{ "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920", "place": { "id": "99072", "slug": "mosul", "name": "Mosul", "region": "Nineveh, Iraq", "country": "IQ", "lat": 36.335, "lon": 43.11889, "elevation_m": 228, "tz": "Asia/Baghdad" }, "year": 1920, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-02", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21794, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-01T16:02:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-01T13:02:12Z", "ms": -1577876267881.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-02T13:22:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-02T10:22:46Z", "ms": -1577799433947.7236 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-01T16:02:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-01T13:02:12Z", "ms": -1577876267881.6187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-02T13:22:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-02T10:22:46Z", "ms": -1577799433947.7236 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-01T07:19:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-01T04:19:20Z", "ms": -1577907639868.3245 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-01T07:19:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-01T04:19:20Z", "ms": -1577907639868.3245 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-02T07:19:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-02T04:19:32Z", "ms": -1577821227820.659 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-02T07:19:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-02T04:19:32Z", "ms": -1577821227820.659 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:02 on Thu 1 Jan to 13:23 on Fri 2 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-01T13:02:12Z → 1920-01-02T10:22:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:19 on the 1st and 07:20 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 1st and is on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21794 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 2 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Putradā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 2 January. Ekādaśī runs from 16:02 on Thu 1 Jan to 13:23 on Fri 2 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-01-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24258, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-03T10:19:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-03T07:19:23Z", "ms": -1577724037218.2974 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-04T06:59:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-04T03:59:16Z", "ms": -1577649644231.3462 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-03T10:19:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-03T07:19:23Z", "ms": -1577724037218.2974 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-04T06:59:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-04T03:59:16Z", "ms": -1577649644231.3462 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-03T17:03:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-03T14:03:41Z", "ms": -1577699778773.9854 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-03T18:57:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-03T15:57:50Z", "ms": -1577692929552.1045 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-04T17:04:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-04T14:04:29Z", "ms": -1577613330639.5444 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-04T18:58:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-04T15:58:33Z", "ms": -1577606487016.1875 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:19 on Sat 3 Jan to 06:59 on Sun 4 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-03T07:19:23Z → 1920-01-04T03:59:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:04–18:58 on the 3rd, 17:04–18:59 on the 4th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 114 of 114 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 114 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24258 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 3 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 3 January. Trayodaśī runs from 10:19 on Sat 3 Jan to 06:59 on Sun 4 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-01-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-01-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16977, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-08T15:39:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-08T12:39:48Z", "ms": -1577272811555.1462 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-09T14:03:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-09T11:03:33Z", "ms": -1577192187229.6323 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-08T15:39:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-08T12:39:48Z", "ms": -1577272811555.1462 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-09T14:03:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-09T11:03:33Z", "ms": -1577192187229.6323 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-08T20:22:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-08T17:22:45Z", "ms": -1577255834727.3862 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-08T20:22:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-08T17:22:45Z", "ms": -1577255834727.3862 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-09T21:27:13+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-09T18:27:13Z", "ms": -1577165566528.1177 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-09T21:27:13+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-09T18:27:13Z", "ms": -1577165566528.1177 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:40 on Thu 8 Jan to 14:04 on Fri 9 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-08T12:39:48Z → 1920-01-09T11:03:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:23 on the 8th and 21:27 on the 9th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16977 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 8 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Thursday 8 January. Caturthī runs from 15:40 on Thu 8 Jan to 14:04 on Fri 9 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-01-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32843, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T08:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-12T21:04:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-12T18:04:42Z", "ms": -1574229317783.273 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T08:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T08:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-13T17:12:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T14:12:31Z", "ms": -1576835248991.4692 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T17:13:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T14:13:29Z", "ms": -1576748790944.1294 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T17:13:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T14:13:29Z", "ms": -1576748790944.1294 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-15T17:14:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T14:14:28Z", "ms": -1576662332172.0996 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 08:06 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:13, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:14.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 32843 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1920-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bhogi 1920 falls on Tuesday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 08:06 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32843, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T08:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-12T21:04:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-12T18:04:42Z", "ms": -1574229317783.273 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T08:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T08:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-13T17:12:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T14:12:31Z", "ms": -1576835248991.4692 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T17:13:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T14:13:29Z", "ms": -1576748790944.1294 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T17:13:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T14:13:29Z", "ms": -1576748790944.1294 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-15T17:14:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T14:14:28Z", "ms": -1576662332172.0996 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 08:06 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:13, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:14.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 32843 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Pongal 1920 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 08:06 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29166, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T08:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-12T21:04:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-12T18:04:42Z", "ms": -1574229317783.273 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T08:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T08:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-13T00:00:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-12T21:00:00Z", "ms": -1576897200000 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T00:00:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T21:00:00Z", "ms": -1576810800000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T00:00:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T21:00:00Z", "ms": -1576810800000 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-15T00:00:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T21:00:00Z", "ms": -1576724400000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 08:06 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Mosul.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Baghdad" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 29166 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Makara Saṅkrānti 1920 falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 08:06 on Wed 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32843, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T08:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-12T21:04:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-12T18:04:42Z", "ms": -1574229317783.273 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T08:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T08:06:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z", "ms": -1576781633696.9187 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-13T17:12:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-13T14:12:31Z", "ms": -1576835248991.4692 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-14T17:13:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T14:13:29Z", "ms": -1576748790944.1294 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-14T17:13:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-14T14:13:29Z", "ms": -1576748790944.1294 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-15T17:14:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T14:14:28Z", "ms": -1576662332172.0996 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1920-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 08:06 on Wed 14 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-14T05:06:06Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:13, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:14.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 32843 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Wednesday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1920-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1920-01-15", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mattu Pongal 1920 falls on Thursday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Wednesday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 08:06 on Wed 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26578, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-15T21:07:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T18:07:42Z", "ms": -1576648337690.4978 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-16T23:55:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-16T20:55:37Z", "ms": -1576551862637.5752 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-15T21:07:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-15T18:07:42Z", "ms": -1576648337690.4978 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-16T23:55:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-16T20:55:37Z", "ms": -1576551862637.5752 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-16T07:18:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-16T04:18:53Z", "ms": -1576611666728.5217 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-16T07:18:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-16T04:18:53Z", "ms": -1576611666728.5217 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-17T07:18:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T04:18:36Z", "ms": -1576525284300.733 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-17T07:18:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T04:18:36Z", "ms": -1576525284300.733 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:08 on Thu 15 Jan to 23:56 on Fri 16 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-15T18:07:42Z → 1920-01-16T20:55:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:19 on the 16th and 07:19 on the 17th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 16th and is not on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 26578 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 16 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 16 January. Ekādaśī runs from 21:08 on Thu 15 Jan to 23:56 on Fri 16 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-01-18", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26841, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-18T02:36:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T23:36:03Z", "ms": -1576455836807.701 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T04:58:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-18T02:36:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T23:36:03Z", "ms": -1576455836807.701 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T04:58:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-17T17:16:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T14:16:27Z", "ms": -1576489412657.913 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-17T19:08:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-17T16:08:42Z", "ms": -1576482678145.0852 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-18T17:17:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-18T14:17:28Z", "ms": -1576402952017.4456 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-18T19:09:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-18T16:09:32Z", "ms": -1576396228448.453 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:36 on Sun 18 Jan to 04:58 on Mon 19 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-17T23:36:03Z → 1920-01-19T01:58:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:16–19:09 on the 17th, 17:17–19:10 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 112 minutes on the 17th and 112 of 112 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26841 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 18 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 18 January. Trayodaśī runs from 02:36 on Sun 18 Jan to 04:58 on Mon 19 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-01-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1275, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T04:58:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T06:56:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1576267423797.9026 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T04:58:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T06:56:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1576267423797.9026 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T05:25:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T02:25:51Z", "ms": -1576359248818.9932 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T07:17:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T04:17:55Z", "ms": -1576352525250.0005 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-20T05:25:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T02:25:39Z", "ms": -1576272860903.4255 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T07:17:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T04:17:31Z", "ms": -1576266148603.1226 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:58 on Mon 19 Jan to 06:56 on Tue 20 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z → 1920-01-20T03:56:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:26–07:18 on the 19th, 05:26–07:18 on the 20th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 112 of 112 minutes on the 19th and 91 of 112 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both dawns qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1275 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Mosul, 1920: Monday 19 January.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Yama Tarpaṇa 1920 falls on Monday 19 January. Caturdaśī runs from 04:58 on Mon 19 Jan to 06:56 on Tue 20 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn. It also reaches the next dawn for 91 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-01-19", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15407, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T04:58:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T06:56:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1576267423797.9026 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T04:58:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z", "ms": -1576360892045.463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T06:56:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-20T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1576267423797.9026 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-18T23:53:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-18T20:53:41Z", "ms": -1576379178633.7231 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-19T00:41:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-18T21:41:41Z", "ms": -1576376298633.7231 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-19T23:54:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T20:54:00Z", "ms": -1576292759729.2583 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-20T00:42:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-19T21:42:00Z", "ms": -1576289879729.2583 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:58 on Mon 19 Jan to 06:56 on Tue 20 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-19T01:58:28Z → 1920-01-20T03:56:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:54–00:42 on the 18th, 23:54–00:42 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15407 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1920: Monday 19 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Monday 19 January. Caturdaśī runs from 04:58 on Mon 19 Jan to 06:56 on Tue 20 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-01-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5910, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T10:17:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z", "ms": -1575909769638.503 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T10:06:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T10:17:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z", "ms": -1575909769638.503 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T10:06:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T11:55:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T08:55:40Z", "ms": -1575903859910.3374 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-24T12:43:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T09:43:40Z", "ms": -1575900979910.3374 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T11:55:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T08:55:55Z", "ms": -1575817444625.796 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T12:43:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T09:43:55Z", "ms": -1575814564625.796 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:17 on Sat 24 Jan to 10:06 on Sun 25 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z → 1920-01-25T07:06:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 24th, 11:56–12:44 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5910 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1920 falls on Saturday 24 January. Caturthī runs from 10:17 on Sat 24 Jan to 10:06 on Sun 25 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25591, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T10:17:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z", "ms": -1575909769638.503 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T10:06:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T10:17:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z", "ms": -1575909769638.503 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T10:06:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-24T17:23:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T14:23:41Z", "ms": -1575884178942.3623 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-24T19:14:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-24T16:14:32Z", "ms": -1575877527560.9924 } }, "covered_min": 111, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T17:24:44+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T14:24:44Z", "ms": -1575797715669.5032 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T19:15:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T16:15:23Z", "ms": -1575791077327.3445 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 10:17 on Sat 24 Jan to 10:06 on Sun 25 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-24T07:17:10Z → 1920-01-25T07:06:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:24–19:15 on the 24th, 17:25–19:15 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 111 of 111 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 111 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25591 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 24 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Tila Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 24 January. Caturthī runs from 10:17 on Sat 24 Jan to 10:06 on Sun 25 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6573, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T10:06:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T09:33:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T06:33:51Z", "ms": -1575739568785.758 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T10:06:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T09:33:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T06:33:51Z", "ms": -1575739568785.758 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T11:55:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T08:55:55Z", "ms": -1575817444625.796 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T12:43:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T09:43:55Z", "ms": -1575814564625.796 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-26T11:56:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T08:56:10Z", "ms": -1575731030153.4102 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T12:44:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T09:44:10Z", "ms": -1575728150153.4102 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:06 on Sun 25 Jan to 09:34 on Mon 26 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z → 1920-01-26T06:33:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 25th, 11:56–12:44 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6573 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śrī Pañcamī 1920 falls on Sunday 25 January. Pañcamī runs from 10:06 on Sun 25 Jan to 09:34 on Mon 26 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6573, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T10:06:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T09:33:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T06:33:51Z", "ms": -1575739568785.758 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T10:06:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z", "ms": -1575824017778.6992 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T09:33:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T06:33:51Z", "ms": -1575739568785.758 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-25T11:55:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T08:55:55Z", "ms": -1575817444625.796 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-25T12:43:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-25T09:43:55Z", "ms": -1575814564625.796 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-01-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-26T11:56:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T08:56:10Z", "ms": -1575731030153.4102 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-26T12:44:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-26T09:44:10Z", "ms": -1575728150153.4102 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 10:06 on Sun 25 Jan to 09:34 on Mon 26 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-25T07:06:22Z → 1920-01-26T06:33:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:56–12:44 on the 25th, 11:56–12:44 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6573 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 25 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vasanta Pañcamī 1920 falls on Sunday 25 January. Pañcamī runs from 10:06 on Sun 25 Jan to 09:34 on Mon 26 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 634, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-27T08:39:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-27T05:39:47Z", "ms": -1575656412536.6016 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-28T07:23:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-28T04:23:51Z", "ms": -1575574568999.2446 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-27T08:39:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-27T05:39:47Z", "ms": -1575656412536.6016 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-28T07:23:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-28T04:23:51Z", "ms": -1575574568999.2446 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-27T05:23:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-27T02:23:31Z", "ms": -1575668189458.8528 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-27T07:13:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-27T04:13:56Z", "ms": -1575661564421.2136 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-28T05:23:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-28T02:23:06Z", "ms": -1575581813989.6387 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-28T07:13:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-28T04:13:17Z", "ms": -1575575202513.3909 } }, "covered_min": 110, "window_min": 110, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 08:40 on Tue 27 Jan to 07:24 on Wed 28 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-27T05:39:47Z → 1920-01-28T04:23:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:24–07:14 on the 27th, 05:23–07:13 on the 28th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 110 minutes on the 27th and 110 of 110 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 634 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 28 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ratha Saptamī 1920 falls on Wednesday 28 January. Saptamī runs from 08:40 on Tue 27 Jan to 07:24 on Wed 28 Jan and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-31", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-01-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20717, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T01:25:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-30T22:25:56Z", "ms": -1575336843886.651 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-31T22:49:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z", "ms": -1575259844322.7712 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T01:25:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-30T22:25:56Z", "ms": -1575336843886.651 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-31T22:49:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z", "ms": -1575259844322.7712 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T07:11:13+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T04:11:13Z", "ms": -1575316127185.4578 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-31T07:11:13+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T04:11:13Z", "ms": -1575316127185.4578 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T07:10:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T04:10:28Z", "ms": -1575229772115.9917 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T07:10:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T04:10:28Z", "ms": -1575229772115.9917 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:26 on Sat 31 Jan to 22:49 on Sat 31 Jan.", "fact": "1920-01-30T22:25:56Z → 1920-01-31T19:49:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:11 on the 31st and 07:10 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 31st and is not on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20717 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 31 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-01-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Jayā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 31 January. Ekādaśī runs from 01:26 on Sat 31 Jan to 22:49 on Sat 31 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-01-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26141, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T22:49:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z", "ms": -1575259844322.7712 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T20:01:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z", "ms": -1575183539988.8066 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T22:49:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z", "ms": -1575259844322.7712 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T20:01:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z", "ms": -1575183539988.8066 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-01-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-01-31T11:57:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T08:57:10Z", "ms": -1575298970257.165 }, "end": { "local": "1920-01-31T12:45:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-01-31T09:45:10Z", "ms": -1575296090257.165 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T11:57:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T08:57:19Z", "ms": -1575212560798.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T12:45:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T09:45:19Z", "ms": -1575209680798.847 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 22:49 on Sat 31 Jan to 20:01 on Sun 1 Feb.", "fact": "1920-01-31T19:49:16Z → 1920-02-01T17:01:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:57–12:45 on the 31st, 11:57–12:45 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 26141 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 1 February. Dvādaśī runs from 22:49 on Sat 31 Jan to 20:01 on Sun 1 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-02-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1514, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T20:01:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z", "ms": -1575183539988.8066 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-02T17:08:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T14:08:00Z", "ms": -1575107519648.189 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T20:01:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z", "ms": -1575183539988.8066 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-02T17:08:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T14:08:00Z", "ms": -1575107519648.189 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-01T17:32:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T14:32:11Z", "ms": -1575192469481.7021 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-01T19:21:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-01T16:21:11Z", "ms": -1575185929375.2476 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-02T17:33:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T14:33:14Z", "ms": -1575106005676.7505 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-02T19:21:59+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-02T16:21:59Z", "ms": -1575099480500.6116 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:01 on Sun 1 Feb to 17:08 on Mon 2 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-01T17:01:00Z → 1920-02-02T14:08:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:32–19:21 on the 1st, 17:33–19:22 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 109 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 109 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1514 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 1 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 1 February. Trayodaśī runs from 20:01 on Sun 1 Feb to 17:08 on Mon 2 Feb, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-02-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 941, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-02-03T14:18:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-03T11:18:34Z", "ms": -1575031285740.1472 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-04T11:42:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-04T08:42:01Z", "ms": -1574954278831.8635 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-03T14:18:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-03T11:18:34Z", "ms": -1575031285740.1472 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-04T11:42:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-04T08:42:01Z", "ms": -1574954278831.8635 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-03T11:57:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-03T08:57:36Z", "ms": -1575039744396.3032 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-03T12:45:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-03T09:45:36Z", "ms": -1575036864396.3032 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-04T11:57:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-04T08:57:43Z", "ms": -1574953337441.7744 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-04T12:45:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-04T09:45:43Z", "ms": -1574950457441.7744 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 14:19 on Tue 3 Feb to 11:42 on Wed 4 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-03T11:18:34Z → 1920-02-04T08:42:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 3rd, 11:58–12:46 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 941 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 4 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Wednesday 4 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 14:19 on Tue 3 Feb to 11:42 on Wed 4 Feb, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-02-07", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33578, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-07T06:45:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-07T03:45:55Z", "ms": -1574712845242.642 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-08T06:32:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-08T03:32:15Z", "ms": -1574627265476.19 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-07T06:45:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-07T03:45:55Z", "ms": -1574712845242.642 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-08T06:32:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-08T03:32:15Z", "ms": -1574627265476.19 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-06T20:10:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-06T17:10:32Z", "ms": -1574750968020.1167 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-06T20:10:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-06T17:10:32Z", "ms": -1574750968020.1167 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-07T21:12:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-07T18:12:36Z", "ms": -1574660843664.9233 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-07T21:12:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-07T18:12:36Z", "ms": -1574660843664.9233 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 06:46 on Sat 7 Feb to 06:32 on Sun 8 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-07T03:45:55Z → 1920-02-08T03:32:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:11 on the 6th and 21:13 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 6th and is on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33578 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 7 February. Caturthī runs from 06:46 on Sat 7 Feb to 06:32 on Sun 8 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-02-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-02-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36597, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-14T18:27:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-14T15:27:36Z", "ms": -1574065944329.249 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-15T20:46:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-15T17:46:19Z", "ms": -1573971221016.0598 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-14T18:27:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-14T15:27:36Z", "ms": -1574065944329.249 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-15T20:46:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-15T17:46:19Z", "ms": -1573971221016.0598 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-15T06:57:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-15T03:57:22Z", "ms": -1574020958130.8806 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-15T06:57:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-15T03:57:22Z", "ms": -1574020958130.8806 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-16T06:56:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1573934624176.1355 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-16T06:56:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T03:56:16Z", "ms": -1573934624176.1355 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:28 on Sat 14 Feb to 20:46 on Sun 15 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-14T15:27:36Z → 1920-02-15T17:46:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:57 on the 15th and 06:56 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 15th and is not on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36597 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 15 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 15 February. Ekādaśī runs from 18:28 on Sat 14 Feb to 20:46 on Sun 15 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-02-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-disputed" ], "boundary_margin_s": 436, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-17T23:50:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z", "ms": -1573787389516.512 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-19T00:28:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-18T21:28:58Z", "ms": -1573698661547.0588 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-17T23:50:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z", "ms": -1573787389516.512 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-19T00:28:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-18T21:28:58Z", "ms": -1573698661547.0588 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-17T23:57:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:57:27Z", "ms": -1573786953042.016 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-18T00:45:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T21:45:27Z", "ms": -1573784073042.016 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-02-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-18T23:57:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-18T20:57:23Z", "ms": -1573700557384.5642 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-19T00:45:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-18T21:45:23Z", "ms": -1573697677384.5642 } }, "covered_min": 32, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 23:50 on Tue 17 Feb to 00:29 on Thu 19 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z → 1920-02-18T21:28:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:57–00:45 on the 17th, 23:57–00:45 on the 18th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 32 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the cited authorities disagree. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: disputed → greater-coverage · margin 436 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-disputed)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahāśivarātri 1920 falls on Tuesday 17 February. Caturdaśī runs from 23:50 on Tue 17 Feb to 00:29 on Thu 19 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the next night for 32 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-02-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10967, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-16T22:35:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T19:35:38Z", "ms": -1573878262056.8245 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-17T23:50:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z", "ms": -1573787389516.512 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-16T22:35:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T19:35:38Z", "ms": -1573878262056.8245 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-17T23:50:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T20:50:10Z", "ms": -1573787389516.512 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-16T17:47:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T14:47:53Z", "ms": -1573895527418.33 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-16T19:32:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-16T16:32:51Z", "ms": -1573889229278.5852 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-17T17:48:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T14:48:54Z", "ms": -1573809066401.6829 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-17T19:33:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-17T16:33:34Z", "ms": -1573802785505.7717 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:36 on Mon 16 Feb to 23:50 on Tue 17 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-16T19:35:38Z → 1920-02-17T20:50:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:48–19:33 on the 16th, 17:49–19:34 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 105 minutes on the 16th and 105 of 105 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10967 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 17 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 17 February. Trayodaśī runs from 22:36 on Mon 16 Feb to 23:50 on Tue 17 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-02-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-02-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29369, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-22T22:16:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-22T19:16:22Z", "ms": -1573361017648.4646 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-23T20:54:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-23T17:54:57Z", "ms": -1573279502538.93 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-22T22:16:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-22T19:16:22Z", "ms": -1573361017648.4646 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-23T20:54:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-23T17:54:57Z", "ms": -1573279502538.93 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-22T11:57:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-22T08:57:35Z", "ms": -1573398144782.5688 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-22T12:45:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-22T09:45:35Z", "ms": -1573395264782.5688 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-23T11:57:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-23T08:57:28Z", "ms": -1573311751980.771 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-23T12:45:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-23T09:45:28Z", "ms": -1573308871980.771 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:16 on Sun 22 Feb to 20:55 on Mon 23 Feb.", "fact": "1920-02-22T19:16:22Z → 1920-02-23T17:54:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 22nd, 11:57–12:45 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29369 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Monday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Monday 23 February. Caturthī runs from 22:16 on Sun 22 Feb to 20:55 on Mon 23 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-02-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2543, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-02-29T09:32:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-29T06:32:57Z", "ms": -1572802023284.8525 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-01T07:21:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T04:21:28Z", "ms": -1572723512272.925 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-02-29T09:32:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-29T06:32:57Z", "ms": -1572802023284.8525 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-01T07:21:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T04:21:28Z", "ms": -1572723512272.925 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-02-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-02-29T06:40:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-29T03:40:24Z", "ms": -1572812376370.1316 }, "end": { "local": "1920-02-29T06:40:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-02-29T03:40:24Z", "ms": -1572812376370.1316 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-01T06:39:04+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T03:39:04Z", "ms": -1572726055757.2922 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-01T06:39:04+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T03:39:04Z", "ms": -1572726055757.2922 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:33 on Sun 29 Feb to 07:21 on Mon 1 Mar.", "fact": "1920-02-29T06:32:57Z → 1920-03-01T04:21:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:40 on the 29th and 06:39 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2543 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Monday 1 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Monday 1 March. Ekādaśī runs from 09:33 on Sun 29 Feb to 07:21 on Mon 1 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27071, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-02T05:13:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-02T02:13:15Z", "ms": -1572644805149.7634 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T03:14:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T00:14:14Z", "ms": -1572565545678.4822 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-02T05:13:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-02T02:13:15Z", "ms": -1572644805149.7634 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T03:14:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T00:14:14Z", "ms": -1572565545678.4822 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-01T18:01:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T15:01:36Z", "ms": -1572685103561.541 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-01T19:42:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-01T16:42:25Z", "ms": -1572679054534.9521 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-02T18:02:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-02T15:02:33Z", "ms": -1572598647327.2234 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-02T19:43:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-02T16:43:03Z", "ms": -1572592616570.3496 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:13 on Tue 2 Mar to 03:14 on Wed 3 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-02T02:13:15Z → 1920-03-03T00:14:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:02–19:42 on the 1st, 18:03–19:43 on the 2nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 1st and 101 of 101 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27071 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 2 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 2 March. Trayodaśī runs from 05:13 on Tue 2 Mar to 03:14 on Wed 3 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22068, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T01:31:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z", "ms": -1572485316175.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T00:12:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T01:31:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z", "ms": -1572485316175.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T00:12:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-03T15:46:04+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T12:46:04Z", "ms": -1572520436467.1409 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T18:03:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T15:03:29Z", "ms": -1572512191421.2583 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 137, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T15:46:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T12:46:32Z", "ms": -1572434008283.556 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-04T18:04:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T15:04:24Z", "ms": -1572425735832.2405 } }, "covered_min": 138, "window_min": 138, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 01:31 on Thu 4 Mar to 00:12 on Fri 5 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z → 1920-03-04T21:12:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:46–18:03 on the 3rd, 15:47–18:04 on the 4th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 137 minutes on the 3rd and 138 of 138 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22068 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 4 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Holikā Dahana 1920 falls on Thursday 4 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 01:31 on Thu 4 Mar to 00:12 on Fri 5 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22068, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T01:31:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z", "ms": -1572485316175.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T00:12:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T01:31:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z", "ms": -1572485316175.1711 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T00:12:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-03T15:46:04+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T12:46:04Z", "ms": -1572520436467.1409 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-03T18:03:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-03T15:03:29Z", "ms": -1572512191421.2583 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 137, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-04T15:46:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T12:46:32Z", "ms": -1572434008283.556 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-04T18:04:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T15:04:24Z", "ms": -1572425735832.2405 } }, "covered_min": 138, "window_min": 138, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1920-03-04", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 01:31 on Thu 4 Mar to 00:12 on Fri 5 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-03T22:31:24Z → 1920-03-04T21:12:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:46–18:03 on the 3rd, 15:47–18:04 on the 4th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 137 minutes on the 3rd and 138 of 138 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22068 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Thursday 4 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 5 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Holī 1920 falls on Friday 5 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Thursday 4 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 01:31 on Thu 4 Mar to 00:12 on Fri 5 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 4th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22888, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-05T00:12:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T23:23:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-05T20:23:58Z", "ms": -1572320162248.2576 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-05T00:12:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z", "ms": -1572403667677.73 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T23:23:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-05T20:23:58Z", "ms": -1572320162248.2576 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-05T06:33:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-05T03:33:40Z", "ms": -1572380780142.425 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-05T06:33:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-05T03:33:40Z", "ms": -1572380780142.425 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-06T06:32:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-06T03:32:17Z", "ms": -1572294462777.4604 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-06T06:32:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-06T03:32:17Z", "ms": -1572294462777.4604 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 00:12 on Fri 5 Mar to 23:24 on Fri 5 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-04T21:12:12Z → 1920-03-05T20:23:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:34 on the 5th and 06:32 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22888 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Mosul, 1920: Friday 5 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vasantotsava 1920 falls on Friday 5 March. Pratipadā runs from 00:12 on Fri 5 Mar to 23:24 on Fri 5 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-03-08", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9985, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-07T23:42:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-07T20:42:55Z", "ms": -1572146224961.0906 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-09T00:54:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-08T21:54:42Z", "ms": -1572055517898.9893 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-07T23:42:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-07T20:42:55Z", "ms": -1572146224961.0906 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-09T00:54:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-08T21:54:42Z", "ms": -1572055517898.9893 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-07T20:56:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-07T17:56:30Z", "ms": -1572156210376.8137 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-07T20:56:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-07T17:56:30Z", "ms": -1572156210376.8137 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-08T21:54:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-08T18:54:53Z", "ms": -1572066306525.1448 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-08T21:54:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-08T18:54:53Z", "ms": -1572066306525.1448 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:43 on Sun 7 Mar to 00:55 on Tue 9 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-07T20:42:55Z → 1920-03-08T21:54:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:56 on the 7th and 21:55 on the 8th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9985 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Monday 8 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Monday 8 March. Caturthī runs from 23:43 on Sun 7 Mar to 00:55 on Tue 9 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-03-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5986, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-12T07:38:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-12T04:38:15Z", "ms": -1571772104541.5737 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-13T10:13:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-13T07:13:43Z", "ms": -1571676376847.7676 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-12T07:38:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-12T04:38:15Z", "ms": -1571772104541.5737 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-13T10:13:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-13T07:13:43Z", "ms": -1571676376847.7676 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-12T11:53:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-12T08:53:45Z", "ms": -1571756775004.6814 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-12T12:41:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-12T09:41:45Z", "ms": -1571753895004.6814 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-13T11:53:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-13T08:53:29Z", "ms": -1571670391260.3594 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-13T12:41:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-13T09:41:29Z", "ms": -1571667511260.3594 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 07:38 on Fri 12 Mar to 10:14 on Sat 13 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-12T04:38:15Z → 1920-03-13T07:13:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 12th, 11:53–12:41 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5986 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 12 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śītalāṣṭamī 1920 falls on Friday 12 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 07:38 on Fri 12 Mar to 10:14 on Sat 13 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29153, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-15T14:25:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-15T11:25:26Z", "ms": -1571488473927.2341 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-16T15:39:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-16T12:39:22Z", "ms": -1571397638178.5476 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-15T14:25:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-15T11:25:26Z", "ms": -1571488473927.2341 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-16T15:39:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-16T12:39:22Z", "ms": -1571397638178.5476 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-15T06:19:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-15T03:19:33Z", "ms": -1571517627202.0337 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-15T06:19:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-15T03:19:33Z", "ms": -1571517627202.0337 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-16T06:18:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-16T03:18:06Z", "ms": -1571431313856.5408 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-16T06:18:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-16T03:18:06Z", "ms": -1571431313856.5408 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:25 on Mon 15 Mar to 15:39 on Tue 16 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-15T11:25:26Z → 1920-03-16T12:39:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:20 on the 15th and 06:18 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29153 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 16 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Tuesday 16 March. Ekādaśī runs from 14:25 on Mon 15 Mar to 15:39 on Tue 16 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7474, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-17T16:11:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-17T13:11:30Z", "ms": -1571309310434.5527 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-18T16:02:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z", "ms": -1571223475071.2297 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-17T16:11:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-17T13:11:30Z", "ms": -1571309310434.5527 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-18T16:02:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z", "ms": -1571223475071.2297 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-17T18:16:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-17T15:16:03Z", "ms": -1571301836702.1863 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-17T19:51:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-17T16:51:56Z", "ms": -1571296083519.7124 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-18T18:16:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T15:16:56Z", "ms": -1571215384372.1338 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-18T19:52:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T16:52:30Z", "ms": -1571209649802.4458 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:11 on Wed 17 Mar to 16:02 on Thu 18 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-17T13:11:30Z → 1920-03-18T13:02:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:16–19:52 on the 17th, 18:17–19:53 on the 18th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 96 of 96 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 96 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 7474 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 17 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 17 March. Trayodaśī runs from 16:11 on Wed 17 Mar to 16:02 on Thu 18 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-03-18", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28155, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-18T16:02:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z", "ms": -1571223475071.2297 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-19T15:14:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-19T12:14:47Z", "ms": -1571139913090.614 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-18T16:02:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z", "ms": -1571223475071.2297 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-19T15:14:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-19T12:14:47Z", "ms": -1571139913090.614 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-18T23:51:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T20:51:20Z", "ms": -1571195319735.8042 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-19T00:39:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-18T21:39:20Z", "ms": -1571192439735.8042 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-19T23:51:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-19T20:51:03Z", "ms": -1571108937359.7744 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-20T00:39:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-19T21:39:03Z", "ms": -1571106057359.7744 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:02 on Thu 18 Mar to 15:15 on Fri 19 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-18T13:02:05Z → 1920-03-19T12:14:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:51–00:39 on the 18th, 23:51–00:39 on the 19th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28155 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 18 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Thursday 18 March. Caturdaśī runs from 16:02 on Thu 18 Mar to 15:15 on Fri 19 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-03-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1183, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-20T13:55:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-20T10:55:25Z", "ms": -1571058274822.5566 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-21T12:10:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-21T09:10:54Z", "ms": -1570978146039.5999 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-20T13:55:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-20T10:55:25Z", "ms": -1571058274822.5566 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-21T12:10:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-21T09:10:54Z", "ms": -1570978146039.5999 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-20T11:51:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-20T08:51:29Z", "ms": -1571065711355.314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-20T12:39:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-20T09:39:29Z", "ms": -1571062831355.314 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-21T11:51:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-21T08:51:11Z", "ms": -1570979329194.3018 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-21T12:39:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-21T09:39:11Z", "ms": -1570976449194.3018 } }, "covered_min": 20, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 13:55 on Sat 20 Mar to 12:11 on Sun 21 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-20T10:55:25Z → 1920-03-21T09:10:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 20th, 11:51–12:39 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 20 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1183 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Mosul, 1920: Sunday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1920 falls on Sunday 21 March. Pratipadā runs from 13:55 on Sat 20 Mar to 12:11 on Sun 21 Mar and covers 20 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6153, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T10:08:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z", "ms": -1570899100334.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T07:54:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T10:08:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z", "ms": -1570899100334.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T07:54:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T11:50:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T08:50:53Z", "ms": -1570892947153.6736 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-22T12:38:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T09:38:53Z", "ms": -1570890067153.6736 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T11:50:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T08:50:35Z", "ms": -1570806565217.5146 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:38:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T09:38:35Z", "ms": -1570803685217.5146 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 10:08 on Mon 22 Mar to 07:54 on Tue 23 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z → 1920-03-23T04:54:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 22nd, 11:51–12:39 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6153 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1920: Monday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1920 falls on Monday 22 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 10:08 on Mon 22 Mar to 07:54 on Tue 23 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6153, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T10:08:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z", "ms": -1570899100334.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T07:54:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T10:08:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z", "ms": -1570899100334.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T07:54:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-22T11:50:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T08:50:53Z", "ms": -1570892947153.6736 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-22T12:38:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-22T09:38:53Z", "ms": -1570890067153.6736 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T11:50:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T08:50:35Z", "ms": -1570806565217.5146 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:38:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T09:38:35Z", "ms": -1570803685217.5146 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 10:08 on Mon 22 Mar to 07:54 on Tue 23 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-22T07:08:20Z → 1920-03-23T04:54:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 22nd, 11:51–12:39 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6153 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Monday 22 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 22 March. Tṛtīyā runs from 10:08 on Mon 22 Mar to 07:54 on Tue 23 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-03-23", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14171, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T07:54:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-24T05:34:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z", "ms": -1570742703182.2478 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T07:54:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z", "ms": -1570820736644.6377 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-24T05:34:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z", "ms": -1570742703182.2478 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-23T11:50:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T08:50:35Z", "ms": -1570806565217.5146 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-23T12:38:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-23T09:38:35Z", "ms": -1570803685217.5146 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-24T11:50:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T08:50:17Z", "ms": -1570720183369.6655 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-24T12:38:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T09:38:17Z", "ms": -1570717303369.6655 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 07:54 on Tue 23 Mar to 05:35 on Wed 24 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-23T04:54:23Z → 1920-03-24T02:34:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:51–12:39 on the 23rd, 11:50–12:38 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14171 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 23 March. Caturthī runs from 07:54 on Tue 23 Mar to 05:35 on Wed 24 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-03-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22520, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-24T05:34:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z", "ms": -1570742703182.2478 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-25T03:14:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-25T00:14:51Z", "ms": -1570664709243.381 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-24T05:34:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z", "ms": -1570742703182.2478 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-25T03:14:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-25T00:14:51Z", "ms": -1570664709243.381 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-24T11:50:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T08:50:17Z", "ms": -1570720183369.6655 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-24T12:38:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-24T09:38:17Z", "ms": -1570717303369.6655 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-25T11:49:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-25T08:49:58Z", "ms": -1570633801593.3901 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-25T12:37:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-25T09:37:58Z", "ms": -1570630921593.3901 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 05:35 on Wed 24 Mar to 03:15 on Thu 25 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-24T02:34:57Z → 1920-03-25T00:14:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:50–12:38 on the 24th, 11:50–12:38 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 22520 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1920 falls on Wednesday 24 March. Pañcamī runs from 05:35 on Wed 24 Mar to 03:15 on Thu 25 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29234, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-26T22:47:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-26T19:47:02Z", "ms": -1570507977637.3435 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-27T20:44:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z", "ms": -1570428924241.7786 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-26T22:47:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-26T19:47:02Z", "ms": -1570507977637.3435 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-27T20:44:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z", "ms": -1570428924241.7786 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-26T11:49:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-26T08:49:40Z", "ms": -1570547419871.1118 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-26T12:37:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-26T09:37:40Z", "ms": -1570544539871.1118 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-27T11:49:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T08:49:22Z", "ms": -1570461038184.249 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-27T12:37:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T09:37:22Z", "ms": -1570458158184.249 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 22:47 on Fri 26 Mar to 20:45 on Sat 27 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-26T19:47:02Z → 1920-03-27T17:44:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:50–12:38 on the 26th, 11:49–12:37 on the 27th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29234 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 27 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bhavānī Utpatti 1920 falls on Saturday 27 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 22:47 on Fri 26 Mar to 20:45 on Sat 27 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22536, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-27T20:44:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z", "ms": -1570428924241.7786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-28T18:52:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T15:52:39Z", "ms": -1570349240713.5432 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-27T20:44:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z", "ms": -1570428924241.7786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-28T18:52:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T15:52:39Z", "ms": -1570349240713.5432 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-27T11:49:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T08:49:22Z", "ms": -1570461038184.249 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-27T12:37:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-27T09:37:22Z", "ms": -1570458158184.249 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-28T11:49:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T08:49:03Z", "ms": -1570374656513.1675 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-28T12:37:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-28T09:37:03Z", "ms": -1570371776513.1675 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 20:45 on Sat 27 Mar to 18:53 on Sun 28 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-27T17:44:36Z → 1920-03-28T15:52:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 27th, 11:49–12:37 on the 28th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 48 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22536 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 28 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rāma Navamī 1920 falls on Sunday 28 March. Navamī runs from 20:45 on Sat 27 Mar to 18:53 on Sun 28 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-30", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35507, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-29T17:13:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-29T14:13:25Z", "ms": -1570268795155.675 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-30T15:49:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-30T12:49:28Z", "ms": -1570187432062.4954 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-29T17:13:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-29T14:13:25Z", "ms": -1570268795155.675 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-30T15:49:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-30T12:49:28Z", "ms": -1570187432062.4954 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-29T05:59:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-29T02:59:08Z", "ms": -1570309251550.3088 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-29T05:59:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-29T02:59:08Z", "ms": -1570309251550.3088 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-30T05:57:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-30T02:57:41Z", "ms": -1570222938972.0156 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-30T05:57:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-30T02:57:41Z", "ms": -1570222938972.0156 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:13 on Mon 29 Mar to 15:49 on Tue 30 Mar.", "fact": "1920-03-29T14:13:25Z → 1920-03-30T12:49:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:59 on the 29th and 05:58 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 29th and is on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35507 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Tuesday 30 March. Ekādaśī runs from 17:13 on Mon 29 Mar to 15:49 on Tue 30 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-03-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-31", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-03-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13448, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T14:43:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z", "ms": -1570104964163.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T14:00:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T14:43:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z", "ms": -1570104964163.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T14:00:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T18:28:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T15:28:03Z", "ms": -1570091516532.8179 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-31T19:59:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T16:59:37Z", "ms": -1570086022769.6729 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T18:28:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T15:28:54Z", "ms": -1570005065814.9412 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T20:00:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T17:00:10Z", "ms": -1569999590394.5466 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:44 on Wed 31 Mar to 14:00 on Thu 1 Apr.", "fact": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z → 1920-04-01T11:00:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:28–20:00 on the 31st, 18:29–20:00 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 91 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13448 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 31 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-03-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 31 March. Trayodaśī runs from 14:44 on Wed 31 Mar to 14:00 on Thu 1 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-03-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5074, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T14:43:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z", "ms": -1570104964163.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T14:00:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T14:43:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z", "ms": -1570104964163.3582 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T14:00:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-03-31T11:48:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T08:48:09Z", "ms": -1570115511384.1108 }, "end": { "local": "1920-03-31T12:36:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-03-31T09:36:09Z", "ms": -1570112631384.1108 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T11:47:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T08:47:50Z", "ms": -1570029129562.086 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T12:35:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T09:35:50Z", "ms": -1570026249562.086 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:44 on Wed 31 Mar to 14:00 on Thu 1 Apr.", "fact": "1920-03-31T11:43:56Z → 1920-04-01T11:00:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 31st, 11:48–12:36 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 5074 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 1 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 1 April. Trayodaśī runs from 14:44 on Wed 31 Mar to 14:00 on Thu 1 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4029, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T14:00:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-02T13:42:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z", "ms": -1569935838406.404 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T14:00:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z", "ms": -1570021175685.27 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-02T13:42:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z", "ms": -1569935838406.404 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-01T11:47:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T08:47:50Z", "ms": -1570029129562.086 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-01T12:35:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-01T09:35:50Z", "ms": -1570026249562.086 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-02T11:47:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T08:47:32Z", "ms": -1569942747646.0088 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-02T12:35:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T09:35:32Z", "ms": -1569939867646.0088 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:00 on Thu 1 Apr to 13:43 on Fri 2 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-01T11:00:24Z → 1920-04-02T10:42:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 1st, 11:48–12:36 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4029 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 2 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1920 falls on Friday 2 April. Caturdaśī runs from 14:00 on Thu 1 Apr to 13:43 on Fri 2 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4029, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-04-02T13:42:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z", "ms": -1569935838406.404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-03T13:54:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-03T10:54:19Z", "ms": -1569848740749.6711 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-02T13:42:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z", "ms": -1569935838406.404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-03T13:54:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-03T10:54:19Z", "ms": -1569848740749.6711 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-02T11:47:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T08:47:32Z", "ms": -1569942747646.0088 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-02T12:35:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-02T09:35:32Z", "ms": -1569939867646.0088 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-03T11:47:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-03T08:47:14Z", "ms": -1569856365613.0435 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-03T12:35:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-03T09:35:14Z", "ms": -1569853485613.0435 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 13:43 on Fri 2 Apr to 13:54 on Sat 3 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-02T10:42:42Z → 1920-04-03T10:54:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 2nd, 11:47–12:35 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4029 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Saturday 3 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 13:43 on Fri 2 Apr to 13:54 on Sat 3 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-04-06", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9322, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-06T17:40:59+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-06T14:40:59Z", "ms": -1569575941427.2214 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-07T19:53:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-07T16:53:21Z", "ms": -1569481598788.8555 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-06T17:40:59+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-06T14:40:59Z", "ms": -1569575941427.2214 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-07T19:53:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-07T16:53:21Z", "ms": -1569481598788.8555 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-06T21:35:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-06T18:35:34Z", "ms": -1569561866450.4712 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-06T21:35:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-06T18:35:34Z", "ms": -1569561866450.4712 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-07T22:28:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-07T19:28:43Z", "ms": -1569472276928.7495 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-07T22:28:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-07T19:28:43Z", "ms": -1569472276928.7495 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:41 on Tue 6 Apr to 19:53 on Wed 7 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-06T14:40:59Z → 1920-04-07T16:53:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:36 on the 6th and 22:29 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9322 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 6 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 6 April. Caturthī runs from 17:41 on Tue 6 Apr to 19:53 on Wed 7 Apr and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-04-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10740, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1920-04-13T02:38:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T23:38:49Z", "ms": -1569025271438.2793 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-13T23:40:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T20:40:30Z", "ms": -1566357570165.969 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1920-04-13T02:38:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T23:38:49Z", "ms": -1569025271438.2793 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-13T02:38:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T23:38:49Z", "ms": -1569025271438.2793 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-12T05:39:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-12T02:39:10Z", "ms": -1569100849573.361 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-13T05:37:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-13T02:37:48Z", "ms": -1569014531917.2297 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-13T05:37:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-13T02:37:48Z", "ms": -1569014531917.2297 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-14T05:36:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T02:36:26Z", "ms": -1568928213667.5789 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 02:39 on Tue 13 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-12T23:38:49Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:39 on the 12th, and from 05:38 on the 13th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 12th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 10740 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Mosul, 1920: Monday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1920-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1920-04-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vaiśākhī 1920 falls on Monday 12 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 02:39 on Tue 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. Counted from midnight, or by the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 13 April.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-04-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6902, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-14T07:31:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T04:31:28Z", "ms": -1568921312023.3735 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-15T07:30:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T04:30:07Z", "ms": -1568834992978.243 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-14T07:31:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T04:31:28Z", "ms": -1568921312023.3735 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-15T07:30:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T04:30:07Z", "ms": -1568834992978.243 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-14T05:36:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T02:36:26Z", "ms": -1568928213667.5789 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-14T05:36:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-14T02:36:26Z", "ms": -1568928213667.5789 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-15T05:35:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T02:35:05Z", "ms": -1568841894795.404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-15T05:35:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T02:35:05Z", "ms": -1568841894795.404 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:31 on Wed 14 Apr to 07:30 on Thu 15 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-14T04:31:28Z → 1920-04-15T04:30:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:36 on the 14th and 05:35 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6902 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 15 April. Ekādaśī runs from 07:31 on Wed 14 Apr to 07:30 on Thu 15 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-04-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-04-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32852, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-16T06:43:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T03:43:39Z", "ms": -1568751380763.6067 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-17T05:15:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z", "ms": -1568670244450.7075 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-16T06:43:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T03:43:39Z", "ms": -1568751380763.6067 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-17T05:15:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z", "ms": -1568670244450.7075 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-15T18:40:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T15:40:46Z", "ms": -1568794754117.1584 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-15T20:07:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-15T17:07:50Z", "ms": -1568789530271.1914 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-16T18:41:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T15:41:37Z", "ms": -1568708302869.9177 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-16T20:08:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T17:08:24Z", "ms": -1568703096496.7505 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:44 on Fri 16 Apr to 05:16 on Sat 17 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-16T03:43:39Z → 1920-04-17T02:15:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:41–20:08 on the 15th, 18:42–20:08 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 87 minutes on the 15th and 87 of 87 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32852 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Friday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Friday 16 April. Trayodaśī runs from 06:44 on Fri 16 Apr to 05:16 on Sat 17 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-04-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-04-17", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9739, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-17T05:15:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z", "ms": -1568670244450.7075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-18T03:13:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-18T00:13:06Z", "ms": -1568591214308.9048 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-17T05:15:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z", "ms": -1568670244450.7075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-18T03:13:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-18T00:13:06Z", "ms": -1568591214308.9048 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-16T23:43:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T20:43:01Z", "ms": -1568690218970.541 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-17T00:31:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-16T21:31:01Z", "ms": -1568687338970.541 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-17T23:42:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T20:42:47Z", "ms": -1568603832861.2595 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-18T00:30:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-17T21:30:47Z", "ms": -1568600952861.2595 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:16 on Sat 17 Apr to 03:13 on Sun 18 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-17T02:15:56Z → 1920-04-18T00:13:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:43–00:31 on the 16th, 23:43–00:31 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9739 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 17 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Saturday 17 April. Caturdaśī runs from 05:16 on Sat 17 Apr to 03:13 on Sun 18 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-04-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 442, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T18:52:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1568362055256.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T15:48:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T18:52:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1568362055256.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T15:48:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T18:45:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:45:03Z", "ms": -1568362497279.5212 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-20T20:10:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T17:10:40Z", "ms": -1568357359904.5369 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T18:45:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T15:45:54Z", "ms": -1568276045765.0305 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T20:11:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T17:11:15Z", "ms": -1568270925395.258 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 85, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:52 on Tue 20 Apr to 15:49 on Wed 21 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z → 1920-04-21T12:48:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:45–20:11 on the 20th, 18:46–20:11 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 78 of 86 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 85 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 442 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1920 falls on Tuesday 20 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:52 on Tue 20 Apr to 15:49 on Wed 21 Apr and covers 78 of 86 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21325, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T18:52:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1568362055256.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T15:48:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T18:52:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z", "ms": -1568362055256.6707 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T15:48:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-20T05:28:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T02:28:30Z", "ms": -1568410290137.9526 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-20T09:54:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-20T06:54:01Z", "ms": -1568394359185.142 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 266, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T05:27:13+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T02:27:13Z", "ms": -1568323966967.1384 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T09:53:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T06:53:27Z", "ms": -1568307993233.1025 } }, "covered_min": 266, "window_min": 266, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 18:52 on Tue 20 Apr to 15:49 on Wed 21 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-20T15:52:25Z → 1920-04-21T12:48:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:28–09:54 on the 20th, 05:27–09:53 on the 21st.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 266 minutes on the 20th and 266 of 266 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21325 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1920 falls on Wednesday 21 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 18:52 on Tue 20 Apr to 15:49 on Wed 21 Apr and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-04-22", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1172, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T15:48:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T12:49:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z", "ms": -1568211006391.4165 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T15:48:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z", "ms": -1568286668082.4197 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T12:49:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z", "ms": -1568211006391.4165 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-21T11:42:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T08:42:34Z", "ms": -1568301446366.0845 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-21T12:30:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-21T09:30:34Z", "ms": -1568298566366.0845 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T11:42:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T08:42:21Z", "ms": -1568215058606.3376 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T12:30:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:30:21Z", "ms": -1568212178606.3376 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:49 on Wed 21 Apr to 12:50 on Thu 22 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-21T12:48:52Z → 1920-04-22T09:49:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 21st, 11:42–12:30 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1172 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 22 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Thursday 22 April. Caturthī runs from 15:49 on Wed 21 Apr to 12:50 on Thu 22 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-04-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1172, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T12:49:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z", "ms": -1568211006391.4165 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-23T10:02:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-23T07:02:11Z", "ms": -1568134668833.7468 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T12:49:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z", "ms": -1568211006391.4165 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-23T10:02:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-23T07:02:11Z", "ms": -1568134668833.7468 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-22T11:42:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T08:42:21Z", "ms": -1568215058606.3376 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-22T12:30:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-22T09:30:21Z", "ms": -1568212178606.3376 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-23T11:42:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-23T08:42:10Z", "ms": -1568128670421.2285 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-23T12:30:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-23T09:30:10Z", "ms": -1568125790421.2285 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 12:50 on Thu 22 Apr to 10:02 on Fri 23 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-22T09:49:54Z → 1920-04-23T07:02:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 22nd, 11:42–12:30 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 1172 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 23 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1920 falls on Friday 23 April. Pañcamī runs from 12:50 on Thu 22 Apr to 10:02 on Fri 23 Apr, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15030, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-24T07:31:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-24T04:31:28Z", "ms": -1568057311853.6985 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-25T05:22:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-25T02:22:23Z", "ms": -1567978656931.6382 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-24T07:31:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-24T04:31:28Z", "ms": -1568057311853.6985 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-25T05:22:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-25T02:22:23Z", "ms": -1567978656931.6382 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-24T11:41:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-24T08:41:58Z", "ms": -1568042281801.7769 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-24T12:29:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-24T09:29:58Z", "ms": -1568039401801.7769 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-25T11:41:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-25T08:41:47Z", "ms": -1567955892738.1675 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-25T12:29:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-25T09:29:47Z", "ms": -1567953012738.1675 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 07:31 on Sat 24 Apr to 05:22 on Sun 25 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-24T04:31:28Z → 1920-04-25T02:22:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 24th, 11:42–12:30 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15030 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 24 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1920 falls on Saturday 24 April. Saptamī runs from 07:31 on Sat 24 Apr to 05:22 on Sun 25 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-04-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13454, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T01:34:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-27T22:34:26Z", "ms": -1567733134398.3315 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T01:16:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T01:34:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-27T22:34:26Z", "ms": -1567733134398.3315 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T01:16:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-28T05:18:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T02:18:39Z", "ms": -1567719680738.6614 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-28T05:18:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T02:18:39Z", "ms": -1567719680738.6614 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T05:17:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T02:17:30Z", "ms": -1567633350361.7312 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T05:17:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T02:17:30Z", "ms": -1567633350361.7312 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:34 on Wed 28 Apr to 01:16 on Thu 29 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-27T22:34:26Z → 1920-04-28T22:16:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:19 on the 28th and 05:17 on the 29th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13454 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 28 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 28 April. Ekādaśī runs from 01:34 on Wed 28 Apr to 01:16 on Thu 29 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-04-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36819, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T01:16:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T01:27:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T01:16:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T01:27:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T11:41:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T08:41:08Z", "ms": -1567610331822.9175 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T12:29:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T09:29:08Z", "ms": -1567607451822.9175 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T11:41:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T08:41:00Z", "ms": -1567523940371.2952 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T12:29:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T09:29:00Z", "ms": -1567521060371.2952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:16 on Thu 29 Apr to 01:27 on Fri 30 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z → 1920-04-29T22:27:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 29th, 11:41–12:29 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36819 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 29 April. Dvādaśī runs from 01:16 on Thu 29 Apr to 01:27 on Fri 30 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36819, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T01:16:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T01:27:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T01:16:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z", "ms": -1567647824498.476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T01:27:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T11:41:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T08:41:08Z", "ms": -1567610331822.9175 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T12:29:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T09:29:08Z", "ms": -1567607451822.9175 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T11:41:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T08:41:00Z", "ms": -1567523940371.2952 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T12:29:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T09:29:00Z", "ms": -1567521060371.2952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:16 on Thu 29 Apr to 01:27 on Fri 30 Apr.", "fact": "1920-04-28T22:16:16Z → 1920-04-29T22:27:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 29th, 11:41–12:29 on the 30th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36819 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 29 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 29 April. Dvādaśī runs from 01:16 on Thu 29 Apr to 01:27 on Fri 30 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-04-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-04-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18686, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T01:27:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-01T02:07:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z", "ms": -1567471977548.8074 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T01:27:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z", "ms": -1567560759025.731 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-01T02:07:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z", "ms": -1567471977548.8074 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-29T18:52:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T15:52:47Z", "ms": -1567584433284.104 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-29T20:15:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-29T17:15:55Z", "ms": -1567579444706.5217 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T18:53:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T15:53:38Z", "ms": -1567497981790.354 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T20:16:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T17:16:31Z", "ms": -1567493009082.263 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:27 on Fri 30 Apr to 02:07 on Sat 1 May.", "fact": "1920-04-29T22:27:21Z → 1920-04-30T23:07:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:53–20:16 on the 29th, 18:54–20:17 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 29th and 83 of 83 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18686 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Friday 30 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-04-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Friday 30 April. Trayodaśī runs from 01:27 on Fri 30 Apr to 02:07 on Sat 1 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-04-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21032, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-01T02:07:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z", "ms": -1567471977548.8074 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-02T03:14:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-01T02:07:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z", "ms": -1567471977548.8074 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-02T03:14:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-04-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-04-30T18:53:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T15:53:38Z", "ms": -1567497981790.354 }, "end": { "local": "1920-04-30T20:16:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-04-30T17:16:31Z", "ms": -1567493009082.263 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-01T18:54:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-01T15:54:30Z", "ms": -1567411530335.5308 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-01T20:17:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-01T17:17:07Z", "ms": -1567406573345.9246 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 02:07 on Sat 1 May to 03:14 on Sun 2 May.", "fact": "1920-04-30T23:07:02Z → 1920-05-02T00:14:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:54–20:17 on the 30th, 18:54–20:17 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 30th and 83 of 83 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 21032 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 1 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1920 falls on Saturday 1 May. Caturdaśī runs from 02:07 on Sat 1 May to 03:14 on Sun 2 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24824, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T03:14:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T04:46:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T01:46:53Z", "ms": -1567289586713.107 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T03:14:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T04:46:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T01:46:53Z", "ms": -1567289586713.107 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T11:40:44+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T08:40:44Z", "ms": -1567351155920.9536 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-02T12:28:44+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T09:28:44Z", "ms": -1567348275920.9536 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-03T11:40:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T08:40:37Z", "ms": -1567264762901.0698 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T12:28:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T09:28:37Z", "ms": -1567261882901.0698 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:14 on Sun 2 May to 04:47 on Mon 3 May.", "fact": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z → 1920-05-03T01:46:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 2nd, 11:41–12:29 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24824 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Sunday 2 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:14 on Sun 2 May to 04:47 on Mon 3 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24824, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T03:14:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T04:46:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T01:46:53Z", "ms": -1567289586713.107 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T03:14:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z", "ms": -1567381550178.6406 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T04:46:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T01:46:53Z", "ms": -1567289586713.107 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-02T11:40:44+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T08:40:44Z", "ms": -1567351155920.9536 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-02T12:28:44+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-02T09:28:44Z", "ms": -1567348275920.9536 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-03T11:40:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T08:40:37Z", "ms": -1567264762901.0698 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-03T12:28:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-03T09:28:37Z", "ms": -1567261882901.0698 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:14 on Sun 2 May to 04:47 on Mon 3 May.", "fact": "1920-05-02T00:14:10Z → 1920-05-03T01:46:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 2nd, 11:41–12:29 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24824 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 2 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 2 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:14 on Sun 2 May to 04:47 on Mon 3 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-05-06", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31796, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-06T11:23:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-06T08:23:08Z", "ms": -1567006611687.0925 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-07T13:54:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-07T10:54:18Z", "ms": -1566911141733.867 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-06T11:23:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-06T08:23:08Z", "ms": -1567006611687.0925 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-07T13:54:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-07T10:54:18Z", "ms": -1566911141733.867 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-06T22:00:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-06T19:00:15Z", "ms": -1566968384854.3381 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-06T22:00:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-06T19:00:15Z", "ms": -1566968384854.3381 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-07T22:44:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-07T19:44:14Z", "ms": -1566879346134.0696 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-07T22:44:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-07T19:44:14Z", "ms": -1566879346134.0696 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:23 on Thu 6 May to 13:54 on Fri 7 May.", "fact": "1920-05-06T08:23:08Z → 1920-05-07T10:54:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:00 on the 6th and 22:44 on the 7th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 6th and is not on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31796 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 6 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Thursday 6 May. Caturthī runs from 11:23 on Thu 6 May to 13:54 on Fri 7 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-05-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-05-14", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27824, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-13T21:18:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T18:18:42Z", "ms": -1566366077794.2922 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-14T20:09:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-14T17:09:11Z", "ms": -1566283849198.2944 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-13T21:18:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-13T18:18:42Z", "ms": -1566366077794.2922 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-14T20:09:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-14T17:09:11Z", "ms": -1566283849198.2944 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-14T05:02:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-14T02:02:26Z", "ms": -1566338254007.618 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-14T05:02:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-14T02:02:26Z", "ms": -1566338254007.618 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-15T05:01:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T02:01:36Z", "ms": -1566251903581.0935 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-15T05:01:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T02:01:36Z", "ms": -1566251903581.0935 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:19 on Thu 13 May to 20:09 on Fri 14 May.", "fact": "1920-05-13T18:18:42Z → 1920-05-14T17:09:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:02 on the 14th and 05:02 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 14th and is not on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27824 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Aparā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 14 May. Ekādaśī runs from 21:19 on Thu 13 May to 20:09 on Fri 14 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-05-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-05-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2986, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-15T18:16:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T15:16:32Z", "ms": -1566204207827.011 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-16T15:46:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z", "ms": -1566126814062.858 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-15T18:16:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T15:16:32Z", "ms": -1566204207827.011 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-16T15:46:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z", "ms": -1566126814062.858 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-15T19:06:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T16:06:19Z", "ms": -1566201221494.8723 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-15T20:25:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-15T17:25:34Z", "ms": -1566196465519.4758 } }, "covered_min": 79, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-16T19:07:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T16:07:08Z", "ms": -1566114772477.2473 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-16T20:26:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T17:26:11Z", "ms": -1566110029251.4712 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:17 on Sat 15 May to 15:46 on Sun 16 May.", "fact": "1920-05-15T15:16:32Z → 1920-05-16T12:46:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:06–20:26 on the 15th, 19:07–20:26 on the 16th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 79 of 79 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 79 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2986 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 15 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 15 May. Trayodaśī runs from 18:17 on Sat 15 May to 15:46 on Sun 16 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-05-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-05-16", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28389, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-16T15:46:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z", "ms": -1566126814062.858 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-17T12:46:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-17T09:46:19Z", "ms": -1566051221367.0635 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-16T15:46:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z", "ms": -1566126814062.858 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-17T12:46:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-17T09:46:19Z", "ms": -1566051221367.0635 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-16T23:39:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T20:39:35Z", "ms": -1566098425380.587 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-17T00:27:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-16T21:27:35Z", "ms": -1566095545380.587 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-17T23:39:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-17T20:39:36Z", "ms": -1566012023598.313 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-18T00:27:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-17T21:27:36Z", "ms": -1566009143598.313 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:46 on Sun 16 May to 12:46 on Mon 17 May.", "fact": "1920-05-16T12:46:26Z → 1920-05-17T09:46:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:40–00:28 on the 16th, 23:40–00:28 on the 17th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28389 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 16 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Sunday 16 May. Caturdaśī runs from 15:46 on Sun 16 May to 12:46 on Mon 17 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-05-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33916, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T02:14:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-19T23:14:50Z", "ms": -1565829910178.3816 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-20T22:45:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z", "ms": -1565756075807.485 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T02:14:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-19T23:14:50Z", "ms": -1565829910178.3816 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-20T22:45:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z", "ms": -1565756075807.485 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T11:40:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T08:40:05Z", "ms": -1565795994666.1316 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-20T12:28:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T09:28:05Z", "ms": -1565793114666.1316 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-21T11:40:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T08:40:09Z", "ms": -1565709591475.6145 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-21T12:28:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T09:28:09Z", "ms": -1565706711475.6145 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 02:15 on Thu 20 May to 22:45 on Thu 20 May.", "fact": "1920-05-19T23:14:50Z → 1920-05-20T19:45:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 20th, 11:40–12:28 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33916 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 20 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1920 falls on Thursday 20 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 02:15 on Thu 20 May to 22:45 on Thu 20 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-05-21", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25424, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T22:45:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z", "ms": -1565756075807.485 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-21T19:31:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T16:31:52Z", "ms": -1565681287883.1272 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T22:45:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z", "ms": -1565756075807.485 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-21T19:31:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T16:31:52Z", "ms": -1565681287883.1272 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-20T11:40:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T08:40:05Z", "ms": -1565795994666.1316 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-20T12:28:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-20T09:28:05Z", "ms": -1565793114666.1316 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-21T11:40:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T08:40:09Z", "ms": -1565709591475.6145 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-21T12:28:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-21T09:28:09Z", "ms": -1565706711475.6145 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:45 on Thu 20 May to 19:32 on Fri 21 May.", "fact": "1920-05-20T19:45:24Z → 1920-05-21T16:31:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 20th, 11:40–12:28 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25424 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Friday 21 May. Caturthī runs from 22:45 on Thu 20 May to 19:32 on Fri 21 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-05-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6962, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T16:42:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z", "ms": -1565605050759.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T14:24:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1565526941096.4097 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T16:42:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z", "ms": -1565605050759.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T14:24:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1565526941096.4097 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T11:40:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T08:40:12Z", "ms": -1565623187774.1135 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-22T12:28:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T09:28:12Z", "ms": -1565620307774.1135 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-23T11:40:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T08:40:16Z", "ms": -1565536783572.898 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T12:28:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T09:28:16Z", "ms": -1565533903572.898 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:42 on Sat 22 May to 14:24 on Sun 23 May.", "fact": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z → 1920-05-23T11:24:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 22nd, 11:40–12:28 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6962 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 23 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:42 on Sat 22 May to 14:24 on Sun 23 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6962, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T16:42:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z", "ms": -1565605050759.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T14:24:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1565526941096.4097 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T16:42:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z", "ms": -1565605050759.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T14:24:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T11:24:19Z", "ms": -1565526941096.4097 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-22T11:40:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T08:40:12Z", "ms": -1565623187774.1135 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-22T12:28:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-22T09:28:12Z", "ms": -1565620307774.1135 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-23T11:40:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T08:40:16Z", "ms": -1565536783572.898 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-23T12:28:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-23T09:28:16Z", "ms": -1565533903572.898 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:42 on Sat 22 May to 14:24 on Sun 23 May.", "fact": "1920-05-22T13:42:29Z → 1920-05-23T11:24:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 22nd, 11:40–12:28 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6962 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Mosul, 1920: Sunday 23 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1920 falls on Sunday 23 May. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 16:42 on Sat 22 May to 14:24 on Sun 23 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-05-28", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24311, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-27T11:38:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-27T08:38:52Z", "ms": -1565191267953.5125 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-28T12:33:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z", "ms": -1565101602885.8289 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-27T11:38:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-27T08:38:52Z", "ms": -1565191267953.5125 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-28T12:33:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z", "ms": -1565101602885.8289 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-27T04:53:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-27T01:53:41Z", "ms": -1565215578858.8855 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-27T04:53:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-27T01:53:41Z", "ms": -1565215578858.8855 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-28T04:53:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T01:53:12Z", "ms": -1565129208049.8667 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-28T04:53:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T01:53:12Z", "ms": -1565129208049.8667 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:39 on Thu 27 May to 12:33 on Fri 28 May.", "fact": "1920-05-27T08:38:52Z → 1920-05-28T09:33:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:54 on the 27th and 04:53 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24311 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 28 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 28 May. Ekādaśī runs from 11:39 on Thu 27 May to 12:33 on Fri 28 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-05-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 273, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-28T12:33:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z", "ms": -1565101602885.8289 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-29T13:58:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z", "ms": -1565010094413.4565 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-28T12:33:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z", "ms": -1565101602885.8289 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-29T13:58:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z", "ms": -1565010094413.4565 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-28T11:40:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T08:40:45Z", "ms": -1565104755426.522 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-28T12:28:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-28T09:28:45Z", "ms": -1565101875426.522 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-29T11:40:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T08:40:52Z", "ms": -1565018348437.935 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-29T12:28:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T09:28:52Z", "ms": -1565015468437.935 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 12:33 on Fri 28 May to 13:58 on Sat 29 May.", "fact": "1920-05-28T09:33:17Z → 1920-05-29T10:58:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 28th, 11:41–12:29 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 273 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 29 May. Dvādaśī runs from 12:33 on Fri 28 May to 13:58 on Sat 29 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It is 4 min 33 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-05-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12559, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-05-29T13:58:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z", "ms": -1565010094413.4565 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-30T15:48:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-30T12:48:20Z", "ms": -1564917099887.3992 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-29T13:58:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z", "ms": -1565010094413.4565 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-30T15:48:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-30T12:48:20Z", "ms": -1564917099887.3992 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-29T19:16:59+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T16:16:59Z", "ms": -1564990981303.4072 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-29T20:33:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-29T17:33:41Z", "ms": -1564986378651.541 } }, "covered_min": 77, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-05-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-30T19:17:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-30T16:17:39Z", "ms": -1564904540625.6155 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-30T20:34:13+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-30T17:34:13Z", "ms": -1564899946617.4478 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 13:58 on Sat 29 May to 15:48 on Sun 30 May.", "fact": "1920-05-29T10:58:26Z → 1920-05-30T12:48:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:17–20:34 on the 29th, 19:18–20:34 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 77 of 77 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 77 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12559 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 29 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 29 May. Trayodaśī runs from 13:58 on Sat 29 May to 15:48 on Sun 30 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-05-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-05-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1046, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-05-31T17:56:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-31T14:56:49Z", "ms": -1564822990653.8801 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-01T20:17:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-01T17:17:50Z", "ms": -1564728130080.5981 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-05-31T17:56:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-31T14:56:49Z", "ms": -1564822990653.8801 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-01T20:17:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-01T17:17:50Z", "ms": -1564728130080.5981 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-05-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-05-31T19:18:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-31T16:18:19Z", "ms": -1564818100803.241 }, "end": { "local": "1920-05-31T20:34:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-05-31T17:34:45Z", "ms": -1564813515097.7341 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-01T19:18:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-01T16:18:58Z", "ms": -1564731661869.9048 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-01T20:35:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-01T17:35:16Z", "ms": -1564727084120.299 } }, "covered_min": 59, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 17:57 on Mon 31 May to 20:18 on Tue 1 Jun.", "fact": "1920-05-31T14:56:49Z → 1920-06-01T17:17:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:18–20:35 on the 31st, 19:19–20:35 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 76 of 76 minutes on the 31st and 59 of 76 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1046 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Monday 31 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-05-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 31 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 17:57 on Mon 31 May to 20:18 on Tue 1 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 59 minutes; by the rule the first evening is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-06-05", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22373, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-05T03:36:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-05T00:36:43Z", "ms": -1564442596505.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-06T05:47:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-06T02:47:08Z", "ms": -1564348371763.8225 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-05T03:36:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-05T00:36:43Z", "ms": -1564442596505.4167 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-06T05:47:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-06T02:47:08Z", "ms": -1564348371763.8225 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-04T21:23:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-04T18:23:51Z", "ms": -1564464969308.4634 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-04T21:23:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-04T18:23:51Z", "ms": -1564464969308.4634 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-05T22:01:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-05T19:01:54Z", "ms": -1564376285923.9656 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-05T22:01:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-05T19:01:54Z", "ms": -1564376285923.9656 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 03:37 on Sat 5 Jun to 05:47 on Sun 6 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-05T00:36:43Z → 1920-06-06T02:47:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:24 on the 4th and 22:02 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22373 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 5 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 5 June. Caturthī runs from 03:37 on Sat 5 Jun to 05:47 on Sun 6 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-06-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-06-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4088, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-12T08:00:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-12T05:00:26Z", "ms": -1563821973509.6895 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-13T05:57:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T02:57:25Z", "ms": -1563742954514.7415 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-12T08:00:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-12T05:00:26Z", "ms": -1563821973509.6895 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-13T05:57:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T02:57:25Z", "ms": -1563742954514.7415 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-12T04:49:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-12T01:49:19Z", "ms": -1563833440892.7102 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-12T04:49:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-12T01:49:19Z", "ms": -1563833440892.7102 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-13T04:49:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T01:49:17Z", "ms": -1563747042599.752 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-13T04:49:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T01:49:17Z", "ms": -1563747042599.752 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 08:00 on Sat 12 Jun to 05:57 on Sun 13 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-12T05:00:26Z → 1920-06-13T02:57:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:49 on the 12th and 04:49 on the 13th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 12th and is on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4088 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 13 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 13 June. Ekādaśī runs from 08:00 on Sat 12 Jun to 05:57 on Sun 13 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-06-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-06-14", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12201, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-14T03:16:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T00:16:27Z", "ms": -1563666212569.5098 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-15T00:04:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z", "ms": -1563591343502.6638 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-14T03:16:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T00:16:27Z", "ms": -1563666212569.5098 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-15T00:04:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z", "ms": -1563591343502.6638 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-13T19:25:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T16:25:24Z", "ms": -1563694476472.6057 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-13T20:40:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-13T17:40:35Z", "ms": -1563689965290.8223 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-14T19:25:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T16:25:48Z", "ms": -1563608052219.7998 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-14T20:40:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T17:40:56Z", "ms": -1563603544048.9148 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:16 on Mon 14 Jun to 00:04 on Tue 15 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-14T00:16:27Z → 1920-06-14T21:04:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:25–20:41 on the 13th, 19:26–20:41 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 75 minutes on the 13th and 75 of 75 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12201 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Monday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 14 June. Trayodaśī runs from 03:16 on Mon 14 Jun to 00:04 on Tue 15 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-06-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-06-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1243, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-15T00:04:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z", "ms": -1563591343502.6638 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-15T20:29:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-15T17:29:15Z", "ms": -1563517844778.2402 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-15T00:04:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z", "ms": -1563591343502.6638 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-15T20:29:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-15T17:29:15Z", "ms": -1563517844778.2402 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-14T23:43:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T20:43:33Z", "ms": -1563592586578.9812 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-15T00:31:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-14T21:31:33Z", "ms": -1563589706578.9812 } }, "covered_min": 27, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-15T23:43:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-15T20:43:47Z", "ms": -1563506173472.96 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-16T00:31:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-15T21:31:47Z", "ms": -1563503293472.96 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:04 on Tue 15 Jun to 20:29 on Tue 15 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-14T21:04:16Z → 1920-06-15T17:29:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:44–00:32 on the 14th, 23:44–00:32 on the 15th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 27 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1243 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1920: Monday 14 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Monday 14 June. Caturdaśī runs from 00:04 on Tue 15 Jun to 20:29 on Tue 15 Jun and covers 27 of 48 minutes of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-06-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1044, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-17T12:49:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-17T09:49:34Z", "ms": -1563372625928.9314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-18T09:05:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-18T06:05:46Z", "ms": -1563299653800.753 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-17T12:49:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-17T09:49:34Z", "ms": -1563372625928.9314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-18T09:05:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-18T06:05:46Z", "ms": -1563299653800.753 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-17T11:44:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-17T08:44:10Z", "ms": -1563376550237.9282 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-17T12:32:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-17T09:32:10Z", "ms": -1563373670237.9282 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-18T11:44:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-18T08:44:22Z", "ms": -1563290137671.3809 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-18T12:32:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-18T09:32:22Z", "ms": -1563287257671.3809 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 12:50 on Thu 17 Jun to 09:06 on Fri 18 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-17T09:49:34Z → 1920-06-18T06:05:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 17th, 11:44–12:32 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 1044 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Mosul, 1920: Friday 18 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rathayātrā 1920 falls on Friday 18 June. Dvitīyā runs from 12:50 on Thu 17 Jun to 09:06 on Fri 18 Jun, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-06-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21871, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-19T05:40:04+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T02:40:04Z", "ms": -1563225596478.0833 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-20T02:42:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z", "ms": -1563149856260.269 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-19T05:40:04+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T02:40:04Z", "ms": -1563225596478.0833 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-20T02:42:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z", "ms": -1563149856260.269 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-19T11:44:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T08:44:35Z", "ms": -1563203725066.1777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-19T12:32:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T09:32:35Z", "ms": -1563200845066.1777 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-20T11:44:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T08:44:48Z", "ms": -1563117312450.1035 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-20T12:32:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T09:32:48Z", "ms": -1563114432450.1035 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:40 on Sat 19 Jun to 02:42 on Sun 20 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-19T02:40:04Z → 1920-06-19T23:42:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 19th, 11:45–12:33 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21871 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 19 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 19 June. Caturthī runs from 05:40 on Sat 19 Jun to 02:42 on Sun 20 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-06-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32544, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-20T02:42:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z", "ms": -1563149856260.269 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-21T00:21:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T21:21:35Z", "ms": -1563071905449.5305 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-20T02:42:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z", "ms": -1563149856260.269 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-21T00:21:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T21:21:35Z", "ms": -1563071905449.5305 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-20T11:44:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T08:44:48Z", "ms": -1563117312450.1035 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-20T12:32:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-20T09:32:48Z", "ms": -1563114432450.1035 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-21T11:45:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T08:45:00Z", "ms": -1563030899849.4824 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-21T12:33:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T09:33:00Z", "ms": -1563028019849.4824 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 02:42 on Sun 20 Jun to 00:22 on Mon 21 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-19T23:42:24Z → 1920-06-20T21:21:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 20th, 11:45–12:33 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32544 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 20 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Skanda Pañcamī 1920 falls on Sunday 20 June. Pañcamī runs from 02:42 on Sun 20 Jun to 00:22 on Mon 21 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33728, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-21T22:44:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T19:44:30Z", "ms": -1562991330368.2463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-22T21:55:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-22T18:55:21Z", "ms": -1562907878937.936 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-21T22:44:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T19:44:30Z", "ms": -1562991330368.2463 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-22T21:55:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-22T18:55:21Z", "ms": -1562907878937.936 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-21T11:45:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T08:45:00Z", "ms": -1563030899849.4824 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-21T12:33:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-21T09:33:00Z", "ms": -1563028019849.4824 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-22T11:45:13+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-22T08:45:13Z", "ms": -1562944487289.2056 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-22T12:33:13+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-22T09:33:13Z", "ms": -1562941607289.2056 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 22:44 on Mon 21 Jun to 21:55 on Tue 22 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-21T19:44:30Z → 1920-06-22T18:55:21Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 21st, 11:45–12:33 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33728 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 22 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vivasvat Saptamī 1920 falls on Tuesday 22 June. Saptamī runs from 22:44 on Mon 21 Jun to 21:55 on Tue 22 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-06-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10222, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-26T00:05:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-25T21:05:33Z", "ms": -1562640866963.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-27T02:01:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-26T23:01:20Z", "ms": -1562547520072.5444 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-26T00:05:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-25T21:05:33Z", "ms": -1562640866963.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-27T02:01:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-26T23:01:20Z", "ms": -1562547520072.5444 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-26T04:51:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-26T01:51:22Z", "ms": -1562623718208.4421 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-26T04:51:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-26T01:51:22Z", "ms": -1562623718208.4421 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-27T04:51:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-27T01:51:42Z", "ms": -1562537298209.3774 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-27T04:51:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-27T01:51:42Z", "ms": -1562537298209.3774 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:06 on Sat 26 Jun to 02:01 on Sun 27 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-25T21:05:33Z → 1920-06-26T23:01:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:51 on the 26th and 04:52 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10222 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 26 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 26 June. Ekādaśī runs from 00:06 on Sat 26 Jun to 02:01 on Sun 27 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-06-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-06-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27235, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-06-28T04:17:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-28T01:17:48Z", "ms": -1562452932108.65 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-29T06:45:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-29T03:45:10Z", "ms": -1562357690132.2224 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-28T04:17:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-28T01:17:48Z", "ms": -1562452932108.65 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-29T06:45:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-29T03:45:10Z", "ms": -1562357690132.2224 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-27T19:28:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-27T16:28:46Z", "ms": -1562484673568.7163 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-27T20:43:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-27T17:43:53Z", "ms": -1562480167339.5183 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-06-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-28T19:28:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-28T16:28:49Z", "ms": -1562398271225.6018 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-28T20:43:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-28T17:43:58Z", "ms": -1562393762283.1877 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:18 on Mon 28 Jun to 06:45 on Tue 29 Jun.", "fact": "1920-06-28T01:17:48Z → 1920-06-29T03:45:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:29–20:44 on the 27th, 19:29–20:44 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 75 minutes on the 27th and 75 of 75 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27235 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Monday 28 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 28 June. Trayodaśī runs from 04:18 on Mon 28 Jun to 06:45 on Tue 29 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-06-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 400, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T09:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T11:40:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T09:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T11:40:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T11:46:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T08:46:49Z", "ms": -1562253190922.681 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-30T12:34:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T09:34:49Z", "ms": -1562250310922.681 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-01T11:47:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:47:00Z", "ms": -1562166779696.587 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T12:35:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T09:35:00Z", "ms": -1562163899696.587 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 11:40 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z → 1920-07-01T08:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 30th, 11:47–12:35 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 400 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Guru Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Wednesday 30 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 11:40 on Thu 1 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17599, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T09:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T11:40:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T09:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T11:40:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T16:33:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T13:33:37Z", "ms": -1562235983379.556 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-30T19:28:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T16:28:48Z", "ms": -1562225471684.1392 } }, "covered_min": 175, "window_min": 175, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-01T16:33:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T13:33:39Z", "ms": -1562149580580.543 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T19:28:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T16:28:45Z", "ms": -1562139074503.1802 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 175, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 11:40 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z → 1920-07-01T08:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:34–19:29 on the 30th, 16:34–19:29 on the 1st.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 175 of 175 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 175 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17599 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kokilā Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 30 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 11:40 on Thu 1 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28106, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T09:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T11:40:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T09:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T11:40:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T19:28:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T16:28:48Z", "ms": -1562225471684.1392 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-30T20:44:04+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T17:44:04Z", "ms": -1562220956111.5864 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-01T19:28:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T16:28:45Z", "ms": -1562139074503.1802 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T20:44:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T17:44:05Z", "ms": -1562134555019.2131 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 11:40 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z → 1920-07-01T08:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:29–20:44 on the 30th, 19:29–20:44 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 75 of 75 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 75 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28106 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 30 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-06-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śiva Śayanotsava 1920 falls on Wednesday 30 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 11:40 on Thu 1 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5214, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T09:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T11:40:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T09:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z", "ms": -1562262304046.2664 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T11:40:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T08:40:20Z", "ms": -1562167180020.9182 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-06-30T04:52:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T01:52:50Z", "ms": -1562278030161.2227 }, "end": { "local": "1920-06-30T07:48:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-06-30T04:48:02Z", "ms": -1562267518465.806 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 175, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-01T04:53:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T01:53:15Z", "ms": -1562191604889.994 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-01T07:48:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-01T04:48:21Z", "ms": -1562181098812.631 } }, "covered_min": 175, "window_min": 175, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 11:40 on Thu 1 Jul.", "fact": "1920-06-30T06:14:56Z → 1920-07-01T08:40:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 04:53–07:48 on the 30th, 04:53–07:48 on the 1st.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 175 minutes on the 30th and 175 of 175 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5214 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 1 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vyāsa Pūjā 1920 falls on Thursday 1 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 09:15 on Wed 30 Jun to 11:40 on Thu 1 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16855, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-07-02T13:56:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-02T10:56:11Z", "ms": -1562072629305.2876 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-03T15:58:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-03T12:58:19Z", "ms": -1561978900754.3052 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-02T13:56:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-02T10:56:11Z", "ms": -1562072629305.2876 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-03T15:58:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-03T12:58:19Z", "ms": -1561978900754.3052 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-02T20:03:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-02T17:03:00Z", "ms": -1562050620352.2043 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-02T20:03:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-02T17:03:00Z", "ms": -1562050620352.2043 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-03T20:39:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-03T17:39:14Z", "ms": -1561962045820.3127 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-03T20:39:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-03T17:39:14Z", "ms": -1561962045820.3127 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 13:56 on Fri 2 Jul to 15:58 on Sat 3 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-02T10:56:11Z → 1920-07-03T12:58:19Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:03 on the 2nd and 20:39 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16855 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Mosul, 1920: Friday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1920 falls on Friday 2 July. Dvitīyā runs from 13:56 on Fri 2 Jul to 15:58 on Sat 3 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-07-04", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9536, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-04T17:42:59+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-04T14:42:59Z", "ms": -1561886221035.0662 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-05T19:06:13+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-05T16:06:13Z", "ms": -1561794827262.729 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-04T17:42:59+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-04T14:42:59Z", "ms": -1561886221035.0662 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-05T19:06:13+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-05T16:06:13Z", "ms": -1561794827262.729 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-04T21:13:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-04T18:13:00Z", "ms": -1561873620049.5037 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-04T21:13:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-04T18:13:00Z", "ms": -1561873620049.5037 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-05T21:45:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-05T18:45:08Z", "ms": -1561785291620.9714 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-05T21:45:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-05T18:45:08Z", "ms": -1561785291620.9714 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 17:43 on Sun 4 Jul to 19:06 on Mon 5 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-04T14:42:59Z → 1920-07-05T16:06:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:13 on the 4th and 21:45 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9536 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 4 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 4 July. Caturthī runs from 17:43 on Sun 4 Jul to 19:06 on Mon 5 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-07-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-07-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30744, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-11T16:09:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-11T13:09:53Z", "ms": -1561287006543.8748 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-12T13:31:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T10:31:32Z", "ms": -1561210108149.4421 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-11T16:09:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-11T13:09:53Z", "ms": -1561287006543.8748 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-12T13:31:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T10:31:32Z", "ms": -1561210108149.4421 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-11T04:58:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-11T01:58:31Z", "ms": -1561327288866.8047 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-11T04:58:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-11T01:58:31Z", "ms": -1561327288866.8047 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-12T04:59:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T01:59:08Z", "ms": -1561240851668.239 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-12T04:59:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-12T01:59:08Z", "ms": -1561240851668.239 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:10 on Sun 11 Jul to 13:32 on Mon 12 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-11T13:09:53Z → 1920-07-12T10:31:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:59 on the 11th and 04:59 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30744 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Monday 12 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Monday 12 July. Ekādaśī runs from 16:10 on Sun 11 Jul to 13:32 on Mon 12 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-07-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-07-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32543, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-13T10:23:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T07:23:33Z", "ms": -1561134987173.83 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-14T06:53:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1561061190724.2314 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-13T10:23:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T07:23:33Z", "ms": -1561134987173.83 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-14T06:53:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1561061190724.2314 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-13T19:25:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T16:25:56Z", "ms": -1561102444259.37 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-13T20:42:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T17:42:32Z", "ms": -1561097848318.8442 } }, "covered_min": 77, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-14T19:25:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T16:25:30Z", "ms": -1561016069693.3235 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-14T20:42:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T17:42:15Z", "ms": -1561011465071.0933 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:24 on Tue 13 Jul to 06:53 on Wed 14 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-13T07:23:33Z → 1920-07-14T03:53:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:26–20:43 on the 13th, 19:26–20:42 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 77 of 77 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 77 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32543 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 13 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 13 July. Trayodaśī runs from 10:24 on Tue 13 Jul to 06:53 on Wed 14 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-07-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-07-14", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9189, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-14T06:53:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1561061190724.2314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-15T03:10:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-15T00:10:27Z", "ms": -1560988173164.7087 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-14T06:53:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z", "ms": -1561061190724.2314 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-15T03:10:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-15T00:10:27Z", "ms": -1560988173164.7087 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-13T23:49:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T20:49:11Z", "ms": -1561086649482.3984 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-14T00:37:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-13T21:37:11Z", "ms": -1561083769482.3984 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-14T23:49:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T20:49:18Z", "ms": -1561000242359.96 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-15T00:37:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-14T21:37:18Z", "ms": -1560997362359.96 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 06:53 on Wed 14 Jul to 03:10 on Thu 15 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-14T03:53:29Z → 1920-07-15T00:10:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:49–00:37 on the 13th, 23:49–00:37 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9189 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 14 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Wednesday 14 July. Caturdaśī runs from 06:53 on Wed 14 Jul to 03:10 on Thu 15 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-07-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-07-19", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1229, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-18T13:38:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-18T10:38:56Z", "ms": -1560691264068.6873 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-19T11:28:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-19T08:28:55Z", "ms": -1560612665026.318 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-18T13:38:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-18T10:38:56Z", "ms": -1560691264068.6873 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-19T11:28:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-19T08:28:55Z", "ms": -1560612665026.318 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-18T11:49:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-18T08:49:20Z", "ms": -1560697840138.6855 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-18T12:37:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-18T09:37:20Z", "ms": -1560694960138.6855 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-19T11:49:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-19T08:49:24Z", "ms": -1560611435927.56 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-19T12:37:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-19T09:37:24Z", "ms": -1560608555927.56 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:39 on Sun 18 Jul to 11:29 on Mon 19 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-18T10:38:56Z → 1920-07-19T08:28:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 18th, 11:49–12:37 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 1229 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Monday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Monday 19 July. Caturthī runs from 13:39 on Sun 18 Jul to 11:29 on Mon 19 Jul, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-07-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-07-26", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Śukla Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35382, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-25T14:57:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-25T11:57:58Z", "ms": -1560081722187.2637 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-26T17:26:04+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-26T14:26:04Z", "ms": -1559986436351.3506 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-25T14:57:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-25T11:57:58Z", "ms": -1560081722187.2637 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-26T17:26:04+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-26T14:26:04Z", "ms": -1559986436351.3506 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-25T05:08:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-25T02:08:16Z", "ms": -1560117104187.4656 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-25T05:08:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-25T02:08:16Z", "ms": -1560117104187.4656 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-07-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-26T05:09:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-26T02:09:02Z", "ms": -1560030658497.1125 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-26T05:09:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-26T02:09:02Z", "ms": -1560030658497.1125 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:58 on Sun 25 Jul to 17:26 on Mon 26 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-25T11:57:58Z → 1920-07-26T14:26:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:08 on the 25th and 05:09 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35382 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Monday 26 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Monday 26 July. Ekādaśī runs from 14:58 on Sun 25 Jul to 17:26 on Mon 26 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-07-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-07-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-07-28", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2356, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-07-27T19:56:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-27T16:56:43Z", "ms": -1559890997412.9084 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-28T22:19:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-28T19:19:57Z", "ms": -1559796002679.9585 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-07-27T19:56:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-27T16:56:43Z", "ms": -1559890997412.9084 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-28T22:19:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-28T19:19:57Z", "ms": -1559796002679.9585 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-07-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-27T19:17:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-27T16:17:27Z", "ms": -1559893353193.0815 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-27T20:36:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-27T17:36:32Z", "ms": -1559888608247.0288 } }, "covered_min": 40, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-07-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-07-28T19:16:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-28T16:16:38Z", "ms": -1559807001604.3887 }, "end": { "local": "1920-07-28T20:35:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-07-28T17:35:56Z", "ms": -1559802243982.5984 } }, "covered_min": 79, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 19:57 on Tue 27 Jul to 22:20 on Wed 28 Jul.", "fact": "1920-07-27T16:56:43Z → 1920-07-28T19:19:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:17–20:37 on the 27th, 19:17–20:36 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 40 of 79 minutes on the 27th and 79 of 79 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 2356 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 28 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-28", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-07-28", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 28 July. Trayodaśī runs from 19:57 on Tue 27 Jul to 22:20 on Wed 28 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 40 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-07-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-08-03", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33092, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-03T05:41:44+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-03T02:41:44Z", "ms": -1559337496200.1616 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-04T06:03:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-04T03:03:47Z", "ms": -1559249773227.7136 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-03T05:41:44+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-03T02:41:44Z", "ms": -1559337496200.1616 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-04T06:03:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-04T03:03:47Z", "ms": -1559249773227.7136 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-02T20:20:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-02T17:20:23Z", "ms": -1559371176832.7498 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-02T20:20:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-02T17:20:23Z", "ms": -1559371176832.7498 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-03T20:52:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-03T17:52:15Z", "ms": -1559282865040.0361 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-03T20:52:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-03T17:52:15Z", "ms": -1559282865040.0361 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:42 on Tue 3 Aug to 06:04 on Wed 4 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-03T02:41:44Z → 1920-08-04T03:03:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:20 on the 2nd and 20:52 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33092 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 3 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 3 August. Caturthī runs from 05:42 on Tue 3 Aug to 06:04 on Wed 4 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-08-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-08-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24407, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-09T22:34:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-09T19:34:09Z", "ms": -1558758351250.7686 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-10T19:42:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-10T16:42:27Z", "ms": -1558682253314.6265 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-09T22:34:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-09T19:34:09Z", "ms": -1558758351250.7686 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-10T19:42:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-10T16:42:27Z", "ms": -1558682253314.6265 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-10T05:20:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-10T02:20:56Z", "ms": -1558733944097.5273 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-10T05:20:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-10T02:20:56Z", "ms": -1558733944097.5273 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-11T05:21:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T02:21:45Z", "ms": -1558647495416.6145 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-11T05:21:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T02:21:45Z", "ms": -1558647495416.6145 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 22:34 on Mon 9 Aug to 19:42 on Tue 10 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-09T19:34:09Z → 1920-08-10T16:42:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:21 on the 10th and 05:22 on the 11th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 10th and is not on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24407 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 10 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Tuesday 10 August. Ekādaśī runs from 22:34 on Mon 9 Aug to 19:42 on Tue 10 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-08-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-08-11", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8993, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-11T16:33:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T13:33:03Z", "ms": -1558607217121.0366 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-12T13:13:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z", "ms": -1558532770196.4307 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-11T16:33:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T13:33:03Z", "ms": -1558607217121.0366 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-12T13:13:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z", "ms": -1558532770196.4307 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-11T19:02:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T16:02:56Z", "ms": -1558598224413.853 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-11T20:25:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T17:25:33Z", "ms": -1558593267386.1758 } }, "covered_min": 83, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-12T19:01:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T16:01:48Z", "ms": -1558511892451.5237 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-12T20:24:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T17:24:40Z", "ms": -1558506919856.0444 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:33 on Wed 11 Aug to 13:14 on Thu 12 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-11T13:33:03Z → 1920-08-12T10:13:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:03–20:26 on the 11th, 19:02–20:25 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 83 of 83 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 83 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8993 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 11 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Wednesday 11 August. Trayodaśī runs from 16:33 on Wed 11 Aug to 13:14 on Thu 12 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-08-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-08-12", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33443, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-12T13:13:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z", "ms": -1558532770196.4307 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-13T09:53:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-13T06:53:58Z", "ms": -1558458361760.74 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": true, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-12T13:13:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z", "ms": -1558532770196.4307 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-13T09:53:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-13T06:53:58Z", "ms": -1558458361760.74 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-11T23:48:44+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T20:48:44Z", "ms": -1558581075560.0632 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-12T00:36:44+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-11T21:36:44Z", "ms": -1558578195560.0632 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-12T23:48:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T20:48:35Z", "ms": -1558494685218.4768 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-13T00:36:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-12T21:36:35Z", "ms": -1558491805218.4768 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:14 on Thu 12 Aug to 09:54 on Fri 13 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-12T10:13:50Z → 1920-08-13T06:53:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:49–00:37 on the 11th, 23:49–00:37 on the 12th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33443 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 12 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Thursday 12 August. Caturdaśī runs from 13:14 on Thu 12 Aug to 09:54 on Fri 13 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-08-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36940, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T01:31:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-15T22:31:47Z", "ms": -1558229293455.897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-16T23:49:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z", "ms": -1558149026580.4524 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T01:31:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-15T22:31:47Z", "ms": -1558229293455.897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-16T23:49:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z", "ms": -1558149026580.4524 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T11:47:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T08:47:26Z", "ms": -1558192353619.814 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-16T12:35:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T09:35:26Z", "ms": -1558189473619.814 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T11:47:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T08:47:14Z", "ms": -1558105965956.4517 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T12:35:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T09:35:14Z", "ms": -1558103085956.4517 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 01:32 on Mon 16 Aug to 23:50 on Mon 16 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-15T22:31:47Z → 1920-08-16T20:49:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 16th, 11:47–12:35 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36940 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1920: Monday 16 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1920 falls on Monday 16 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 01:32 on Mon 16 Aug to 23:50 on Mon 16 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-08-17", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37068, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T23:49:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z", "ms": -1558149026580.4524 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T22:53:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z", "ms": -1558066017884.3901 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T23:49:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z", "ms": -1558149026580.4524 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T22:53:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z", "ms": -1558066017884.3901 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-16T11:47:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T08:47:26Z", "ms": -1558192353619.814 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-16T12:35:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-16T09:35:26Z", "ms": -1558189473619.814 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T11:47:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T08:47:14Z", "ms": -1558105965956.4517 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T12:35:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T09:35:14Z", "ms": -1558103085956.4517 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:50 on Mon 16 Aug to 22:53 on Tue 17 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-16T20:49:33Z → 1920-08-17T19:53:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 16th, 11:47–12:35 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37068 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 17 August. Caturthī runs from 23:50 on Mon 16 Aug to 22:53 on Tue 17 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-08-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36661, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T22:53:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z", "ms": -1558066017884.3901 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-18T22:46:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T19:46:02Z", "ms": -1557980037685.329 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T22:53:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z", "ms": -1558066017884.3901 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-18T22:46:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T19:46:02Z", "ms": -1557980037685.329 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-17T11:47:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T08:47:14Z", "ms": -1558105965956.4517 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-17T12:35:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-17T09:35:14Z", "ms": -1558103085956.4517 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-18T11:47:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T08:47:01Z", "ms": -1558019578811.2935 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-18T12:35:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-18T09:35:01Z", "ms": -1558016698811.2935 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 22:53 on Tue 17 Aug to 22:46 on Wed 18 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-17T19:53:02Z → 1920-08-18T19:46:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 17th, 11:47–12:35 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36661 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 18 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nāga Pañcamī 1920 falls on Wednesday 18 August. Pañcamī runs from 22:53 on Tue 17 Aug to 22:46 on Wed 18 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-08-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8082, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-24T07:46:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-24T04:46:57Z", "ms": -1557515583132.1152 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-25T10:10:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z", "ms": -1557420599259.545 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-24T07:46:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-24T04:46:57Z", "ms": -1557515583132.1152 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-25T10:10:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z", "ms": -1557420599259.545 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-24T05:32:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-24T02:32:15Z", "ms": -1557523665476.014 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-24T05:32:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-24T02:32:15Z", "ms": -1557523665476.014 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-25T05:33:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T02:33:02Z", "ms": -1557437217589.9216 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-25T05:33:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T02:33:02Z", "ms": -1557437217589.9216 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 07:47 on Tue 24 Aug to 10:10 on Wed 25 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-24T04:46:57Z → 1920-08-25T07:10:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:32 on the 24th and 05:33 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8082 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Putradā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 25 August. Ekādaśī runs from 07:47 on Tue 24 Aug to 10:10 on Wed 25 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-08-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1005, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-25T10:10:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z", "ms": -1557420599259.545 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-26T12:16:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z", "ms": -1557326624114.957 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-25T10:10:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z", "ms": -1557420599259.545 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-26T12:16:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z", "ms": -1557326624114.957 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-25T11:45:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T08:45:18Z", "ms": -1557414882421.9517 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-25T12:33:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-25T09:33:18Z", "ms": -1557412002421.9517 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-26T11:45:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T08:45:01Z", "ms": -1557328499012.1821 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-26T12:33:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:33:01Z", "ms": -1557325619012.1821 } }, "covered_min": 31, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 10:10 on Wed 25 Aug to 12:16 on Thu 26 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-25T07:10:01Z → 1920-08-26T09:16:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 25th, 11:45–12:33 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 31 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1005 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 25 August. Dvādaśī runs from 10:10 on Wed 25 Aug to 12:16 on Thu 26 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 31 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-08-26", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17041, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-08-26T12:16:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z", "ms": -1557326624114.957 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-27T13:58:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T10:58:49Z", "ms": -1557234070860.7383 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-26T12:16:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z", "ms": -1557326624114.957 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-27T13:58:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T10:58:49Z", "ms": -1557234070860.7383 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-26T18:44:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T15:44:12Z", "ms": -1557303348222.9475 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-26T20:10:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-26T17:10:55Z", "ms": -1557298144740.923 } }, "covered_min": 87, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-27T18:42:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T15:42:50Z", "ms": -1557217029898.9956 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-27T20:09:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-27T17:09:51Z", "ms": -1557211809179.7761 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 87, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:16 on Thu 26 Aug to 13:59 on Fri 27 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-26T09:16:16Z → 1920-08-27T10:58:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:11 on the 26th, 18:43–20:10 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 87 of 87 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 87 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17041 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 26 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Thursday 26 August. Trayodaśī runs from 12:16 on Thu 26 Aug to 13:59 on Fri 27 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-08-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 6867, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T15:14:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z", "ms": -1557143138132.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T16:02:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1557053855181.7634 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1920-08-29T03:41:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T00:41:46Z", "ms": -1557098293552.6904 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T16:02:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1557053855181.7634 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T05:35:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T02:35:25Z", "ms": -1557177874504.8494 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T05:36:13+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T02:36:13Z", "ms": -1557091426987.215 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-29T05:36:13+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T02:36:13Z", "ms": -1557091426987.215 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-30T05:37:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T02:37:00Z", "ms": -1557004979548.133 } }, "covered_min": 626, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:14 on Sat 28 Aug to 16:02 on Sun 29 Aug. Its second half begins at 03:42 on Sun 29 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z → 1920-08-29T13:02:25Z · second half from 1920-08-29T00:41:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:35 on the 28th, and from 05:36 on the 29th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 114 of 1441 minutes on the 28th and 626 of 1441 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both days qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 6867 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1920 falls on Sunday 29 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 03:42 on Sun 29 Aug to 16:02 on Sun 29 Aug and falls on two days: 626 minutes of it on the 29th, 114 on the 28th; the rule does not say which to take, and the day that holds more of it is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9715, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T15:14:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z", "ms": -1557143138132.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T16:02:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1557053855181.7634 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T15:14:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z", "ms": -1557143138132.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T16:02:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T13:02:25Z", "ms": -1557053855181.7634 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-28T11:44:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T08:44:27Z", "ms": -1557155733378.0828 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-28T12:32:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-28T09:32:27Z", "ms": -1557152853378.0828 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-29T11:44:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T08:44:09Z", "ms": -1557069351118.0542 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-29T12:32:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-29T09:32:09Z", "ms": -1557066471118.0542 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 15:14 on Sat 28 Aug to 16:02 on Sun 29 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-28T12:14:22Z → 1920-08-29T13:02:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 28th, 11:44–12:32 on the 29th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9715 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1920 falls on Sunday 29 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 15:14 on Sat 28 Aug to 16:02 on Sun 29 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9027, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-30T16:24:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T13:24:16Z", "ms": -1556966143890.55 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-31T16:22:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z", "ms": -1556879879351.6477 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-30T16:24:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T13:24:16Z", "ms": -1556966143890.55 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-31T16:22:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z", "ms": -1556879879351.6477 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-30T18:54:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T15:54:43Z", "ms": -1556957117341.7554 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-30T18:54:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-30T15:54:43Z", "ms": -1556957117341.7554 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-31T19:27:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T16:27:48Z", "ms": -1556868732460.7288 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-31T19:27:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T16:27:48Z", "ms": -1556868732460.7288 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 16:24 on Mon 30 Aug to 16:22 on Tue 31 Aug.", "fact": "1920-08-30T13:24:16Z → 1920-08-31T13:22:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 18:55 on the 30th and 19:28 on the 31st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 9027 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Monday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 30 August. Dvitīyā runs from 16:24 on Mon 30 Aug to 16:22 on Tue 31 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12389, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-08-31T16:22:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z", "ms": -1556879879351.6477 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T15:57:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-08-31T16:22:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z", "ms": -1556879879351.6477 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T15:57:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-08-31T11:43:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T08:43:32Z", "ms": -1556896587617.3442 }, "end": { "local": "1920-08-31T12:31:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-08-31T09:31:32Z", "ms": -1556893707617.3442 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T11:43:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T08:43:14Z", "ms": -1556810206337.0142 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T12:31:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T09:31:14Z", "ms": -1556807326337.0142 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 16:22 on Tue 31 Aug to 15:58 on Wed 1 Sep.", "fact": "1920-08-31T13:22:01Z → 1920-09-01T12:57:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 31st, 11:43–12:31 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12389 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1920 falls on Wednesday 1 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 16:22 on Tue 31 Aug to 15:58 on Wed 1 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 162, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T15:57:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T15:12:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:12:55Z", "ms": -1556711225266.1218 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T15:57:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T15:12:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:12:55Z", "ms": -1556711225266.1218 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T16:00:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T13:00:25Z", "ms": -1556794775215.2036 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T18:35:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T15:35:52Z", "ms": -1556785447800.663 } }, "covered_min": 155, "window_min": 155, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-02T15:59:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:59:26Z", "ms": -1556708433976.9963 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T18:34:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T15:34:27Z", "ms": -1556699133066.3335 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 155, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:58 on Wed 1 Sep to 15:13 on Thu 2 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z → 1920-09-02T12:12:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:00–18:36 on the 1st, 15:59–18:34 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 155 of 155 minutes on the 1st and 0 of 155 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 162 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bahulā Caturthī 1920 falls on Wednesday 1 September. Caturthī runs from 15:58 on Wed 1 Sep to 15:13 on Thu 2 Sep and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon. It is 2 min 42 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-09-01", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14690, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T15:57:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T15:12:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:12:55Z", "ms": -1556711225266.1218 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T15:57:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z", "ms": -1556794937671.847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T15:12:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T12:12:55Z", "ms": -1556711225266.1218 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-01T20:02:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T17:02:32Z", "ms": -1556780247917.6055 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-01T20:02:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-01T17:02:32Z", "ms": -1556780247917.6055 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-02T20:40:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T17:40:06Z", "ms": -1556691594296.307 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-02T20:40:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-02T17:40:06Z", "ms": -1556691594296.307 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:58 on Wed 1 Sep to 15:13 on Thu 2 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-01T12:57:42Z → 1920-09-02T12:12:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:03 on the 1st and 20:40 on the 2nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 1st and is not on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14690 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 1 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Wednesday 1 September. Caturthī runs from 15:58 on Wed 1 Sep to 15:13 on Thu 2 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-09-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 884, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-03T14:08:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-03T11:08:32Z", "ms": -1556628687774.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-04T12:45:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z", "ms": -1556547299954.414 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-03T14:08:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-03T11:08:32Z", "ms": -1556628687774.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-04T12:45:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z", "ms": -1556547299954.414 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-03T11:42:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-03T08:42:35Z", "ms": -1556637444614.8577 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-03T12:30:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-03T09:30:35Z", "ms": -1556634564614.8577 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T11:42:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T08:42:16Z", "ms": -1556551064132.3823 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-04T12:30:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:30:16Z", "ms": -1556548184132.3823 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:09 on Fri 3 Sep to 12:45 on Sat 4 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-03T11:08:32Z → 1920-09-04T09:45:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 3rd, 11:42–12:30 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 884 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 4 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1920 falls on Saturday 4 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:09 on Fri 3 Sep to 12:45 on Sat 4 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30717, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-05T11:02:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z", "ms": -1556467041156.6172 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-06T09:02:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-06T06:02:16Z", "ms": -1556387863768.4897 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-05T11:02:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z", "ms": -1556467041156.6172 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-06T09:02:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-06T06:02:16Z", "ms": -1556387863768.4897 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T23:42:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T20:42:39Z", "ms": -1556507840556.4321 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-05T00:30:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T21:30:39Z", "ms": -1556504960556.4321 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-05T23:42:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T20:42:20Z", "ms": -1556421460308.1694 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-06T00:30:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T21:30:20Z", "ms": -1556418580308.1694 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:03 on Sun 5 Sep to 09:02 on Mon 6 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z → 1920-09-06T06:02:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:43–00:31 on the 4th, 23:42–00:30 on the 5th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30717 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Janmāṣṭamī 1920 falls on Sunday 5 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:03 on Sun 5 Sep to 09:02 on Mon 6 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 884, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T12:45:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z", "ms": -1556547299954.414 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-05T11:02:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z", "ms": -1556467041156.6172 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T12:45:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z", "ms": -1556547299954.414 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-05T11:02:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:02:39Z", "ms": -1556467041156.6172 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-04T11:42:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T08:42:16Z", "ms": -1556551064132.3823 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-04T12:30:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-04T09:30:16Z", "ms": -1556548184132.3823 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-05T11:41:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T08:41:56Z", "ms": -1556464683875.7578 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-05T12:29:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-05T09:29:56Z", "ms": -1556461803875.7578 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 12:45 on Sat 4 Sep to 11:03 on Sun 5 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-04T09:45:00Z → 1920-09-05T08:02:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 4th, 11:42–12:30 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 884 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śītalā Saptamī 1920 falls on Sunday 5 September. Saptamī runs from 12:45 on Sat 4 Sep to 11:03 on Sun 5 Sep, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-09-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5301, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-08T04:15:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T01:15:45Z", "ms": -1556232255419.9702 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-09T01:37:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T22:37:11Z", "ms": -1556155368737.8923 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-08T04:15:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T01:15:45Z", "ms": -1556232255419.9702 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-09T01:37:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T22:37:11Z", "ms": -1556155368737.8923 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-08T05:44:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T02:44:05Z", "ms": -1556226954697.1416 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-08T05:44:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-08T02:44:05Z", "ms": -1556226954697.1416 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-09T05:44:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T02:44:52Z", "ms": -1556140507572.679 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-09T05:44:52+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T02:44:52Z", "ms": -1556140507572.679 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:16 on Wed 8 Sep to 01:37 on Thu 9 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-08T01:15:45Z → 1920-09-08T22:37:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:44 on the 8th and 05:45 on the 9th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 8th and is not on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5301 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ajā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 8 September. Ekādaśī runs from 04:16 on Wed 8 Sep to 01:37 on Thu 9 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-09-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1508, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T20:19:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T17:54:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T14:54:47Z", "ms": -1555923912542.3892 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T20:19:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T17:54:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T14:54:47Z", "ms": -1555923912542.3892 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T18:22:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T15:22:50Z", "ms": -1556008630240.2964 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-10T19:53:59+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T16:53:59Z", "ms": -1556003161314.8687 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-11T18:21:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T15:21:21Z", "ms": -1555922318836.9084 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T19:52:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T16:52:48Z", "ms": -1555916831811.0017 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:19 on Fri 10 Sep to 17:55 on Sat 11 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z → 1920-09-11T14:54:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:23–19:54 on the 10th, 18:21–19:53 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 91 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 91 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1508 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Aghora Caturdaśī 1920 falls on Friday 10 September. Caturdaśī runs from 20:19 on Fri 10 Sep to 17:55 on Sat 11 Sep, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-09-10", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1508, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-09T22:55:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T19:55:55Z", "ms": -1556078645067.6897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-10T20:19:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-09T22:55:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T19:55:55Z", "ms": -1556078645067.6897 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-10T20:19:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-09T18:24:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T15:24:18Z", "ms": -1556094941902.8918 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-09T19:55:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-09T16:55:09Z", "ms": -1556089491041.381 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T18:22:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T15:22:50Z", "ms": -1556008630240.2964 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-10T19:53:59+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T16:53:59Z", "ms": -1556003161314.8687 } }, "covered_min": 91, "window_min": 91, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:56 on Thu 9 Sep to 20:19 on Fri 10 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-09T19:55:55Z → 1920-09-10T17:19:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:24–19:55 on the 9th, 18:23–19:54 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 91 minutes on the 9th and 91 of 91 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1508 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Friday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Friday 10 September. Trayodaśī runs from 22:56 on Thu 9 Sep to 20:19 on Fri 10 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-09-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-09-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12092, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T20:19:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T17:54:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T14:54:47Z", "ms": -1555923912542.3892 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T20:19:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z", "ms": -1556001653718.777 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T17:54:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T14:54:47Z", "ms": -1555923912542.3892 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-10T23:40:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T20:40:38Z", "ms": -1555989561769.9424 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-11T00:28:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-10T21:28:38Z", "ms": -1555986681769.9424 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-11T23:40:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T20:40:18Z", "ms": -1555903182489.7583 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-12T00:28:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-11T21:28:18Z", "ms": -1555900302489.7583 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 20:19 on Fri 10 Sep to 17:55 on Sat 11 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-10T17:19:06Z → 1920-09-11T14:54:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:41–00:29 on the 10th, 23:40–00:28 on the 11th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12092 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1920: Friday 10 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Friday 10 September. Caturdaśī runs from 20:19 on Fri 10 Sep to 17:55 on Sat 11 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-09-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6594, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-09-12T15:51:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T12:51:24Z", "ms": -1555844916403.5393 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-13T14:17:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-13T11:17:07Z", "ms": -1555764173382.7656 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-12T15:51:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T12:51:24Z", "ms": -1555844916403.5393 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-13T14:17:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-13T11:17:07Z", "ms": -1555764173382.7656 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-12T11:39:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T08:39:33Z", "ms": -1555860026905.1606 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-12T12:27:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-12T09:27:33Z", "ms": -1555857146905.1606 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-13T11:39:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-13T08:39:12Z", "ms": -1555773647836.9126 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-13T12:27:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-13T09:27:12Z", "ms": -1555770767836.9126 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 15:51 on Sun 12 Sep to 14:17 on Mon 13 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-12T12:51:24Z → 1920-09-13T11:17:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 12th, 11:39–12:27 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6594 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Monday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rudra Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 13 September. Pratipadā runs from 15:51 on Sun 12 Sep to 14:17 on Mon 13 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2183, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-09-14T13:19:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-14T10:19:10Z", "ms": -1555681250123.67 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-15T13:02:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1555595826785.0708 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-14T13:19:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-14T10:19:10Z", "ms": -1555681250123.67 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-15T13:02:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1555595826785.0708 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-14T11:38:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-14T08:38:51Z", "ms": -1555687268848.427 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-14T12:26:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-14T09:26:51Z", "ms": -1555684388848.427 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-15T11:38:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T08:38:30Z", "ms": -1555600889923.7224 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-15T12:26:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T09:26:30Z", "ms": -1555598009923.7224 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 13:19 on Tue 14 Sep to 13:03 on Wed 15 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-14T10:19:10Z → 1920-09-15T10:02:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 14th, 11:39–12:27 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 48 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2183 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-15", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1920 falls on Wednesday 15 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 13:19 on Tue 14 Sep to 13:03 on Wed 15 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2183, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-15T13:02:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1555595826785.0708 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-16T13:30:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z", "ms": -1555507758249.8367 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-15T13:02:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z", "ms": -1555595826785.0708 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-16T13:30:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z", "ms": -1555507758249.8367 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-15T11:38:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T08:38:30Z", "ms": -1555600889923.7224 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-15T12:26:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-15T09:26:30Z", "ms": -1555598009923.7224 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-16T11:38:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T08:38:09Z", "ms": -1555514511047.0378 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-16T12:26:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T09:26:09Z", "ms": -1555511631047.0378 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:03 on Wed 15 Sep to 13:31 on Thu 16 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-15T10:02:53Z → 1920-09-16T10:30:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 15th, 11:38–12:26 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 48 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2183 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 16 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1920 falls on Thursday 16 September. Caturthī runs from 13:03 on Wed 15 Sep to 13:31 on Thu 16 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3873, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-16T13:30:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z", "ms": -1555507758249.8367 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-17T14:41:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z", "ms": -1555417131323.8845 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-16T13:30:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z", "ms": -1555507758249.8367 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-17T14:41:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z", "ms": -1555417131323.8845 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-16T11:38:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T08:38:09Z", "ms": -1555514511047.0378 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-16T12:26:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-16T09:26:09Z", "ms": -1555511631047.0378 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-17T11:37:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T08:37:48Z", "ms": -1555428132200.302 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-17T12:25:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T09:25:48Z", "ms": -1555425252200.302 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 13:31 on Thu 16 Sep to 14:41 on Fri 17 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-16T10:30:42Z → 1920-09-17T11:41:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 16th, 11:38–12:26 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 48 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 3873 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 17 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1920 falls on Friday 17 September. Pañcamī runs from 13:31 on Thu 16 Sep to 14:41 on Fri 17 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8121, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-17T14:41:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z", "ms": -1555417131323.8845 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-18T16:28:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z", "ms": -1555324299638.743 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-17T14:41:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z", "ms": -1555417131323.8845 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-18T16:28:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z", "ms": -1555324299638.743 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-17T11:37:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T08:37:48Z", "ms": -1555428132200.302 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-17T12:25:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-17T09:25:48Z", "ms": -1555425252200.302 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-18T11:37:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T08:37:27Z", "ms": -1555341753365.668 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-18T12:25:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T09:25:27Z", "ms": -1555338873365.668 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:41 on Fri 17 Sep to 16:28 on Sat 18 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-17T11:41:09Z → 1920-09-18T13:28:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 17th, 11:37–12:25 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 48 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8121 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Mosul, 1920: Saturday 18 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1920 falls on Saturday 18 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:41 on Fri 17 Sep to 16:28 on Sat 18 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14574, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-18T16:28:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z", "ms": -1555324299638.743 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-19T18:42:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z", "ms": -1555229874408.6404 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-18T16:28:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z", "ms": -1555324299638.743 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-19T18:42:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z", "ms": -1555229874408.6404 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-18T11:37:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T08:37:27Z", "ms": -1555341753365.668 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-18T12:25:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-18T09:25:27Z", "ms": -1555338873365.668 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-19T11:37:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T08:37:05Z", "ms": -1555255374524.3254 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-19T12:25:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T09:25:05Z", "ms": -1555252494524.3254 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 16:28 on Sat 18 Sep to 18:42 on Sun 19 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-18T13:28:20Z → 1920-09-19T15:42:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 18th, 11:37–12:25 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14574 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 19 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 19 September. Saptamī runs from 16:28 on Sat 18 Sep to 18:42 on Sun 19 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22620, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-19T18:42:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z", "ms": -1555229874408.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-20T21:09:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-20T18:09:03Z", "ms": -1555134657272.3499 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-19T18:42:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z", "ms": -1555229874408.6404 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-20T21:09:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-20T18:09:03Z", "ms": -1555134657272.3499 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-19T11:37:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T08:37:05Z", "ms": -1555255374524.3254 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-19T12:25:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-19T09:25:05Z", "ms": -1555252494524.3254 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-20T11:36:44+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-20T08:36:44Z", "ms": -1555168995656.8223 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-20T12:24:44+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-20T09:24:44Z", "ms": -1555166115656.8223 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 18:42 on Sun 19 Sep to 21:09 on Mon 20 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-19T15:42:06Z → 1920-09-20T18:09:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:37–12:25 on the 19th, 11:37–12:25 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 22620 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1920: Monday 20 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rādhāṣṭamī 1920 falls on Monday 20 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 18:42 on Sun 19 Sep to 21:09 on Mon 20 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-09-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8779, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-23T01:45:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-22T22:45:17Z", "ms": -1554945283188.786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T03:30:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z", "ms": -1554852575374.3655 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-23T01:45:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-22T22:45:17Z", "ms": -1554945283188.786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T03:30:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z", "ms": -1554852575374.3655 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-23T05:55:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-23T02:55:55Z", "ms": -1554930244588.2666 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-23T05:55:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-23T02:55:55Z", "ms": -1554930244588.2666 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T05:56:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T02:56:43Z", "ms": -1554843796671.9785 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T05:56:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T02:56:43Z", "ms": -1554843796671.9785 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 01:45 on Thu 23 Sep to 03:30 on Fri 24 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-22T22:45:17Z → 1920-09-24T00:30:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:56 on the 23rd and 05:57 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8779 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 23 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Thursday 23 September. Ekādaśī runs from 01:45 on Thu 23 Sep to 03:30 on Fri 24 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-09-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24702, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T03:30:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z", "ms": -1554852575374.3655 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-25T04:43:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z", "ms": -1554761802389.1868 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T03:30:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z", "ms": -1554852575374.3655 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-25T04:43:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z", "ms": -1554761802389.1868 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T11:35:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T08:35:20Z", "ms": -1554823479516.437 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T12:23:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T09:23:20Z", "ms": -1554820599516.437 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-25T11:35:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T08:35:00Z", "ms": -1554737100206.7847 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-25T12:23:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T09:23:00Z", "ms": -1554734220206.7847 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 03:30 on Fri 24 Sep to 04:43 on Sat 25 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-24T00:30:25Z → 1920-09-25T01:43:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:35–12:23 on the 24th, 11:35–12:23 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24702 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vāmana Jayantī 1920 falls on Friday 24 September. Dvādaśī runs from 03:30 on Fri 24 Sep to 04:43 on Sat 25 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-09-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32755, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-25T04:43:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z", "ms": -1554761802389.1868 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-26T05:21:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z", "ms": -1554673130557.7502 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-25T04:43:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z", "ms": -1554761802389.1868 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-26T05:21:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z", "ms": -1554673130557.7502 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-24T18:01:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T15:01:58Z", "ms": -1554800282360.8955 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-24T19:37:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-24T16:37:22Z", "ms": -1554794557861.992 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-25T18:00:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T15:00:28Z", "ms": -1554713971794.45 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-25T19:36:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-25T16:36:11Z", "ms": -1554708228943.8428 } }, "covered_min": 96, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 04:43 on Sat 25 Sep to 05:21 on Sun 26 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-25T01:43:18Z → 1920-09-26T02:21:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:02–19:37 on the 24th, 18:00–19:36 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 95 minutes on the 24th and 96 of 96 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32755 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 25 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 25 September. Trayodaśī runs from 04:43 on Sat 25 Sep to 05:21 on Sun 26 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-09-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-09-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2076, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-09-26T05:21:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z", "ms": -1554673130557.7502 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-27T05:24:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-27T02:24:32Z", "ms": -1554586528335.7185 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-09-26T05:21:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z", "ms": -1554673130557.7502 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-27T05:24:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-27T02:24:32Z", "ms": -1554586528335.7185 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-26T05:58:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T02:58:20Z", "ms": -1554670900414.8967 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-26T08:22:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-26T05:22:27Z", "ms": -1554662252545.9443 } }, "covered_min": 144, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-27T05:59:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-27T02:59:08Z", "ms": -1554584452043.7473 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-27T08:22:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-27T05:22:48Z", "ms": -1554575831666.3188 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 144, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:21 on Sun 26 Sep to 05:25 on Mon 27 Sep.", "fact": "1920-09-26T02:21:09Z → 1920-09-27T02:24:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:58–08:22 on the 26th, 05:59–08:23 on the 27th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 144 of 144 minutes on the 26th and 0 of 144 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2076 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 26 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-09-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ananta Caturdaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 26 September. Caturdaśī runs from 05:21 on Sun 26 Sep to 05:25 on Mon 27 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-10-01", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11375, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-01T01:06:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-30T22:06:00Z", "ms": -1554256439773.1648 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-01T23:16:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-01T20:16:05Z", "ms": -1554176634673.0933 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-01T01:06:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-30T22:06:00Z", "ms": -1554256439773.1648 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-01T23:16:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-01T20:16:05Z", "ms": -1554176634673.0933 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-09-30T19:20:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-30T16:20:35Z", "ms": -1554277165164.5027 }, "end": { "local": "1920-09-30T19:20:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-09-30T16:20:35Z", "ms": -1554277165164.5027 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-01T20:06:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-01T17:06:31Z", "ms": -1554188009245.658 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-01T20:06:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-01T17:06:31Z", "ms": -1554188009245.658 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:06 on Fri 1 Oct to 23:16 on Fri 1 Oct.", "fact": "1920-09-30T22:06:00Z → 1920-10-01T20:16:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:21 on the 30th and 20:07 on the 1st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 30th and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11375 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 1 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Friday 1 October. Caturthī runs from 01:06 on Fri 1 Oct to 23:16 on Fri 1 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-10-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-02", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1102, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-02T21:16:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-02T18:16:15Z", "ms": -1554097424745.5752 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-03T19:09:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-03T16:09:42Z", "ms": -1554018618410.3657 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-02T21:16:15+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-02T18:16:15Z", "ms": -1554097424745.5752 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-03T19:09:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-03T16:09:42Z", "ms": -1554018618410.3657 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-02T20:57:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-02T17:57:54Z", "ms": -1554098526465.592 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-02T20:57:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-02T17:57:54Z", "ms": -1554098526465.592 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-03T21:54:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-03T18:54:42Z", "ms": -1554008718192.179 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-03T21:54:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-03T18:54:42Z", "ms": -1554008718192.179 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:16 on Sat 2 Oct to 19:10 on Sun 3 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-02T18:16:15Z → 1920-10-03T16:09:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:58 on the 2nd and 21:55 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → tithi-day · margin 1102 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-02", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-02", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1920 falls on Saturday 2 October. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 21:16 on Sat 2 Oct to 19:10 on Sun 3 Oct, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2881, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T16:59:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z", "ms": -1553940046415.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T14:47:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T11:47:33Z", "ms": -1553861546906.0898 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T16:59:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z", "ms": -1553940046415.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T14:47:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T11:47:33Z", "ms": -1553861546906.0898 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T17:47:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T14:47:14Z", "ms": -1553937165760.0518 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-04T19:25:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T16:25:42Z", "ms": -1553931257939.2046 } }, "covered_min": 98, "window_min": 98, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-05T17:45:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T14:45:48Z", "ms": -1553850852171.315 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T19:24:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T16:24:34Z", "ms": -1553844926084.3552 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:59 on Mon 4 Oct to 14:48 on Tue 5 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z → 1920-10-05T11:47:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:47–19:26 on the 4th, 17:46–19:25 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 98 of 98 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 99 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2881 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1920: Monday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1920 falls on Monday 4 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:59 on Mon 4 Oct to 14:48 on Tue 5 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21409, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T16:59:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z", "ms": -1553940046415.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T14:47:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T11:47:33Z", "ms": -1553861546906.0898 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T16:59:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z", "ms": -1553940046415.7805 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-05T14:47:33+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T11:47:33Z", "ms": -1553861546906.0898 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-04T22:56:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T19:56:03Z", "ms": -1553918637415.9585 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-04T22:56:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-04T19:56:03Z", "ms": -1553918637415.9585 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-06T00:00:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T21:00:24Z", "ms": -1553828376025.443 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-06T00:00:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-05T21:00:24Z", "ms": -1553828376025.443 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 16:59 on Mon 4 Oct to 14:48 on Tue 5 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-04T13:59:14Z → 1920-10-05T11:47:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:56 on the 4th and 00:00 on the 5th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21409 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Mosul, 1920: Monday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1920 falls on Monday 4 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 16:59 on Mon 4 Oct to 14:48 on Tue 5 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-10-08", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8858, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-07T10:32:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-07T07:32:22Z", "ms": -1553704058013.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-08T08:35:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T05:35:53Z", "ms": -1553624646506.9065 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-07T10:32:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-07T07:32:22Z", "ms": -1553704058013.0425 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-08T08:35:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T05:35:53Z", "ms": -1553624646506.9065 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-07T06:07:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-07T03:07:24Z", "ms": -1553719955627.2688 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-07T06:07:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-07T03:07:24Z", "ms": -1553719955627.2688 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-08T06:08:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T03:08:16Z", "ms": -1553633504421.4521 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-08T06:08:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T03:08:16Z", "ms": -1553633504421.4521 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:32 on Thu 7 Oct to 08:36 on Fri 8 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-07T07:32:22Z → 1920-10-08T05:35:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:07 on the 7th and 06:08 on the 8th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 7th and is on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8858 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Indirā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Friday 8 October. Ekādaśī runs from 10:32 on Thu 7 Oct to 08:36 on Fri 8 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-10-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-10-09", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36415, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-09T06:52:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T03:52:29Z", "ms": -1553544451254.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-10T05:27:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z", "ms": -1553463179338.9727 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-09T06:52:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T03:52:29Z", "ms": -1553544451254.6143 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-10T05:27:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z", "ms": -1553463179338.9727 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-08T17:41:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T14:41:32Z", "ms": -1553591908417.0947 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-08T19:21:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-08T16:21:12Z", "ms": -1553585927680.9922 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-09T17:40:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T14:40:07Z", "ms": -1553505592738.9956 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-09T19:20:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T16:20:06Z", "ms": -1553499593846.826 } }, "covered_min": 100, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:52 on Sat 9 Oct to 05:27 on Sun 10 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-09T03:52:29Z → 1920-10-10T02:27:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:42–19:21 on the 8th, 17:40–19:20 on the 9th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 8th and 100 of 100 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36415 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Saturday 9 October. Trayodaśī runs from 06:52 on Sat 9 Oct to 05:27 on Sun 10 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-10-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-10-10", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14750, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-10T05:27:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z", "ms": -1553463179338.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-11T04:24:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z", "ms": -1553380522886.0706 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-10T05:27:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z", "ms": -1553463179338.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-11T04:24:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z", "ms": -1553380522886.0706 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-09T23:31:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T20:31:03Z", "ms": -1553484536893.3599 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-10T00:19:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-09T21:19:03Z", "ms": -1553481656893.3599 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-10T23:30:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T20:30:47Z", "ms": -1553398152669.898 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-11T00:18:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-10T21:18:47Z", "ms": -1553395272669.898 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 05:27 on Sun 10 Oct to 04:25 on Mon 11 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-10T02:27:01Z → 1920-10-11T01:24:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:31–00:19 on the 9th, 23:31–00:19 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 48 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14750 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Sunday 10 October. Caturdaśī runs from 05:27 on Sun 10 Oct to 04:25 on Mon 11 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-10-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31088, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1920-10-11T04:24:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z", "ms": -1553380522886.0706 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-12T03:50:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z", "ms": -1553296183375.8171 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-11T04:24:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z", "ms": -1553380522886.0706 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-12T03:50:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z", "ms": -1553296183375.8171 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-11T13:02:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T10:02:45Z", "ms": -1553349435293.7322 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-11T15:20:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-11T12:20:03Z", "ms": -1553341197434.152 } }, "covered_min": 137, "window_min": 137, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-12T13:02:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T10:02:16Z", "ms": -1553263063767.2332 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-12T15:19:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T12:19:07Z", "ms": -1553254852900.2505 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 137, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 04:25 on Mon 11 Oct to 03:50 on Tue 12 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-11T01:24:37Z → 1920-10-12T00:50:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:03–15:20 on the 11th, 13:02–15:19 on the 12th.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 137 of 137 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 137 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31088 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Mosul, 1920: Monday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1920 falls on Monday 11 October. Amāvasyā runs from 04:25 on Mon 11 Oct to 03:50 on Tue 12 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27574, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-10-12T03:50:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z", "ms": -1553296183375.8171 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-13T03:48:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-13T00:48:14Z", "ms": -1553209905843.679 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-12T03:50:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z", "ms": -1553296183375.8171 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-13T03:48:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-13T00:48:14Z", "ms": -1553209905843.679 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-12T11:29:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T08:29:51Z", "ms": -1553268609200.7246 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-12T12:17:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-12T09:17:51Z", "ms": -1553265729200.7246 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-13T11:29:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-13T08:29:36Z", "ms": -1553182223674.3726 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-13T12:17:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-13T09:17:36Z", "ms": -1553179343674.3726 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 03:50 on Tue 12 Oct to 03:48 on Wed 13 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-12T00:50:17Z → 1920-10-13T00:48:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:30–12:18 on the 12th, 11:30–12:18 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27574 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 12 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1920 falls on Tuesday 12 October. Pratipadā runs from 03:50 on Tue 12 Oct to 03:48 on Wed 13 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-10-15", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15435, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-15T05:29:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-15T02:29:58Z", "ms": -1553031002093.495 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-16T07:11:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-16T04:11:41Z", "ms": -1552938498750.585 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-15T05:29:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-15T02:29:58Z", "ms": -1553031002093.495 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-16T07:11:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-16T04:11:41Z", "ms": -1552938498750.585 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-15T11:29:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-15T08:29:09Z", "ms": -1553009451051.753 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-15T12:17:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-15T09:17:09Z", "ms": -1553006571051.753 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-16T11:28:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-16T08:28:56Z", "ms": -1552923063925.4248 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-16T12:16:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-16T09:16:56Z", "ms": -1552920183925.4248 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:30 on Fri 15 Oct to 07:12 on Sat 16 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-15T02:29:58Z → 1920-10-16T04:11:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:29–12:17 on the 15th, 11:29–12:17 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15435 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 15 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Friday 15 October. Caturthī runs from 05:30 on Fri 15 Oct to 07:12 on Sat 16 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-10-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17047, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-18T11:45:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-18T08:45:56Z", "ms": -1552749244332.819 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-19T14:16:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z", "ms": -1552653836625.111 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-18T11:45:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-18T08:45:56Z", "ms": -1552749244332.819 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-19T14:16:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z", "ms": -1552653836625.111 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-18T06:17:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-18T03:17:06Z", "ms": -1552768974354.0996 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-18T07:01:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-18T04:01:49Z", "ms": -1552766290835.6807 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 45, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-19T06:18:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T03:18:00Z", "ms": -1552682519512.1125 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-19T07:02:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T04:02:35Z", "ms": -1552679844790.7036 } }, "covered_min": 45, "window_min": 45, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 11:46 on Mon 18 Oct to 14:16 on Tue 19 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-18T08:45:56Z → 1920-10-19T11:16:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:17–07:02 on the 18th, 06:18–07:03 on the 19th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 0 of 45 minutes on the 18th and 45 of 45 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17047 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Durgā Saptamī 1920 falls on Tuesday 19 October. Saptamī runs from 11:46 on Mon 18 Oct to 14:16 on Tue 19 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7182, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-19T14:16:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z", "ms": -1552653836625.111 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-20T16:36:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z", "ms": -1552558989935.844 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-19T14:16:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z", "ms": -1552653836625.111 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-20T16:36:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z", "ms": -1552558989935.844 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-19T11:28:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T08:28:21Z", "ms": -1552663899101.545 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-19T12:16:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-19T09:16:21Z", "ms": -1552661019101.545 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T11:28:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T08:28:10Z", "ms": -1552577509626.2732 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-20T12:16:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T09:16:10Z", "ms": -1552574629626.2732 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 14:16 on Tue 19 Oct to 16:37 on Wed 20 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-19T11:16:03Z → 1920-10-20T13:36:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:28–12:16 on the 19th, 11:28–12:16 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7182 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 20 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1920 falls on Wednesday 20 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 14:16 on Tue 19 Oct to 16:37 on Wed 20 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15640, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T16:36:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z", "ms": -1552558989935.844 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T18:35:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z", "ms": -1552465488161.5837 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T16:36:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z", "ms": -1552558989935.844 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T18:35:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z", "ms": -1552465488161.5837 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-20T11:28:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T08:28:10Z", "ms": -1552577509626.2732 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-20T12:16:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-20T09:16:10Z", "ms": -1552574629626.2732 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-21T11:28:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T08:28:00Z", "ms": -1552491119524.2031 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T12:16:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T09:16:00Z", "ms": -1552488239524.2031 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 16:37 on Wed 20 Oct to 18:35 on Thu 21 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-20T13:36:50Z → 1920-10-21T15:35:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:28–12:16 on the 20th, 11:28–12:16 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 15640 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 21 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahānavamī 1920 falls on Thursday 21 October. Navamī runs from 16:37 on Wed 20 Oct to 18:35 on Thu 21 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4262, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-21T18:35:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z", "ms": -1552465488161.5837 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-22T20:00:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z", "ms": -1552373960428.9573 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-21T18:35:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z", "ms": -1552465488161.5837 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-22T20:00:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z", "ms": -1552373960428.9573 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-21T11:28:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T08:28:00Z", "ms": -1552491119524.2031 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-21T12:16:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-21T09:16:00Z", "ms": -1552488239524.2031 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-22T11:27:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T08:27:51Z", "ms": -1552404728779.2786 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-22T12:15:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T09:15:51Z", "ms": -1552401848779.2786 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 18:35 on Thu 21 Oct to 20:01 on Fri 22 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-21T15:35:12Z → 1920-10-22T17:00:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:28–12:16 on the 21st, 11:28–12:16 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so the rest of the rule applies. Daśamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 48 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4262 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 22 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1920 falls on Friday 22 October. Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time on neither day, so madhyāhna decides. Daśamī runs from 18:35 on Thu 21 Oct to 20:01 on Fri 22 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-10-23", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34572, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-22T20:00:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z", "ms": -1552373960428.9573 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-23T20:46:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-23T17:46:28Z", "ms": -1552284811888.7717 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-22T20:00:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z", "ms": -1552373960428.9573 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-23T20:46:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-23T17:46:28Z", "ms": -1552284811888.7717 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-23T06:21:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-23T03:21:43Z", "ms": -1552336696782.4521 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-23T06:21:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-23T03:21:43Z", "ms": -1552336696782.4521 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-24T06:22:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T03:22:40Z", "ms": -1552250240261.6794 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-24T06:22:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T03:22:40Z", "ms": -1552250240261.6794 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 20:01 on Fri 22 Oct to 20:46 on Sat 23 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-22T17:00:40Z → 1920-10-23T17:46:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:22 on the 23rd and 06:23 on the 24th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 34572 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 23 October. Ekādaśī runs from 20:01 on Fri 22 Oct to 20:46 on Sat 23 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-10-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-10-25", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4074, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-24T20:49:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T17:49:54Z", "ms": -1552198205519.0972 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-25T20:11:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-25T17:11:54Z", "ms": -1552114086033.517 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-24T20:49:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T17:49:54Z", "ms": -1552198205519.0972 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-25T20:11:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-25T17:11:54Z", "ms": -1552114086033.517 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-24T17:20:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T14:20:30Z", "ms": -1552210770329.8838 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-24T19:04:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-24T16:04:55Z", "ms": -1552204505406.812 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-10-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-25T17:19:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-25T14:19:18Z", "ms": -1552124441641.2527 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-25T19:04:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-25T16:04:00Z", "ms": -1552118159584.8975 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 20:50 on Sun 24 Oct to 20:12 on Mon 25 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-24T17:49:54Z → 1920-10-25T17:11:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:20–19:05 on the 24th, 17:19–19:04 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 24th and 105 of 105 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4074 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Monday 25 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Monday 25 October. Trayodaśī runs from 20:50 on Sun 24 Oct to 20:12 on Mon 25 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-10-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36106, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T09:45:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z", "ms": -1551719682666.8591 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T07:01:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T04:01:58Z", "ms": -1551643082165.9001 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T09:45:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z", "ms": -1551719682666.8591 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T07:01:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T04:01:58Z", "ms": -1551643082165.9001 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T19:47:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T16:47:03Z", "ms": -1551683576808.592 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-30T19:47:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T16:47:03Z", "ms": -1551683576808.592 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-31T20:48:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T17:48:37Z", "ms": -1551593482535.595 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T20:48:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T17:48:37Z", "ms": -1551593482535.595 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:45 on Sat 30 Oct to 07:02 on Sun 31 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z → 1920-10-31T04:01:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:47 on the 30th and 20:49 on the 31st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36106 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1920 falls on Saturday 30 October. Caturthī runs from 09:45 on Sat 30 Oct to 07:02 on Sun 31 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-10-30", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36106, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T09:45:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z", "ms": -1551719682666.8591 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T07:01:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T04:01:58Z", "ms": -1551643082165.9001 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T09:45:17+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z", "ms": -1551719682666.8591 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T07:01:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T04:01:58Z", "ms": -1551643082165.9001 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-30T19:47:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T16:47:03Z", "ms": -1551683576808.592 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-30T19:47:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-30T16:47:03Z", "ms": -1551683576808.592 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-10-31T20:48:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T17:48:37Z", "ms": -1551593482535.595 }, "end": { "local": "1920-10-31T20:48:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-10-31T17:48:37Z", "ms": -1551593482535.595 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:45 on Sat 30 Oct to 07:02 on Sun 31 Oct.", "fact": "1920-10-30T06:45:17Z → 1920-10-31T04:01:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:47 on the 30th and 20:49 on the 31st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 30th and is not on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36106 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Saturday 30 October. Caturthī runs from 09:45 on Sat 30 Oct to 07:02 on Sun 31 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-10-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-02", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 2212, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-02T23:36:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-02T20:36:06Z", "ms": -1551410633616.1492 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-03T21:38:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-03T18:38:22Z", "ms": -1551331298157.552 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-02T23:36:06+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-02T20:36:06Z", "ms": -1551410633616.1492 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-03T21:38:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-03T18:38:22Z", "ms": -1551331298157.552 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-02T22:59:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-02T19:59:14Z", "ms": -1551412845516.4504 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-02T22:59:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-02T19:59:14Z", "ms": -1551412845516.4504 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-04T00:04:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-03T21:04:49Z", "ms": -1551322511371.6504 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-04T00:04:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-03T21:04:49Z", "ms": -1551322511371.6504 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 23:36 on Tue 2 Nov to 21:38 on Wed 3 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-02T20:36:06Z → 1920-11-03T18:38:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:59 on the 2nd and 00:05 on the 3rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 2nd and is not on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 2212 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 2 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-02", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-02", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1920 falls on Tuesday 2 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 23:36 on Tue 2 Nov to 21:38 on Wed 3 Nov, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-11-06", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 41030, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-05T18:48:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-05T15:48:12Z", "ms": -1551168707934.838 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-06T17:59:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z", "ms": -1551085246430.1392 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-05T18:48:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-05T15:48:12Z", "ms": -1551168707934.838 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-06T17:59:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z", "ms": -1551085246430.1392 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-05T06:34:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-05T03:34:23Z", "ms": -1551212736674.1084 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-05T06:34:23+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-05T03:34:23Z", "ms": -1551212736674.1084 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-06T06:35:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T03:35:24Z", "ms": -1551126276153.5195 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-06T06:35:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T03:35:24Z", "ms": -1551126276153.5195 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:48 on Fri 5 Nov to 17:59 on Sat 6 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-05T15:48:12Z → 1920-11-06T14:59:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:34 on the 5th and 06:35 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 5th and is on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 41030 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ramā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Saturday 6 November. Ekādaśī runs from 18:48 on Fri 5 Nov to 17:59 on Sat 6 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-11-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1803, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-06T17:59:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z", "ms": -1551085246430.1392 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T17:35:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-06T17:59:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z", "ms": -1551085246430.1392 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T17:35:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-06T17:06:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T14:06:37Z", "ms": -1551088402566.4753 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-06T18:54:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-06T15:54:36Z", "ms": -1551081924279.6824 } }, "covered_min": 55, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T17:05:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:05:43Z", "ms": -1551002057035.5713 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T18:53:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T15:53:57Z", "ms": -1550995563362.0808 } }, "covered_min": 30, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 17:59 on Sat 6 Nov to 17:36 on Sun 7 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-06T14:59:14Z → 1920-11-07T14:35:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:07–18:55 on the 6th, 17:06–18:54 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 55 of 108 minutes on the 6th and 30 of 108 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 1803 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 6 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1920 falls on Saturday 6 November. Dvādaśī runs from 17:59 on Sat 6 Nov to 17:36 on Sun 7 Nov and covers 55 of 108 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 30 minutes; by the rule the first evening is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1803, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T17:35:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T17:38:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T17:35:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T17:38:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T17:05:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:05:43Z", "ms": -1551002057035.5713 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T18:53:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T15:53:57Z", "ms": -1550995563362.0808 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T17:04:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:04:50Z", "ms": -1550915709984.8657 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T18:53:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T15:53:19Z", "ms": -1550909201105.0576 } }, "covered_min": 34, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:36 on Sun 7 Nov to 17:39 on Mon 8 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z → 1920-11-08T14:38:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:06–18:54 on the 7th, 17:05–18:53 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 78 of 108 minutes on the 7th and 34 of 108 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1803 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Yama Dīpadāna 1920 falls on Sunday 7 November. Trayodaśī runs from 17:36 on Sun 7 Nov to 17:39 on Mon 8 Nov and covers 78 of 108 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 34 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-11-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1803, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T17:35:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T17:38:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T17:35:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z", "ms": -1551000254453.7568 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T17:38:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-07T17:05:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T14:05:43Z", "ms": -1551002057035.5713 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-07T18:53:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-07T15:53:57Z", "ms": -1550995563362.0808 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T17:04:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:04:50Z", "ms": -1550915709984.8657 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-08T18:53:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T15:53:19Z", "ms": -1550909201105.0576 } }, "covered_min": 34, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:36 on Sun 7 Nov to 17:39 on Mon 8 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-07T14:35:46Z → 1920-11-08T14:38:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:06–18:54 on the 7th, 17:05–18:53 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 78 of 108 minutes on the 7th and 34 of 108 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1803 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Sunday 7 November. Trayodaśī runs from 17:36 on Sun 7 Nov to 17:39 on Mon 8 Nov and covers 78 of 108 minutes of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the next evening for 34 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-11-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-11-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19176, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T17:38:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T18:08:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T17:38:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T18:08:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T23:27:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T20:27:38Z", "ms": -1550892741685.585 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T00:15:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T21:15:38Z", "ms": -1550889861685.585 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T23:27:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T20:27:43Z", "ms": -1550806336768.241 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T00:15:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T21:15:43Z", "ms": -1550803456768.241 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:39 on Mon 8 Nov to 18:08 on Tue 9 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z → 1920-11-09T15:08:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:28–00:16 on the 8th, 23:28–00:16 on the 9th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19176 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1920: Monday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Monday 8 November. Caturdaśī runs from 17:39 on Mon 8 Nov to 18:08 on Tue 9 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-11-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38556, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T17:38:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T18:08:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-08T17:38:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z", "ms": -1550913687843.188 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T18:08:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T04:49:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T01:49:58Z", "ms": -1550873402266.1125 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T06:38:27+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T03:38:27Z", "ms": -1550866893386.3044 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T04:50:44+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T01:50:44Z", "ms": -1550786956047.6277 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T06:39:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T03:39:28Z", "ms": -1550780432149.223 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:39 on Mon 8 Nov to 18:08 on Tue 9 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-08T14:38:32Z → 1920-11-09T15:08:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:50–06:38 on the 9th, 04:51–06:39 on the 10th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 108 of 108 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 109 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 38556 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1920 falls on Tuesday 9 November. Caturdaśī runs from 17:39 on Mon 8 Nov to 18:08 on Tue 9 Nov and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15781, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T18:08:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T19:04:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T18:08:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T19:04:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T23:27:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T20:27:43Z", "ms": -1550806336768.241 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T00:15:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T21:15:43Z", "ms": -1550803456768.241 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T23:27:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T20:27:49Z", "ms": -1550719931009.4758 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T00:15:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T21:15:49Z", "ms": -1550717051009.4758 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 18:08 on Tue 9 Nov to 19:05 on Wed 10 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z → 1920-11-10T16:04:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:28–00:16 on the 9th, 23:28–00:16 on the 10th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15781 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 9 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kālī Pūjā 1920 falls on Tuesday 9 November. Amāvasyā runs from 18:08 on Tue 9 Nov to 19:05 on Wed 10 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-10", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 761, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T18:08:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T19:04:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T18:08:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z", "ms": -1550825512493.094 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T19:04:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-09T17:03:59+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T14:03:59Z", "ms": -1550829361387.259 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-09T18:52:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-09T15:52:43Z", "ms": -1550822837488.8542 } }, "covered_min": 45, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T17:03:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T14:03:09Z", "ms": -1550743011216.2432 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T18:52:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T15:52:08Z", "ms": -1550736472494.4385 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 18:08 on Tue 9 Nov to 19:05 on Wed 10 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-09T15:08:08Z → 1920-11-10T16:04:48Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:04–18:53 on the 9th, 17:03–18:52 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 45 of 109 minutes on the 9th and 109 of 109 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 761 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-10", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-10", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1920 falls on Wednesday 10 November. Amāvasyā runs from 18:08 on Tue 9 Nov to 19:05 on Wed 10 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 45 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24570, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T19:04:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T20:28:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T19:04:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T20:28:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T11:27:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T08:27:18Z", "ms": -1550763161682.733 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T12:15:18+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T09:15:18Z", "ms": -1550760281682.733 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T11:27:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T08:27:25Z", "ms": -1550676755124.2192 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T12:15:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T09:15:25Z", "ms": -1550673875124.2192 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 19:05 on Wed 10 Nov to 20:28 on Thu 11 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z → 1920-11-11T17:28:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 10th, 11:27–12:15 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 24570 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Govardhana Pūjā 1920 falls on Thursday 11 November. Pratipadā runs from 19:05 on Wed 10 Nov to 20:28 on Thu 11 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 761, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T19:04:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T20:28:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T19:04:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T20:28:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T17:03:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T14:03:09Z", "ms": -1550743011216.2432 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T18:52:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T15:52:08Z", "ms": -1550736472494.4385 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T17:02:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T14:02:21Z", "ms": -1550656659445.7302 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T18:51:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T15:51:34Z", "ms": -1550650106103.3325 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 19:05 on Wed 10 Nov to 20:28 on Thu 11 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z → 1920-11-11T17:28:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:03–18:52 on the 10th, 17:02–18:52 on the 11th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 109 minutes on the 10th and 109 of 109 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 761 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bali Pūjā 1920 falls on Thursday 11 November. Pratipadā runs from 19:05 on Wed 10 Nov to 20:28 on Thu 11 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32247, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T19:04:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T20:28:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T19:04:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z", "ms": -1550735711550.7905 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T20:28:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-10T06:39:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T03:39:28Z", "ms": -1550780432149.223 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-10T10:07:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-10T07:07:21Z", "ms": -1550767958504.8962 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 208, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T06:40:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T03:40:29Z", "ms": -1550693970802.7085 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T10:07:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T07:07:46Z", "ms": -1550681533683.7158 } }, "covered_min": 207, "window_min": 207, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 19:05 on Wed 10 Nov to 20:28 on Thu 11 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-10T16:04:48Z → 1920-11-11T17:28:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:39–10:07 on the 10th, 06:40–10:08 on the 11th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 208 minutes on the 10th and 207 of 207 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 32247 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 11 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Dyūta Pratipad 1920 falls on Thursday 11 November. Pratipadā runs from 19:05 on Wed 10 Nov to 20:28 on Thu 11 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29569, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T20:28:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T22:16:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T19:16:53Z", "ms": -1550551386983.3071 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T20:28:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z", "ms": -1550644305919.3464 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T22:16:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T19:16:53Z", "ms": -1550551386983.3071 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-11T11:27:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T08:27:25Z", "ms": -1550676755124.2192 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-11T12:15:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-11T09:15:25Z", "ms": -1550673875124.2192 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-12T11:27:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T08:27:32Z", "ms": -1550590347713.836 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-12T12:15:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-12T09:15:32Z", "ms": -1550587467713.836 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 20:28 on Thu 11 Nov to 22:17 on Fri 12 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-11T17:28:14Z → 1920-11-12T19:16:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 11th, 11:28–12:16 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29569 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Mosul, 1920: Friday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1920 falls on Friday 12 November. Dvitīyā runs from 20:28 on Thu 11 Nov to 22:17 on Fri 12 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30840, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T00:27:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z", "ms": -1550457156134.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-15T02:54:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T23:54:00Z", "ms": -1550361960405.856 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T00:27:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z", "ms": -1550457156134.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-15T02:54:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T23:54:00Z", "ms": -1550361960405.856 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T11:27:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T08:27:50Z", "ms": -1550417530351.4685 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-14T12:15:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T09:15:50Z", "ms": -1550414650351.4685 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-15T11:28:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-15T08:28:00Z", "ms": -1550331120408.1086 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-15T12:16:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-15T09:16:00Z", "ms": -1550328240408.1086 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:27 on Sun 14 Nov to 02:54 on Mon 15 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z → 1920-11-14T23:54:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:28–12:16 on the 14th, 11:28–12:16 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 30840 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nāga Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 14 November. Caturthī runs from 00:27 on Sun 14 Nov to 02:54 on Mon 15 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-11-14", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30840, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T00:27:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z", "ms": -1550457156134.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-15T02:54:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T23:54:00Z", "ms": -1550361960405.856 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T00:27:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z", "ms": -1550457156134.7551 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-15T02:54:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T23:54:00Z", "ms": -1550361960405.856 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-14T11:27:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T08:27:50Z", "ms": -1550417530351.4685 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-14T12:15:50+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-14T09:15:50Z", "ms": -1550414650351.4685 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-15T11:28:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-15T08:28:00Z", "ms": -1550331120408.1086 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-15T12:16:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-15T09:16:00Z", "ms": -1550328240408.1086 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:27 on Sun 14 Nov to 02:54 on Mon 15 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-13T21:27:24Z → 1920-11-14T23:54:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:28–12:16 on the 14th, 11:28–12:16 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30840 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 14 November. Caturthī runs from 00:27 on Sun 14 Nov to 02:54 on Mon 15 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-11-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12557, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-16T05:28:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-16T02:28:11Z", "ms": -1550266308955.3738 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-17T07:59:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-17T04:59:05Z", "ms": -1550170854924.835 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-16T05:28:11+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-16T02:28:11Z", "ms": -1550266308955.3738 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-17T07:59:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-17T04:59:05Z", "ms": -1550170854924.835 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-16T11:28:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-16T08:28:10Z", "ms": -1550244709630.0806 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-16T12:16:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-16T09:16:10Z", "ms": -1550241829630.0806 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-17T11:28:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-17T08:28:22Z", "ms": -1550158298023.243 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-17T12:16:22+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-17T09:16:22Z", "ms": -1550155418023.243 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:28 on Tue 16 Nov to 07:59 on Wed 17 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-16T02:28:11Z → 1920-11-17T04:59:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:28–12:16 on the 16th, 11:28–12:16 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12557 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 16 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1920 falls on Tuesday 16 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 05:28 on Tue 16 Nov to 07:59 on Wed 17 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-18", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 884, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-18T10:14:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T07:14:25Z", "ms": -1550076335188.014 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T12:02:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-18T10:14:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T07:14:25Z", "ms": -1550076335188.014 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T12:02:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-18T11:28:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T08:28:34Z", "ms": -1550071885594.073 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-18T12:16:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-18T09:16:34Z", "ms": -1550069005594.073 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T11:28:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T08:28:48Z", "ms": -1549985472349.648 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T12:16:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:16:48Z", "ms": -1549982592349.648 } }, "covered_min": 33, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 10:14 on Thu 18 Nov to 12:02 on Fri 19 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-18T07:14:25Z → 1920-11-19T09:02:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:29–12:17 on the 18th, 11:29–12:17 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 33 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 884 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 18 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-18", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-18", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gopāṣṭamī 1920 falls on Thursday 18 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 10:14 on Thu 18 Nov to 12:02 on Fri 19 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 33 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 884, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T12:02:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T13:11:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:11:47Z", "ms": -1549892892817.0852 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T12:02:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T13:11:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:11:47Z", "ms": -1549892892817.0852 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T11:28:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T08:28:48Z", "ms": -1549985472349.648 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T12:16:48+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:16:48Z", "ms": -1549982592349.648 } }, "covered_min": 15, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-20T11:29:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T08:29:02Z", "ms": -1549899058297.5894 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T12:17:02+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T09:17:02Z", "ms": -1549896178297.5894 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "purvaviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 12:02 on Fri 19 Nov to 13:12 on Sat 20 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z → 1920-11-20T10:11:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:29–12:17 on the 19th, 11:29–12:17 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 15 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify. Pūrvaviddhā: the first is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → purvaviddha · margin 884 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 19 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Durgā Navamī 1920 falls on Friday 19 November. Navamī runs from 12:02 on Fri 19 Nov to 13:12 on Sat 20 Nov and covers 15 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 48 minutes; by the rule the first midday is taken.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6638, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T12:02:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T13:11:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:11:47Z", "ms": -1549892892817.0852 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T12:02:03+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z", "ms": -1549983476507.0117 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T13:11:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T10:11:47Z", "ms": -1549892892817.0852 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-19T06:48:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T03:48:40Z", "ms": -1550002280043.579 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-19T10:11:25+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-19T07:11:25Z", "ms": -1549990114914.2917 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 203, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-20T06:49:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T03:49:41Z", "ms": -1549915819234.8022 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-20T10:11:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-20T07:11:55Z", "ms": -1549903685276.6604 } }, "covered_min": 202, "window_min": 202, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 12:02 on Fri 19 Nov to 13:12 on Sat 20 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-19T09:02:03Z → 1920-11-20T10:11:47Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:49–10:11 on the 19th, 06:50–10:12 on the 20th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 203 minutes on the 19th and 202 of 202 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6638 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Mosul, 1920: Saturday 20 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1920 falls on Saturday 20 November. Navamī runs from 12:02 on Fri 19 Nov to 13:12 on Sat 20 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-11-22", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22905, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-21T13:36:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-21T10:36:36Z", "ms": -1549805003626.7095 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-22T13:13:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-22T10:13:26Z", "ms": -1549719993500.2588 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-21T13:36:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-21T10:36:36Z", "ms": -1549805003626.7095 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-22T13:13:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-22T10:13:26Z", "ms": -1549719993500.2588 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-21T06:50:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-21T03:50:41Z", "ms": -1549829358671.0515 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-21T06:50:41+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-21T03:50:41Z", "ms": -1549829358671.0515 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-22T06:51:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-22T03:51:42Z", "ms": -1549742898391.4534 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-22T06:51:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-22T03:51:42Z", "ms": -1549742898391.4534 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:37 on Sun 21 Nov to 13:13 on Mon 22 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-21T10:36:36Z → 1920-11-22T10:13:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:51 on the 21st and 06:52 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22905 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Monday 22 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Monday 22 November. Ekādaśī runs from 13:37 on Sun 21 Nov to 13:13 on Mon 22 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-11-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-11-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17510, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-23T12:03:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-23T09:03:05Z", "ms": -1549637814562.0308 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-24T10:09:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T07:09:40Z", "ms": -1549558219675.2043 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-23T12:03:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-23T09:03:05Z", "ms": -1549637814562.0308 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-24T10:09:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T07:09:40Z", "ms": -1549558219675.2043 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-23T16:54:56+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-23T13:54:56Z", "ms": -1549620304320.6475 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-23T18:46:46+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-23T15:46:46Z", "ms": -1549613594256.7073 } }, "covered_min": 112, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-24T16:54:30+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T13:54:30Z", "ms": -1549533929516.4146 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-24T18:46:32+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T15:46:32Z", "ms": -1549527208200.6355 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 12:03 on Tue 23 Nov to 10:10 on Wed 24 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-23T09:03:05Z → 1920-11-24T07:09:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:55–18:47 on the 23rd, 16:55–18:47 on the 24th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 112 of 112 minutes on the 23rd and 0 of 112 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17510 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 23 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 23 November. Trayodaśī runs from 12:03 on Tue 23 Nov to 10:10 on Wed 24 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-11-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13833, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T07:39:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z", "ms": -1549480809492.397 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T04:42:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T01:42:00Z", "ms": -1549405080094.9429 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T07:39:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z", "ms": -1549480809492.397 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T04:42:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T01:42:00Z", "ms": -1549405080094.9429 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T11:30:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T08:30:24Z", "ms": -1549466976214.6045 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-25T12:18:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T09:18:24Z", "ms": -1549464096214.6045 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-26T11:30:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T08:30:43Z", "ms": -1549380557494.5215 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T12:18:43+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T09:18:43Z", "ms": -1549377677494.5215 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:40 on Thu 25 Nov to 04:42 on Fri 26 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z → 1920-11-26T01:42:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:30–12:18 on the 25th, 11:31–12:19 on the 26th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13833 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1920 falls on Thursday 25 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:40 on Thu 25 Nov to 04:42 on Fri 26 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15787, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T07:39:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z", "ms": -1549480809492.397 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T04:42:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T01:42:00Z", "ms": -1549405080094.9429 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T07:39:51+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z", "ms": -1549480809492.397 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T04:42:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-26T01:42:00Z", "ms": -1549405080094.9429 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-24T23:30:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T20:30:35Z", "ms": -1549510164582.2432 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-25T00:18:35+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-24T21:18:35Z", "ms": -1549507284582.2432 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-25T23:30:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T20:30:53Z", "ms": -1549423746837.9976 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-26T00:18:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-25T21:18:53Z", "ms": -1549420866837.9976 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 07:40 on Thu 25 Nov to 04:42 on Fri 26 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-25T04:39:51Z → 1920-11-26T01:42:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:31–00:19 on the 24th, 23:31–00:19 on the 25th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15787 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rāsayātrā 1920 falls on Thursday 25 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 07:40 on Thu 25 Nov to 04:42 on Fri 26 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-11-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-11-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3734, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-11-28T18:36:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-28T15:36:54Z", "ms": -1549182185757.3198 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-29T15:24:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-29T12:24:09Z", "ms": -1549107350688.4097 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-11-28T18:36:54+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-28T15:36:54Z", "ms": -1549182185757.3198 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-29T15:24:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-29T12:24:09Z", "ms": -1549107350688.4097 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-28T19:39:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-28T16:39:08Z", "ms": -1549178451957.7566 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-28T19:39:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-28T16:39:08Z", "ms": -1549178451957.7566 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-11-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-11-29T20:47:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-29T17:47:20Z", "ms": -1549087960012.9731 }, "end": { "local": "1920-11-29T20:47:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-11-29T17:47:20Z", "ms": -1549087960012.9731 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:37 on Sun 28 Nov to 15:24 on Mon 29 Nov.", "fact": "1920-11-28T15:36:54Z → 1920-11-29T12:24:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:39 on the 28th and 20:47 on the 29th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 28th and is not on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3734 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 28 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-11-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Sunday 28 November. Caturthī runs from 18:37 on Sun 28 Nov to 15:24 on Mon 29 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-11-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-12-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1240, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-05T06:13:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-05T03:13:12Z", "ms": -1548622007925.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-06T06:44:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-06T03:44:14Z", "ms": -1548533746465.7065 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-05T06:13:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-05T03:13:12Z", "ms": -1548622007925.9727 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-06T06:44:14+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-06T03:44:14Z", "ms": -1548533746465.7065 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-05T07:04:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-05T04:04:01Z", "ms": -1548618958866.4922 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-05T07:04:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-05T04:04:01Z", "ms": -1548618958866.4922 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-06T07:04:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-06T04:04:53Z", "ms": -1548532506917.9858 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-06T07:04:53+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-06T04:04:53Z", "ms": -1548532506917.9858 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:13 on Sun 5 Dec to 06:44 on Mon 6 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-05T03:13:12Z → 1920-12-06T03:44:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:04 on the 5th and 07:05 on the 6th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 5th and is not on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1240 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Sunday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Sunday 5 December. Ekādaśī runs from 06:13 on Sun 5 Dec to 06:44 on Mon 6 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-12-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-12-07", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27661, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-07T07:44:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T04:44:58Z", "ms": -1548443701583.1238 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-08T09:11:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z", "ms": -1548352133448.9285 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-07T07:44:58+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T04:44:58Z", "ms": -1548443701583.1238 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-08T09:11:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z", "ms": -1548352133448.9285 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-07T16:52:05+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T13:52:05Z", "ms": -1548410875393.372 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-07T18:46:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T15:46:01Z", "ms": -1548404039465.32 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-08T16:52:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T13:52:08Z", "ms": -1548324472336.9749 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-08T18:46:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T15:46:10Z", "ms": -1548317630292.4333 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:45 on Tue 7 Dec to 09:11 on Wed 8 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-07T04:44:58Z → 1920-12-08T06:11:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:52–18:46 on the 7th, 16:52–18:46 on the 8th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 114 of 114 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 114 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27661 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 7 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Tuesday 7 December. Trayodaśī runs from 07:45 on Tue 7 Dec to 09:11 on Wed 8 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-12-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-12-08", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31667, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-08T09:11:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z", "ms": -1548352133448.9285 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-09T10:58:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-09T07:58:31Z", "ms": -1548259288991.0425 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-08T09:11:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z", "ms": -1548352133448.9285 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-09T10:58:31+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-09T07:58:31Z", "ms": -1548259288991.0425 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-07T23:35:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T20:35:19Z", "ms": -1548386680663.177 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-08T00:23:19+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-07T21:23:19Z", "ms": -1548383800663.177 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-08T23:35:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T20:35:45Z", "ms": -1548300254669.9438 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-09T00:23:45+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-08T21:23:45Z", "ms": -1548297374669.9438 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 09:11 on Wed 8 Dec to 10:59 on Thu 9 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-08T06:11:07Z → 1920-12-09T07:58:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:35–00:23 on the 7th, 23:36–00:24 on the 8th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31667 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 8 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1920 falls on Wednesday 8 December. Caturdaśī runs from 09:11 on Wed 8 Dec to 10:59 on Thu 9 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/shivaratri?on=1920-12-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-12-14", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28900, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-13T20:27:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-13T17:27:21Z", "ms": -1547879559432.1348 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-14T23:01:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z", "ms": -1547783911255.8093 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-13T20:27:21+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-13T17:27:21Z", "ms": -1547879559432.1348 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-14T23:01:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z", "ms": -1547783911255.8093 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-13T11:37:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-13T08:37:40Z", "ms": -1547911339904.7166 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-13T12:25:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-13T09:25:40Z", "ms": -1547908459904.7166 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-14T11:38:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T08:38:09Z", "ms": -1547824910972.3208 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-14T12:26:09+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T09:26:09Z", "ms": -1547822030972.3208 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:27 on Mon 13 Dec to 23:01 on Tue 14 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-13T17:27:21Z → 1920-12-14T20:01:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:38–12:26 on the 13th, 11:38–12:26 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 28900 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 14 December. Caturthī runs from 20:27 on Mon 13 Dec to 23:01 on Tue 14 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1920-12-14", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36777, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-14T23:01:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z", "ms": -1547783911255.8093 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-16T01:26:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-14T23:01:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z", "ms": -1547783911255.8093 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-16T01:26:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-15T11:38:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T08:38:38Z", "ms": -1547738481758.8691 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-15T12:26:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T09:26:38Z", "ms": -1547735601758.8691 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T11:39:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T08:39:08Z", "ms": -1547652052299.5789 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-16T12:27:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T09:27:08Z", "ms": -1547649172299.5789 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 23:01 on Tue 14 Dec to 01:26 on Thu 16 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-14T20:01:29Z → 1920-12-15T22:26:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 15th, 11:39–12:27 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36777 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 15 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1920 falls on Wednesday 15 December. Pañcamī runs from 23:01 on Tue 14 Dec to 01:26 on Thu 16 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29293, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T01:26:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T03:31:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T01:26:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T03:31:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T11:39:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T08:39:08Z", "ms": -1547652052299.5789 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-16T12:27:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T09:27:08Z", "ms": -1547649172299.5789 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T11:39:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T08:39:37Z", "ms": -1547565622629.704 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T12:27:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T09:27:37Z", "ms": -1547562742629.704 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:26 on Thu 16 Dec to 03:31 on Fri 17 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z → 1920-12-17T00:31:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 16th, 11:40–12:28 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29293 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1920 falls on Thursday 16 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:26 on Thu 16 Dec to 03:31 on Fri 17 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29293, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T01:26:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T03:31:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T01:26:10+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z", "ms": -1547688829550.6575 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T03:31:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-16T11:39:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T08:39:08Z", "ms": -1547652052299.5789 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-16T12:27:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-16T09:27:08Z", "ms": -1547649172299.5789 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T11:39:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T08:39:37Z", "ms": -1547565622629.704 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T12:27:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T09:27:37Z", "ms": -1547562742629.704 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:26 on Thu 16 Dec to 03:31 on Fri 17 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-15T22:26:10Z → 1920-12-17T00:31:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:39–12:27 on the 16th, 11:40–12:28 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29293 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 16 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1920 falls on Thursday 16 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 01:26 on Thu 16 Dec to 03:31 on Fri 17 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23609, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T03:31:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-18T05:06:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-18T02:06:39Z", "ms": -1547502801288.3433 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T03:31:24+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z", "ms": -1547594915774.208 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-18T05:06:39+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-18T02:06:39Z", "ms": -1547502801288.3433 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-17T11:39:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T08:39:37Z", "ms": -1547565622629.704 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-17T12:27:37+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-17T09:27:37Z", "ms": -1547562742629.704 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-18T11:40:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-18T08:40:07Z", "ms": -1547479192784.4185 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-18T12:28:07+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-18T09:28:07Z", "ms": -1547476312784.4185 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 03:31 on Fri 17 Dec to 05:07 on Sat 18 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-17T00:31:24Z → 1920-12-18T02:06:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 17th, 11:40–12:28 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 23609 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Mosul, 1920: Friday 17 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mitra Saptamī 1920 falls on Friday 17 December. Saptamī runs from 03:31 on Fri 17 Dec to 05:07 on Sat 18 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-12-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6293, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-21T05:30:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T02:30:36Z", "ms": -1547242163668.4988 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T03:59:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z", "ms": -1547161204698.0625 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-21T05:30:36+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T02:30:36Z", "ms": -1547242163668.4988 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T03:59:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z", "ms": -1547161204698.0625 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-21T07:15:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T04:15:29Z", "ms": -1547235871090.075 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-21T07:15:29+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-21T04:15:29Z", "ms": -1547235871090.075 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T07:16:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T04:16:00Z", "ms": -1547149440444.972 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T07:16:00+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T04:16:00Z", "ms": -1547149440444.972 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:31 on Tue 21 Dec to 04:00 on Wed 22 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-21T02:30:36Z → 1920-12-22T00:59:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:15 on the 21st and 07:16 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6293 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 21 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1920 falls on Tuesday 21 December. Ekādaśī runs from 05:31 on Tue 21 Dec to 04:00 on Wed 22 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/ekadashi?on=1920-12-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27732, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T03:59:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z", "ms": -1547161204698.0625 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T01:43:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z", "ms": -1547082994317.412 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T03:59:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z", "ms": -1547161204698.0625 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T01:43:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z", "ms": -1547082994317.412 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T11:42:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T08:42:08Z", "ms": -1547133472340.1526 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T12:30:08+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T09:30:08Z", "ms": -1547130592340.1526 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1920-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-23T11:42:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T08:42:38Z", "ms": -1547047042129.8994 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T12:30:38+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T09:30:38Z", "ms": -1547044162129.8994 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 04:00 on Wed 22 Dec to 01:43 on Thu 23 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-22T00:59:55Z → 1920-12-22T22:43:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 22nd, 11:43–12:31 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27732 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1920: Wednesday 22 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1920 falls on Wednesday 22 December. Dvādaśī runs from 04:00 on Wed 22 Dec to 01:43 on Thu 23 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-12-23", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14193, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-23T01:43:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z", "ms": -1547082994317.412 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T22:48:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T19:48:01Z", "ms": -1547007118601.396 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-23T01:43:26+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z", "ms": -1547082994317.412 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T22:48:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T19:48:01Z", "ms": -1547007118601.396 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-22T16:56:16+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T13:56:16Z", "ms": -1547114624235.3333 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-22T18:50:57+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-22T15:50:57Z", "ms": -1547107742537.1326 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-23T16:56:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T13:56:47Z", "ms": -1547028192760.9714 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-23T18:51:28+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-23T15:51:28Z", "ms": -1547021311630.3767 } }, "covered_min": 115, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 01:43 on Thu 23 Dec to 22:48 on Thu 23 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-22T22:43:26Z → 1920-12-23T19:48:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:56–18:51 on the 22nd, 16:57–18:51 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 115 minutes on the 22nd and 115 of 115 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14193 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1920: Thursday 23 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1920 falls on Thursday 23 December. Trayodaśī runs from 01:43 on Thu 23 Dec to 22:48 on Thu 23 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/pradosha-vrata?on=1920-12-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1846, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1920-12-24T19:22:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-24T16:22:47Z", "ms": -1546933033215.7998 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-25T15:38:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-25T12:38:12Z", "ms": -1546860107543.8313 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-24T19:22:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-24T16:22:47Z", "ms": -1546933033215.7998 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-25T15:38:12+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-25T12:38:12Z", "ms": -1546860107543.8313 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-24T16:57:20+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-24T13:57:20Z", "ms": -1546941759604.5476 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-24T18:52:01+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-24T15:52:01Z", "ms": -1546934879499.9731 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-25T16:57:55+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-25T13:57:55Z", "ms": -1546855324797.9414 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-25T18:52:34+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-25T15:52:34Z", "ms": -1546848446176.883 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:23 on Fri 24 Dec to 15:38 on Sat 25 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-24T16:22:47Z → 1920-12-25T12:38:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:57–18:52 on the 24th, 16:58–18:53 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 115 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 115 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1846 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Mosul, 1920: Friday 24 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1920 falls on Friday 24 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:23 on Fri 24 Dec to 15:38 on Sat 25 Dec, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-12-28", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1920, "local_date": "1920-12-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16131, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1920-12-28T04:22:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T01:22:47Z", "ms": -1546641433112.878 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-29T01:14:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T22:14:40Z", "ms": -1546566320302.5088 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1920-12-28T04:22:47+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T01:22:47Z", "ms": -1546641433112.878 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-29T01:14:40+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T22:14:40Z", "ms": -1546566320302.5088 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1920-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-27T19:35:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-27T16:35:42Z", "ms": -1546673058488.4912 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-27T19:35:42+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-27T16:35:42Z", "ms": -1546673058488.4912 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1920-12-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1920-12-28T20:45:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T17:45:49Z", "ms": -1546582451166.3225 }, "end": { "local": "1920-12-28T20:45:49+03:00", "utc": "1920-12-28T17:45:49Z", "ms": -1546582451166.3225 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:23 on Tue 28 Dec to 01:15 on Wed 29 Dec.", "fact": "1920-12-28T01:22:47Z → 1920-12-28T22:14:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:36 on the 27th and 20:46 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 27th and is on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16131 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1920: Tuesday 28 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1920-12-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1920 falls on Tuesday 28 December. Caturthī runs from 04:23 on Tue 28 Dec to 01:15 on Wed 29 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1920/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1920-12-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }