "ms": -2169412795348.999 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-03T01:56:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-02T22:58:14Z", "ms": -2169507706266.1082 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-04T04:18:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-04T01:20:05Z", "ms": -2169412795348.999 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-03T11:45:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-03T08:47:22Z", "ms": -2169472357901.6821 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-03T12:33:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-03T09:35:22Z", "ms": -2169469477901.6821 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-04T11:45:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-04T08:47:04Z", "ms": -2169385975838.3245 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-04T12:33:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-04T09:35:04Z", "ms": -2169383095838.3245 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 01:55 on Wed 3 Apr to 04:17 on Thu 4 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-02T22:58:14Z → 1901-04-04T01:20:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 3rd, 11:44–12:32 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26820 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1901 falls on Wednesday 3 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 01:55 on Wed 3 Apr to 04:17 on Thu 4 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-04-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29713, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-04-07T12:02:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-07T09:04:08Z", "ms": -2169125751870.5806 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-08T14:25:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-08T11:27:19Z", "ms": -2169030761359.293 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-07T12:02:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-07T09:04:08Z", "ms": -2169125751870.5806 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-08T14:25:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-08T11:27:19Z", "ms": -2169030761359.293 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-07T21:47:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-07T18:49:46Z", "ms": -2169090613826.096 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-07T21:47:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-07T18:49:46Z", "ms": -2169090613826.096 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-08T22:40:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-08T19:42:31Z", "ms": -2169001048654.1477 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-08T22:40:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-08T19:42:31Z", "ms": -2169001048654.1477 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:01 on Sun 7 Apr to 14:24 on Mon 8 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-07T09:04:08Z → 1901-04-08T11:27:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:47 on the 7th and 22:40 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 7th and is not on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29713 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 7 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Sunday 7 April. Caturthī runs from 12:01 on Sun 7 Apr to 14:24 on Mon 8 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-04-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-13", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 188, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1901-04-13T05:39:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-13T02:41:29Z", "ms": -2168630311171.23 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-14T02:44:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-13T23:46:13Z", "ms": -2165962427193.6663 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1901-04-13T05:39:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-13T02:41:29Z", "ms": -2168630311171.23 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-13T05:39:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-13T02:41:29Z", "ms": -2168630311171.23 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-12T05:37:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-12T02:39:43Z", "ms": -2168716816795.5833 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-13T05:36:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-13T02:38:21Z", "ms": -2168630499415.6099 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-13T05:36:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-13T02:38:21Z", "ms": -2168630499415.6099 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-14T05:34:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-14T02:36:59Z", "ms": -2168544181452.6294 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 05:38 on Sat 13 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-13T02:41:29Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:37 on the 12th, and from 05:35 on the 13th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 13th, not the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 188 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 13 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-13", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1901-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1901-04-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vaiśākhī 1901 falls on Saturday 13 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 05:38 on Sat 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. It is 3 min 08 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-04-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31393, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-04-14T16:33:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-14T13:35:09Z", "ms": -2168504690993.4084 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-15T14:16:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-15T11:18:50Z", "ms": -2168426470253.5479 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-14T16:33:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-14T13:35:09Z", "ms": -2168504690993.4084 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-15T14:16:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-15T11:18:50Z", "ms": -2168426470253.5479 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-14T05:34:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-14T02:36:59Z", "ms": -2168544181452.6294 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-14T05:34:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-14T02:36:59Z", "ms": -2168544181452.6294 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-15T05:33:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-15T02:35:37Z", "ms": -2168457862877.134 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-15T05:33:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-15T02:35:37Z", "ms": -2168457862877.134 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:32 on Sun 14 Apr to 14:16 on Mon 15 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-14T13:35:09Z → 1901-04-15T11:18:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:34 on the 14th and 05:33 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31393 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Monday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Monday 15 April. Ekādaśī runs from 16:32 on Sun 14 Apr to 14:16 on Mon 15 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-04-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-04-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26128, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-04-16T11:23:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-16T08:25:49Z", "ms": -2168350451169.7197 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-17T08:02:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-17T05:04:42Z", "ms": -2168276117865.725 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-16T11:23:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-16T08:25:49Z", "ms": -2168350451169.7197 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-17T08:02:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-17T05:04:42Z", "ms": -2168276117865.725 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-16T18:39:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-16T15:41:17Z", "ms": -2168324323173.7812 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-16T20:06:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-16T17:08:10Z", "ms": -2168319109920.7043 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-17T18:40:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-17T15:42:08Z", "ms": -2168237871939.7178 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-17T20:06:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-17T17:08:44Z", "ms": -2168232676107.2905 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:23 on Tue 16 Apr to 08:02 on Wed 17 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-16T08:25:49Z → 1901-04-17T05:04:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:38–20:05 on the 16th, 18:39–20:06 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 87 of 87 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 87 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26128 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Tuesday 16 April. Trayodaśī runs from 11:23 on Tue 16 Apr to 08:02 on Wed 17 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-04-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-04-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14058, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-04-17T08:02:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-17T05:04:42Z", "ms": -2168276117865.725 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-18T04:23:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-18T01:25:11Z", "ms": -2168202889318.2566 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-17T08:02:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-17T05:04:42Z", "ms": -2168276117865.725 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-18T04:23:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-18T01:25:11Z", "ms": -2168202889318.2566 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-16T23:41:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-16T20:43:07Z", "ms": -2168306213474.7432 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-17T00:29:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-16T21:31:07Z", "ms": -2168303333474.7432 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-17T23:40:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-17T20:42:52Z", "ms": -2168219827568.1152 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-18T00:28:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-17T21:30:52Z", "ms": -2168216947568.1152 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:02 on Wed 17 Apr to 04:22 on Thu 18 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-17T05:04:42Z → 1901-04-18T01:25:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:40–00:28 on the 16th, 23:40–00:28 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14058 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 17 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1901 falls on Wednesday 17 April. Caturdaśī runs from 08:02 on Wed 17 Apr to 04:22 on Thu 18 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-04-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5184, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1901-04-20T17:16:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-20T14:18:18Z", "ms": -2167983702243.2498 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-21T14:04:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-21T11:06:18Z", "ms": -2167908822104.675 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-20T17:16:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-20T14:18:18Z", "ms": -2167983702243.2498 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-21T14:04:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-21T11:06:18Z", "ms": -2167908822104.675 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-20T18:42:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-20T15:44:42Z", "ms": -2167978517890.9 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-20T20:08:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-20T17:10:26Z", "ms": -2167973373778.353 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-21T18:43:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-21T15:45:34Z", "ms": -2167892066451.1826 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-21T20:09:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-21T17:11:01Z", "ms": -2167886939383.6062 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 17:15 on Sat 20 Apr to 14:03 on Sun 21 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-20T14:18:18Z → 1901-04-21T11:06:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:42–20:07 on the 20th, 18:43–20:08 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 86 of 86 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 85 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5184 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1901 falls on Saturday 20 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 17:15 on Sat 20 Apr to 14:03 on Sun 21 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15158, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1901-04-20T17:16:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-20T14:18:18Z", "ms": -2167983702243.2498 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-21T14:04:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-21T11:06:18Z", "ms": -2167908822104.675 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-20T17:16:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-20T14:18:18Z", "ms": -2167983702243.2498 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-21T14:04:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-21T11:06:18Z", "ms": -2167908822104.675 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-20T05:27:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-20T02:29:00Z", "ms": -2168026259856.377 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-20T09:52:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-20T06:54:14Z", "ms": -2168010345867.8845 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 265, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-21T05:25:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-21T02:27:43Z", "ms": -2167939937046.7986 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-21T09:51:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-21T06:53:40Z", "ms": -2167923980181.5933 } }, "covered_min": 266, "window_min": 266, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 17:15 on Sat 20 Apr to 14:03 on Sun 21 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-20T14:18:18Z → 1901-04-21T11:06:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:26–09:51 on the 20th, 05:25–09:51 on the 21st.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 265 minutes on the 20th and 266 of 266 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15158 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1901 falls on Sunday 21 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 17:15 on Sat 20 Apr to 14:03 on Sun 21 Apr and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1092, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1901-04-22T11:22:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-22T08:24:14Z", "ms": -2167832146229.5535 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-23T09:17:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-23T06:19:04Z", "ms": -2167753256423.3347 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-22T11:22:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-22T08:24:14Z", "ms": -2167832146229.5535 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-23T09:17:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-23T06:19:04Z", "ms": -2167753256423.3347 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-22T11:40:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-22T08:42:26Z", "ms": -2167831054212.4248 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-22T12:28:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-22T09:30:26Z", "ms": -2167828174212.4248 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-23T11:40:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-23T08:42:14Z", "ms": -2167744666254.9695 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-23T12:28:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-23T09:30:14Z", "ms": -2167741786254.9695 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 11:21 on Mon 22 Apr to 09:16 on Tue 23 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-22T08:24:14Z → 1901-04-23T06:19:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 22nd, 11:39–12:27 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1092 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Mosul, 1901: Monday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1901 falls on Monday 22 April. Pañcamī runs from 11:21 on Mon 22 Apr to 09:16 on Tue 23 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-04-22", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1092, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-04-21T14:04:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-21T11:06:18Z", "ms": -2167908822104.675 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-22T11:22:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-22T08:24:14Z", "ms": -2167832146229.5535 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-21T14:04:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-21T11:06:18Z", "ms": -2167908822104.675 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-22T11:22:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-22T08:24:14Z", "ms": -2167832146229.5535 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-21T11:40:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-21T08:42:38Z", "ms": -2167917441748.9907 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-21T12:28:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-21T09:30:38Z", "ms": -2167914561748.9907 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-22T11:40:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-22T08:42:26Z", "ms": -2167831054212.4248 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-22T12:28:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-22T09:30:26Z", "ms": -2167828174212.4248 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:03 on Sun 21 Apr to 11:21 on Mon 22 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-21T11:06:18Z → 1901-04-22T08:24:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 21st, 11:39–12:27 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 1092 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Monday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1901 falls on Monday 22 April. Caturthī runs from 14:03 on Sun 21 Apr to 11:21 on Mon 22 Apr, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13572, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1901-04-24T07:53:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-24T04:55:50Z", "ms": -2167671849996.0034 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-25T07:15:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-25T04:17:12Z", "ms": -2167587767698.399 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-24T07:53:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-24T04:55:50Z", "ms": -2167671849996.0034 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-25T07:15:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-25T04:17:12Z", "ms": -2167587767698.399 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-24T11:40:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-24T08:42:02Z", "ms": -2167658277866.8196 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-24T12:28:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-24T09:30:02Z", "ms": -2167655397866.8196 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-25T11:39:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-25T08:41:51Z", "ms": -2167571889037.4448 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-25T12:27:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-25T09:29:51Z", "ms": -2167569009037.4448 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 07:53 on Wed 24 Apr to 07:14 on Thu 25 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-24T04:55:50Z → 1901-04-25T04:17:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 24th, 11:39–12:27 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 13572 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 24 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1901 falls on Wednesday 24 April. Saptamī runs from 07:53 on Wed 24 Apr to 07:14 on Thu 25 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-04-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15343, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-04-28T09:32:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-28T06:34:50Z", "ms": -2167320310451.1555 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-29T11:26:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-29T08:28:21Z", "ms": -2167227099346.135 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-28T09:32:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-28T06:34:50Z", "ms": -2167320310451.1555 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-29T11:26:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-29T08:28:21Z", "ms": -2167227099346.135 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-28T05:17:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-28T02:19:06Z", "ms": -2167335653655.294 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-28T05:17:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-28T02:19:06Z", "ms": -2167335653655.294 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-29T05:15:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-29T02:17:56Z", "ms": -2167249323726.2188 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-29T05:15:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-29T02:17:56Z", "ms": -2167249323726.2188 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:32 on Sun 28 Apr to 11:25 on Mon 29 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-28T06:34:50Z → 1901-04-29T08:28:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:16 on the 28th and 05:15 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 28th and is on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15343 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Monday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Monday 29 April. Ekādaśī runs from 09:32 on Sun 28 Apr to 11:25 on Mon 29 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-04-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 770, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-04-29T11:26:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-29T08:28:21Z", "ms": -2167227099346.135 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-30T13:41:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-30T10:43:21Z", "ms": -2167132599352.7441 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-29T11:26:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-29T08:28:21Z", "ms": -2167227099346.135 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-30T13:41:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-30T10:43:21Z", "ms": -2167132599352.7441 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-29T11:39:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-29T08:41:11Z", "ms": -2167226329084.0347 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-29T12:27:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-29T09:29:11Z", "ms": -2167223449084.0347 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-30T11:39:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-30T08:41:02Z", "ms": -2167139937880.2046 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-30T12:27:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-30T09:29:02Z", "ms": -2167137057880.2046 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 11:25 on Mon 29 Apr to 13:40 on Tue 30 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-29T08:28:21Z → 1901-04-30T10:43:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 29th, 11:38–12:26 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 770 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Monday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1901 falls on Monday 29 April. Dvādaśī runs from 11:25 on Mon 29 Apr to 13:40 on Tue 30 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 770, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-04-29T11:26:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-29T08:28:21Z", "ms": -2167227099346.135 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-30T13:41:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-30T10:43:21Z", "ms": -2167132599352.7441 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-29T11:26:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-29T08:28:21Z", "ms": -2167227099346.135 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-30T13:41:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-30T10:43:21Z", "ms": -2167132599352.7441 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-29T11:39:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-29T08:41:11Z", "ms": -2167226329084.0347 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-29T12:27:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-29T09:29:11Z", "ms": -2167223449084.0347 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-30T11:39:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-30T08:41:02Z", "ms": -2167139937880.2046 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-30T12:27:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-30T09:29:02Z", "ms": -2167137057880.2046 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 11:25 on Mon 29 Apr to 13:40 on Tue 30 Apr.", "fact": "1901-04-29T08:28:21Z → 1901-04-30T10:43:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 29th, 11:38–12:26 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 770 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Monday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1901 falls on Monday 29 April. Dvādaśī runs from 11:25 on Mon 29 Apr to 13:40 on Tue 30 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-04-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-04-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9744, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-04-30T13:41:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-30T10:43:21Z", "ms": -2167132599352.7441 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-01T16:09:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-01T13:11:45Z", "ms": -2167037295179.485 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-04-30T13:41:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-30T10:43:21Z", "ms": -2167132599352.7441 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-01T16:09:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-01T13:11:45Z", "ms": -2167037295179.485 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-04-30T18:51:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-30T15:53:17Z", "ms": -2167114002984.4192 }, "end": { "local": "1901-04-30T20:14:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-04-30T17:16:16Z", "ms": -2167109024023.109 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-01T18:52:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-01T15:54:08Z", "ms": -2167027551561.6433 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-01T20:14:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-01T17:16:52Z", "ms": -2167022588379.016 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:40 on Tue 30 Apr to 16:09 on Wed 1 May.", "fact": "1901-04-30T10:43:21Z → 1901-05-01T13:11:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:50–20:13 on the 30th, 18:51–20:14 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 83 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9744 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 30 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Tuesday 30 April. Trayodaśī runs from 13:40 on Tue 30 Apr to 16:09 on Wed 1 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-04-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 546, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-05-01T16:09:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-01T13:11:45Z", "ms": -2167037295179.485 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-02T18:43:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-02T15:45:53Z", "ms": -2166941646676.8826 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-01T16:09:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-01T13:11:45Z", "ms": -2167037295179.485 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-02T18:43:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-02T15:45:53Z", "ms": -2166941646676.8826 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-01T18:52:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-01T15:54:08Z", "ms": -2167027551561.6433 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-01T20:14:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-01T17:16:52Z", "ms": -2167022588379.016 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-02T18:53:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-02T15:55:00Z", "ms": -2166941100182.617 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-02T20:15:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-02T17:17:27Z", "ms": -2166936152624.656 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:09 on Wed 1 May to 18:43 on Thu 2 May.", "fact": "1901-05-01T13:11:45Z → 1901-05-02T15:45:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:51–20:14 on the 1st, 18:52–20:14 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 82 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 546 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1901 falls on Wednesday 1 May. Caturdaśī runs from 16:09 on Wed 1 May to 18:43 on Thu 2 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22627, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-05-02T18:43:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-02T15:45:53Z", "ms": -2166941646676.8826 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-03T21:16:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-03T18:18:43Z", "ms": -2166846076524.7524 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-02T18:43:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-02T15:45:53Z", "ms": -2166941646676.8826 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-03T21:16:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-03T18:18:43Z", "ms": -2166846076524.7524 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-02T11:38:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-02T08:40:46Z", "ms": -2166967153937.2778 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-02T12:26:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-02T09:28:46Z", "ms": -2166964273937.2778 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-03T11:38:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-03T08:40:39Z", "ms": -2166880761177.62 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-03T12:26:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-03T09:28:39Z", "ms": -2166877881177.62 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:43 on Thu 2 May to 21:16 on Fri 3 May.", "fact": "1901-05-02T15:45:53Z → 1901-05-03T18:18:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 2nd, 11:38–12:26 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22627 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1901: Friday 3 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1901 falls on Friday 3 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:43 on Thu 2 May to 21:16 on Fri 3 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22627, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-05-02T18:43:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-02T15:45:53Z", "ms": -2166941646676.8826 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-03T21:16:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-03T18:18:43Z", "ms": -2166846076524.7524 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-02T18:43:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-02T15:45:53Z", "ms": -2166941646676.8826 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-03T21:16:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-03T18:18:43Z", "ms": -2166846076524.7524 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-02T11:38:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-02T08:40:46Z", "ms": -2166967153937.2778 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-02T12:26:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-02T09:28:46Z", "ms": -2166964273937.2778 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-03T11:38:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-03T08:40:39Z", "ms": -2166880761177.62 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-03T12:26:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-03T09:28:39Z", "ms": -2166877881177.62 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:43 on Thu 2 May to 21:16 on Fri 3 May.", "fact": "1901-05-02T15:45:53Z → 1901-05-03T18:18:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 2nd, 11:38–12:26 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22627 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Friday 3 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1901 falls on Friday 3 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:43 on Thu 2 May to 21:16 on Fri 3 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-05-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22577, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-05-07T03:43:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-07T00:45:52Z", "ms": -2166563648042.0952 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-08T05:09:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-08T02:11:07Z", "ms": -2166472132779.8704 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-07T03:43:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-07T00:45:52Z", "ms": -2166563648042.0952 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-08T05:09:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-08T02:11:07Z", "ms": -2166472132779.8704 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-06T21:27:35+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-06T18:29:35Z", "ms": -2166586225065.0813 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-06T21:27:35+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-06T18:29:35Z", "ms": -2166586225065.0813 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-07T22:15:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-07T19:17:50Z", "ms": -2166496930440.9617 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-07T22:15:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-07T19:17:50Z", "ms": -2166496930440.9617 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:43 on Tue 7 May to 05:08 on Wed 8 May.", "fact": "1901-05-07T00:45:52Z → 1901-05-08T02:11:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:27 on the 6th and 22:15 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22577 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 7 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Tuesday 7 May. Caturthī runs from 03:43 on Tue 7 May to 05:08 on Wed 8 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-05-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-05-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14038, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-05-14T01:06:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-13T22:08:47Z", "ms": -2165968273192.5076 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-14T22:20:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-14T19:22:53Z", "ms": -2165891826659.0178 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-14T01:06:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-13T22:08:47Z", "ms": -2165968273192.5076 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-14T22:20:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-14T19:22:53Z", "ms": -2165891826659.0178 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-14T05:00:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-14T02:02:44Z", "ms": -2165954235534.1367 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-14T05:00:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-14T02:02:44Z", "ms": -2165954235534.1367 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-15T04:59:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-15T02:01:54Z", "ms": -2165867885732.2302 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-15T04:59:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-15T02:01:54Z", "ms": -2165867885732.2302 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:06 on Tue 14 May to 22:20 on Tue 14 May.", "fact": "1901-05-13T22:08:47Z → 1901-05-14T19:22:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:00 on the 14th and 04:59 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14038 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Aparā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Tuesday 14 May. Ekādaśī runs from 01:06 on Tue 14 May to 22:20 on Tue 14 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-05-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-05-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 403, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-05-15T19:10:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-15T16:12:41Z", "ms": -2165816839138.0479 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-16T15:43:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-16T12:45:54Z", "ms": -2165742845820.8816 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-15T19:10:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-15T16:12:41Z", "ms": -2165816839138.0479 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-16T15:43:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-16T12:45:54Z", "ms": -2165742845820.8816 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-15T19:03:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-15T16:05:58Z", "ms": -2165817242462.0151 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-15T20:23:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-15T17:25:19Z", "ms": -2165812481395.4436 } }, "covered_min": 73, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-16T19:04:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-16T16:06:47Z", "ms": -2165730793342.7363 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-16T20:23:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-16T17:25:55Z", "ms": -2165726045124.6863 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:10 on Wed 15 May to 15:43 on Thu 16 May.", "fact": "1901-05-15T16:12:41Z → 1901-05-16T12:45:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:03–20:22 on the 15th, 19:04–20:23 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 73 of 79 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 79 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 403 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 15 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Wednesday 15 May. Trayodaśī runs from 19:10 on Wed 15 May to 15:43 on Thu 16 May and covers 73 of 79 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-05-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-05-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28418, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-05-16T15:43:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-16T12:45:54Z", "ms": -2165742845820.8816 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-17T12:09:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-17T09:11:09Z", "ms": -2165669331305.8577 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-16T15:43:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-16T12:45:54Z", "ms": -2165742845820.8816 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-17T12:09:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-17T09:11:09Z", "ms": -2165669331305.8577 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-16T23:37:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-16T20:39:32Z", "ms": -2165714427525.0483 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-17T00:25:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-16T21:27:32Z", "ms": -2165711547525.0483 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-17T23:37:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-17T20:39:34Z", "ms": -2165628026009.6401 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-18T00:25:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-17T21:27:34Z", "ms": -2165625146009.6401 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:43 on Thu 16 May to 12:08 on Fri 17 May.", "fact": "1901-05-16T12:45:54Z → 1901-05-17T09:11:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:37–00:25 on the 16th, 23:37–00:25 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28418 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 16 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1901 falls on Thursday 16 May. Caturdaśī runs from 15:43 on Thu 16 May to 12:08 on Fri 17 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-05-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34138, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1901-05-20T02:09:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-19T23:11:04Z", "ms": -2165446135681.5156 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-20T23:34:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-20T20:36:22Z", "ms": -2165369018428.985 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-20T02:09:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-19T23:11:04Z", "ms": -2165446135681.5156 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-20T23:34:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-20T20:36:22Z", "ms": -2165369018428.985 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-20T11:38:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-20T08:40:02Z", "ms": -2165411997526.971 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-20T12:26:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-20T09:28:02Z", "ms": -2165409117526.971 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-21T11:38:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-21T08:40:05Z", "ms": -2165325594587.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-21T12:26:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-21T09:28:05Z", "ms": -2165322714587.6143 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 02:08 on Mon 20 May to 23:33 on Mon 20 May.", "fact": "1901-05-19T23:11:04Z → 1901-05-20T20:36:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 20th, 11:37–12:25 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 34138 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1901: Monday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1901 falls on Monday 20 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 02:08 on Mon 20 May to 23:33 on Mon 20 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-05-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33004, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-05-20T23:34:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-20T20:36:22Z", "ms": -2165369018428.985 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-21T21:36:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-21T18:38:09Z", "ms": -2165289710799.2942 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-20T23:34:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-20T20:36:22Z", "ms": -2165369018428.985 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-21T21:36:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-21T18:38:09Z", "ms": -2165289710799.2942 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-20T11:38:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-20T08:40:02Z", "ms": -2165411997526.971 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-20T12:26:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-20T09:28:02Z", "ms": -2165409117526.971 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-21T11:38:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-21T08:40:05Z", "ms": -2165325594587.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-21T12:26:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-21T09:28:05Z", "ms": -2165322714587.6143 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:33 on Mon 20 May to 21:35 on Tue 21 May.", "fact": "1901-05-20T20:36:22Z → 1901-05-21T18:38:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 20th, 11:37–12:25 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33004 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1901 falls on Tuesday 21 May. Caturthī runs from 23:33 on Mon 20 May to 21:35 on Tue 21 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-05-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26751, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1901-05-22T20:20:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-22T17:22:44Z", "ms": -2165207835526.1904 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-23T19:52:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-23T16:54:04Z", "ms": -2165123156452.8987 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-22T20:20:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-22T17:22:44Z", "ms": -2165207835526.1904 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-23T19:52:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-23T16:54:04Z", "ms": -2165123156452.8987 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-22T11:38:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-22T08:40:09Z", "ms": -2165239191132.3608 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-22T12:26:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-22T09:28:09Z", "ms": -2165236311132.3608 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-23T11:38:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-23T08:40:13Z", "ms": -2165152787171.6382 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-23T12:26:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-23T09:28:13Z", "ms": -2165149907171.6382 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 20:20 on Wed 22 May to 19:51 on Thu 23 May.", "fact": "1901-05-22T17:22:44Z → 1901-05-23T16:54:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 22nd, 11:37–12:25 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26751 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1901 falls on Thursday 23 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 20:20 on Wed 22 May to 19:51 on Thu 23 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26751, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1901-05-22T20:20:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-22T17:22:44Z", "ms": -2165207835526.1904 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-23T19:52:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-23T16:54:04Z", "ms": -2165123156452.8987 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-22T20:20:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-22T17:22:44Z", "ms": -2165207835526.1904 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-23T19:52:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-23T16:54:04Z", "ms": -2165123156452.8987 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-22T11:38:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-22T08:40:09Z", "ms": -2165239191132.3608 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-22T12:26:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-22T09:28:09Z", "ms": -2165236311132.3608 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-23T11:38:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-23T08:40:13Z", "ms": -2165152787171.6382 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-23T12:26:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-23T09:28:13Z", "ms": -2165149907171.6382 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 20:20 on Wed 22 May to 19:51 on Thu 23 May.", "fact": "1901-05-22T17:22:44Z → 1901-05-23T16:54:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 22nd, 11:37–12:25 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26751 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Mosul, 1901: Thursday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1901 falls on Thursday 23 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 20:20 on Wed 22 May to 19:51 on Thu 23 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-05-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4501, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-05-28T01:07:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-27T22:09:30Z", "ms": -2164758629558.5796 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-29T03:35:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-29T00:37:52Z", "ms": -2164663328488.3374 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-28T01:07:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-27T22:09:30Z", "ms": -2164758629558.5796 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-29T03:35:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-29T00:37:52Z", "ms": -2164663328488.3374 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-28T04:51:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-28T01:53:21Z", "ms": -2164745198941.3142 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-28T04:51:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-28T01:53:21Z", "ms": -2164745198941.3142 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-29T04:50:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-29T01:52:53Z", "ms": -2164658827171.0854 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-29T04:50:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-29T01:52:53Z", "ms": -2164658827171.0854 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:07 on Tue 28 May to 03:35 on Wed 29 May.", "fact": "1901-05-27T22:09:30Z → 1901-05-29T00:37:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:50 on the 28th and 04:50 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4501 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Tuesday 28 May. Ekādaśī runs from 01:07 on Tue 28 May to 03:35 on Wed 29 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-05-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19734, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-05-29T03:35:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-29T00:37:52Z", "ms": -2164663328488.3374 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-30T06:10:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-30T03:12:00Z", "ms": -2164567680405.7227 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-29T03:35:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-29T00:37:52Z", "ms": -2164663328488.3374 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-30T06:10:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-30T03:12:00Z", "ms": -2164567680405.7227 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-29T11:38:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-29T08:40:47Z", "ms": -2164634353349.6606 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-29T12:26:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-29T09:28:47Z", "ms": -2164631473349.6606 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-30T11:38:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-30T08:40:54Z", "ms": -2164547946131.4624 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-30T12:26:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-30T09:28:54Z", "ms": -2164545066131.4624 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 03:35 on Wed 29 May to 06:09 on Thu 30 May.", "fact": "1901-05-29T00:37:52Z → 1901-05-30T03:12:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 29th, 11:38–12:26 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19734 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1901 falls on Wednesday 29 May. Dvādaśī runs from 03:35 on Wed 29 May to 06:09 on Thu 30 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-05-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-05-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34713, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-05-30T06:10:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-30T03:12:00Z", "ms": -2164567680405.7227 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-31T08:39:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-31T05:41:15Z", "ms": -2164472324828.5112 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-05-30T06:10:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-30T03:12:00Z", "ms": -2164567680405.7227 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-31T08:39:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-31T05:41:15Z", "ms": -2164472324828.5112 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-29T19:14:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-29T16:16:40Z", "ms": -2164606999528.236 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-29T20:31:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-29T17:33:27Z", "ms": -2164602393421.1094 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-05-30T19:15:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-30T16:17:21Z", "ms": -2164520558538.1396 }, "end": { "local": "1901-05-30T20:31:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-05-30T17:33:59Z", "ms": -2164515961211.8708 } }, "covered_min": 77, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:09 on Thu 30 May to 08:38 on Fri 31 May.", "fact": "1901-05-30T03:12:00Z → 1901-05-31T05:41:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:14–20:30 on the 29th, 19:14–20:31 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 77 minutes on the 29th and 77 of 77 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34713 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 30 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-05-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Thursday 30 May. Trayodaśī runs from 06:09 on Thu 30 May to 08:38 on Fri 31 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-05-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-06-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23197, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-06-01T10:54:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-01T07:56:57Z", "ms": -2164377782985.0518 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-02T12:50:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-02T09:52:43Z", "ms": -2164284437351.6226 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-06-01T10:54:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-01T07:56:57Z", "ms": -2164377782985.0518 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-02T12:50:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-02T09:52:43Z", "ms": -2164284437351.6226 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-01T19:16:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-01T16:18:41Z", "ms": -2164347679116.6606 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-01T20:33:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-01T17:35:02Z", "ms": -2164343098330.5608 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-02T19:17:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-02T16:19:19Z", "ms": -2164261240752.794 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-02T20:33:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-02T17:35:32Z", "ms": -2164256667714.589 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:54 on Sat 1 Jun to 12:50 on Sun 2 Jun.", "fact": "1901-06-01T07:56:57Z → 1901-06-02T09:52:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:16–20:32 on the 1st, 19:16–20:33 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 76 of 76 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 76 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 23197 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 1 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1901 falls on Saturday 1 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:54 on Sat 1 Jun to 12:50 on Sun 2 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-06-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20286, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-06-05T16:04:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-05T13:06:14Z", "ms": -2164013626399.0784 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-06T16:12:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-06T13:14:36Z", "ms": -2163926723548.7341 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-06-05T16:04:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-05T13:06:14Z", "ms": -2164013626399.0784 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-06T16:12:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-06T13:14:36Z", "ms": -2163926723548.7341 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-05T21:42:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-05T18:44:20Z", "ms": -2163993340314.466 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-05T21:42:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-05T18:44:20Z", "ms": -2163993340314.466 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-06-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-06T22:21:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-06T19:23:28Z", "ms": -2163904592434.077 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-06T22:21:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-06T19:23:28Z", "ms": -2163904592434.077 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:03 on Wed 5 Jun to 16:12 on Thu 6 Jun.", "fact": "1901-06-05T13:06:14Z → 1901-06-06T13:14:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:41 on the 5th and 22:20 on the 6th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20286 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Wednesday 5 June. Caturthī runs from 16:03 on Wed 5 Jun to 16:12 on Thu 6 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-06-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-06-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 631, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-06-12T07:24:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-12T04:26:26Z", "ms": -2163440013908.5532 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-13T04:36:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-13T01:38:44Z", "ms": -2163363676310.4607 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-06-12T07:24:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-12T04:26:26Z", "ms": -2163440013908.5532 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-13T04:36:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-13T01:38:44Z", "ms": -2163363676310.4607 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-12T04:47:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-12T01:49:17Z", "ms": -2163449442654.4746 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-12T04:47:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-12T01:49:17Z", "ms": -2163449442654.4746 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-13T04:47:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-13T01:49:15Z", "ms": -2163363045069.6504 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-13T04:47:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-13T01:49:15Z", "ms": -2163363045069.6504 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:23 on Wed 12 Jun to 04:36 on Thu 13 Jun.", "fact": "1901-06-12T04:26:26Z → 1901-06-13T01:38:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:46 on the 12th and 04:46 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is not on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 631 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 12 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Wednesday 12 June. Ekādaśī runs from 07:23 on Wed 12 Jun to 04:36 on Thu 13 Jun, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-06-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-06-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6714, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-06-14T01:36:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-13T22:38:41Z", "ms": -2163288079060.4019 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-14T22:30:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-14T19:32:40Z", "ms": -2163212840114.4746 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-06-14T01:36:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-13T22:38:41Z", "ms": -2163288079060.4019 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-14T22:30:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-14T19:32:40Z", "ms": -2163212840114.4746 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-13T19:23:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-13T16:25:12Z", "ms": -2163310488463.0881 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-13T20:38:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-13T17:40:24Z", "ms": -2163305976105.547 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-14T19:23:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-14T16:25:36Z", "ms": -2163224063671.8755 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-14T20:38:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-14T17:40:46Z", "ms": -2163219554489.9082 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:36 on Fri 14 Jun to 22:30 on Fri 14 Jun.", "fact": "1901-06-13T22:38:41Z → 1901-06-14T19:32:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:22–20:37 on the 13th, 19:23–20:38 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 75 minutes on the 13th and 75 of 75 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6714 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Friday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Friday 14 June. Trayodaśī runs from 01:36 on Fri 14 Jun to 22:30 on Fri 14 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-06-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-06-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4246, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-06-14T22:30:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-14T19:32:40Z", "ms": -2163212840114.4746 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-15T19:26:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-15T16:28:00Z", "ms": -2163137519747.7502 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-06-14T22:30:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-14T19:32:40Z", "ms": -2163212840114.4746 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-15T19:26:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-15T16:28:00Z", "ms": -2163137519747.7502 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-14T23:41:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-14T20:43:26Z", "ms": -2163208594239.4983 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-15T00:29:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-14T21:31:26Z", "ms": -2163205714239.4983 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-15T23:41:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-15T20:43:39Z", "ms": -2163122181203.0757 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-16T00:29:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-15T21:31:39Z", "ms": -2163119301203.0757 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:30 on Fri 14 Jun to 19:25 on Sat 15 Jun.", "fact": "1901-06-14T19:32:40Z → 1901-06-15T16:28:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:40–00:28 on the 14th, 23:41–00:29 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4246 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1901: Friday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1901 falls on Friday 14 June. Caturdaśī runs from 22:30 on Fri 14 Jun to 19:25 on Sat 15 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-06-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-06-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 38, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1901-06-17T13:53:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-17T10:55:33Z", "ms": -2162984667162.5515 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-18T11:42:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-18T08:44:53Z", "ms": -2162906107420.4028 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-06-17T13:53:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-17T10:55:33Z", "ms": -2162984667162.5515 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-18T11:42:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-18T08:44:53Z", "ms": -2162906107420.4028 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-17T11:42:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-17T08:44:02Z", "ms": -2162992557739.9941 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-17T12:30:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-17T09:32:02Z", "ms": -2162989677739.9941 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-18T11:42:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-18T08:44:15Z", "ms": -2162906145216.624 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-18T12:30:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-18T09:32:15Z", "ms": -2162903265216.624 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 13:53 on Mon 17 Jun to 11:42 on Tue 18 Jun.", "fact": "1901-06-17T10:55:33Z → 1901-06-18T08:44:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 17th, 11:41–12:29 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 1 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 38 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rathayātrā 1901 falls on Tuesday 18 June. Dvitīyā runs from 13:53 on Mon 17 Jun to 11:42 on Tue 18 Jun and covers 1 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 0 min 38 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-06-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-06-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5739, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-06-19T10:06:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-19T07:08:49Z", "ms": -2162825471406.591 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-20T09:12:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-20T06:14:03Z", "ms": -2162742356631.7112 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-06-19T10:06:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-19T07:08:49Z", "ms": -2162825471406.591 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-20T09:12:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-20T06:14:03Z", "ms": -2162742356631.7112 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-19T11:42:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-19T08:44:27Z", "ms": -2162819732643.0708 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-19T12:30:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-19T09:32:27Z", "ms": -2162816852643.0708 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-20T11:42:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-20T08:44:40Z", "ms": -2162733320046.352 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-20T12:30:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-20T09:32:40Z", "ms": -2162730440046.352 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:06 on Wed 19 Jun to 09:11 on Thu 20 Jun.", "fact": "1901-06-19T07:08:49Z → 1901-06-20T06:14:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 19th, 11:42–12:30 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5739 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 19 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1901 falls on Wednesday 19 June. Caturthī runs from 10:06 on Wed 19 Jun to 09:11 on Thu 20 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-06-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9037, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1901-06-20T09:12:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-20T06:14:03Z", "ms": -2162742356631.7112 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-21T09:03:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-21T06:05:01Z", "ms": -2162656498833.7688 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-06-20T09:12:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-20T06:14:03Z", "ms": -2162742356631.7112 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-21T09:03:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-21T06:05:01Z", "ms": -2162656498833.7688 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-20T11:42:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-20T08:44:40Z", "ms": -2162733320046.352 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-20T12:30:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-20T09:32:40Z", "ms": -2162730440046.352 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-21T11:42:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-21T08:44:53Z", "ms": -2162646907452.4292 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-21T12:30:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-21T09:32:53Z", "ms": -2162644027452.4292 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 09:11 on Thu 20 Jun to 09:02 on Fri 21 Jun.", "fact": "1901-06-20T06:14:03Z → 1901-06-21T06:05:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 20th, 11:42–12:30 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9037 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Skanda Pañcamī 1901 falls on Thursday 20 June. Pañcamī runs from 09:11 on Thu 20 Jun to 09:02 on Fri 21 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-06-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2471, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1901-06-22T09:40:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-22T06:42:45Z", "ms": -2162567834734.9849 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-23T11:02:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-23T08:04:06Z", "ms": -2162476553751.6165 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-06-22T09:40:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-22T06:42:45Z", "ms": -2162567834734.9849 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-23T11:02:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-23T08:04:06Z", "ms": -2162476553751.6165 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-22T11:43:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-22T08:45:05Z", "ms": -2162560494886.266 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-22T12:31:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-22T09:33:05Z", "ms": -2162557614886.266 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-23T11:43:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-23T08:45:18Z", "ms": -2162474082371.9521 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-23T12:31:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-23T09:33:18Z", "ms": -2162471202371.9521 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 09:40 on Sat 22 Jun to 11:01 on Sun 23 Jun.", "fact": "1901-06-22T06:42:45Z → 1901-06-23T08:04:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 22nd, 11:42–12:30 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2471 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 22 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vivasvat Saptamī 1901 falls on Saturday 22 June. Saptamī runs from 09:40 on Sat 22 Jun to 11:01 on Sun 23 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-06-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-06-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30538, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-06-26T17:52:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-26T14:54:56Z", "ms": -2162192704100.5632 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-27T20:20:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-27T17:22:53Z", "ms": -2162097426663.523 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-06-26T17:52:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-26T14:54:56Z", "ms": -2162192704100.5632 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-27T20:20:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-27T17:22:53Z", "ms": -2162097426663.523 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-27T04:49:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-27T01:51:30Z", "ms": -2162153309673.205 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-27T04:49:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-27T01:51:30Z", "ms": -2162153309673.205 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-28T04:49:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-28T01:51:51Z", "ms": -2162066888869.4224 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-28T04:49:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-28T01:51:51Z", "ms": -2162066888869.4224 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:52 on Wed 26 Jun to 20:20 on Thu 27 Jun.", "fact": "1901-06-26T14:54:56Z → 1901-06-27T17:22:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:49 on the 27th and 04:49 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30538 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 27 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Thursday 27 June. Ekādaśī runs from 17:52 on Wed 26 Jun to 20:20 on Thu 27 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-06-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-06-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-06-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6632, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-06-28T22:32:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-28T19:34:26Z", "ms": -2162003134099.528 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-30T00:18:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-29T21:20:23Z", "ms": -2161910376613.4883 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-06-28T22:32:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-28T19:34:26Z", "ms": -2162003134099.528 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-30T00:18:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-29T21:20:23Z", "ms": -2161910376613.4883 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-28T19:26:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-28T16:28:46Z", "ms": -2162014273873.796 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-28T20:41:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-28T17:43:54Z", "ms": -2162009766253.5435 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-06-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-29T19:26:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-29T16:28:47Z", "ms": -2161927872549.1086 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-29T20:41:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-29T17:43:58Z", "ms": -2161923361977.135 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:31 on Fri 28 Jun to 00:17 on Sun 30 Jun.", "fact": "1901-06-28T19:34:26Z → 1901-06-29T21:20:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:26–20:41 on the 28th, 19:26–20:41 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 75 minutes on the 28th and 75 of 75 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6632 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 29 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-06-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Saturday 29 June. Trayodaśī runs from 22:31 on Fri 28 Jun to 00:17 on Sun 30 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-06-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-07-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9350, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-07-01T01:33:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-30T22:35:24Z", "ms": -2161819475960.6672 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-02T02:15:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T23:17:38Z", "ms": -2161730542135.4473 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-07-01T01:33:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-30T22:35:24Z", "ms": -2161819475960.6672 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-02T02:15:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T23:17:38Z", "ms": -2161730542135.4473 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-01T04:51:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T01:53:01Z", "ms": -2161807618510.6199 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-01T07:46:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T04:48:10Z", "ms": -2161797109820.9805 } }, "covered_min": 175, "window_min": 175, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-02T04:51:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-02T01:53:27Z", "ms": -2161721192505.0747 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-02T07:46:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-02T04:48:30Z", "ms": -2161710689787.1736 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 175, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 01:32 on Mon 1 Jul to 02:15 on Tue 2 Jul.", "fact": "1901-06-30T22:35:24Z → 1901-07-01T23:17:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 04:50–07:45 on the 1st, 04:50–07:46 on the 2nd.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 175 of 175 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 175 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9350 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Mosul, 1901: Monday 1 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vyāsa Pūjā 1901 falls on Monday 1 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 01:32 on Mon 1 Jul to 02:15 on Tue 2 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-07-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34166, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-07-01T01:33:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-30T22:35:24Z", "ms": -2161819475960.6672 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-02T02:15:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T23:17:38Z", "ms": -2161730542135.4473 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-07-01T01:33:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-30T22:35:24Z", "ms": -2161819475960.6672 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-02T02:15:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T23:17:38Z", "ms": -2161730542135.4473 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-01T11:44:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T08:46:53Z", "ms": -2161782786786.5212 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-01T12:32:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T09:34:53Z", "ms": -2161779906786.5212 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-02T11:45:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-02T08:47:04Z", "ms": -2161696375710.3223 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-02T12:33:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-02T09:35:04Z", "ms": -2161693495710.3223 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 01:32 on Mon 1 Jul to 02:15 on Tue 2 Jul.", "fact": "1901-06-30T22:35:24Z → 1901-07-01T23:17:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 1st, 11:44–12:32 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34166 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1901: Monday 1 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Guru Pūrṇimā 1901 falls on Monday 1 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 01:32 on Mon 1 Jul to 02:15 on Tue 2 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-07-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21997, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-07-01T01:33:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-30T22:35:24Z", "ms": -2161819475960.6672 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-02T02:15:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T23:17:38Z", "ms": -2161730542135.4473 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-07-01T01:33:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-30T22:35:24Z", "ms": -2161819475960.6672 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-02T02:15:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T23:17:38Z", "ms": -2161730542135.4473 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-30T16:31:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-30T13:33:33Z", "ms": -2161851987005.8762 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-30T19:26:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-30T16:28:47Z", "ms": -2161841472942.5186 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 175, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-01T16:31:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T13:33:36Z", "ms": -2161765583752.062 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-01T19:26:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T16:28:45Z", "ms": -2161755075062.4226 } }, "covered_min": 175, "window_min": 175, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 01:32 on Mon 1 Jul to 02:15 on Tue 2 Jul.", "fact": "1901-06-30T22:35:24Z → 1901-07-01T23:17:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:31–19:26 on the 30th, 16:31–19:26 on the 1st.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 175 minutes on the 30th and 175 of 175 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21997 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Monday 1 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kokilā Vrata 1901 falls on Monday 1 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 01:32 on Mon 1 Jul to 02:15 on Tue 2 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-07-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17483, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-07-01T01:33:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-30T22:35:24Z", "ms": -2161819475960.6672 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-02T02:15:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T23:17:38Z", "ms": -2161730542135.4473 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-07-01T01:33:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-30T22:35:24Z", "ms": -2161819475960.6672 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-02T02:15:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T23:17:38Z", "ms": -2161730542135.4473 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-06-30T19:26:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-30T16:28:47Z", "ms": -2161841472942.5186 }, "end": { "local": "1901-06-30T20:42:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-06-30T17:44:01Z", "ms": -2161836959018.2654 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-01T19:26:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T16:28:45Z", "ms": -2161755075062.4226 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-01T20:42:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-01T17:44:03Z", "ms": -2161750557388.1096 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 01:32 on Mon 1 Jul to 02:15 on Tue 2 Jul.", "fact": "1901-06-30T22:35:24Z → 1901-07-01T23:17:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:26–20:41 on the 30th, 19:26–20:41 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 75 minutes on the 30th and 75 of 75 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17483 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Mosul, 1901: Monday 1 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śiva Śayanotsava 1901 falls on Monday 1 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 01:32 on Mon 1 Jul to 02:15 on Tue 2 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20710, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1901-07-03T02:26:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-02T23:28:00Z", "ms": -2161643519960.7454 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-04T02:07:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-03T23:09:14Z", "ms": -2161558246405.4832 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-07-03T02:26:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-02T23:28:00Z", "ms": -2161643519960.7454 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-04T02:07:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-03T23:09:14Z", "ms": -2161558246405.4832 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-02T19:41:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-02T16:43:04Z", "ms": -2161667816298.418 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-02T19:41:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-02T16:43:04Z", "ms": -2161667816298.418 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-03T20:22:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-03T17:24:03Z", "ms": -2161578956776.489 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-03T20:22:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-03T17:24:03Z", "ms": -2161578956776.489 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 02:25 on Wed 3 Jul to 02:06 on Thu 4 Jul.", "fact": "1901-07-02T23:28:00Z → 1901-07-03T23:09:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:40 on the 2nd and 20:21 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20710 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1901 falls on Wednesday 3 July. Dvitīyā runs from 02:25 on Wed 3 Jul to 02:06 on Thu 4 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-07-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-07-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9679, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-07-05T01:22:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-04T22:24:55Z", "ms": -2161474505010.8606 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-06T00:16:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-05T21:18:50Z", "ms": -2161392069899.7332 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-07-05T01:22:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-04T22:24:55Z", "ms": -2161474505010.8606 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-06T00:16:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-05T21:18:50Z", "ms": -2161392069899.7332 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-04T20:59:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-04T18:01:55Z", "ms": -2161490284905.4998 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-04T20:59:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-04T18:01:55Z", "ms": -2161490284905.4998 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-05T21:35:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-05T18:37:31Z", "ms": -2161401749172.8923 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-05T21:35:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-05T18:37:31Z", "ms": -2161401749172.8923 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:22 on Fri 5 Jul to 00:16 on Sat 6 Jul.", "fact": "1901-07-04T22:24:55Z → 1901-07-05T21:18:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:59 on the 4th and 21:35 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9679 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 5 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Friday 5 July. Caturthī runs from 01:22 on Fri 5 Jul to 00:16 on Sat 6 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-07-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-07-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18791, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-07-11T12:37:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-11T09:39:13Z", "ms": -2160915646526.696 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-12T10:10:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-12T07:12:01Z", "ms": -2160838079138.5632 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-07-11T12:37:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-11T09:39:13Z", "ms": -2160915646526.696 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-12T10:10:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-12T07:12:01Z", "ms": -2160838079138.5632 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-11T04:56:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-11T01:58:13Z", "ms": -2160943306922.57 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-11T04:56:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-11T01:58:13Z", "ms": -2160943306922.57 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-12T04:56:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-12T01:58:50Z", "ms": -2160856870075.8157 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-12T04:56:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-12T01:58:50Z", "ms": -2160856870075.8157 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 12:36 on Thu 11 Jul to 10:09 on Fri 12 Jul.", "fact": "1901-07-11T09:39:13Z → 1901-07-12T07:12:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:55 on the 11th and 04:56 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18791 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Friday 12 July. Ekādaśī runs from 12:36 on Thu 11 Jul to 10:09 on Fri 12 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-07-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-07-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31042, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-07-13T07:41:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-13T04:43:54Z", "ms": -2160760566479.1619 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-14T05:17:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-14T02:19:58Z", "ms": -2160682802181.2097 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-07-13T07:41:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-13T04:43:54Z", "ms": -2160760566479.1619 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-14T05:17:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-14T02:19:58Z", "ms": -2160682802181.2097 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-12T19:24:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-12T16:26:27Z", "ms": -2160804813303.9573 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-12T20:40:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-12T17:42:51Z", "ms": -2160800229176.0667 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-13T19:24:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-13T16:26:04Z", "ms": -2160718436308.76 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-13T20:40:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-13T17:42:36Z", "ms": -2160713843970.52 } }, "covered_min": 77, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:41 on Sat 13 Jul to 05:17 on Sun 14 Jul.", "fact": "1901-07-13T04:43:54Z → 1901-07-14T02:19:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:23–20:40 on the 12th, 19:23–20:40 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 76 minutes on the 12th and 77 of 77 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31042 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Saturday 13 July. Trayodaśī runs from 07:41 on Sat 13 Jul to 05:17 on Sun 14 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-07-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-07-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-07-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8955, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-07-14T05:17:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-14T02:19:58Z", "ms": -2160682802181.2097 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-15T03:04:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-15T00:06:28Z", "ms": -2160604412479.852 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-07-14T05:17:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-14T02:19:58Z", "ms": -2160682802181.2097 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-15T03:04:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-15T00:06:28Z", "ms": -2160604412479.852 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-13T23:47:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-13T20:49:05Z", "ms": -2160702655040.3604 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-14T00:35:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-13T21:37:05Z", "ms": -2160699775040.3604 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-14T23:47:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-14T20:49:12Z", "ms": -2160616247720.641 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-15T00:35:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-14T21:37:12Z", "ms": -2160613367720.641 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:17 on Sun 14 Jul to 03:03 on Mon 15 Jul.", "fact": "1901-07-14T02:19:58Z → 1901-07-15T00:06:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:46–00:34 on the 13th, 23:46–00:34 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8955 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 14 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1901 falls on Sunday 14 July. Caturdaśī runs from 05:17 on Sun 14 Jul to 03:03 on Mon 15 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-07-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-07-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35015, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-07-18T22:18:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-18T19:20:51Z", "ms": -2160275949153.4988 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-19T22:41:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-19T19:43:03Z", "ms": -2160188216667.8162 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-07-18T22:18:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-18T19:20:51Z", "ms": -2160275949153.4988 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-19T22:41:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-19T19:43:03Z", "ms": -2160188216667.8162 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-18T11:47:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-18T08:49:15Z", "ms": -2160313844529.4785 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-18T12:35:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-18T09:37:15Z", "ms": -2160310964529.4785 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-19T11:47:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-19T08:49:20Z", "ms": -2160227440096.9949 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-19T12:35:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-19T09:37:20Z", "ms": -2160224560096.9949 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:18 on Thu 18 Jul to 22:40 on Fri 19 Jul.", "fact": "1901-07-18T19:20:51Z → 1901-07-19T19:43:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 18th, 11:46–12:34 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35015 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1901 falls on Friday 19 July. Caturthī runs from 22:18 on Thu 18 Jul to 22:40 on Fri 19 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-07-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Śukla Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-07-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21014, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-07-26T10:56:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-26T07:58:54Z", "ms": -2159625665908.9456 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-27T12:44:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-27T09:46:12Z", "ms": -2159532828077.125 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-07-26T10:56:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-26T07:58:54Z", "ms": -2159625665908.9456 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-27T12:44:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-27T09:46:12Z", "ms": -2159532828077.125 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-26T05:06:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-26T02:08:40Z", "ms": -2159646680148.538 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-26T05:06:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-26T02:08:40Z", "ms": -2159646680148.538 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-27T05:07:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-27T02:09:26Z", "ms": -2159560234229.52 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-27T05:07:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-27T02:09:26Z", "ms": -2159560234229.52 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:56 on Fri 26 Jul to 12:43 on Sat 27 Jul.", "fact": "1901-07-26T07:58:54Z → 1901-07-27T09:46:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:06 on the 26th and 05:06 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 26th and is on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21014 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 27 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Saturday 27 July. Ekādaśī runs from 10:56 on Fri 26 Jul to 12:43 on Sat 27 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-07-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-07-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-07-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17299, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-07-28T13:55:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-28T10:57:06Z", "ms": -2159442173636.8738 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-29T14:25:48+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-29T11:27:48Z", "ms": -2159353931994.5085 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-07-28T13:55:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-28T10:57:06Z", "ms": -2159442173636.8738 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-29T14:25:48+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-29T11:27:48Z", "ms": -2159353931994.5085 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-28T19:14:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-28T16:16:56Z", "ms": -2159422983624.868 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-28T20:34:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-28T17:36:09Z", "ms": -2159418231331.3784 } }, "covered_min": 79, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-07-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-07-29T19:14:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-29T16:16:07Z", "ms": -2159336632925.4246 }, "end": { "local": "1901-07-29T20:33:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-07-29T17:35:32Z", "ms": -2159331867813.767 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:54 on Sun 28 Jul to 14:25 on Mon 29 Jul.", "fact": "1901-07-28T10:57:06Z → 1901-07-29T11:27:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:14–20:33 on the 28th, 19:13–20:33 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 79 of 79 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 79 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17299 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 28 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-07-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Sunday 28 July. Trayodaśī runs from 13:54 on Sun 28 Jul to 14:25 on Mon 29 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-07-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-08-03", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35405, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-08-03T08:42:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-03T05:44:28Z", "ms": -2158942531630.6245 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-04T06:36:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-04T03:38:51Z", "ms": -2158863669088.5366 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-03T08:42:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-03T05:44:28Z", "ms": -2158942531630.6245 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-04T06:36:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-04T03:38:51Z", "ms": -2158863669088.5366 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-02T20:11:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-02T17:13:36Z", "ms": -2158987583699.29 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-02T20:11:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-02T17:13:36Z", "ms": -2158987583699.29 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-03T20:46:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-03T17:48:45Z", "ms": -2158899074539.2742 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-03T20:46:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-03T17:48:45Z", "ms": -2158899074539.2742 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:41 on Sat 3 Aug to 06:36 on Sun 4 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-03T05:44:28Z → 1901-08-04T03:38:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:11 on the 2nd and 20:46 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35405 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Saturday 3 August. Caturthī runs from 08:41 on Sat 3 Aug to 06:36 on Sun 4 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-08-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-08-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39090, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-08-09T17:58:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-09T15:00:33Z", "ms": -2158390767116.1814 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-10T16:10:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-10T13:12:04Z", "ms": -2158310876146.0012 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-09T17:58:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-09T15:00:33Z", "ms": -2158390767116.1814 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-10T16:10:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-10T13:12:04Z", "ms": -2158310876146.0012 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-09T05:17:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-09T02:19:45Z", "ms": -2158436415216.2522 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-09T05:17:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-09T02:19:45Z", "ms": -2158436415216.2522 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-10T05:18:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-10T02:20:33Z", "ms": -2158349966575.4556 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-10T05:18:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-10T02:20:33Z", "ms": -2158349966575.4556 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:58 on Fri 9 Aug to 16:09 on Sat 10 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-09T15:00:33Z → 1901-08-10T13:12:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:17 on the 9th and 05:18 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 39090 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Saturday 10 August. Ekādaśī runs from 17:58 on Fri 9 Aug to 16:09 on Sat 10 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-08-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-08-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16152, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-08-11T14:32:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-11T11:34:09Z", "ms": -2158230350576.823 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-12T13:08:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-12T10:10:43Z", "ms": -2158148957171.7488 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-11T14:32:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-11T11:34:09Z", "ms": -2158230350576.823 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-12T13:08:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-12T10:10:43Z", "ms": -2158148957171.7488 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-11T19:01:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-11T16:03:21Z", "ms": -2158214198896.4995 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-11T20:23:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-11T17:25:52Z", "ms": -2158209248264.152 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-12T19:00:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-12T16:02:14Z", "ms": -2158127866479.589 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-12T20:23:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-12T17:25:00Z", "ms": -2158122900337.135 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:31 on Sun 11 Aug to 13:08 on Mon 12 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-11T11:34:09Z → 1901-08-12T10:10:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:00–20:23 on the 11th, 18:59–20:22 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 83 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16152 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Sunday 11 August. Trayodaśī runs from 14:31 on Sun 11 Aug to 13:08 on Mon 12 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-08-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-08-12", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38274, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-08-12T13:08:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-12T10:10:43Z", "ms": -2158148957171.7488 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-13T12:04:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-13T09:06:37Z", "ms": -2158066402995.9663 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-12T13:08:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-12T10:10:43Z", "ms": -2158148957171.7488 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-13T12:04:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-13T09:06:37Z", "ms": -2158066402995.9663 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-12T23:46:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-12T20:48:37Z", "ms": -2158110683445.3867 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-13T00:34:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-12T21:36:37Z", "ms": -2158107803445.3867 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-13T23:46:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-13T20:48:27Z", "ms": -2158024293420.086 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-14T00:34:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-13T21:36:27Z", "ms": -2158021413420.086 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:08 on Mon 12 Aug to 12:04 on Tue 13 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-12T10:10:43Z → 1901-08-13T09:06:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:46–00:34 on the 12th, 23:45–00:33 on the 13th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38274 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1901: Monday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1901 falls on Monday 12 August. Caturdaśī runs from 13:08 on Mon 12 Aug to 12:04 on Tue 13 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-08-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-17", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 210, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1901-08-16T11:41:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-16T08:43:59Z", "ms": -2157808561370.197 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-17T12:44:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-17T09:46:32Z", "ms": -2157718408421.958 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-16T11:41:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-16T08:43:59Z", "ms": -2157808561370.197 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-17T12:44:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-17T09:46:32Z", "ms": -2157718408421.958 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-16T11:45:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-16T08:47:29Z", "ms": -2157808350945.2607 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-16T12:33:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-16T09:35:29Z", "ms": -2157805470945.2607 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-17T11:45:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-17T08:47:17Z", "ms": -2157721963058.1296 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-17T12:33:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-17T09:35:17Z", "ms": -2157719083058.1296 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 11:41 on Fri 16 Aug to 12:44 on Sat 17 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-16T08:43:59Z → 1901-08-17T09:46:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 16th, 11:44–12:32 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 210 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-17", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1901 falls on Saturday 17 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 11:41 on Fri 16 Aug to 12:44 on Sat 17 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken. It is 3 min 30 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-08-18", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 675, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-08-17T12:44:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-17T09:46:32Z", "ms": -2157718408421.958 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-18T14:22:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-18T11:24:51Z", "ms": -2157626108581.3057 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-17T12:44:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-17T09:46:32Z", "ms": -2157718408421.958 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-18T14:22:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-18T11:24:51Z", "ms": -2157626108581.3057 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-17T11:45:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-17T08:47:17Z", "ms": -2157721963058.1296 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-17T12:33:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-17T09:35:17Z", "ms": -2157719083058.1296 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-18T11:45:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-18T08:47:04Z", "ms": -2157635575690.3618 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-18T12:33:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-18T09:35:04Z", "ms": -2157632695690.3618 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:44 on Sat 17 Aug to 14:22 on Sun 18 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-17T09:46:32Z → 1901-08-18T11:24:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 17th, 11:44–12:32 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 675 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1901 falls on Sunday 18 August. Caturthī runs from 12:44 on Sat 17 Aug to 14:22 on Sun 18 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-08-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6587, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1901-08-18T14:22:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-18T11:24:51Z", "ms": -2157626108581.3057 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-19T16:31:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-19T13:33:29Z", "ms": -2157531990681.4219 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-18T14:22:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-18T11:24:51Z", "ms": -2157626108581.3057 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-19T16:31:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-19T13:33:29Z", "ms": -2157531990681.4219 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-18T11:45:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-18T08:47:04Z", "ms": -2157635575690.3618 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-18T12:33:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-18T09:35:04Z", "ms": -2157632695690.3618 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-19T11:44:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-19T08:46:51Z", "ms": -2157549188833.6138 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-19T12:32:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-19T09:34:51Z", "ms": -2157546308833.6138 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 14:22 on Sun 18 Aug to 16:30 on Mon 19 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-18T11:24:51Z → 1901-08-19T13:33:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 18th, 11:44–12:32 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6587 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Mosul, 1901: Monday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nāga Pañcamī 1901 falls on Monday 19 August. Pañcamī runs from 14:22 on Sun 18 Aug to 16:30 on Mon 19 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-08-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5469, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-08-25T03:22:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-25T00:24:34Z", "ms": -2157060926337.9536 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-26T04:00:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-26T01:02:19Z", "ms": -2156972260678.7786 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-25T03:22:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-25T00:24:34Z", "ms": -2157060926337.9536 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-26T04:00:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-26T01:02:19Z", "ms": -2156972260678.7786 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-25T05:30:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-25T02:32:41Z", "ms": -2157053239326.7803 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-25T05:30:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-25T02:32:41Z", "ms": -2157053239326.7803 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-26T05:31:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-26T02:33:29Z", "ms": -2156966791467.0137 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-26T05:31:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-26T02:33:29Z", "ms": -2156966791467.0137 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:22 on Sun 25 Aug to 03:59 on Mon 26 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-25T00:24:34Z → 1901-08-26T01:02:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:30 on the 25th and 05:30 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5469 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Putradā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Sunday 25 August. Ekādaśī runs from 03:22 on Sun 25 Aug to 03:59 on Mon 26 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-08-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27766, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-08-26T04:00:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-26T01:02:19Z", "ms": -2156972260678.7786 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-27T03:51:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-27T00:53:04Z", "ms": -2156886415942.7844 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-26T04:00:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-26T01:02:19Z", "ms": -2156972260678.7786 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-27T03:51:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-27T00:53:04Z", "ms": -2156886415942.7844 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-26T11:43:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-26T08:45:06Z", "ms": -2156944494236.9116 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-26T12:31:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-26T09:33:06Z", "ms": -2156941614236.9116 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-27T11:42:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-27T08:44:49Z", "ms": -2156858111050.8145 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-27T12:30:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-27T09:32:49Z", "ms": -2156855231050.8145 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 03:59 on Mon 26 Aug to 03:50 on Tue 27 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-26T01:02:19Z → 1901-08-27T00:53:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 26th, 11:42–12:30 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27766 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Monday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1901 falls on Monday 26 August. Dvādaśī runs from 03:59 on Mon 26 Aug to 03:50 on Tue 27 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-08-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24525, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-08-27T03:51:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-27T00:53:04Z", "ms": -2156886415942.7844 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-28T02:57:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-27T23:59:01Z", "ms": -2156803259347.979 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-27T03:51:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-27T00:53:04Z", "ms": -2156886415942.7844 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-28T02:57:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-27T23:59:01Z", "ms": -2156803259347.979 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-26T18:42:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-26T15:44:43Z", "ms": -2156919317006.8093 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-26T20:09:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-26T17:11:19Z", "ms": -2156914120566.6094 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-27T18:41:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-27T15:43:22Z", "ms": -2156832998396.3198 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-27T20:08:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-27T17:10:15Z", "ms": -2156827784748.5486 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:50 on Tue 27 Aug to 02:56 on Wed 28 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-27T00:53:04Z → 1901-08-27T23:59:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:42–20:08 on the 26th, 18:40–20:07 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 26th and 87 of 87 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24525 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 27 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Tuesday 27 August. Trayodaśī runs from 03:50 on Tue 27 Aug to 02:56 on Wed 28 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-08-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22547, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-08-29T01:23:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-28T22:25:43Z", "ms": -2156722457019.4219 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-29T23:18:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-29T20:20:52Z", "ms": -2156643548279.9746 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1901-08-29T12:24:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-29T09:26:42Z", "ms": -2156682797812.7537 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-29T23:18:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-29T20:20:52Z", "ms": -2156643548279.9746 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-29T05:33:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-29T02:35:52Z", "ms": -2156707448459.6838 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-30T05:34:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-30T02:36:39Z", "ms": -2156621000962.9324 } }, "covered_min": 654, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-30T05:34:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-30T02:36:39Z", "ms": -2156621000962.9324 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-31T05:35:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-31T02:37:26Z", "ms": -2156534553538.9065 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 01:23 on Thu 29 Aug to 23:18 on Thu 29 Aug. Its second half begins at 12:24 on Thu 29 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-28T22:25:43Z → 1901-08-29T20:20:52Z · second half from 1901-08-29T09:26:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:33 on the 29th, and from 05:34 on the 30th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 654 of 1441 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 1441 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22547 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1901 falls on Thursday 29 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 12:24 on Thu 29 Aug to 23:18 on Thu 29 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37111, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-08-29T01:23:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-28T22:25:43Z", "ms": -2156722457019.4219 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-29T23:18:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-29T20:20:52Z", "ms": -2156643548279.9746 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-29T01:23:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-28T22:25:43Z", "ms": -2156722457019.4219 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-29T23:18:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-29T20:20:52Z", "ms": -2156643548279.9746 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-29T11:42:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-29T08:44:14Z", "ms": -2156685345836.4678 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-29T12:30:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-29T09:32:14Z", "ms": -2156682465836.4678 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-30T11:41:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-30T08:43:56Z", "ms": -2156598963770.3594 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-30T12:29:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-30T09:31:56Z", "ms": -2156596083770.3594 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 01:23 on Thu 29 Aug to 23:18 on Thu 29 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-28T22:25:43Z → 1901-08-29T20:20:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 29th, 11:41–12:29 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37111 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1901 falls on Thursday 29 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 01:23 on Thu 29 Aug to 23:18 on Thu 29 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-08-30", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 4344, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1901-08-30T20:51:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-30T17:53:09Z", "ms": -2156566011224.2173 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-31T18:09:25+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-31T15:11:25Z", "ms": -2156489314731.8945 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-30T20:51:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-30T17:53:09Z", "ms": -2156566011224.2173 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-31T18:09:25+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-31T15:11:25Z", "ms": -2156489314731.8945 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-30T18:45:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-30T15:47:07Z", "ms": -2156573572839.998 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-30T18:45:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-30T15:47:07Z", "ms": -2156573572839.998 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-31T19:21:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-31T16:23:49Z", "ms": -2156484970961.566 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-31T19:21:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-31T16:23:49Z", "ms": -2156484970961.566 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 20:50 on Fri 30 Aug to 18:08 on Sat 31 Aug.", "fact": "1901-08-30T17:53:09Z → 1901-08-31T15:11:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 18:44 on the 30th and 19:21 on the 31st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 4344 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Friday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-30", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-08-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1901 falls on Friday 30 August. Dvitīyā runs from 20:50 on Fri 30 Aug to 18:08 on Sat 31 Aug, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10363, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1901-08-31T18:09:25+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-31T15:11:25Z", "ms": -2156489314731.8945 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-01T15:22:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-01T12:24:02Z", "ms": -2156412957548.3464 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-08-31T18:09:25+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-31T15:11:25Z", "ms": -2156489314731.8945 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-01T15:22:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-01T12:24:02Z", "ms": -2156412957548.3464 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-08-31T11:41:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-31T08:43:38Z", "ms": -2156512582038.1155 }, "end": { "local": "1901-08-31T12:29:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-08-31T09:31:38Z", "ms": -2156509702038.1155 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-01T11:41:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-01T08:43:19Z", "ms": -2156426200618.807 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-01T12:29:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-01T09:31:19Z", "ms": -2156423320618.807 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:08 on Sat 31 Aug to 15:21 on Sun 1 Sep.", "fact": "1901-08-31T15:11:25Z → 1901-09-01T12:24:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 31st, 11:40–12:28 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10363 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1901 falls on Sunday 1 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:08 on Sat 31 Aug to 15:21 on Sun 1 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2204, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-01T15:22:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-01T12:24:02Z", "ms": -2156412957548.3464 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-02T12:36:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-02T09:38:23Z", "ms": -2156336496633.759 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-01T15:22:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-01T12:24:02Z", "ms": -2156412957548.3464 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-02T12:36:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-02T09:38:23Z", "ms": -2156336496633.759 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-01T15:58:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-01T13:00:47Z", "ms": -2156410753283.4731 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-01T18:34:25+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-01T15:36:25Z", "ms": -2156401415059.9175 } }, "covered_min": 156, "window_min": 156, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-02T15:57:48+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-02T12:59:48Z", "ms": -2156324411864.741 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-02T18:33:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-02T15:35:00Z", "ms": -2156315100113.668 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 155, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:21 on Sun 1 Sep to 12:35 on Mon 2 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-01T12:24:02Z → 1901-09-02T09:38:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:58–18:33 on the 1st, 15:57–18:32 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 156 of 156 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 155 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2204 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bahulā Caturthī 1901 falls on Sunday 1 September. Caturthī runs from 15:21 on Sun 1 Sep to 12:35 on Mon 2 Sep and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-09-01", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16680, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-01T15:22:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-01T12:24:02Z", "ms": -2156412957548.3464 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-02T12:36:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-02T09:38:23Z", "ms": -2156336496633.759 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-01T15:22:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-01T12:24:02Z", "ms": -2156412957548.3464 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-02T12:36:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-02T09:38:23Z", "ms": -2156336496633.759 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-01T20:00:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-01T17:02:03Z", "ms": -2156396277253.3777 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-01T20:00:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-01T17:02:03Z", "ms": -2156396277253.3777 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-02T20:41:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-02T17:43:02Z", "ms": -2156307418355.2346 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-02T20:41:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-02T17:43:02Z", "ms": -2156307418355.2346 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:21 on Sun 1 Sep to 12:35 on Mon 2 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-01T12:24:02Z → 1901-09-02T09:38:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:59 on the 1st and 20:40 on the 2nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 1st and is not on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16680 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Sunday 1 September. Caturthī runs from 15:21 on Sun 1 Sep to 12:35 on Mon 2 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6128, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-03T09:58:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-03T07:00:34Z", "ms": -2156259566228.2588 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-04T07:33:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-04T04:35:12Z", "ms": -2156181887541.196 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-03T09:58:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-03T07:00:34Z", "ms": -2156259566228.2588 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-04T07:33:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-04T04:35:12Z", "ms": -2156181887541.196 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-03T11:40:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-03T08:42:41Z", "ms": -2156253438634.9546 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-03T12:28:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-03T09:30:41Z", "ms": -2156250558634.9546 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-04T11:40:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-04T08:42:22Z", "ms": -2156167058029.492 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-04T12:28:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-04T09:30:22Z", "ms": -2156164178029.492 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 09:58 on Tue 3 Sep to 07:32 on Wed 4 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-03T07:00:34Z → 1901-09-04T04:35:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 3rd, 11:39–12:27 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6128 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 3 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1901 falls on Tuesday 3 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 09:58 on Tue 3 Sep to 07:32 on Wed 4 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14830, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-04T07:33:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-04T04:35:12Z", "ms": -2156181887541.196 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-05T05:23:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-05T02:25:32Z", "ms": -2156103267903.2766 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-04T07:33:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-04T04:35:12Z", "ms": -2156181887541.196 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-05T05:23:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-05T02:25:32Z", "ms": -2156103267903.2766 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-04T11:40:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-04T08:42:22Z", "ms": -2156167058029.492 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-04T12:28:22+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-04T09:30:22Z", "ms": -2156164178029.492 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-05T11:40:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-05T08:42:02Z", "ms": -2156080677655.7354 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-05T12:28:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-05T09:30:02Z", "ms": -2156077797655.7354 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 07:32 on Wed 4 Sep to 05:23 on Thu 5 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-04T04:35:12Z → 1901-09-05T02:25:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 4th, 11:39–12:27 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14830 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 4 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śītalā Saptamī 1901 falls on Wednesday 4 September. Saptamī runs from 07:32 on Wed 4 Sep to 05:23 on Thu 5 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10986, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-05T05:23:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-05T02:25:32Z", "ms": -2156103267903.2766 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-06T03:31:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-06T00:33:31Z", "ms": -2156023588509.217 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-05T05:23:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-05T02:25:32Z", "ms": -2156103267903.2766 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-06T03:31:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-06T00:33:31Z", "ms": -2156023588509.217 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-04T23:40:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-04T20:42:46Z", "ms": -2156123834426.0227 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-05T00:28:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-04T21:30:46Z", "ms": -2156120954426.0227 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-05T23:40:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-05T20:42:26Z", "ms": -2156037454061.6462 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-06T00:28:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-05T21:30:26Z", "ms": -2156034574061.6462 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 05:23 on Thu 5 Sep to 03:31 on Fri 6 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-05T02:25:32Z → 1901-09-06T00:33:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:40–00:28 on the 4th, 23:39–00:27 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10986 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Janmāṣṭamī 1901 falls on Thursday 5 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 05:23 on Thu 5 Sep to 03:31 on Fri 6 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-09-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17827, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-08T00:44:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-07T21:46:38Z", "ms": -2155860802450.5864 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-08T23:51:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-08T20:53:21Z", "ms": -2155777598515.4749 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-08T00:44:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-07T21:46:38Z", "ms": -2155860802450.5864 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-08T23:51:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-08T20:53:21Z", "ms": -2155777598515.4749 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-08T05:41:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-08T02:43:44Z", "ms": -2155842975632.4028 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-08T05:41:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-08T02:43:44Z", "ms": -2155842975632.4028 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-09T05:42:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-09T02:44:32Z", "ms": -2155756528467.6177 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-09T05:42:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-09T02:44:32Z", "ms": -2155756528467.6177 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:44 on Sun 8 Sep to 23:50 on Sun 8 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-07T21:46:38Z → 1901-09-08T20:53:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:41 on the 8th and 05:42 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17827 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ajā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Sunday 8 September. Ekādaśī runs from 00:44 on Sun 8 Sep to 23:50 on Sun 8 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-09-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-09-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11972, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-09T23:19:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-09T20:21:50Z", "ms": -2155693090122.6338 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-10T23:11:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-10T20:13:58Z", "ms": -2155607162021.0261 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-09T23:19:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-09T20:21:50Z", "ms": -2155693090122.6338 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-10T23:11:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-10T20:13:58Z", "ms": -2155607162021.0261 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-09T18:22:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-09T15:24:52Z", "ms": -2155710907783.022 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-09T19:53:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-09T16:55:36Z", "ms": -2155705464252.0872 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-10T18:21:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-10T15:23:24Z", "ms": -2155624596002.914 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-10T19:52:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-10T16:54:26Z", "ms": -2155619134419.5706 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:19 on Mon 9 Sep to 23:11 on Tue 10 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-09T20:21:50Z → 1901-09-10T20:13:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:22–19:53 on the 9th, 18:20–19:51 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 91 minutes on the 9th and 91 of 91 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11972 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Tuesday 10 September. Trayodaśī runs from 23:19 on Mon 9 Sep to 23:11 on Tue 10 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-09-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-09-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 498, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-10T23:11:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-10T20:13:58Z", "ms": -2155607162021.0261 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-11T23:30:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-11T20:32:06Z", "ms": -2155519673775.21 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-10T23:11:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-10T20:13:58Z", "ms": -2155607162021.0261 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-11T23:30:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-11T20:32:06Z", "ms": -2155519673775.21 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-10T23:38:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-10T20:40:45Z", "ms": -2155605555065.3762 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-11T00:26:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-10T21:28:45Z", "ms": -2155602675065.3762 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-11T23:38:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-11T20:40:24Z", "ms": -2155519175718.6248 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-12T00:26:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-11T21:28:24Z", "ms": -2155516295718.6248 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:11 on Tue 10 Sep to 23:29 on Wed 11 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-10T20:13:58Z → 1901-09-11T20:32:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:38–00:26 on the 10th, 23:37–00:25 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 498 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1901 falls on Tuesday 10 September. Caturdaśī runs from 23:11 on Tue 10 Sep to 23:29 on Wed 11 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-09-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11972, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-10T23:11:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-10T20:13:58Z", "ms": -2155607162021.0261 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-11T23:30:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-11T20:32:06Z", "ms": -2155519673775.21 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-10T23:11:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-10T20:13:58Z", "ms": -2155607162021.0261 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-11T23:30:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-11T20:32:06Z", "ms": -2155519673775.21 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-10T18:21:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-10T15:23:24Z", "ms": -2155624596002.914 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-10T19:52:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-10T16:54:26Z", "ms": -2155619134419.5706 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-11T18:19:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-11T15:21:56Z", "ms": -2155538284494.1448 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-11T19:51:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-11T16:53:15Z", "ms": -2155532804820.6729 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:11 on Tue 10 Sep to 23:29 on Wed 11 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-10T20:13:58Z → 1901-09-11T20:32:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:20–19:51 on the 10th, 18:19–19:50 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 91 minutes on the 10th and 91 of 91 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11972 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 11 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Aghora Caturdaśī 1901 falls on Wednesday 11 September. Caturdaśī runs from 23:11 on Tue 10 Sep to 23:29 on Wed 11 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36258, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1901-09-13T00:16:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-12T21:18:31Z", "ms": -2155430488681.1592 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-14T01:32:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-13T22:34:40Z", "ms": -2155339519785.3499 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-13T00:16:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-12T21:18:31Z", "ms": -2155430488681.1592 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-14T01:32:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-13T22:34:40Z", "ms": -2155339519785.3499 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-13T11:37:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-13T08:39:19Z", "ms": -2155389640964.2397 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-13T12:25:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-13T09:27:19Z", "ms": -2155386760964.2397 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-14T11:36:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-14T08:38:58Z", "ms": -2155303261926.8809 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-14T12:24:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-14T09:26:58Z", "ms": -2155300381926.8809 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 00:16 on Fri 13 Sep to 01:32 on Sat 14 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-12T21:18:31Z → 1901-09-13T22:34:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 13th, 11:36–12:24 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36258 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Friday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rudra Vrata 1901 falls on Friday 13 September. Pratipadā runs from 00:16 on Fri 13 Sep to 01:32 on Sat 14 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21979, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1901-09-15T03:18:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-15T00:20:12Z", "ms": -2155246788063.39 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-16T05:29:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-16T02:31:57Z", "ms": -2155152482758.739 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-15T03:18:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-15T00:20:12Z", "ms": -2155246788063.39 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-16T05:29:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-16T02:31:57Z", "ms": -2155152482758.739 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-15T11:36:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-15T08:38:37Z", "ms": -2155216882958.6191 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-15T12:24:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-15T09:26:37Z", "ms": -2155214002958.6191 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-16T11:36:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-16T08:38:16Z", "ms": -2155130504042.4692 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-16T12:24:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-16T09:26:16Z", "ms": -2155127624042.4692 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 03:17 on Sun 15 Sep to 05:29 on Mon 16 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-15T00:20:12Z → 1901-09-16T02:31:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 15th, 11:35–12:23 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21979 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1901 falls on Sunday 15 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 03:17 on Sun 15 Sep to 05:29 on Mon 16 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12882, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-16T05:29:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-16T02:31:57Z", "ms": -2155152482758.739 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-17T08:01:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-17T05:03:13Z", "ms": -2155057007207.3843 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-16T05:29:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-16T02:31:57Z", "ms": -2155152482758.739 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-17T08:01:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-17T05:03:13Z", "ms": -2155057007207.3843 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-16T11:36:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-16T08:38:16Z", "ms": -2155130504042.4692 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-16T12:24:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-16T09:26:16Z", "ms": -2155127624042.4692 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-17T11:35:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-17T08:37:55Z", "ms": -2155044125161.9775 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-17T12:23:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-17T09:25:55Z", "ms": -2155041245161.9775 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:29 on Mon 16 Sep to 08:00 on Tue 17 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-16T02:31:57Z → 1901-09-17T05:03:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 16th, 11:35–12:23 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12882 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Monday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1901 falls on Monday 16 September. Caturthī runs from 05:29 on Mon 16 Sep to 08:00 on Tue 17 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3242, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-17T08:01:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-17T05:03:13Z", "ms": -2155057007207.3843 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-18T10:41:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-18T07:43:32Z", "ms": -2154960988396.9316 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-17T08:01:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-17T05:03:13Z", "ms": -2155057007207.3843 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-18T10:41:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-18T07:43:32Z", "ms": -2154960988396.9316 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-17T11:35:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-17T08:37:55Z", "ms": -2155044125161.9775 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-17T12:23:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-17T09:25:55Z", "ms": -2155041245161.9775 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-18T11:35:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-18T08:37:34Z", "ms": -2154957746298.7073 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-18T12:23:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-18T09:25:34Z", "ms": -2154954866298.7073 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 08:00 on Tue 17 Sep to 10:41 on Wed 18 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-17T05:03:13Z → 1901-09-18T07:43:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 17th, 11:35–12:23 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 3242 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1901 falls on Tuesday 17 September. Pañcamī runs from 08:00 on Tue 17 Sep to 10:41 on Wed 18 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3242, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-18T10:41:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-18T07:43:32Z", "ms": -2154960988396.9316 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-19T13:17:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-19T10:19:28Z", "ms": -2154865231547.0217 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-18T10:41:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-18T07:43:32Z", "ms": -2154960988396.9316 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-19T13:17:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-19T10:19:28Z", "ms": -2154865231547.0217 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-18T11:35:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-18T08:37:34Z", "ms": -2154957746298.7073 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-18T12:23:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-18T09:25:34Z", "ms": -2154954866298.7073 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-19T11:35:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-19T08:37:13Z", "ms": -2154871367434.7466 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-19T12:23:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-19T09:25:13Z", "ms": -2154868487434.7466 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:41 on Wed 18 Sep to 13:16 on Thu 19 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-18T07:43:32Z → 1901-09-19T10:19:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 18th, 11:34–12:22 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 3242 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Mosul, 1901: Thursday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1901 falls on Thursday 19 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 10:41 on Wed 18 Sep to 13:16 on Thu 19 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3256, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-19T13:17:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-19T10:19:28Z", "ms": -2154865231547.0217 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-20T15:34:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-20T12:36:23Z", "ms": -2154770617458.576 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-19T13:17:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-19T10:19:28Z", "ms": -2154865231547.0217 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-20T15:34:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-20T12:36:23Z", "ms": -2154770617458.576 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-19T11:35:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-19T08:37:13Z", "ms": -2154871367434.7466 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-19T12:23:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-19T09:25:13Z", "ms": -2154868487434.7466 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-20T11:34:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-20T08:36:51Z", "ms": -2154784988551.454 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-20T12:22:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-20T09:24:51Z", "ms": -2154782108551.454 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 13:16 on Thu 19 Sep to 15:33 on Fri 20 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-19T10:19:28Z → 1901-09-20T12:36:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 19th, 11:34–12:22 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3256 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Friday 20 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-20", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1901 falls on Friday 20 September. Saptamī runs from 13:16 on Thu 19 Sep to 15:33 on Fri 20 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11491, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-20T15:34:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-20T12:36:23Z", "ms": -2154770617458.576 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-21T17:18:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-21T14:20:34Z", "ms": -2154677966049.9094 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-20T15:34:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-20T12:36:23Z", "ms": -2154770617458.576 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-21T17:18:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-21T14:20:34Z", "ms": -2154677966049.9094 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-20T11:34:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-20T08:36:51Z", "ms": -2154784988551.454 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-20T12:22:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-20T09:24:51Z", "ms": -2154782108551.454 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-21T11:34:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-21T08:36:30Z", "ms": -2154698609629.6975 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-21T12:22:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-21T09:24:30Z", "ms": -2154695729629.6975 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 15:33 on Fri 20 Sep to 17:18 on Sat 21 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-20T12:36:23Z → 1901-09-21T14:20:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 20th, 11:34–12:22 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11491 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 21 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rādhāṣṭamī 1901 falls on Saturday 21 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 15:33 on Fri 20 Sep to 17:18 on Sat 21 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-09-24", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40989, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-23T18:31:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-23T15:33:14Z", "ms": -2154500805880.877 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-24T17:52:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-24T14:54:27Z", "ms": -2154416732824.9539 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-23T18:31:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-23T15:33:14Z", "ms": -2154500805880.877 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-24T17:52:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-24T14:54:27Z", "ms": -2154416732824.9539 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-24T05:54:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-24T02:56:23Z", "ms": -2154459817293.207 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-24T05:54:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-24T02:56:23Z", "ms": -2154459817293.207 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-25T05:55:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-25T02:57:11Z", "ms": -2154373369255.0442 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-25T05:55:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-25T02:57:11Z", "ms": -2154373369255.0442 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:30 on Mon 23 Sep to 17:51 on Tue 24 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-23T15:33:14Z → 1901-09-24T14:54:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:53 on the 24th and 05:54 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 24th and is not on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 40989 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Tuesday 24 September. Ekādaśī runs from 18:30 on Mon 23 Sep to 17:51 on Tue 24 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-09-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14703, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-24T17:52:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-24T14:54:27Z", "ms": -2154416732824.9539 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-25T16:26:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-25T13:28:10Z", "ms": -2154335509890.1477 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-24T17:52:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-24T14:54:27Z", "ms": -2154416732824.9539 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-25T16:26:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-25T13:28:10Z", "ms": -2154335509890.1477 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-24T11:33:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-24T08:35:28Z", "ms": -2154439472433.8394 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-24T12:21:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-24T09:23:28Z", "ms": -2154436592433.8394 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-25T11:33:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-25T08:35:07Z", "ms": -2154353093154.928 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-25T12:21:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-25T09:23:07Z", "ms": -2154350213154.928 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:51 on Tue 24 Sep to 16:25 on Wed 25 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-24T14:54:27Z → 1901-09-25T13:28:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 24th, 11:32–12:20 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14703 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vāmana Jayantī 1901 falls on Wednesday 25 September. Dvādaśī runs from 17:51 on Tue 24 Sep to 16:25 on Wed 25 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-09-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5573, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-25T16:26:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-25T13:28:10Z", "ms": -2154335509890.1477 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-26T14:18:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-26T11:20:34Z", "ms": -2154256765798.0525 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-25T16:26:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-25T13:28:10Z", "ms": -2154335509890.1477 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-26T14:18:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-26T11:20:34Z", "ms": -2154256765798.0525 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-25T17:59:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-25T15:01:03Z", "ms": -2154329937054.8118 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-25T19:34:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-25T16:36:38Z", "ms": -2154324201590.6223 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-26T17:57:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-26T14:59:34Z", "ms": -2154243626390.6028 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-26T19:33:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-26T16:35:27Z", "ms": -2154237872569.484 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:25 on Wed 25 Sep to 14:18 on Thu 26 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-25T13:28:10Z → 1901-09-26T11:20:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:58–19:34 on the 25th, 17:57–19:32 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 96 of 96 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 96 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5573 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Wednesday 25 September. Trayodaśī runs from 16:25 on Wed 25 Sep to 14:18 on Thu 26 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-09-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11838, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-26T14:18:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-26T11:20:34Z", "ms": -2154256765798.0525 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-27T11:37:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-27T08:39:56Z", "ms": -2154180003789.5469 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-26T14:18:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-26T11:20:34Z", "ms": -2154256765798.0525 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-27T11:37:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-27T08:39:56Z", "ms": -2154180003789.5469 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-26T05:55:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-26T02:57:59Z", "ms": -2154286921073.391 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-26T08:20:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-26T05:22:18Z", "ms": -2154278262136.8335 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-27T05:56:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-27T02:58:47Z", "ms": -2154200472732.212 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-27T08:20:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-27T05:22:39Z", "ms": -2154191841295.822 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:18 on Thu 26 Sep to 11:37 on Fri 27 Sep.", "fact": "1901-09-26T11:20:34Z → 1901-09-27T08:39:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:55–08:19 on the 26th, 05:56–08:20 on the 27th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 144 minutes on the 26th and 144 of 144 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11838 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ananta Caturdaśī 1901 falls on Friday 27 September. Caturdaśī runs from 14:18 on Thu 26 Sep to 11:37 on Fri 27 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-09-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-09-30", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2347, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-09-30T22:35:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-30T19:37:27Z", "ms": -2153881352714.2944 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-01T19:30:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-01T16:32:32Z", "ms": -2153806047638.338 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-09-30T22:35:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-30T19:37:27Z", "ms": -2153881352714.2944 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-01T19:30:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-01T16:32:32Z", "ms": -2153806047638.338 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-09-30T19:20:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-30T16:22:10Z", "ms": -2153893069727.0522 }, "end": { "local": "1901-09-30T19:20:10+02:58", "utc": "1901-09-30T16:22:10Z", "ms": -2153893069727.0522 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-01T20:09:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-01T17:11:39Z", "ms": -2153803700750.809 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-01T20:09:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-01T17:11:39Z", "ms": -2153803700750.809 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:34 on Mon 30 Sep to 19:30 on Tue 1 Oct.", "fact": "1901-09-30T19:37:27Z → 1901-10-01T16:32:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:19 on the 30th and 20:09 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 30th and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 2347 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Monday 30 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-30", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-09-30", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Monday 30 September. Caturthī runs from 22:34 on Mon 30 Sep to 19:30 on Tue 1 Oct, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-09-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15520, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-02T16:45:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-02T13:47:16Z", "ms": -2153729563559.1758 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-03T14:25:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-03T11:27:08Z", "ms": -2153651571874.351 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-02T16:45:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-02T13:47:16Z", "ms": -2153729563559.1758 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-03T14:25:08+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-03T11:27:08Z", "ms": -2153651571874.351 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-02T21:03:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-02T18:05:56Z", "ms": -2153714044014.6804 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-02T21:03:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-02T18:05:56Z", "ms": -2153714044014.6804 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-03T22:02:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-03T19:04:16Z", "ms": -2153624143746.2476 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-03T22:02:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-03T19:04:16Z", "ms": -2153624143746.2476 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:44 on Wed 2 Oct to 14:24 on Thu 3 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-02T13:47:16Z → 1901-10-03T11:27:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:03 on the 2nd and 22:01 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15520 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1901 falls on Wednesday 2 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:44 on Wed 2 Oct to 14:24 on Thu 3 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18704, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-04T12:34:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-04T09:36:04Z", "ms": -2153571836038.861 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-05T11:14:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-05T08:16:27Z", "ms": -2153490212897.0557 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-04T12:34:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-04T09:36:04Z", "ms": -2153571836038.861 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-05T11:14:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-05T08:16:27Z", "ms": -2153490212897.0557 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-04T17:45:48+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-04T14:47:48Z", "ms": -2153553131997.6897 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-04T19:24:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-04T16:26:09Z", "ms": -2153547231487.938 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-05T17:44:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-05T14:46:21Z", "ms": -2153466818575.5208 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-05T19:23:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-05T16:25:00Z", "ms": -2153460899785.83 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 12:33 on Fri 4 Oct to 11:13 on Sat 5 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-04T09:36:04Z → 1901-10-05T08:16:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:45–19:23 on the 4th, 17:43–19:22 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 99 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18704 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1901 falls on Friday 4 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 12:33 on Fri 4 Oct to 11:13 on Sat 5 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37747, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-04T12:34:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-04T09:36:04Z", "ms": -2153571836038.861 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-05T11:14:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-05T08:16:27Z", "ms": -2153490212897.0557 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-04T12:34:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-04T09:36:04Z", "ms": -2153571836038.861 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-05T11:14:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-05T08:16:27Z", "ms": -2153490212897.0557 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-04T23:03:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-04T20:05:11Z", "ms": -2153534088793.7478 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-04T23:03:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-04T20:05:11Z", "ms": -2153534088793.7478 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-06T00:04:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-05T21:06:59Z", "ms": -2153443980538.5474 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-06T00:04:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-05T21:06:59Z", "ms": -2153443980538.5474 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 12:33 on Fri 4 Oct to 11:13 on Sat 5 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-04T09:36:04Z → 1901-10-05T08:16:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 23:02 on the 4th and 00:04 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37747 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Mosul, 1901: Friday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1901 falls on Friday 4 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 12:33 on Fri 4 Oct to 11:13 on Sat 5 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-10-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14830, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-07T10:12:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-07T07:14:13Z", "ms": -2153321146982.3386 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-08T10:28:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-08T07:30:20Z", "ms": -2153233780383.9675 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-07T10:12:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-07T07:14:13Z", "ms": -2153321146982.3386 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-08T10:28:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-08T07:30:20Z", "ms": -2153233780383.9675 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-07T06:05:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-07T03:07:03Z", "ms": -2153335976828.783 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-07T06:05:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-07T03:07:03Z", "ms": -2153335976828.783 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-08T06:05:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-08T03:07:54Z", "ms": -2153249525695.58 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-08T06:05:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-08T03:07:54Z", "ms": -2153249525695.58 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:11 on Mon 7 Oct to 10:27 on Tue 8 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-07T07:14:13Z → 1901-10-08T07:30:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:04 on the 7th and 06:05 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14830 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Indirā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Tuesday 8 October. Ekādaśī runs from 10:11 on Mon 7 Oct to 10:27 on Tue 8 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-10-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-10-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18582, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-09T11:14:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-09T08:16:03Z", "ms": -2153144637421.9648 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-10T12:27:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-10T09:29:34Z", "ms": -2153053826055.857 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-09T11:14:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-09T08:16:03Z", "ms": -2153144637421.9648 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-10T12:27:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-10T09:29:34Z", "ms": -2153053826055.857 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-09T17:38:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-09T14:40:40Z", "ms": -2153121559938.2634 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-09T19:18:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-09T16:20:32Z", "ms": -2153115568277.0515 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-10T17:37:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-10T14:39:16Z", "ms": -2153035243897.0557 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-10T19:17:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-10T16:19:26Z", "ms": -2153029234095.6733 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:13 on Wed 9 Oct to 12:27 on Thu 10 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-09T08:16:03Z → 1901-10-10T09:29:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:38–19:18 on the 9th, 17:36–19:16 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 100 of 100 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 100 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18582 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Wednesday 9 October. Trayodaśī runs from 11:13 on Wed 9 Oct to 12:27 on Thu 10 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-10-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-10-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33708, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-10T12:27:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-10T09:29:34Z", "ms": -2153053826055.857 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-11T14:06:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-11T11:08:49Z", "ms": -2152961470729.3474 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-10T12:27:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-10T09:29:34Z", "ms": -2153053826055.857 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-11T14:06:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-11T11:08:49Z", "ms": -2152961470729.3474 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-10T23:28:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-10T20:30:53Z", "ms": -2153014147141.8718 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-11T00:16:53+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-10T21:18:53Z", "ms": -2153011267141.8718 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-11T23:28:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-11T20:30:37Z", "ms": -2152927762606.2886 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-12T00:16:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-11T21:18:37Z", "ms": -2152924882606.2886 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 12:27 on Thu 10 Oct to 14:06 on Fri 11 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-10T09:29:34Z → 1901-10-11T11:08:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:28–00:16 on the 10th, 23:28–00:16 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33708 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1901 falls on Thursday 10 October. Caturdaśī runs from 12:27 on Thu 10 Oct to 14:06 on Fri 11 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-10-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-12", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 3103, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1901-10-11T14:06:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-11T11:08:49Z", "ms": -2152961470729.3474 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-12T16:09:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-12T13:11:12Z", "ms": -2152867728071.6987 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-11T14:06:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-11T11:08:49Z", "ms": -2152961470729.3474 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-12T16:09:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-12T13:11:12Z", "ms": -2152867728071.6987 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-11T13:00:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-11T10:02:55Z", "ms": -2152965424502.4153 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-11T15:18:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-11T12:20:24Z", "ms": -2152957175874.3242 } }, "covered_min": 72, "window_min": 137, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-12T13:00:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-12T10:02:27Z", "ms": -2152879053161.0615 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-12T15:17:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-12T12:19:28Z", "ms": -2152870831559.3008 } }, "covered_min": 137, "window_min": 137, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 14:06 on Fri 11 Oct to 16:08 on Sat 12 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-11T11:08:49Z → 1901-10-12T13:11:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:00–15:17 on the 11th, 12:59–15:16 on the 12th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 72 of 137 minutes on the 11th and 137 of 137 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both afternoons qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 3103 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1901 falls on Saturday 12 October. Amāvasyā runs from 14:06 on Fri 11 Oct to 16:08 on Sat 12 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon. It also reaches the previous afternoon for 72 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13996, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1901-10-12T16:09:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-12T13:11:12Z", "ms": -2152867728071.6987 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-13T18:31:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-13T15:33:04Z", "ms": -2152772815545.9685 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-12T16:09:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-12T13:11:12Z", "ms": -2152867728071.6987 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-13T18:31:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-13T15:33:04Z", "ms": -2152772815545.9685 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-12T11:27:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-12T08:29:56Z", "ms": -2152884603961.942 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-12T12:15:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-12T09:17:56Z", "ms": -2152881723961.942 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-13T11:27:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-13T08:29:41Z", "ms": -2152798218608.9146 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-13T12:15:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-13T09:17:41Z", "ms": -2152795338608.9146 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 16:08 on Sat 12 Oct to 18:30 on Sun 13 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-12T13:11:12Z → 1901-10-13T15:33:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 12th, 11:27–12:15 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13996 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1901 falls on Sunday 13 October. Pratipadā runs from 16:08 on Sat 12 Oct to 18:30 on Sun 13 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-10-16", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32128, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-15T23:50:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-15T20:52:27Z", "ms": -2152580852679.695 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-17T02:31:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-16T23:33:20Z", "ms": -2152484799590.0781 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-15T23:50:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-15T20:52:27Z", "ms": -2152580852679.695 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-17T02:31:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-16T23:33:20Z", "ms": -2152484799590.0781 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-16T11:27:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-16T08:29:01Z", "ms": -2152539059405.0454 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-16T12:15:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-16T09:17:01Z", "ms": -2152536179405.0454 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-10-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-17T11:26:48+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-17T08:28:48Z", "ms": -2152452671904.791 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-17T12:14:48+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-17T09:16:48Z", "ms": -2152449791904.791 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:49 on Tue 15 Oct to 02:30 on Thu 17 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-15T20:52:27Z → 1901-10-16T23:33:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:26–12:14 on the 16th, 11:26–12:14 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32128 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 16 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1901 falls on Wednesday 16 October. Caturthī runs from 23:49 on Tue 15 Oct to 02:30 on Thu 17 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-10-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-20", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 67, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-19T07:01:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-19T04:03:24Z", "ms": -2152295796192.5662 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-20T08:28:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-20T05:30:16Z", "ms": -2152204183838.7603 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-19T07:01:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-19T04:03:24Z", "ms": -2152295796192.5662 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-20T08:28:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-20T05:30:16Z", "ms": -2152204183838.7603 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-19T06:15:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-19T03:17:38Z", "ms": -2152298541666.2024 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-19T07:00:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-19T04:02:17Z", "ms": -2152295863466.0618 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 45, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-20T06:16:33+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-20T03:18:33Z", "ms": -2152212086562.0447 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-20T07:01:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-20T04:03:03Z", "ms": -2152209417139.8455 } }, "covered_min": 44, "window_min": 44, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 07:00 on Sat 19 Oct to 08:27 on Sun 20 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-19T04:03:24Z → 1901-10-20T05:30:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:15–06:59 on the 19th, 06:16–07:00 on the 20th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 45 minutes on the 19th and 44 of 44 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 67 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-20", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-20", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Durgā Saptamī 1901 falls on Sunday 20 October. Saptamī runs from 07:00 on Sat 19 Oct to 08:27 on Sun 20 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning. It is 1 min 07 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8092, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-20T08:28:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-20T05:30:16Z", "ms": -2152204183838.7603 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-21T09:11:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-21T06:13:12Z", "ms": -2152115207744.7617 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-20T08:28:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-20T05:30:16Z", "ms": -2152204183838.7603 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-21T09:11:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-21T06:13:12Z", "ms": -2152115207744.7617 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-20T11:26:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-20T08:28:14Z", "ms": -2152193505895.5513 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-20T12:14:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-20T09:16:14Z", "ms": -2152190625895.5513 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-21T11:26:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-21T08:28:04Z", "ms": -2152107116005.851 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-21T12:14:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-21T09:16:04Z", "ms": -2152104236005.851 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 08:27 on Sun 20 Oct to 09:10 on Mon 21 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-20T05:30:16Z → 1901-10-21T06:13:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:25–12:13 on the 20th, 11:25–12:13 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8092 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1901 falls on Sunday 20 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 08:27 on Sun 20 Oct to 09:10 on Mon 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8092, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-21T09:11:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-21T06:13:12Z", "ms": -2152115207744.7617 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-22T09:05:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-22T06:07:24Z", "ms": -2152029155978.7625 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-21T09:11:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-21T06:13:12Z", "ms": -2152115207744.7617 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-22T09:05:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-22T06:07:24Z", "ms": -2152029155978.7625 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-21T11:26:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-21T08:28:04Z", "ms": -2152107116005.851 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-21T12:14:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-21T09:16:04Z", "ms": -2152104236005.851 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-22T11:25:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-22T08:27:55Z", "ms": -2152020725480.6284 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-22T12:13:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-22T09:15:55Z", "ms": -2152017845480.6284 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 09:10 on Mon 21 Oct to 09:04 on Tue 22 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-21T06:13:12Z → 1901-10-22T06:07:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:25–12:13 on the 21st, 11:25–12:13 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8092 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Mosul, 1901: Monday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahānavamī 1901 falls on Monday 21 October. Navamī runs from 09:10 on Mon 21 Oct to 09:04 on Tue 22 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2119, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-22T09:05:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-22T06:07:24Z", "ms": -2152029155978.7625 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-23T08:09:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-23T05:11:54Z", "ms": -2151946085891.5972 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-22T09:05:24+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-22T06:07:24Z", "ms": -2152029155978.7625 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-23T08:09:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-23T05:11:54Z", "ms": -2151946085891.5972 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-22T11:25:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-22T08:27:55Z", "ms": -2152020725480.6284 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-22T12:13:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-22T09:15:55Z", "ms": -2152017845480.6284 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-23T11:25:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-23T08:27:46Z", "ms": -2151934334304.1162 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-23T12:13:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-23T09:15:46Z", "ms": -2151931454304.1162 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 09:04 on Tue 22 Oct to 08:09 on Wed 23 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-22T06:07:24Z → 1901-10-23T05:11:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:25–12:13 on the 22nd, 11:25–12:13 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so the rest of the rule applies. Daśamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2119 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1901 falls on Tuesday 22 October. Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so madhyāhna decides. Daśamī runs from 09:04 on Tue 22 Oct to 08:09 on Wed 23 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-10-24", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 423, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-23T08:09:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-23T05:11:54Z", "ms": -2151946085891.5972 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-24T06:27:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-24T03:29:20Z", "ms": -2151865839942.2307 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-23T08:09:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-23T05:11:54Z", "ms": -2151946085891.5972 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-24T06:27:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-24T03:29:20Z", "ms": -2151865839942.2307 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-23T06:19:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-23T03:21:21Z", "ms": -2151952719237.8242 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-23T06:19:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-23T03:21:21Z", "ms": -2151952719237.8242 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-24T06:20:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-24T03:22:17Z", "ms": -2151866262795.7634 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-24T06:20:17+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-24T03:22:17Z", "ms": -2151866262795.7634 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:09 on Wed 23 Oct to 06:26 on Thu 24 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-23T05:11:54Z → 1901-10-24T03:29:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:18 on the 23rd and 06:19 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 423 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 24 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Thursday 24 October. Ekādaśī runs from 08:09 on Wed 23 Oct to 06:26 on Thu 24 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-10-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-10-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21773, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-25T04:03:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-25T01:05:14Z", "ms": -2151788085982.7798 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-26T01:05:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-25T22:07:14Z", "ms": -2151712365897.0317 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-25T04:03:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-25T01:05:14Z", "ms": -2151788085982.7798 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-26T01:05:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-25T22:07:14Z", "ms": -2151712365897.0317 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-24T17:18:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-24T14:20:58Z", "ms": -2151826742124.315 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-24T19:03:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-24T16:05:16Z", "ms": -2151820483977.199 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-25T17:17:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-25T14:19:46Z", "ms": -2151740413841.973 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-25T19:02:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-25T16:04:21Z", "ms": -2151734138518.1184 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:02 on Fri 25 Oct to 01:04 on Sat 26 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-25T01:05:14Z → 1901-10-25T22:07:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:18–19:02 on the 24th, 17:17–19:01 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 24th and 105 of 105 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21773 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Friday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Friday 25 October. Trayodaśī runs from 04:02 on Fri 25 Oct to 01:04 on Sat 26 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-10-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30418, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-30T07:17:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-30T04:19:52Z", "ms": -2151344408195.2566 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-31T04:16:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-31T01:18:36Z", "ms": -2151268883971.7297 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-30T07:17:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-30T04:19:52Z", "ms": -2151344408195.2566 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-31T04:16:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-31T01:18:36Z", "ms": -2151268883971.7297 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-29T18:50:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-29T15:52:37Z", "ms": -2151389243129.653 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-29T18:50:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-29T15:52:37Z", "ms": -2151389243129.653 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-30T19:49:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-30T16:51:38Z", "ms": -2151299302080.6487 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-30T19:49:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-30T16:51:38Z", "ms": -2151299302080.6487 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:17 on Wed 30 Oct to 04:16 on Thu 31 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-30T04:19:52Z → 1901-10-31T01:18:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 18:50 on the 29th and 19:49 on the 30th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 30418 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1901 falls on Wednesday 30 October. Caturthī runs from 07:17 on Wed 30 Oct to 04:16 on Thu 31 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-10-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30418, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-10-30T07:17:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-30T04:19:52Z", "ms": -2151344408195.2566 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-31T04:16:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-31T01:18:36Z", "ms": -2151268883971.7297 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-10-30T07:17:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-30T04:19:52Z", "ms": -2151344408195.2566 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-31T04:16:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-31T01:18:36Z", "ms": -2151268883971.7297 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-29T18:50:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-29T15:52:37Z", "ms": -2151389243129.653 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-29T18:50:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-29T15:52:37Z", "ms": -2151389243129.653 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-10-30T19:49:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-30T16:51:38Z", "ms": -2151299302080.6487 }, "end": { "local": "1901-10-30T19:49:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-10-30T16:51:38Z", "ms": -2151299302080.6487 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:17 on Wed 30 Oct to 04:16 on Thu 31 Oct.", "fact": "1901-10-30T04:19:52Z → 1901-10-31T01:18:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 18:50 on the 29th and 19:49 on the 30th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30418 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Wednesday 30 October. Caturthī runs from 07:17 on Wed 30 Oct to 04:16 on Thu 31 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1035, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-02T22:41:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-02T19:43:43Z", "ms": -2151029776517.632 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-03T22:13:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-03T19:15:58Z", "ms": -2150945042171.7441 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-02T22:41:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-02T19:43:43Z", "ms": -2151029776517.632 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-03T22:13:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-03T19:15:58Z", "ms": -2150945042171.7441 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-02T22:58:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-02T20:00:58Z", "ms": -2151028741640.2466 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-02T22:58:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-02T20:00:58Z", "ms": -2151028741640.2466 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-04T00:00:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-03T21:02:28Z", "ms": -2150938652355.1648 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-04T00:00:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-03T21:02:28Z", "ms": -2150938652355.1648 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 22:41 on Sat 2 Nov to 22:13 on Sun 3 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-02T19:43:43Z → 1901-11-03T19:15:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:58 on the 2nd and 23:59 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1035 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1901 falls on Saturday 2 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 22:41 on Sat 2 Nov to 22:13 on Sun 3 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-11-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20311, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-05T23:24:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-05T20:26:55Z", "ms": -2150767985360.5803 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-07T00:55:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-06T21:57:30Z", "ms": -2150676149606.216 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-05T23:24:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-05T20:26:55Z", "ms": -2150767985360.5803 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-07T00:55:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-06T21:57:30Z", "ms": -2150676149606.216 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-06T06:33:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-06T03:35:01Z", "ms": -2150742299459.2332 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-06T06:33:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-06T03:35:01Z", "ms": -2150742299459.2332 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-07T06:34:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T03:36:01Z", "ms": -2150655838742.8503 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-07T06:34:01+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T03:36:01Z", "ms": -2150655838742.8503 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:24 on Tue 5 Nov to 00:55 on Thu 7 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-05T20:26:55Z → 1901-11-06T21:57:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:32 on the 6th and 06:33 on the 7th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20311 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ramā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Wednesday 6 November. Ekādaśī runs from 23:24 on Tue 5 Nov to 00:55 on Thu 7 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-11-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21759, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-07T00:55:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-06T21:57:30Z", "ms": -2150676149606.216 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-08T02:54:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T23:56:39Z", "ms": -2150582600539.605 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-07T00:55:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-06T21:57:30Z", "ms": -2150676149606.216 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-08T02:54:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T23:56:39Z", "ms": -2150582600539.605 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-06T17:04:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-06T14:06:59Z", "ms": -2150704380640.406 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-06T18:52:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-06T15:54:52Z", "ms": -2150697908387.3987 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-07T17:04:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T14:06:04Z", "ms": -2150618035680.8472 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-07T18:52:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T15:54:12Z", "ms": -2150611547966.754 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 00:55 on Thu 7 Nov to 02:54 on Fri 8 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-06T21:57:30Z → 1901-11-07T23:56:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:04–18:52 on the 6th, 17:03–18:51 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 108 minutes on the 6th and 108 of 108 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21759 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1901 falls on Thursday 7 November. Dvādaśī runs from 00:55 on Thu 7 Nov to 02:54 on Fri 8 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28947, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-08T02:54:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T23:56:39Z", "ms": -2150582600539.605 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-09T05:15:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T02:17:13Z", "ms": -2150487766842.535 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-08T02:54:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T23:56:39Z", "ms": -2150582600539.605 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-09T05:15:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T02:17:13Z", "ms": -2150487766842.535 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-07T17:04:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T14:06:04Z", "ms": -2150618035680.8472 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-07T18:52:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T15:54:12Z", "ms": -2150611547966.754 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-08T17:03:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-08T14:05:11Z", "ms": -2150531689212.7593 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-08T18:51:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-08T15:53:34Z", "ms": -2150525186215.188 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:54 on Fri 8 Nov to 05:14 on Sat 9 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-07T23:56:39Z → 1901-11-09T02:17:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:03–18:51 on the 7th, 17:02–18:51 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 108 minutes on the 7th and 108 of 108 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28947 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Mosul, 1901: Friday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Yama Dīpadāna 1901 falls on Friday 8 November. Trayodaśī runs from 02:54 on Fri 8 Nov to 05:14 on Sat 9 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-11-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28947, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-08T02:54:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T23:56:39Z", "ms": -2150582600539.605 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-09T05:15:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T02:17:13Z", "ms": -2150487766842.535 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-08T02:54:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T23:56:39Z", "ms": -2150582600539.605 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-09T05:15:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T02:17:13Z", "ms": -2150487766842.535 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-07T17:04:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T14:06:04Z", "ms": -2150618035680.8472 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-07T18:52:12+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-07T15:54:12Z", "ms": -2150611547966.754 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-08T17:03:11+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-08T14:05:11Z", "ms": -2150531689212.7593 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-08T18:51:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-08T15:53:34Z", "ms": -2150525186215.188 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:54 on Fri 8 Nov to 05:14 on Sat 9 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-07T23:56:39Z → 1901-11-09T02:17:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:03–18:51 on the 7th, 17:02–18:51 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 108 minutes on the 7th and 108 of 108 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28947 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Friday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Friday 8 November. Trayodaśī runs from 02:54 on Fri 8 Nov to 05:14 on Sat 9 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-11-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1653, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-09T05:15:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T02:17:13Z", "ms": -2150487766842.535 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-10T07:50:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T04:52:00Z", "ms": -2150392079848.0742 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-09T05:15:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T02:17:13Z", "ms": -2150487766842.535 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-10T07:50:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T04:52:00Z", "ms": -2150392079848.0742 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-09T04:47:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T01:49:40Z", "ms": -2150489419728.5466 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-09T06:36:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T03:38:03Z", "ms": -2150482916730.9753 } }, "covered_min": 81, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-10T04:48:26+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T01:50:26Z", "ms": -2150402973583.0554 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-10T06:37:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T03:39:05Z", "ms": -2150396455486.9006 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:14 on Sat 9 Nov to 07:49 on Sun 10 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-09T02:17:13Z → 1901-11-10T04:52:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:47–06:35 on the 9th, 04:47–06:36 on the 10th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 81 of 108 minutes on the 9th and 109 of 109 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both dawns qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1653 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1901 falls on Saturday 9 November. Caturdaśī runs from 05:14 on Sat 9 Nov to 07:49 on Sun 10 Nov and covers 81 of 108 minutes of aruṇodaya that dawn. It also reaches the next dawn for 109 minutes; by the rule the first dawn is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-11-09", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18096, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-09T05:15:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T02:17:13Z", "ms": -2150487766842.535 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-10T07:50:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T04:52:00Z", "ms": -2150392079848.0742 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-09T05:15:13+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T02:17:13Z", "ms": -2150487766842.535 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-10T07:50:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T04:52:00Z", "ms": -2150392079848.0742 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-08T23:25:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-08T20:27:37Z", "ms": -2150508742971.8672 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-09T00:13:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-08T21:15:37Z", "ms": -2150505862971.8672 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-09T23:25:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T20:27:42Z", "ms": -2150422338347.4814 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-10T00:13:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T21:15:42Z", "ms": -2150419458347.4814 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:14 on Sat 9 Nov to 07:49 on Sun 10 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-09T02:17:13Z → 1901-11-10T04:52:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:25–00:13 on the 8th, 23:25–00:13 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18096 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1901 falls on Saturday 9 November. Caturdaśī runs from 05:14 on Sat 9 Nov to 07:49 on Sun 10 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-11-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23314, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1901-11-10T07:50:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T04:52:00Z", "ms": -2150392079848.0742 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-11T10:32:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z", "ms": -2150295954826.678 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-10T07:50:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T04:52:00Z", "ms": -2150392079848.0742 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-11T10:32:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z", "ms": -2150295954826.678 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-10T17:01:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T14:03:28Z", "ms": -2150358991639.3167 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-10T18:50:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T15:52:21Z", "ms": -2150352458636.8967 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-11T17:00:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T14:02:40Z", "ms": -2150272640479.6736 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-11T18:49:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T15:51:47Z", "ms": -2150266092770.8674 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 07:49 on Sun 10 Nov to 10:31 on Mon 11 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-10T04:52:00Z → 1901-11-11T07:34:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:00–18:49 on the 10th, 17:00–18:49 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 109 of 109 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 109 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23314 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1901 falls on Sunday 10 November. Amāvasyā runs from 07:49 on Sun 10 Nov to 10:31 on Mon 11 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27378, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1901-11-10T07:50:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T04:52:00Z", "ms": -2150392079848.0742 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-11T10:32:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z", "ms": -2150295954826.678 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-10T07:50:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T04:52:00Z", "ms": -2150392079848.0742 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-11T10:32:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z", "ms": -2150295954826.678 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-09T23:25:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T20:27:42Z", "ms": -2150422338347.4814 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-10T00:13:42+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-09T21:15:42Z", "ms": -2150419458347.4814 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-10T23:25:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T20:27:47Z", "ms": -2150335932880.2422 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-11T00:13:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-10T21:15:47Z", "ms": -2150333052880.2422 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 07:49 on Sun 10 Nov to 10:31 on Mon 11 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-10T04:52:00Z → 1901-11-11T07:34:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:25–00:13 on the 9th, 23:25–00:13 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27378 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kālī Pūjā 1901 falls on Sunday 10 November. Amāvasyā runs from 07:49 on Sun 10 Nov to 10:31 on Mon 11 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3198, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1901-11-11T10:32:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z", "ms": -2150295954826.678 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-12T13:14:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T10:16:49Z", "ms": -2150199791145.2493 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-11T10:32:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z", "ms": -2150295954826.678 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-12T13:14:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T10:16:49Z", "ms": -2150199791145.2493 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-11T11:25:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T08:27:23Z", "ms": -2150292757300.421 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-11T12:13:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T09:15:23Z", "ms": -2150289877300.421 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-12T11:25:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T08:27:30Z", "ms": -2150206350183.23 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-12T12:13:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T09:15:30Z", "ms": -2150203470183.23 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 10:31 on Mon 11 Nov to 13:14 on Tue 12 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z → 1901-11-12T10:16:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:24–12:12 on the 11th, 11:24–12:12 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 3198 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Mosul, 1901: Monday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Govardhana Pūjā 1901 falls on Monday 11 November. Pratipadā runs from 10:31 on Mon 11 Nov to 13:14 on Tue 12 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13503, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1901-11-11T10:32:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z", "ms": -2150295954826.678 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-12T13:14:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T10:16:49Z", "ms": -2150199791145.2493 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-11T10:32:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z", "ms": -2150295954826.678 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-12T13:14:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T10:16:49Z", "ms": -2150199791145.2493 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-11T17:00:40+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T14:02:40Z", "ms": -2150272640479.6736 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-11T18:49:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T15:51:47Z", "ms": -2150266092770.8674 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-12T16:59:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T14:01:52Z", "ms": -2150186287702.832 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-12T18:49:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T15:51:15Z", "ms": -2150179725495.2085 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 10:31 on Mon 11 Nov to 13:14 on Tue 12 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z → 1901-11-12T10:16:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:00–18:49 on the 11th, 16:59–18:48 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 109 of 109 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 109 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13503 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Mosul, 1901: Monday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bali Pūjā 1901 falls on Monday 11 November. Pratipadā runs from 10:31 on Mon 11 Nov to 13:14 on Tue 12 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1588, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1901-11-11T10:32:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z", "ms": -2150295954826.678 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-12T13:14:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T10:16:49Z", "ms": -2150199791145.2493 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-11T10:32:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z", "ms": -2150295954826.678 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-12T13:14:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T10:16:49Z", "ms": -2150199791145.2493 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-11T06:38:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T03:40:06Z", "ms": -2150309994121.168 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-11T10:05:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-11T07:07:37Z", "ms": -2150297542907.3364 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 208, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-12T06:39:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T03:41:07Z", "ms": -2150223532663.628 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-12T10:06:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T07:08:02Z", "ms": -2150211117676.696 } }, "covered_min": 207, "window_min": 207, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 10:31 on Mon 11 Nov to 13:14 on Tue 12 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-11T07:34:05Z → 1901-11-12T10:16:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:37–10:05 on the 11th, 06:38–10:05 on the 12th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 208 minutes on the 11th and 207 of 207 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1588 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Dyūta Pratipad 1901 falls on Tuesday 12 November. Pratipadā runs from 10:31 on Mon 11 Nov to 13:14 on Tue 12 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3679, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1901-11-12T13:14:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T10:16:49Z", "ms": -2150199791145.2493 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-13T15:51:35+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-13T12:53:35Z", "ms": -2150103985065.3586 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-12T13:14:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T10:16:49Z", "ms": -2150199791145.2493 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-13T15:51:35+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-13T12:53:35Z", "ms": -2150103985065.3586 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-12T11:25:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T08:27:30Z", "ms": -2150206350183.23 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-12T12:13:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-12T09:15:30Z", "ms": -2150203470183.23 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-13T11:25:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-13T08:27:38Z", "ms": -2150119942214.331 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-13T12:13:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-13T09:15:38Z", "ms": -2150117062214.331 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 13:14 on Tue 12 Nov to 15:51 on Wed 13 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-12T10:16:49Z → 1901-11-13T12:53:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:24–12:12 on the 12th, 11:25–12:13 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 3679 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 13 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1901 falls on Wednesday 13 November. Dvitīyā runs from 13:14 on Tue 12 Nov to 15:51 on Wed 13 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21709, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-14T18:15:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-14T15:17:36Z", "ms": -2150008944354.623 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-15T20:19:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-15T17:21:47Z", "ms": -2149915093264.9258 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-14T18:15:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-14T15:17:36Z", "ms": -2150008944354.623 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-15T20:19:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-15T17:21:47Z", "ms": -2149915093264.9258 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-14T11:25:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-14T08:27:47Z", "ms": -2150033533397.4792 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-14T12:13:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-14T09:15:47Z", "ms": -2150030653397.4792 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-15T11:25:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-15T08:27:56Z", "ms": -2149947123737.3237 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-15T12:13:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-15T09:15:56Z", "ms": -2149944243737.3237 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:15 on Thu 14 Nov to 20:19 on Fri 15 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-14T15:17:36Z → 1901-11-15T17:21:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:25–12:13 on the 14th, 11:25–12:13 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21709 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 15 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nāga Caturthī 1901 falls on Friday 15 November. Caturthī runs from 18:15 on Thu 14 Nov to 20:19 on Fri 15 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-11-15", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21709, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-14T18:15:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-14T15:17:36Z", "ms": -2150008944354.623 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-15T20:19:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-15T17:21:47Z", "ms": -2149915093264.9258 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-14T18:15:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-14T15:17:36Z", "ms": -2150008944354.623 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-15T20:19:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-15T17:21:47Z", "ms": -2149915093264.9258 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-14T11:25:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-14T08:27:47Z", "ms": -2150033533397.4792 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-14T12:13:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-14T09:15:47Z", "ms": -2150030653397.4792 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-15T11:25:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-15T08:27:56Z", "ms": -2149947123737.3237 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-15T12:13:56+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-15T09:15:56Z", "ms": -2149944243737.3237 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:15 on Thu 14 Nov to 20:19 on Fri 15 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-14T15:17:36Z → 1901-11-15T17:21:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:25–12:13 on the 14th, 11:25–12:13 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21709 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 15 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1901 falls on Friday 15 November. Caturthī runs from 18:15 on Thu 14 Nov to 20:19 on Fri 15 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-11-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34973, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-16T21:57:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-16T18:59:00Z", "ms": -2149822859899.2017 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-17T23:00:35+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-17T20:02:35Z", "ms": -2149732644825.782 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-16T21:57:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-16T18:59:00Z", "ms": -2149822859899.2017 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-17T23:00:35+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-17T20:02:35Z", "ms": -2149732644825.782 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-16T11:26:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-16T08:28:07Z", "ms": -2149860713239.3447 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-16T12:14:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-16T09:16:07Z", "ms": -2149857833239.3447 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-17T11:26:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-17T08:28:18Z", "ms": -2149774301909.7847 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-17T12:14:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-17T09:16:18Z", "ms": -2149771421909.7847 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:56 on Sat 16 Nov to 23:00 on Sun 17 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-16T18:59:00Z → 1901-11-17T20:02:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:25–12:13 on the 16th, 11:25–12:13 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34973 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 17 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1901 falls on Sunday 17 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:56 on Sat 16 Nov to 23:00 on Sun 17 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39122, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-18T23:25:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-18T20:27:02Z", "ms": -2149644777779.8992 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-19T23:06:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-19T20:08:45Z", "ms": -2149559474770.4536 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-18T23:25:02+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-18T20:27:02Z", "ms": -2149644777779.8992 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-19T23:06:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-19T20:08:45Z", "ms": -2149559474770.4536 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-18T11:26:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-18T08:28:30Z", "ms": -2149687889755.5547 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-18T12:14:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-18T09:16:30Z", "ms": -2149685009755.5547 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-19T11:26:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-19T08:28:43Z", "ms": -2149601476784.1304 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-19T12:14:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-19T09:16:43Z", "ms": -2149598596784.1304 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 23:24 on Mon 18 Nov to 23:06 on Tue 19 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-18T20:27:02Z → 1901-11-19T20:08:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:26–12:14 on the 18th, 11:26–12:14 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 39122 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 19 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gopāṣṭamī 1901 falls on Tuesday 19 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 23:24 on Mon 18 Nov to 23:06 on Tue 19 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27633, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-19T23:06:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-19T20:08:45Z", "ms": -2149559474770.4536 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-20T22:04:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-20T19:06:32Z", "ms": -2149476807853.3687 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-19T23:06:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-19T20:08:45Z", "ms": -2149559474770.4536 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-20T22:04:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-20T19:06:32Z", "ms": -2149476807853.3687 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-20T06:47:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-20T03:49:18Z", "ms": -2149531841738.1252 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-20T10:09:44+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-20T07:11:44Z", "ms": -2149519695914.9739 } }, "covered_min": 202, "window_min": 202, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-21T06:48:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-21T03:50:19Z", "ms": -2149445381014.7708 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-21T10:10:14+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-21T07:12:14Z", "ms": -2149433265952.5725 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 202, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 23:06 on Tue 19 Nov to 22:04 on Wed 20 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-19T20:08:45Z → 1901-11-20T19:06:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:46–10:09 on the 20th, 06:47–10:09 on the 21st.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 202 of 202 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 202 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27633 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1901 falls on Wednesday 20 November. Navamī runs from 23:06 on Tue 19 Nov to 22:04 on Wed 20 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35375, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-19T23:06:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-19T20:08:45Z", "ms": -2149559474770.4536 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-20T22:04:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-20T19:06:32Z", "ms": -2149476807853.3687 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-19T23:06:45+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-19T20:08:45Z", "ms": -2149559474770.4536 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-20T22:04:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-20T19:06:32Z", "ms": -2149476807853.3687 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-19T11:26:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-19T08:28:43Z", "ms": -2149601476784.1304 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-19T12:14:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-19T09:16:43Z", "ms": -2149598596784.1304 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-20T11:26:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-20T08:28:57Z", "ms": -2149515063003.398 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-20T12:14:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-20T09:16:57Z", "ms": -2149512183003.398 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 23:06 on Tue 19 Nov to 22:04 on Wed 20 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-19T20:08:45Z → 1901-11-20T19:06:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:26–12:14 on the 19th, 11:26–12:14 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 35375 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Durgā Navamī 1901 falls on Wednesday 20 November. Navamī runs from 23:06 on Tue 19 Nov to 22:04 on Wed 20 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-11-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37774, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-21T20:19:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-21T17:21:46Z", "ms": -2149396694370.2446 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-22T17:56:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-22T14:58:15Z", "ms": -2149318905021.3699 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-21T20:19:46+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-21T17:21:46Z", "ms": -2149396694370.2446 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-22T17:56:15+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-22T14:58:15Z", "ms": -2149318905021.3699 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-22T06:49:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-22T03:51:19Z", "ms": -2149358920562.4583 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-22T06:49:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-22T03:51:19Z", "ms": -2149358920562.4583 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-23T06:50:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-23T03:52:20Z", "ms": -2149272460419.6987 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-23T06:50:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-23T03:52:20Z", "ms": -2149272460419.6987 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:19 on Thu 21 Nov to 17:55 on Fri 22 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-21T17:21:46Z → 1901-11-22T14:58:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:48 on the 22nd and 06:49 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37774 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Friday 22 November. Ekādaśī runs from 20:19 on Thu 21 Nov to 17:55 on Fri 22 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-11-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-11-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6791, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-23T14:59:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-23T12:01:55Z", "ms": -2149243084772.5183 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-24T11:38:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-24T08:40:21Z", "ms": -2149168779127.416 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-23T14:59:55+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-23T12:01:55Z", "ms": -2149243084772.5183 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-24T11:38:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-24T08:40:21Z", "ms": -2149168779127.416 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-23T16:53:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-23T13:55:07Z", "ms": -2149236293353.2666 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-23T18:44:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-23T15:46:52Z", "ms": -2149229587656.088 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-24T16:52:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-24T13:54:41Z", "ms": -2149149919274.0398 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-24T18:44:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-24T15:46:38Z", "ms": -2149143202199.3904 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:59 on Sat 23 Nov to 11:37 on Sun 24 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-23T12:01:55Z → 1901-11-24T08:40:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:52–18:44 on the 23rd, 16:52–18:44 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 112 of 112 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 112 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6791 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Saturday 23 November. Trayodaśī runs from 14:59 on Sat 23 Nov to 11:37 on Sun 24 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-11-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12478, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-11-25T08:00:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-25T05:02:20Z", "ms": -2149095459998.2026 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-26T04:15:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-26T01:17:32Z", "ms": -2149022548445.3079 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-25T08:00:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-25T05:02:20Z", "ms": -2149095459998.2026 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-26T04:15:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-26T01:17:32Z", "ms": -2149022548445.3079 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-25T11:28:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-25T08:30:18Z", "ms": -2149082982242.4922 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-25T12:16:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-25T09:18:18Z", "ms": -2149080102242.4922 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-26T11:28:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-26T08:30:36Z", "ms": -2148996563774.2812 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-26T12:16:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-26T09:18:36Z", "ms": -2148993683774.2812 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:59 on Mon 25 Nov to 04:15 on Tue 26 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-25T05:02:20Z → 1901-11-26T01:17:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 25th, 11:28–12:16 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12478 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1901: Monday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1901 falls on Monday 25 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:59 on Mon 25 Nov to 04:15 on Tue 26 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14324, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-11-25T08:00:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-25T05:02:20Z", "ms": -2149095459998.2026 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-26T04:15:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-26T01:17:32Z", "ms": -2149022548445.3079 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-25T08:00:20+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-25T05:02:20Z", "ms": -2149095459998.2026 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-26T04:15:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-26T01:17:32Z", "ms": -2149022548445.3079 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-24T23:28:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-24T20:30:30Z", "ms": -2149126170244.105 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-25T00:16:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-24T21:18:30Z", "ms": -2149123290244.105 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-25T23:28:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-25T20:30:47Z", "ms": -2149039752748.6968 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-26T00:16:47+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-25T21:18:47Z", "ms": -2149036872748.6968 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:59 on Mon 25 Nov to 04:15 on Tue 26 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-25T05:02:20Z → 1901-11-26T01:17:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:27–00:15 on the 24th, 23:28–00:16 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14324 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Mosul, 1901: Monday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rāsayātrā 1901 falls on Monday 25 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:59 on Mon 25 Nov to 04:15 on Tue 26 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-11-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5685, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-11-28T18:02:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-28T15:04:38Z", "ms": -2148800121834.8298 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-29T15:32:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-29T12:34:21Z", "ms": -2148722738963.7327 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-11-28T18:02:38+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-28T15:04:38Z", "ms": -2148800121834.8298 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-29T15:32:21+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-29T12:34:21Z", "ms": -2148722738963.7327 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-28T19:37:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-28T16:39:23Z", "ms": -2148794436555.5522 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-28T19:37:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-28T16:39:23Z", "ms": -2148794436555.5522 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-11-29T20:43:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-29T17:45:34Z", "ms": -2148704065973.9756 }, "end": { "local": "1901-11-29T20:43:34+02:58", "utc": "1901-11-29T17:45:34Z", "ms": -2148704065973.9756 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:02 on Thu 28 Nov to 15:31 on Fri 29 Nov.", "fact": "1901-11-28T15:04:38Z → 1901-11-29T12:34:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:36 on the 28th and 20:43 on the 29th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5685 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Thursday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Thursday 28 November. Caturthī runs from 18:02 on Thu 28 Nov to 15:31 on Fri 29 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-12-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34909, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-12-05T16:43:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-05T13:45:32Z", "ms": -2148200068210.7322 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-06T19:13:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-06T16:15:06Z", "ms": -2148104693784.8047 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-05T16:43:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-05T13:45:32Z", "ms": -2148200068210.7322 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-06T19:13:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-06T16:15:06Z", "ms": -2148104693784.8047 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-05T07:01:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-05T04:03:43Z", "ms": -2148234977292.6199 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-05T07:01:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-05T04:03:43Z", "ms": -2148234977292.6199 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-06T07:02:35+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-06T04:04:35Z", "ms": -2148148524934.2583 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-06T07:02:35+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-06T04:04:35Z", "ms": -2148148524934.2583 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:43 on Thu 5 Dec to 19:12 on Fri 6 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-05T13:45:32Z → 1901-12-06T16:15:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:01 on the 5th and 07:02 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34909 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Friday 6 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Friday 6 December. Ekādaśī runs from 16:43 on Thu 5 Dec to 19:12 on Fri 6 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-12-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-12-08", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11575, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-12-07T21:56:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-07T18:58:54Z", "ms": -2148008466007.4917 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-09T00:43:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-08T21:45:41Z", "ms": -2147912059448.2202 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-07T21:56:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-07T18:58:54Z", "ms": -2148008466007.4917 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-09T00:43:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-08T21:45:41Z", "ms": -2147912059448.2202 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-07T16:50:05+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-07T13:52:05Z", "ms": -2148026874981.443 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-07T18:43:59+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-07T15:45:59Z", "ms": -2148020041393.708 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-08T16:50:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-08T13:52:07Z", "ms": -2147940472687.091 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-08T18:44:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-08T15:46:07Z", "ms": -2147933632818.9626 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:56 on Sat 7 Dec to 00:43 on Mon 9 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-07T18:58:54Z → 1901-12-08T21:45:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:49–18:43 on the 7th, 16:49–18:43 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 114 minutes on the 7th and 114 of 114 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11575 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 8 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Sunday 8 December. Trayodaśī runs from 21:56 on Sat 7 Dec to 00:43 on Mon 9 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-12-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-12-09", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1324, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-12-09T00:43:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-08T21:45:41Z", "ms": -2147912059448.2202 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-10T03:24:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-10T00:26:04Z", "ms": -2147816035766.3123 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-09T00:43:41+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-08T21:45:41Z", "ms": -2147912059448.2202 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-10T03:24:04+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-10T00:26:04Z", "ms": -2147816035766.3123 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-08T23:33:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-08T20:35:37Z", "ms": -2147916263181.6099 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-09T00:21:37+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-08T21:23:37Z", "ms": -2147913383181.6099 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-09T23:34:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-09T20:36:03Z", "ms": -2147829836864.4978 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-10T00:22:03+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-09T21:24:03Z", "ms": -2147826956864.4978 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:43 on Mon 9 Dec to 03:23 on Tue 10 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-08T21:45:41Z → 1901-12-10T00:26:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:33–00:21 on the 8th, 23:33–00:21 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1324 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1901: Monday 9 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1901 falls on Monday 9 December. Caturdaśī runs from 00:43 on Mon 9 Dec to 03:23 on Tue 10 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/shivaratri?on=1901-12-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-12-14", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-14", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 995, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-12-14T11:10:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-14T08:12:31Z", "ms": -2147442449414.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-15T12:07:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-15T09:09:54Z", "ms": -2147352606157.2764 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-14T11:10:31+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-14T08:12:31Z", "ms": -2147442449414.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-15T12:07:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-15T09:09:54Z", "ms": -2147352606157.2764 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-14T11:36:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-14T08:38:00Z", "ms": -2147440920378.63 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-14T12:24:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-14T09:26:00Z", "ms": -2147438040378.63 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-15T11:36:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-15T08:38:29Z", "ms": -2147354491227.3455 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-15T12:24:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-15T09:26:29Z", "ms": -2147351611227.3455 } }, "covered_min": 31, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:10 on Sat 14 Dec to 12:07 on Sun 15 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-14T08:12:31Z → 1901-12-15T09:09:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 14th, 11:35–12:23 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 31 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 995 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-14", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-14", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1901 falls on Saturday 14 December. Caturthī runs from 11:10 on Sat 14 Dec to 12:07 on Sun 15 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 31 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1901-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 729, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1901-12-15T12:07:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-15T09:09:54Z", "ms": -2147352606157.2764 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-16T12:37:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-16T09:39:07Z", "ms": -2147264453191.7778 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-15T12:07:54+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-15T09:09:54Z", "ms": -2147352606157.2764 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-16T12:37:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-16T09:39:07Z", "ms": -2147264453191.7778 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-15T11:36:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-15T08:38:29Z", "ms": -2147354491227.3455 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-15T12:24:29+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-15T09:26:29Z", "ms": -2147351611227.3455 } }, "covered_min": 17, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-16T11:36:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-16T08:38:58Z", "ms": -2147268061817.6768 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-16T12:24:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-16T09:26:58Z", "ms": -2147265181817.6768 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 12:07 on Sun 15 Dec to 12:36 on Mon 16 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-15T09:09:54Z → 1901-12-16T09:39:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 15th, 11:36–12:24 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 17 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 729 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Mosul, 1901: Monday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1901 falls on Monday 16 December. Pañcamī runs from 12:07 on Sun 15 Dec to 12:36 on Mon 16 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 17 minutes; by the rule the second midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 629, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1901-12-16T12:37:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-16T09:39:07Z", "ms": -2147264453191.7778 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-17T12:35:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-17T09:37:57Z", "ms": -2147178123141.6687 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-16T12:37:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-16T09:39:07Z", "ms": -2147264453191.7778 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-17T12:35:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-17T09:37:57Z", "ms": -2147178123141.6687 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-16T11:36:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-16T08:38:58Z", "ms": -2147268061817.6768 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-16T12:24:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-16T09:26:58Z", "ms": -2147265181817.6768 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-17T11:37:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-17T08:39:28Z", "ms": -2147181632185.526 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-17T12:25:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-17T09:27:28Z", "ms": -2147178752185.526 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:36 on Mon 16 Dec to 12:35 on Tue 17 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-16T09:39:07Z → 1901-12-17T09:37:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 16th, 11:36–12:24 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 629 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 17 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1901 falls on Tuesday 17 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:36 on Mon 16 Dec to 12:35 on Tue 17 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 629, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1901-12-16T12:37:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-16T09:39:07Z", "ms": -2147264453191.7778 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-17T12:35:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-17T09:37:57Z", "ms": -2147178123141.6687 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-16T12:37:07+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-16T09:39:07Z", "ms": -2147264453191.7778 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-17T12:35:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-17T09:37:57Z", "ms": -2147178123141.6687 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-16T11:36:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-16T08:38:58Z", "ms": -2147268061817.6768 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-16T12:24:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-16T09:26:58Z", "ms": -2147265181817.6768 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-17T11:37:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-17T08:39:28Z", "ms": -2147181632185.526 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-17T12:25:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-17T09:27:28Z", "ms": -2147178752185.526 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:36 on Mon 16 Dec to 12:35 on Tue 17 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-16T09:39:07Z → 1901-12-17T09:37:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 16th, 11:36–12:24 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 629 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 17 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1901 falls on Tuesday 17 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:36 on Mon 16 Dec to 12:35 on Tue 17 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 629, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1901-12-17T12:35:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-17T09:37:57Z", "ms": -2147178123141.6687 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-18T12:02:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-18T09:04:27Z", "ms": -2147093732725.3774 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-17T12:35:57+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-17T09:37:57Z", "ms": -2147178123141.6687 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-18T12:02:27+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-18T09:04:27Z", "ms": -2147093732725.3774 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-17T11:37:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-17T08:39:28Z", "ms": -2147181632185.526 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-17T12:25:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-17T09:27:28Z", "ms": -2147178752185.526 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-18T11:37:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-18T08:39:58Z", "ms": -2147095202366.605 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-18T12:25:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-18T09:27:58Z", "ms": -2147092322366.605 } }, "covered_min": 24, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 12:35 on Tue 17 Dec to 12:01 on Wed 18 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-17T09:37:57Z → 1901-12-18T09:04:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 17th, 11:37–12:25 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 24 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 629 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Mosul, 1901: Wednesday 18 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mitra Saptamī 1901 falls on Wednesday 18 December. Saptamī runs from 12:35 on Tue 17 Dec to 12:01 on Wed 18 Dec and covers 24 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-12-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 628, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-12-21T07:02:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-21T04:04:52Z", "ms": -2146852508277.1384 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-22T04:22:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T01:24:39Z", "ms": -2146775721017.3794 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-21T07:02:52+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-21T04:04:52Z", "ms": -2146852508277.1384 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-22T04:22:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T01:24:39Z", "ms": -2146775721017.3794 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-21T07:13:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-21T04:15:19Z", "ms": -2146851880715.5728 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-21T07:13:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-21T04:15:19Z", "ms": -2146851880715.5728 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-22T07:13:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T04:15:51Z", "ms": -2146765449389.2722 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-22T07:13:51+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T04:15:51Z", "ms": -2146765449389.2722 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:02 on Sat 21 Dec to 04:22 on Sun 22 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-21T04:04:52Z → 1901-12-22T01:24:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:12 on the 21st and 07:13 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 628 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 21 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1901 falls on Saturday 21 December. Ekādaśī runs from 07:02 on Sat 21 Dec to 04:22 on Sun 22 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/ekadashi?on=1901-12-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26239, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-12-22T04:22:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T01:24:39Z", "ms": -2146775721017.3794 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-23T01:19:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T22:21:49Z", "ms": -2146700290530.002 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-22T04:22:39+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T01:24:39Z", "ms": -2146775721017.3794 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-23T01:19:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T22:21:49Z", "ms": -2146700290530.002 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-22T11:39:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T08:41:58Z", "ms": -2146749481917.0415 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-22T12:27:58+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T09:29:58Z", "ms": -2146746601917.0415 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-23T11:40:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-23T08:42:28Z", "ms": -2146663051676.3643 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-23T12:28:28+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-23T09:30:28Z", "ms": -2146660171676.3643 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 04:22 on Sun 22 Dec to 01:19 on Mon 23 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-22T01:24:39Z → 1901-12-22T22:21:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 22nd, 11:39–12:27 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26239 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1901: Sunday 22 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1901 falls on Sunday 22 December. Dvādaśī runs from 04:22 on Sun 22 Dec to 01:19 on Mon 23 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-12-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11534, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1901-12-23T01:19:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T22:21:49Z", "ms": -2146700290530.002 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-23T22:01:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-23T19:03:32Z", "ms": -2146625788149.2957 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-23T01:19:49+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T22:21:49Z", "ms": -2146700290530.002 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-23T22:01:32+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-23T19:03:32Z", "ms": -2146625788149.2957 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-22T16:54:06+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T13:56:06Z", "ms": -2146730634444.811 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-22T18:48:48+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-22T15:50:48Z", "ms": -2146723752485.5144 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-23T16:54:36+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-23T13:56:36Z", "ms": -2146644203602.642 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-23T18:49:18+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-23T15:51:18Z", "ms": -2146637322032.6904 } }, "covered_min": 115, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:19 on Mon 23 Dec to 22:01 on Mon 23 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-22T22:21:49Z → 1901-12-23T19:03:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:53–18:48 on the 22nd, 16:54–18:48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 115 minutes on the 22nd and 115 of 115 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11534 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1901: Monday 23 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1901 falls on Monday 23 December. Trayodaśī runs from 01:19 on Mon 23 Dec to 22:01 on Mon 23 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/pradosha-vrata?on=1901-12-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 810, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1901-12-24T18:36:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-24T15:38:19Z", "ms": -2146551700718.194 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-25T15:13:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-25T12:15:50Z", "ms": -2146477450365.651 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-24T18:36:19+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-24T15:38:19Z", "ms": -2146551700718.194 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-25T15:13:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-25T12:15:50Z", "ms": -2146477450365.651 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-24T16:55:09+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-24T13:57:09Z", "ms": -2146557771064.949 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-24T18:49:50+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-24T15:51:50Z", "ms": -2146550890343.0474 } }, "covered_min": 14, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1901-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-25T16:55:43+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-25T13:57:43Z", "ms": -2146471336862.7124 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-25T18:50:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-25T15:52:23Z", "ms": -2146464457446.8809 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 18:35 on Tue 24 Dec to 15:13 on Wed 25 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-24T15:38:19Z → 1901-12-25T12:15:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:54–18:49 on the 24th, 16:55–18:49 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 14 of 115 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 115 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 810 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Mosul, 1901: Tuesday 24 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1901 falls on Tuesday 24 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 18:35 on Tue 24 Dec to 15:13 on Wed 25 Dec and covers 14 of 115 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-12-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1901, "local_date": "1901-12-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32657, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1901-12-28T07:06:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-28T04:08:30Z", "ms": -2146247489954.9717 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-29T05:37:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-29T02:39:16Z", "ms": -2146166443553.8447 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1901-12-28T07:06:30+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-28T04:08:30Z", "ms": -2146247489954.9717 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-29T05:37:16+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-29T02:39:16Z", "ms": -2146166443553.8447 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1901-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-27T19:27:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-27T16:29:23Z", "ms": -2146289437297.1018 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-27T19:27:23+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-27T16:29:23Z", "ms": -2146289437297.1018 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1901-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1901-12-28T20:33:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-28T17:35:00Z", "ms": -2146199100417.1167 }, "end": { "local": "1901-12-28T20:33:00+02:58", "utc": "1901-12-28T17:35:00Z", "ms": -2146199100417.1167 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:06 on Sat 28 Dec to 05:36 on Sun 29 Dec.", "fact": "1901-12-28T04:08:30Z → 1901-12-29T02:39:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:26 on the 27th and 20:32 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32657 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1901: Saturday 28 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1901-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1901 falls on Saturday 28 December. Caturthī runs from 07:06 on Sat 28 Dec to 05:36 on Sun 29 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1901/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1901-12-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }