{ "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940", "place": { "id": "99072", "slug": "mosul", "name": "Mosul", "region": "Nineveh, Iraq", "country": "IQ", "lat": 36.335, "lon": 43.11889, "elevation_m": 228, "tz": "Asia/Baghdad" }, "year": 1940, "tradition": "smarta", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "rulings": [ { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-01-05", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-01-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31392, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-01-04T16:43:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-04T13:43:38Z", "ms": -946462581597.828 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-05T16:03:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-05T13:03:04Z", "ms": -946378615801.9509 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-01-04T16:43:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-04T13:43:38Z", "ms": -946462581597.828 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-05T16:03:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-05T13:03:04Z", "ms": -946378615801.9509 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-01-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-04T07:19:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-04T04:19:46Z", "ms": -946496413941.0269 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-04T07:19:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-04T04:19:46Z", "ms": -946496413941.0269 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-01-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-05T07:19:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-05T04:19:52Z", "ms": -946410007952.8098 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-05T07:19:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-05T04:19:52Z", "ms": -946410007952.8098 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:44 on Thu 4 Jan to 16:03 on Fri 5 Jan.", "fact": "1940-01-04T13:43:38Z → 1940-01-05T13:03:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:20 on the 4th and 07:20 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 4th and is on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31392 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 5 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Friday 5 January. Ekādaśī runs from 16:44 on Thu 4 Jan to 16:03 on Fri 5 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-01-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-01-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-01-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5011, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-01-06T15:42:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-06T12:42:42Z", "ms": -946293437850.923 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-07T15:43:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-07T12:43:04Z", "ms": -946207015852.8876 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-01-06T15:42:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-06T12:42:42Z", "ms": -946293437850.923 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-07T15:43:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-07T12:43:04Z", "ms": -946207015852.8876 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-01-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-06T17:06:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-06T14:06:13Z", "ms": -946288427320.8718 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-06T19:00:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-06T16:00:03Z", "ms": -946281597261.1562 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-07T17:07:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-07T14:07:05Z", "ms": -946201975388.8148 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-07T19:00:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-07T16:00:48Z", "ms": -946195152243.7827 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:43 on Sat 6 Jan to 15:43 on Sun 7 Jan.", "fact": "1940-01-06T12:42:42Z → 1940-01-07T12:43:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:06–19:00 on the 6th, 17:07–19:01 on the 7th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 114 of 114 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 114 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 5011 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 6 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Saturday 6 January. Trayodaśī runs from 15:43 on Sat 6 Jan to 15:43 on Sun 7 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-01-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-01-07", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-01-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27859, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-01-07T15:43:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-07T12:43:04Z", "ms": -946207015852.8876 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-08T16:05:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-08T13:05:38Z", "ms": -946119261603.327 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-01-07T15:43:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-07T12:43:04Z", "ms": -946207015852.8876 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-08T16:05:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-08T13:05:38Z", "ms": -946119261603.327 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-01-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-07T23:49:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-07T20:49:31Z", "ms": -946177828594.9445 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-08T00:37:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-07T21:37:31Z", "ms": -946174948594.9445 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-01-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-08T23:49:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-08T20:49:57Z", "ms": -946091403059.6875 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-09T00:37:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-08T21:37:57Z", "ms": -946088523059.6875 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 15:43 on Sun 7 Jan to 16:06 on Mon 8 Jan.", "fact": "1940-01-07T12:43:04Z → 1940-01-08T13:05:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:50–00:38 on the 7th, 23:50–00:38 on the 8th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27859 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 7 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1940 falls on Sunday 7 January. Caturdaśī runs from 15:43 on Sun 7 Jan to 16:06 on Mon 8 Jan and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-01-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/bhogi", "festival": "bhogi", "name": "Bhogi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21490, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1940-01-14T11:15:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z", "ms": -945618275517.7494 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-13T00:13:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T21:13:32Z", "ms": -943065988136.9205 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1940-01-14T11:15:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z", "ms": -945618275517.7494 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-14T11:15:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z", "ms": -945618275517.7494 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-13T17:12:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-13T14:12:36Z", "ms": -945683243545.4673 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-14T17:13:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T14:13:35Z", "ms": -945596785367.758 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-14T17:13:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T14:13:35Z", "ms": -945596785367.758 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-15T17:14:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-15T14:14:33Z", "ms": -945510326509.905 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1940-01-14", "days": -1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 11:15 on Sun 14 Jan.", "fact": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:14, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:15.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 21490 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Sunday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal − 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhogi, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "bhogi", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": -1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1940-01-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1940-01-13", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bhogi 1940 falls on Saturday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Sunday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 11:15 on Sun 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/bhogi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-01-13", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-01-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33258, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-01-12T21:53:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-12T18:53:57Z", "ms": -945752762758.6752 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-14T00:22:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-13T21:22:58Z", "ms": -945657422476.7294 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-01-12T21:53:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-12T18:53:57Z", "ms": -945752762758.6752 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-14T00:22:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-13T21:22:58Z", "ms": -945657422476.7294 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-01-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-12T11:51:39+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-12T08:51:39Z", "ms": -945788901221.5493 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-12T12:39:39+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-12T09:39:39Z", "ms": -945786021221.5493 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-13T11:52:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-13T08:52:03Z", "ms": -945702477453.5679 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-13T12:40:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-13T09:40:03Z", "ms": -945699597453.5679 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 21:54 on Fri 12 Jan to 00:23 on Sun 14 Jan.", "fact": "1940-01-12T18:53:57Z → 1940-01-13T21:22:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:52–12:40 on the 12th, 11:52–12:40 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33258 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 13 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1940 falls on Saturday 13 January. Caturthī runs from 21:54 on Fri 12 Jan to 00:23 on Sun 14 Jan and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-01-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pongal", "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21490, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1940-01-14T11:15:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z", "ms": -945618275517.7494 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-13T00:13:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T21:13:32Z", "ms": -943065988136.9205 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1940-01-14T11:15:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z", "ms": -945618275517.7494 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-14T11:15:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z", "ms": -945618275517.7494 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-13T17:12:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-13T14:12:36Z", "ms": -945683243545.4673 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-14T17:13:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T14:13:35Z", "ms": -945596785367.758 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-14T17:13:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T14:13:35Z", "ms": -945596785367.758 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-15T17:14:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-15T14:14:33Z", "ms": -945510326509.905 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 11:15 on Sun 14 Jan.", "fact": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:14, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:15.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 21490 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pongal, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "pongal", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day \"taken to begin from midnight\" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.", "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1940-01-14", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1940-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Pongal 1940 falls on Sunday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 11:15 on Sun 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/makara-sankranti", "festival": "makara-sankranti", "name": "Makara Saṅkrānti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-01-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 40524, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1940-01-14T11:15:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z", "ms": -945618275517.7494 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-13T00:13:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T21:13:32Z", "ms": -943065988136.9205 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1940-01-14T11:15:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z", "ms": -945618275517.7494 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-14T11:15:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z", "ms": -945618275517.7494 } }, "kaala": "civil-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-01-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-13T00:00:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-12T21:00:00Z", "ms": -945745200000 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-14T00:00:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-13T21:00:00Z", "ms": -945658800000 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-14T00:00:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-13T21:00:00Z", "ms": -945658800000 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-15T00:00:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T21:00:00Z", "ms": -945572400000 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1440, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 11:15 on Sun 14 Jan.", "fact": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Mosul.", "fact": "civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Baghdad" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 40524 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Makara Saṅkrānti, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 14 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "makara-sankranti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "midnight" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1940-01-14", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1940-01-14", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Makara Saṅkrānti 1940 falls on Sunday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 11:15 on Sun 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/makara-sankranti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/mattu-pongal", "festival": "mattu-pongal", "name": "Mattu Pongal", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-01-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21490, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 9, "key": "makara", "name": "Makara", "start": { "local": "1940-01-14T11:15:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z", "ms": -945618275517.7494 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-13T00:13:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T21:13:32Z", "ms": -943065988136.9205 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1940-01-14T11:15:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z", "ms": -945618275517.7494 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-14T11:15:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z", "ms": -945618275517.7494 } }, "kaala": "sunset-day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-01-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-13T17:12:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-13T14:12:36Z", "ms": -945683243545.4673 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-14T17:13:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T14:13:35Z", "ms": -945596785367.758 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-01-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-14T17:13:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-14T14:13:35Z", "ms": -945596785367.758 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-15T17:14:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-15T14:14:33Z", "ms": -945510326509.905 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "name": "Pongal", "local_date": "1940-01-14", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Makara at 11:15 on Sun 14 Jan.", "fact": "1940-01-14T08:15:24Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:14, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:15.", "fact": "sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 21490 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Mattu Pongal is kept the day after Pongal: Sunday 14 January is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: pongal + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mattu Pongal, Mosul, 1940: Monday 15 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "mattu-pongal", "follows": { "festival": "pongal", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } ], "rashi": "Makara", "day_from": "sunset" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1940-01-15", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunrise-day", "local_date": "1940-01-15", "statement": "Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Orissa rule: In Orissa the solar months of the Amli and Vilayati eras begin civilly on the same day (sunrise to next sunrise) as the samkranti, irrespective of whether this takes place before or after midnight." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mattu Pongal 1940 falls on Monday 15 January. It is kept the day after Pongal, which falls on Sunday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 11:15 on Sun 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/mattu-pongal", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-01-21", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-01-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15327, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-01-20T11:59:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-20T08:59:20Z", "ms": -945097239579.0032 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-21T11:32:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-21T08:32:25Z", "ms": -945012454812.7128 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-01-20T11:59:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-20T08:59:20Z", "ms": -945097239579.0032 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-21T11:32:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-21T08:32:25Z", "ms": -945012454812.7128 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-01-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-20T07:17:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-20T04:17:24Z", "ms": -945114156202.3617 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-20T07:17:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-20T04:17:24Z", "ms": -945114156202.3617 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-01-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-21T07:16:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-21T04:16:58Z", "ms": -945027781824.8696 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-21T07:16:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-21T04:16:58Z", "ms": -945027781824.8696 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:59 on Sat 20 Jan to 11:32 on Sun 21 Jan.", "fact": "1940-01-20T08:59:20Z → 1940-01-21T08:32:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:17 on the 20th and 07:17 on the 21st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 20th and is on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15327 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 21 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Putradā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Sunday 21 January. Ekādaśī runs from 11:59 on Sat 20 Jan to 11:32 on Sun 21 Jan and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-01-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-01-22", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-01-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25661, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-01-22T10:13:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-22T07:13:59Z", "ms": -944930760830.6295 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-23T08:10:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-23T05:10:00Z", "ms": -944851799935.2986 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-01-22T10:13:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-22T07:13:59Z", "ms": -944930760830.6295 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-23T08:10:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-23T05:10:00Z", "ms": -944851799935.2986 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-01-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-22T17:21:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-22T14:21:40Z", "ms": -944905099541.2672 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-22T19:12:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-22T16:12:55Z", "ms": -944898424767.9015 } }, "covered_min": 111, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-01-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-23T17:22:43+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-23T14:22:43Z", "ms": -944818636946.6063 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-23T19:13:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-23T16:13:45Z", "ms": -944811974685.6755 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 111, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 10:14 on Mon 22 Jan to 08:10 on Tue 23 Jan.", "fact": "1940-01-22T07:13:59Z → 1940-01-23T05:10:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:22–19:13 on the 22nd, 17:23–19:14 on the 23rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 111 of 111 minutes on the 22nd and 0 of 111 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25661 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Monday 22 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Monday 22 January. Trayodaśī runs from 10:14 on Mon 22 Jan to 08:10 on Tue 23 Jan and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-01-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-01-27", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-01-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16082, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-01-27T16:10:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-27T13:10:34Z", "ms": -944477365604.838 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-28T13:04:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-28T10:04:29Z", "ms": -944402131102.4125 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-01-27T16:10:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-27T13:10:34Z", "ms": -944477365604.838 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-28T13:04:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-28T10:04:29Z", "ms": -944402131102.4125 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-01-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-27T20:38:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-27T17:38:37Z", "ms": -944461283277.5303 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-27T20:38:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-27T17:38:37Z", "ms": -944461283277.5303 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-01-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-01-28T21:47:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-28T18:47:42Z", "ms": -944370738418.7131 }, "end": { "local": "1940-01-28T21:47:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-01-28T18:47:42Z", "ms": -944370738418.7131 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:11 on Sat 27 Jan to 13:04 on Sun 28 Jan.", "fact": "1940-01-27T13:10:34Z → 1940-01-28T10:04:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:39 on the 27th and 21:48 on the 28th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 16082 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 27 January.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-01-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1940 falls on Saturday 27 January. Caturthī runs from 16:11 on Sat 27 Jan to 13:04 on Sun 28 Jan and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-01-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-02-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 7376, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-03T04:39:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-03T01:39:41Z", "ms": -943914019270.3466 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-04T05:04:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-04T02:04:55Z", "ms": -943826104509.4329 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-03T04:39:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-03T01:39:41Z", "ms": -943914019270.3466 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-04T05:04:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-04T02:04:55Z", "ms": -943826104509.4329 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-03T07:08:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-03T04:08:42Z", "ms": -943905078447.9634 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-03T07:08:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-03T04:08:42Z", "ms": -943905078447.9634 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-02-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-04T07:07:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-04T04:07:52Z", "ms": -943818728273.8119 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-04T07:07:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-04T04:07:52Z", "ms": -943818728273.8119 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:40 on Sat 3 Feb to 05:05 on Sun 4 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-03T01:39:41Z → 1940-02-04T02:04:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:09 on the 3rd and 07:08 on the 4th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 3rd and is not on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 7376 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 3 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ṣaṭtilā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Saturday 3 February. Ekādaśī runs from 04:40 on Sat 3 Feb to 05:05 on Sun 4 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-02-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-02-05", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37614, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-05T05:55:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-05T02:55:59Z", "ms": -943736640806.9122 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-06T07:10:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-06T04:10:40Z", "ms": -943645759774.1757 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-05T05:55:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-05T02:55:59Z", "ms": -943736640806.9122 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-06T07:10:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-06T04:10:40Z", "ms": -943645759774.1757 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-05T17:36:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-05T14:36:31Z", "ms": -943694609367.77 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-05T19:24:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-05T16:24:28Z", "ms": -943688132446.841 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-06T17:37:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-06T14:37:34Z", "ms": -943608145724.0754 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-06T19:25:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-06T16:25:15Z", "ms": -943601684529.7295 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:56 on Mon 5 Feb to 07:11 on Tue 6 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-05T02:55:59Z → 1940-02-06T04:10:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:37–19:24 on the 5th, 17:38–19:25 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 108 of 108 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 108 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37614 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Monday 5 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Monday 5 February. Trayodaśī runs from 05:56 on Mon 5 Feb to 07:11 on Tue 6 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-02-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-02-06", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23121, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-06T07:10:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-06T04:10:40Z", "ms": -943645759774.1757 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-07T08:47:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-07T05:47:24Z", "ms": -943553556313.6848 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-06T07:10:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-06T04:10:40Z", "ms": -943645759774.1757 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-07T08:47:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-07T05:47:24Z", "ms": -943553556313.6848 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-05T23:57:19+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-05T20:57:19Z", "ms": -943671760914.2861 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-06T00:45:19+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-05T21:45:19Z", "ms": -943668880914.2861 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-06T23:57:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-06T20:57:24Z", "ms": -943585356245.2783 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-07T00:45:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-06T21:45:24Z", "ms": -943582476245.2783 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 07:11 on Tue 6 Feb to 08:47 on Wed 7 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-06T04:10:40Z → 1940-02-07T05:47:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:57–00:45 on the 5th, 23:57–00:45 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23121 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 6 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1940 falls on Tuesday 6 February. Caturdaśī runs from 07:11 on Tue 6 Feb to 08:47 on Wed 7 Feb and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-02-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/yama-tarpana", "festival": "yama-tarpana", "name": "Yama Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-07", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 273, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-06T07:10:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-06T04:10:40Z", "ms": -943645759774.1757 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-07T08:47:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-07T05:47:24Z", "ms": -943553556313.6848 }, "month": { "amanta": 9, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Pauṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-06T07:10:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-06T04:10:40Z", "ms": -943645759774.1757 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-07T08:47:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-07T05:47:24Z", "ms": -943553556313.6848 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-06T05:18:11+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-06T02:18:11Z", "ms": -943652509381.7314 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-06T07:06:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-06T04:06:08Z", "ms": -943646032460.8024 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-02-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-07T05:17:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-07T02:17:32Z", "ms": -943566147960.827 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-07T07:05:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-07T04:05:13Z", "ms": -943559686766.4811 } }, "covered_min": 108, "window_min": 108, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 07:11 on Tue 6 Feb to 08:47 on Wed 7 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-06T04:10:40Z → 1940-02-07T05:47:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:18–07:06 on the 6th, 05:18–07:05 on the 7th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 108 minutes on the 6th and 108 of 108 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 273 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Tarpaṇa, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 7 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Yama tarpana (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-07", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Yama Tarpaṇa 1940 falls on Wednesday 7 February. Caturdaśī runs from 07:11 on Tue 6 Feb to 08:47 on Wed 7 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn. It is 4 min 33 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/yama-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ganesha-jayanti", "festival": "ganesha-jayanti", "name": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī", "everyday": "Maghi Ganesh Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19756, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-11T18:15:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-11T15:15:22Z", "ms": -943173877986.6321 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-12T20:59:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T17:59:10Z", "ms": -943077649740.0565 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-11T18:15:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-11T15:15:22Z", "ms": -943173877986.6321 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-12T20:59:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T17:59:10Z", "ms": -943077649740.0565 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-11T11:58:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-11T08:58:06Z", "ms": -943196514147.732 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-11T12:46:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-11T09:46:06Z", "ms": -943193634147.732 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-12T11:58:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T08:58:06Z", "ms": -943110113547.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-12T12:46:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T09:46:06Z", "ms": -943107233547.9075 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:15 on Sun 11 Feb to 20:59 on Mon 12 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-11T15:15:22Z → 1940-02-12T17:59:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 11th, 11:58–12:46 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19756 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Jayantī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 12 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gaṇeśa Jayantī (Maghi Ganesh Jayanti) 1940 falls on Monday 12 February. Caturthī runs from 18:15 on Sun 11 Feb to 20:59 on Mon 12 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ganesha-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/tila-chaturthi", "festival": "tila-chaturthi", "name": "Tila Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-12", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1952, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-11T18:15:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-11T15:15:22Z", "ms": -943173877986.6321 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-12T20:59:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T17:59:10Z", "ms": -943077649740.0565 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-11T18:15:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-11T15:15:22Z", "ms": -943173877986.6321 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-12T20:59:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T17:59:10Z", "ms": -943077649740.0565 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-11T17:42:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-11T14:42:50Z", "ms": -943175830214.6416 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-11T19:29:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-11T16:29:10Z", "ms": -943169450091.1383 } }, "covered_min": 74, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-12T17:43:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T14:43:52Z", "ms": -943089367807.4482 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-12T19:29:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T16:29:56Z", "ms": -943083004338.2498 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:15 on Sun 11 Feb to 20:59 on Mon 12 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-11T15:15:22Z → 1940-02-12T17:59:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:43–19:29 on the 11th, 17:44–19:30 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 74 of 106 minutes on the 11th and 106 of 106 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 1952 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Tila Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 12 February.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "tila-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Tila caturthi and Kunda caturthi (pradosavyapini), Varada caturthi (Bengal & Orissa), Ganesa caturthi, Ganesa jayanti (madhyahnavyapini purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Tila Caturthī 1940 falls on Monday 12 February. Caturthī runs from 18:15 on Sun 11 Feb to 20:59 on Mon 12 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 74 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/tila-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shri-panchami", "festival": "shri-panchami", "name": "Śrī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29584, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-12T20:59:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T17:59:10Z", "ms": -943077649740.0565 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-13T23:33:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-13T20:33:30Z", "ms": -942981989749.077 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-12T20:59:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T17:59:10Z", "ms": -943077649740.0565 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-13T23:33:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-13T20:33:30Z", "ms": -942981989749.077 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-12T11:58:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T08:58:06Z", "ms": -943110113547.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-12T12:46:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T09:46:06Z", "ms": -943107233547.9075 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-13T11:58:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-13T08:58:06Z", "ms": -943023713731.7144 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-13T12:46:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-13T09:46:06Z", "ms": -943020833731.7144 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 20:59 on Mon 12 Feb to 23:34 on Tue 13 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-12T17:59:10Z → 1940-02-13T20:33:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 12th, 11:58–12:46 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29584 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Pañcamī, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 13 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śrī Pañcamī 1940 falls on Tuesday 13 February. Pañcamī runs from 20:59 on Mon 12 Feb to 23:34 on Tue 13 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shri-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vasanta-panchami", "festival": "vasanta-panchami", "name": "Vasanta Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29584, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-12T20:59:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T17:59:10Z", "ms": -943077649740.0565 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-13T23:33:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-13T20:33:30Z", "ms": -942981989749.077 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-12T20:59:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T17:59:10Z", "ms": -943077649740.0565 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-13T23:33:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-13T20:33:30Z", "ms": -942981989749.077 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-12T11:58:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T08:58:06Z", "ms": -943110113547.9075 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-12T12:46:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-12T09:46:06Z", "ms": -943107233547.9075 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-02-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-13T11:58:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-13T08:58:06Z", "ms": -943023713731.7144 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-13T12:46:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-13T09:46:06Z", "ms": -943020833731.7144 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 20:59 on Mon 12 Feb to 23:34 on Tue 13 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-12T17:59:10Z → 1940-02-13T20:33:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 12th, 11:58–12:46 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29584 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasanta Pañcamī, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 13 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasanta-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri Pancami (purvaviddha), Sarasvati puja (Bengal), Vasanta pancami, Madana pancami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vasanta Pañcamī 1940 falls on Tuesday 13 February. Pañcamī runs from 20:59 on Mon 12 Feb to 23:34 on Tue 13 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vasanta-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ratha-saptami", "festival": "ratha-saptami", "name": "Ratha Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6469, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-15T01:45:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-14T22:45:38Z", "ms": -942887662241.7527 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-16T03:23:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-16T00:23:02Z", "ms": -942795418429.767 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-15T01:45:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-14T22:45:38Z", "ms": -942887662241.7527 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-16T03:23:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-16T00:23:02Z", "ms": -942795418429.767 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-15T05:11:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-15T02:11:40Z", "ms": -942875300316.3005 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-15T06:57:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-15T03:57:09Z", "ms": -942868970544.6053 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-02-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-16T05:10:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-16T02:10:51Z", "ms": -942788949479.219 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-16T06:56:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-16T03:56:03Z", "ms": -942782636738.6483 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 01:46 on Thu 15 Feb to 03:23 on Fri 16 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-14T22:45:38Z → 1940-02-16T00:23:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 05:12–06:57 on the 15th, 05:11–06:56 on the 16th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 105 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one dawn qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 6469 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ratha Saptamī, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 15 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ratha-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Ratha saptami (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise), Acala saptami, Vidhana saptami, Arogya saptami [purvaviddha]." } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ratha Saptamī 1940 falls on Thursday 15 February. Saptamī runs from 01:46 on Thu 15 Feb to 03:23 on Fri 16 Feb and covers all of aruṇodaya that dawn.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ratha-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-02-19", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Jayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12510, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-19T03:24:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-19T00:24:07Z", "ms": -942536152641.1948 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-20T01:41:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-19T22:41:04Z", "ms": -942455935804.653 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-19T03:24:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-19T00:24:07Z", "ms": -942536152641.1948 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-20T01:41:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-19T22:41:04Z", "ms": -942455935804.653 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-19T06:52:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-19T03:52:38Z", "ms": -942523642201.8695 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-19T06:52:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-19T03:52:38Z", "ms": -942523642201.8695 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-20T06:51:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-20T03:51:27Z", "ms": -942437312873.3782 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-20T06:51:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-20T03:51:27Z", "ms": -942437312873.3782 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 03:24 on Mon 19 Feb to 01:41 on Tue 20 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-19T00:24:07Z → 1940-02-19T22:41:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:53 on the 19th and 06:51 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12510 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jayā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 19 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Jayā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Monday 19 February. Ekādaśī runs from 03:24 on Mon 19 Feb to 01:41 on Tue 20 Feb and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-02-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/bhishma-dvadashi", "festival": "bhishma-dvadashi", "name": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37000, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-20T01:41:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-19T22:41:04Z", "ms": -942455935804.653 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-20T23:13:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-20T20:13:20Z", "ms": -942378399553.2998 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-20T01:41:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-19T22:41:04Z", "ms": -942455935804.653 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-20T23:13:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-20T20:13:20Z", "ms": -942378399553.2998 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-20T11:57:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-20T08:57:44Z", "ms": -942418936181.3721 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-20T12:45:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-20T09:45:44Z", "ms": -942416056181.3721 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-21T11:57:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-21T08:57:38Z", "ms": -942332542263.9294 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-21T12:45:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-21T09:45:38Z", "ms": -942329662263.9294 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 01:41 on Tue 20 Feb to 23:13 on Tue 20 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-19T22:41:04Z → 1940-02-20T20:13:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 20th, 11:58–12:46 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 37000 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhīṣma Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 20 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhishma-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Bhisma dvadasi (purvaviddha), Amalaki dvadasi, Santana dvadasi, Varaha dvadasi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bhīṣma Dvādaśī 1940 falls on Tuesday 20 February. Dvādaśī runs from 01:41 on Tue 20 Feb to 23:13 on Tue 20 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/bhishma-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-02-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1986, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-20T23:13:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-20T20:13:20Z", "ms": -942378399553.2998 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-21T20:09:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-21T17:09:34Z", "ms": -942303026042.6909 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-20T23:13:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-20T20:13:20Z", "ms": -942378399553.2998 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-21T20:09:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-21T17:09:34Z", "ms": -942303026042.6909 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-20T17:52:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-20T14:52:01Z", "ms": -942397679489.3658 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-20T19:35:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-20T16:35:46Z", "ms": -942391453501.4491 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 104, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-02-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-21T17:53:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-21T14:53:00Z", "ms": -942311219947.8684 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-21T19:36:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-21T16:36:28Z", "ms": -942305011593.0289 } }, "covered_min": 103, "window_min": 103, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:13 on Tue 20 Feb to 20:10 on Wed 21 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-20T20:13:20Z → 1940-02-21T17:09:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:52–19:36 on the 20th, 17:53–19:36 on the 21st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 104 minutes on the 20th and 103 of 103 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1986 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 21 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Wednesday 21 February. Trayodaśī runs from 23:13 on Tue 20 Feb to 20:10 on Wed 21 Feb and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-02-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/maghi-purnima", "festival": "maghi-purnima", "name": "Māghī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 603, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-02-22T16:39:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-22T13:39:57Z", "ms": -942229203426.7823 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-23T12:55:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-23T09:55:26Z", "ms": -942156273723.097 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 10, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Māgha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-22T16:39:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-22T13:39:57Z", "ms": -942229203426.7823 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-23T12:55:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-23T09:55:26Z", "ms": -942156273723.097 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-22T11:57:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-22T08:57:31Z", "ms": -942246149017.603 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-22T12:45:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-22T09:45:31Z", "ms": -942243269017.603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-02-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-23T11:57:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-23T08:57:24Z", "ms": -942159756422.589 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-23T12:45:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-23T09:45:24Z", "ms": -942156876422.589 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 16:40 on Thu 22 Feb to 12:55 on Fri 23 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-22T13:39:57Z → 1940-02-23T09:55:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:58–12:46 on the 22nd, 11:57–12:45 on the 23rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 22nd and 48 of 48 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 603 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Māghī Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1940: Friday 23 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maghi-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Maghi purnima (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Māghī Pūrṇimā 1940 falls on Friday 23 February. Pūrṇimā runs from 16:40 on Thu 22 Feb to 12:55 on Fri 23 Feb and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/maghi-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-02-26", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-02-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4700, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-02-26T02:01:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-25T23:01:56Z", "ms": -941936283916.1154 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-26T23:04:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-26T20:04:01Z", "ms": -941860559233.1957 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-02-26T02:01:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-25T23:01:56Z", "ms": -941936283916.1154 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-26T23:04:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-26T20:04:01Z", "ms": -941860559233.1957 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-02-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-25T20:36:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-25T17:36:15Z", "ms": -941955824588.2184 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-25T20:36:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-25T17:36:15Z", "ms": -941955824588.2184 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-02-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-02-26T21:45:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-26T18:45:41Z", "ms": -941865258810.1799 }, "end": { "local": "1940-02-26T21:45:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-02-26T18:45:41Z", "ms": -941865258810.1799 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 02:02 on Mon 26 Feb to 23:04 on Mon 26 Feb.", "fact": "1940-02-25T23:01:56Z → 1940-02-26T20:04:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:36 on the 25th and 21:46 on the 26th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 25th and is on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4700 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 26 February.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-02-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1940 falls on Monday 26 February. Caturthī runs from 02:02 on Mon 26 Feb to 23:04 on Mon 26 Feb and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-02-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-03-04", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Vijayā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-03-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37199, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-03-03T18:45:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-03T15:45:49Z", "ms": -941357650952.489 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-04T20:13:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-04T17:13:26Z", "ms": -941265993733.6512 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-03-03T18:45:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-03T15:45:49Z", "ms": -941357650952.489 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-04T20:13:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-04T17:13:26Z", "ms": -941265993733.6512 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-03-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-04T06:34:47+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-04T03:34:47Z", "ms": -941315112927.335 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-04T06:34:47+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-04T03:34:47Z", "ms": -941315112927.335 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-05T06:33:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-05T03:33:25Z", "ms": -941228794916.4402 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-05T06:33:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-05T03:33:25Z", "ms": -941228794916.4402 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 18:46 on Sun 3 Mar to 20:13 on Mon 4 Mar.", "fact": "1940-03-03T15:45:49Z → 1940-03-04T17:13:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:35 on the 4th and 06:33 on the 5th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 4th and is not on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37199 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 4 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vijayā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Monday 4 March. Ekādaśī runs from 18:46 on Sun 3 Mar to 20:13 on Mon 4 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-03-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-03-06", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-03-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8496, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-03-05T22:06:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-05T19:06:34Z", "ms": -941172806378.1749 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-07T00:19:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-06T21:19:24Z", "ms": -941078435798.2402 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-03-05T22:06:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-05T19:06:34Z", "ms": -941172806378.1749 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-07T00:19:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-06T21:19:24Z", "ms": -941078435798.2402 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-03-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-05T18:05:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-05T15:05:25Z", "ms": -941187275090.8734 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-05T19:44:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-05T16:44:58Z", "ms": -941181302074.9188 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 100, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-06T18:06:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-06T15:06:20Z", "ms": -941100819876.9728 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-06T19:45:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-06T16:45:35Z", "ms": -941094865301.7196 } }, "covered_min": 99, "window_min": 99, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:07 on Tue 5 Mar to 00:19 on Thu 7 Mar.", "fact": "1940-03-05T19:06:34Z → 1940-03-06T21:19:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:05–19:45 on the 5th, 18:06–19:46 on the 6th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 100 minutes on the 5th and 99 of 99 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8496 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 6 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Wednesday 6 March. Trayodaśī runs from 22:07 on Tue 5 Mar to 00:19 on Thu 7 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-03-06", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/maha-shivaratri", "festival": "maha-shivaratri", "name": "Mahāśivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-03-07", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-disputed" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1386, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-03-07T00:19:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-06T21:19:24Z", "ms": -941078435798.2402 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-08T02:46:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-07T23:46:30Z", "ms": -940983209836.0431 }, "month": { "amanta": 10, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Māgha", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-03-07T00:19:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-06T21:19:24Z", "ms": -941078435798.2402 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-08T02:46:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-07T23:46:30Z", "ms": -940983209836.0431 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-03-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-06T23:54:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-06T20:54:30Z", "ms": -941079930219.7734 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-07T00:42:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-06T21:42:30Z", "ms": -941077050219.7734 } }, "covered_min": 23, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-03-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-07T23:54:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-07T20:54:15Z", "ms": -940993544551.938 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-08T00:42:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-07T21:42:15Z", "ms": -940990664551.938 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 00:19 on Thu 7 Mar to 02:47 on Fri 8 Mar.", "fact": "1940-03-06T21:19:24Z → 1940-03-07T23:46:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:54–00:42 on the 6th, 23:54–00:42 on the 7th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 23 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both nights qualify and the cited authorities disagree. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: disputed → greater-coverage · margin 1386 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāśivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 7 March.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-disputed)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "maha-shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Mahasivaratri (nisithavyapini) — In some opinion it is to be observed on nisitha and in some opinion on pradosa. If occurs on two successive nisithas then according to Hemadri it is to be observed on the first day and according to Madhava, to be observed on the second day" } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-07", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahāśivarātri 1940 falls on Thursday 7 March. Caturdaśī runs from 00:19 on Thu 7 Mar to 02:47 on Fri 8 Mar and covers all of niśītha that night. It also reaches the previous night for 23 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/maha-shivaratri", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-03-13", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-03-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1477, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-03-12T13:06:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-12T10:06:18Z", "ms": -940600422141.0476 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-13T15:15:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-13T12:15:17Z", "ms": -940506282802.2201 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-03-12T13:06:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-12T10:06:18Z", "ms": -940600422141.0476 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-13T15:15:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-13T12:15:17Z", "ms": -940506282802.2201 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-03-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-12T11:53:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-12T08:53:41Z", "ms": -940604778677.4729 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-12T12:41:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-12T09:41:41Z", "ms": -940601898677.4729 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-03-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-13T11:53:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-13T08:53:25Z", "ms": -940518394850.8345 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-13T12:41:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-13T09:41:25Z", "ms": -940515514850.8345 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 13:06 on Tue 12 Mar to 15:15 on Wed 13 Mar.", "fact": "1940-03-12T10:06:18Z → 1940-03-13T12:15:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:54–12:42 on the 12th, 11:53–12:41 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 48 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1477 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 13 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-13", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1940 falls on Wednesday 13 March. Caturthī runs from 13:06 on Tue 12 Mar to 15:15 on Wed 13 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-03-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-03-20", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-03-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23041, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-03-19T15:08:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-19T12:08:17Z", "ms": -939988303032.6898 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-20T12:36:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-20T09:36:04Z", "ms": -939911035996.2975 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-03-19T15:08:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-19T12:08:17Z", "ms": -939988303032.6898 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-20T12:36:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-20T09:36:04Z", "ms": -939911035996.2975 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-03-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-19T06:13:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-19T03:13:31Z", "ms": -940020389181.8193 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-19T06:13:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-19T03:13:31Z", "ms": -940020389181.8193 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-03-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-20T06:12:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-20T03:12:03Z", "ms": -939934076660.2424 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-20T06:12:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-20T03:12:03Z", "ms": -939934076660.2424 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 15:08 on Tue 19 Mar to 12:36 on Wed 20 Mar.", "fact": "1940-03-19T12:08:17Z → 1940-03-20T09:36:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:14 on the 19th and 06:12 on the 20th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 23041 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Āmalakī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 20 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Āmalakī Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Wednesday 20 March. Ekādaśī runs from 15:08 on Tue 19 Mar to 12:36 on Wed 20 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-03-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-03-21", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-03-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31698, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-03-21T09:31:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-21T06:31:20Z", "ms": -939835720339.4117 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-22T06:02:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-22T03:02:46Z", "ms": -939761833775.7719 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-03-21T09:31:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-21T06:31:20Z", "ms": -939835720339.4117 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-22T06:02:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-22T03:02:46Z", "ms": -939761833775.7719 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-03-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-21T18:19:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-21T15:19:38Z", "ms": -939804021843.5168 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-21T19:54:14+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-21T16:54:14Z", "ms": -939798345861.7949 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-22T18:20:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-22T15:20:30Z", "ms": -939717570279.8992 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-22T19:54:47+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-22T16:54:47Z", "ms": -939711912876.9781 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 94, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:31 on Thu 21 Mar to 06:03 on Fri 22 Mar.", "fact": "1940-03-21T06:31:20Z → 1940-03-22T03:02:46Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:20–19:54 on the 21st, 18:20–19:55 on the 22nd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 95 of 95 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 94 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 31698 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 21 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Thursday 21 March. Trayodaśī runs from 09:31 on Thu 21 Mar to 06:03 on Fri 22 Mar and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-03-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/holika-dahana", "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-03-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15114, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-03-23T02:20:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-22T23:20:02Z", "ms": -939688797650.6874 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-23T22:33:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-23T19:33:15Z", "ms": -939616005174.9121 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-03-23T02:20:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-22T23:20:02Z", "ms": -939688797650.6874 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-23T22:33:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-23T19:33:15Z", "ms": -939616005174.9121 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-22T15:54:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-22T12:54:13Z", "ms": -939726346620.0399 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-22T18:20:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-22T15:20:30Z", "ms": -939717570279.8992 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-23T15:54:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-23T12:54:37Z", "ms": -939639923031.4634 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-23T18:21:21+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-23T15:21:21Z", "ms": -939631118849.8314 } }, "covered_min": 147, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:20 on Sat 23 Mar to 22:33 on Sat 23 Mar.", "fact": "1940-03-22T23:20:02Z → 1940-03-23T19:33:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:54–18:20 on the 22nd, 15:55–18:21 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 146 minutes on the 22nd and 147 of 147 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15114 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holikā Dahana, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 23 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holika-dahana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "not_evaluated": "The hour the row gives for the rite (\"it should be observed on second half of purnima at night\") is not tested: sāyāhna alone settles the day.", "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Holikā Dahana 1940 falls on Saturday 23 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:20 on Sat 23 Mar to 22:33 on Sat 23 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/holika-dahana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/holi", "festival": "holi", "name": "Holī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15114, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-03-23T02:20:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-22T23:20:02Z", "ms": -939688797650.6874 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-23T22:33:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-23T19:33:15Z", "ms": -939616005174.9121 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 11, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Phālguna" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-03-23T02:20:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-22T23:20:02Z", "ms": -939688797650.6874 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-23T22:33:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-23T19:33:15Z", "ms": -939616005174.9121 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-03-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-22T15:54:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-22T12:54:13Z", "ms": -939726346620.0399 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-22T18:20:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-22T15:20:30Z", "ms": -939717570279.8992 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 146, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-03-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-23T15:54:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-23T12:54:37Z", "ms": -939639923031.4634 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-23T18:21:21+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-23T15:21:21Z", "ms": -939631118849.8314 } }, "covered_min": 147, "window_min": 147, "qualifies": true } ], "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "name": "Holikā Dahana", "local_date": "1940-03-23", "days": 1 }, "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 02:20 on Sat 23 Mar to 22:33 on Sat 23 Mar.", "fact": "1940-03-22T23:20:02Z → 1940-03-23T19:33:15Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 15:54–18:20 on the 22nd, 15:55–18:21 on the 23rd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 0 of 146 minutes on the 22nd and 147 of 147 on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15114 s" }, { "step": "counted", "text": "Holī is kept the day after Holikā Dahana: Saturday 23 March is the day taken above.", "fact": "follows: holika-dahana + 1 d" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Holī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "holi", "follows": { "festival": "holika-dahana", "days": 1 }, "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Holika-dahana (Sayahnavyapini — it should be observed on second half of purnima at night), Dolayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (covering 4 ghatikas before sunrise of the day of festival), Holi — on the day after Holikadahana." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Holī 1940 falls on Sunday 24 March. It is kept the day after Holikā Dahana, which falls on Saturday 23 March. Pūrṇimā runs from 02:20 on Sat 23 Mar to 22:33 on Sat 23 Mar and covers all of sāyāhna on the 23rd.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/holi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vasantotsava", "festival": "vasantotsava", "name": "Vasantotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-03-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27178, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 15, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1940-03-23T22:33:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-23T19:33:15Z", "ms": -939616005174.9121 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-24T18:52:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-24T15:52:36Z", "ms": -939542844073.9293 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-03-23T22:33:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-23T19:33:15Z", "ms": -939616005174.9121 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-24T18:52:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-24T15:52:36Z", "ms": -939542844073.9293 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-03-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-24T06:06:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-24T03:06:12Z", "ms": -939588827569.6941 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-24T06:06:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-24T03:06:12Z", "ms": -939588827569.6941 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-03-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-25T06:04:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-25T03:04:45Z", "ms": -939502515382.564 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-25T06:04:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-25T03:04:45Z", "ms": -939502515382.564 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 22:33 on Sat 23 Mar to 18:53 on Sun 24 Mar.", "fact": "1940-03-23T19:33:15Z → 1940-03-24T15:52:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:06 on the 24th and 06:05 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be current at sunrise. It is on the 24th and is not on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27178 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vasantotsava, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 24 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vasantotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 1 Vasantotsava (current at sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vasantotsava 1940 falls on Sunday 24 March. Pratipadā runs from 22:33 on Sat 23 Mar to 18:53 on Sun 24 Mar and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vasantotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-03-26", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-03-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33028, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-03-26T12:28:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-26T09:28:59Z", "ms": -939393060717.4001 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-27T10:03:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-27T07:03:45Z", "ms": -939315375050.9362 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-03-26T12:28:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-26T09:28:59Z", "ms": -939393060717.4001 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-27T10:03:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-27T07:03:45Z", "ms": -939315375050.9362 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-03-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-26T21:39:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-26T18:39:27Z", "ms": -939360033184.673 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-26T21:39:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-26T18:39:27Z", "ms": -939360033184.673 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-03-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-27T22:43:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-27T19:43:55Z", "ms": -939269764798.1307 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-27T22:43:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-27T19:43:55Z", "ms": -939269764798.1307 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 12:29 on Tue 26 Mar to 10:04 on Wed 27 Mar.", "fact": "1940-03-26T09:28:59Z → 1940-03-27T07:03:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:39 on the 26th and 22:44 on the 27th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 26th and is not on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33028 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 26 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1940 falls on Tuesday 26 March. Caturthī runs from 12:29 on Tue 26 Mar to 10:04 on Wed 27 Mar and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-03-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shitalashtami", "festival": "shitalashtami", "name": "Śītalāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-03-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14753, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1940-03-30T07:07:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-30T04:07:59Z", "ms": -939066721007.1356 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-31T07:42:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-31T04:42:12Z", "ms": -938978268189.978 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-03-30T07:07:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-30T04:07:59Z", "ms": -939066721007.1356 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-31T07:42:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-31T04:42:12Z", "ms": -938978268189.978 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-03-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-30T11:48:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-30T08:48:23Z", "ms": -939049897236.0857 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-30T12:36:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-30T09:36:23Z", "ms": -939047017236.0857 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-03-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-03-31T11:48:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-31T08:48:05Z", "ms": -938963515340.7322 }, "end": { "local": "1940-03-31T12:36:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-03-31T09:36:05Z", "ms": -938960635340.7322 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 07:08 on Sat 30 Mar to 07:42 on Sun 31 Mar.", "fact": "1940-03-30T04:07:59Z → 1940-03-31T04:42:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 30th, 11:48–12:36 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 14753 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 30 March.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitalashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Sitalastami, (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-03-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śītalāṣṭamī 1940 falls on Saturday 30 March. Aṣṭamī runs from 07:08 on Sat 30 Mar to 07:42 on Sun 31 Mar and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shitalashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-04-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17743, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-04-02T10:48:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-02T07:48:48Z", "ms": -938794271556.3448 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-03T13:05:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-03T10:05:01Z", "ms": -938699698762.4691 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-02T10:48:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-02T07:48:48Z", "ms": -938794271556.3448 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-03T13:05:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-03T10:05:01Z", "ms": -938699698762.4691 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-02T05:53:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-02T02:53:06Z", "ms": -938812014071.2792 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-02T05:53:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-02T02:53:06Z", "ms": -938812014071.2792 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-04-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-03T05:51:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-03T02:51:40Z", "ms": -938725700475.3251 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-03T05:51:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-03T02:51:40Z", "ms": -938725700475.3251 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 10:49 on Tue 2 Apr to 13:05 on Wed 3 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-02T07:48:48Z → 1940-04-03T10:05:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:53 on the 2nd and 05:52 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17743 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 3 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Pāpamocanī Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Wednesday 3 April. Ekādaśī runs from 10:49 on Tue 2 Apr to 13:05 on Wed 3 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-04-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-04-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1024, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-04-04T15:37:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-04T12:37:02Z", "ms": -938604178214.6615 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-05T18:15:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-05T15:15:20Z", "ms": -938508279516.8857 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-04T15:37:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-04T12:37:02Z", "ms": -938604178214.6615 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-05T18:15:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-05T15:15:20Z", "ms": -938508279516.8857 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-04T18:31:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-04T15:31:33Z", "ms": -938593706521.6794 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-04T20:01:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-04T17:01:51Z", "ms": -938588288631.8256 } }, "covered_min": 90, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-05T18:32:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-05T15:32:24Z", "ms": -938507255578.6573 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-05T20:02:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-05T17:02:24Z", "ms": -938501855869.7101 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 90, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 15:37 on Thu 4 Apr to 18:15 on Fri 5 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-04T12:37:02Z → 1940-04-05T15:15:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:32–20:02 on the 4th, 18:32–20:02 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 90 of 90 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 90 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1024 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 4 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Thursday 4 April. Trayodaśī runs from 15:37 on Thu 4 Apr to 18:15 on Fri 5 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-04-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-04-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10447, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-04-05T18:15:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-05T15:15:20Z", "ms": -938508279516.8857 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-06T20:51:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-06T17:51:29Z", "ms": -938412510536.8501 }, "month": { "amanta": 11, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Phālguna", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-05T18:15:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-05T15:15:20Z", "ms": -938508279516.8857 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-06T20:51:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-06T17:51:29Z", "ms": -938412510536.8501 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-05T23:45:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-05T20:45:53Z", "ms": -938488446670.105 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-06T00:33:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-05T21:33:53Z", "ms": -938485566670.105 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-06T23:45:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-06T20:45:36Z", "ms": -938402063704.5432 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-07T00:33:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-06T21:33:36Z", "ms": -938399183704.5432 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 18:15 on Fri 5 Apr to 20:51 on Sat 6 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-05T15:15:20Z → 1940-04-06T17:51:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:46–00:34 on the 5th, 23:46–00:34 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10447 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Friday 5 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1940 falls on Friday 5 April. Caturdaśī runs from 18:15 on Fri 5 Apr to 20:51 on Sat 6 Apr and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-04-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "festival": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "name": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra)", "everyday": "Chaitra Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36934, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1940-04-07T23:18:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-07T20:18:20Z", "ms": -938317300451.7526 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-09T01:29:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-08T22:29:55Z", "ms": -938223005218.4594 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-07T23:18:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-07T20:18:20Z", "ms": -938317300451.7526 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-09T01:29:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-08T22:29:55Z", "ms": -938223005218.4594 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-08T11:45:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-08T08:45:45Z", "ms": -938272455019.9539 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-08T12:33:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-08T09:33:45Z", "ms": -938269575019.9539 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-09T11:45:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-09T08:45:28Z", "ms": -938186071594.449 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-09T12:33:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-09T09:33:28Z", "ms": -938183191594.449 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 23:18 on Sun 7 Apr to 01:30 on Tue 9 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-07T20:18:20Z → 1940-04-08T22:29:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 8th, 11:45–12:33 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36934 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha (Caitra), Mosul, 1940: Monday 8 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha-caitra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Navarātrārambha (Caitra) (Chaitra Navratri) 1940 falls on Monday 8 April. Pratipadā runs from 23:18 on Sun 7 Apr to 01:30 on Tue 9 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/navaratra-arambha-caitra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/gauri-tritiya", "festival": "gauri-tritiya", "name": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Gangaur", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25018, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1940-04-10T03:21:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-10T00:21:15Z", "ms": -938129924941.1343 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-11T04:47:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-11T01:47:58Z", "ms": -938038321502.3201 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-10T03:21:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-10T00:21:15Z", "ms": -938129924941.1343 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-11T04:47:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-11T01:47:58Z", "ms": -938038321502.3201 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-10T11:45:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-10T08:45:12Z", "ms": -938099687923.1189 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-10T12:33:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-10T09:33:12Z", "ms": -938096807923.1189 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-11T11:44:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-11T08:44:56Z", "ms": -938013303992.272 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-11T12:32:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-11T09:32:56Z", "ms": -938010423992.272 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 03:21 on Wed 10 Apr to 04:48 on Thu 11 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-10T00:21:15Z → 1940-04-11T01:47:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 10th, 11:45–12:33 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25018 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaurī Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gauri-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gaurī Tṛtīyā (Gangaur) 1940 falls on Wednesday 10 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 03:21 on Wed 10 Apr to 04:48 on Thu 11 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/gauri-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25018, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1940-04-10T03:21:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-10T00:21:15Z", "ms": -938129924941.1343 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-11T04:47:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-11T01:47:58Z", "ms": -938038321502.3201 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-10T03:21:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-10T00:21:15Z", "ms": -938129924941.1343 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-11T04:47:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-11T01:47:58Z", "ms": -938038321502.3201 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-10T11:45:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-10T08:45:12Z", "ms": -938099687923.1189 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-10T12:33:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-10T09:33:12Z", "ms": -938096807923.1189 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-11T11:44:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-11T08:44:56Z", "ms": -938013303992.272 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-11T12:32:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-11T09:32:56Z", "ms": -938010423992.272 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 03:21 on Wed 10 Apr to 04:48 on Thu 11 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-10T00:21:15Z → 1940-04-11T01:47:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 10th, 11:45–12:33 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 0 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25018 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 10 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Dolotsava, Gauri trtiya, Andolana trtiya, Saubhagya sayana vrata (paraviddha), Sarhul (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saubhāgya Śayana Vrata 1940 falls on Wednesday 10 April. Tṛtīyā runs from 03:21 on Wed 10 Apr to 04:48 on Thu 11 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/saubhagya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-04-11", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21508, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-04-11T04:47:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-11T01:47:58Z", "ms": -938038321502.3201 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-12T05:46:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-12T02:46:12Z", "ms": -937948427637.9891 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-11T04:47:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-11T01:47:58Z", "ms": -938038321502.3201 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-12T05:46:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-12T02:46:12Z", "ms": -937948427637.9891 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-11T11:44:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-11T08:44:56Z", "ms": -938013303992.272 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-11T12:32:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-11T09:32:56Z", "ms": -938010423992.272 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-12T11:44:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-12T08:44:40Z", "ms": -937926919788.4108 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-12T12:32:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-12T09:32:40Z", "ms": -937924039788.4108 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:48 on Thu 11 Apr to 05:46 on Fri 12 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-11T01:47:58Z → 1940-04-12T02:46:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 11th, 11:45–12:33 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 0 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21508 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 11 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1940 falls on Thursday 11 April. Caturthī runs from 04:48 on Thu 11 Apr to 05:46 on Fri 12 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-04-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vaishakhi", "festival": "vaishakhi", "name": "Vaiśākhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-12", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 26, "anga": { "type": "sankranti", "index": 0, "key": "mesha", "name": "Meṣa", "start": { "local": "1940-04-13T05:37:11+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-13T02:37:11Z", "ms": -937862569182.7252 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-14T02:32:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-13T23:32:07Z", "ms": -935195272765.7612 } }, "span": { "of": "transit", "start": { "local": "1940-04-13T05:37:11+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-13T02:37:11Z", "ms": -937862569182.7252 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-13T05:37:11+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-13T02:37:11Z", "ms": -937862569182.7252 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-12T05:38:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-12T02:38:59Z", "ms": -937948861244.6353 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-13T05:37:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-13T02:37:37Z", "ms": -937862543410.5438 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-13T05:37:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-13T02:37:37Z", "ms": -937862543410.5438 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-14T05:36:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-14T02:36:15Z", "ms": -937776225005.3177 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1439, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "The Sun enters Meṣa at 05:37 on Sat 13 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-13T02:37:11Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:39 on the 12th, and from 05:38 on the 13th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from sunrise. The transit falls on the 12th, not the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "day counted from sunrise → only-day · margin 26 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaiśākhī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "solar", "id": "vaishakhi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Mesadi — Cadaka puja (Bengal), Bahag Bihu (Assam), Cheiraoba (Manipur), Visu (T. C. State), Vaisakhi (on the samkramana day commencing from sunrise)." }, { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The other names in the row (Cadaka puja, Bahag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Visu) are regional observances and wait with the regional rows.", "rashi": "Meṣa", "day_from": "sunrise" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "civil-day", "local_date": "1940-04-13", "statement": "Counted from midnight", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day." } }, { "kind": "reckoning", "id": "sunset-rule", "local_date": "1940-04-13", "statement": "Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule)", "reference": { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti", "locator": "p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day." } } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vaiśākhī 1940 falls on Friday 12 April. The Sun enters Meṣa at 05:37 on Sat 13 Apr, and the rule counts the day from sunrise. Counted from midnight, or by the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 13 April. It is 0 min 26 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vaishakhi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/lakshmi-panchami", "festival": "lakshmi-panchami", "name": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19908, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1940-04-12T05:46:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-12T02:46:12Z", "ms": -937948427637.9891 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-13T06:12:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-13T03:12:37Z", "ms": -937860443488.856 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-12T05:46:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-12T02:46:12Z", "ms": -937948427637.9891 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-13T06:12:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-13T03:12:37Z", "ms": -937860443488.856 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-12T11:44:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-12T08:44:40Z", "ms": -937926919788.4108 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-12T12:32:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-12T09:32:40Z", "ms": -937924039788.4108 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-13T11:44:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-13T08:44:25Z", "ms": -937840535298.117 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-13T12:32:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-13T09:32:25Z", "ms": -937837655298.117 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 05:46 on Fri 12 Apr to 06:13 on Sat 13 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-12T02:46:12Z → 1940-04-13T03:12:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:45–12:33 on the 12th, 11:44–12:32 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 0 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19908 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pañcamī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 12 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "lakshmi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sri pancami or Laksmi pancami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Lakṣmī Pañcamī 1940 falls on Friday 12 April. Pañcamī runs from 05:46 on Fri 12 Apr to 06:13 on Sat 13 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/lakshmi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/bhavani-utpatti", "festival": "bhavani-utpatti", "name": "Bhavānī Utpatti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22983, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1940-04-15T05:20:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-15T02:20:52Z", "ms": -937690747953.7919 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-16T04:01:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-16T01:01:20Z", "ms": -937609119610.8741 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-15T05:20:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-15T02:20:52Z", "ms": -937690747953.7919 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-16T04:01:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-16T01:01:20Z", "ms": -937609119610.8741 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-15T11:43:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-15T08:43:55Z", "ms": -937667765404.1477 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-15T12:31:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-15T09:31:55Z", "ms": -937664885404.1477 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-16T11:43:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-16T08:43:40Z", "ms": -937581379972.7322 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-16T12:31:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-16T09:31:40Z", "ms": -937578499972.7322 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 05:21 on Mon 15 Apr to 04:01 on Tue 16 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-15T02:20:52Z → 1940-04-16T01:01:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 15th, 11:44–12:32 on the 16th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 15th and 0 of 48 on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22983 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bhavānī Utpatti, Mosul, 1940: Monday 15 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bhavani-utpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Annapurna puja (Beng.) (paraviddha), Bhavani-utpatti (paraviddha), Asokastami (Special when combined with naks. Punarvasu and Wednesday, after mid-day)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bhavānī Utpatti 1940 falls on Monday 15 April. Aṣṭamī runs from 05:21 on Mon 15 Apr to 04:01 on Tue 16 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/bhavani-utpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/rama-navami", "festival": "rama-navami", "name": "Rāma Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27740, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1940-04-16T04:01:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-16T01:01:20Z", "ms": -937609119610.8741 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-17T02:07:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-16T23:07:44Z", "ms": -937529535731.5143 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-16T04:01:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-16T01:01:20Z", "ms": -937609119610.8741 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-17T02:07:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-16T23:07:44Z", "ms": -937529535731.5143 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-16T11:43:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-16T08:43:40Z", "ms": -937581379972.7322 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-16T12:31:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-16T09:31:40Z", "ms": -937578499972.7322 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-17T11:43:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-17T08:43:26Z", "ms": -937494994199.0085 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-17T12:31:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-17T09:31:26Z", "ms": -937492114199.0085 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 04:01 on Tue 16 Apr to 02:08 on Wed 17 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-16T01:01:20Z → 1940-04-16T23:07:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 16th, 11:43–12:31 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 27740 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāma Navamī, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 16 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rama-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Ramanavami (madhyahnavyapini, special with Punarvasu naks.), Rama jayanti." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special when it falls with Punarvasu nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rāma Navamī 1940 falls on Tuesday 16 April. Navamī runs from 04:01 on Tue 16 Apr to 02:08 on Wed 17 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/rama-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-04-18", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20849, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-04-17T23:43:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-17T20:43:26Z", "ms": -937451793784.2947 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-18T20:53:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-18T17:53:23Z", "ms": -937375596677.1337 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-17T23:43:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-17T20:43:26Z", "ms": -937451793784.2947 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-18T20:53:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-18T17:53:23Z", "ms": -937375596677.1337 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-18T05:30:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-18T02:30:55Z", "ms": -937430945108.4083 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-18T05:30:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-18T02:30:55Z", "ms": -937430945108.4083 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-19T05:29:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-19T02:29:37Z", "ms": -937344623417.527 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-19T05:29:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-19T02:29:37Z", "ms": -937344623417.527 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:43 on Wed 17 Apr to 20:53 on Thu 18 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-17T20:43:26Z → 1940-04-18T17:53:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:31 on the 18th and 05:30 on the 19th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 20849 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmadā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 18 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kāmadā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Thursday 18 April. Ekādaśī runs from 23:43 on Wed 17 Apr to 20:53 on Thu 18 Apr and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-04-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-04-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3626, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-04-19T17:43:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-19T14:43:54Z", "ms": -937300565654.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-20T14:22:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-20T11:22:24Z", "ms": -937226255912.0361 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-19T17:43:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-19T14:43:54Z", "ms": -937300565654.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-20T14:22:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-20T11:22:24Z", "ms": -937226255912.0361 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-19T18:44:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-19T15:44:20Z", "ms": -937296939706.2473 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-19T20:10:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-19T17:10:12Z", "ms": -937291787875.8287 } }, "covered_min": 86, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-20T18:45:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-20T15:45:12Z", "ms": -937210488351.7006 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-20T20:10:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-20T17:10:46Z", "ms": -937205353605.872 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 86, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:44 on Fri 19 Apr to 14:22 on Sat 20 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-19T14:43:54Z → 1940-04-20T11:22:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:44–20:10 on the 19th, 18:45–20:11 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 86 of 86 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 86 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3626 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Friday 19 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Friday 19 April. Trayodaśī runs from 17:44 on Fri 19 Apr to 14:22 on Sat 20 Apr and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-04-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ananga-trayodashi", "festival": "ananga-trayodashi", "name": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6699, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-04-19T17:43:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-19T14:43:54Z", "ms": -937300565654.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-20T14:22:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-20T11:22:24Z", "ms": -937226255912.0361 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-19T17:43:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-19T14:43:54Z", "ms": -937300565654.2139 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-20T14:22:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-20T11:22:24Z", "ms": -937226255912.0361 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-19T11:42:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-19T08:42:58Z", "ms": -937322221561.8872 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-19T12:30:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-19T09:30:58Z", "ms": -937319341561.8872 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-20T11:42:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-20T08:42:45Z", "ms": -937235834664.904 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-20T12:30:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-20T09:30:45Z", "ms": -937232954664.904 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 17:44 on Fri 19 Apr to 14:22 on Sat 20 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-19T14:43:54Z → 1940-04-20T11:22:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 19th, 11:43–12:31 on the 20th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 19th and 48 of 48 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 6699 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Anaṅga Trayodaśī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 20 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananga-trayodashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 13 Ananga trayodasi (purvaviddha), Mahavira jayanti (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Anaṅga Trayodaśī 1940 falls on Saturday 20 April. Trayodaśī runs from 17:44 on Fri 19 Apr to 14:22 on Sat 20 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ananga-trayodashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "festival": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "name": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2725, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-04-20T14:22:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-20T11:22:24Z", "ms": -937226255912.0361 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-21T10:57:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-21T07:57:07Z", "ms": -937152172616.0066 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-20T14:22:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-20T11:22:24Z", "ms": -937226255912.0361 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-21T10:57:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-21T07:57:07Z", "ms": -937152172616.0066 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-20T11:42:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-20T08:42:45Z", "ms": -937235834664.904 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-20T12:30:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-20T09:30:45Z", "ms": -937232954664.904 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-21T11:42:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-21T08:42:33Z", "ms": -937149447358.7688 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-21T12:30:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-21T09:30:33Z", "ms": -937146567358.7688 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 14:22 on Sat 20 Apr to 10:57 on Sun 21 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-20T11:22:24Z → 1940-04-21T07:57:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 20th, 11:43–12:31 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 2725 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Madanabhanji, (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Sivadamanaka caturdasi, Visnudamanaka caturdasi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Viṣṇudamanaka Caturdaśī 1940 falls on Sunday 21 April. Caturdaśī runs from 14:22 on Sat 20 Apr to 10:57 on Sun 21 Apr, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vishnu-damanaka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/chaitri-purnima", "festival": "chaitri-purnima", "name": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2725, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-04-21T10:57:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-21T07:57:07Z", "ms": -937152172616.0066 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-22T07:36:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-22T04:36:53Z", "ms": -937077786692.0459 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 0, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Caitra" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-21T10:57:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-21T07:57:07Z", "ms": -937152172616.0066 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-22T07:36:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-22T04:36:53Z", "ms": -937077786692.0459 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-21T11:42:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-21T08:42:33Z", "ms": -937149447358.7688 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-21T12:30:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-21T09:30:33Z", "ms": -937146567358.7688 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-04-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-22T11:42:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-22T08:42:20Z", "ms": -937063059625.5516 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-22T12:30:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-22T09:30:20Z", "ms": -937060179625.5516 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 10:57 on Sun 21 Apr to 07:37 on Mon 22 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-21T07:57:07Z → 1940-04-22T04:36:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 21st, 11:42–12:30 on the 22nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 48 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2725 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Caitrī Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 21 April.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chaitri-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Caitri purnima (paraviddha), Hanumat jayanti, Oli ending (Jain)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Caitrī Pūrṇimā 1940 falls on Sunday 21 April. Pūrṇimā runs from 10:57 on Sun 21 Apr to 07:37 on Mon 22 Apr and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/chaitri-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-04-24", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-04-24", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 1224, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-04-24T23:36:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-24T20:36:55Z", "ms": -936847384917.8389 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-25T22:05:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-25T19:05:13Z", "ms": -936766487399.9425 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-04-24T23:36:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-24T20:36:55Z", "ms": -936847384917.8389 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-25T22:05:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-25T19:05:13Z", "ms": -936766487399.9425 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-04-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-24T21:27:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-24T18:27:09Z", "ms": -936855171216.6465 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-24T21:27:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-24T18:27:09Z", "ms": -936855171216.6465 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-04-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-04-25T22:25:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-25T19:25:37Z", "ms": -936765262913.9614 }, "end": { "local": "1940-04-25T22:25:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-04-25T19:25:37Z", "ms": -936765262913.9614 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 23:37 on Wed 24 Apr to 22:05 on Thu 25 Apr.", "fact": "1940-04-24T20:36:55Z → 1940-04-25T19:05:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:27 on the 24th and 22:26 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 24th and is not on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither moonrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: unstated → tithi-day · margin 1224 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 24 April.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-24", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-04-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1940 falls on Wednesday 24 April. Caturthī runs from 23:37 on Wed 24 Apr to 22:05 on Thu 25 Apr, and is current at moonrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-04-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-05-03", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3760, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-02T04:11:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-02T01:11:18Z", "ms": -936226121683.6116 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-03T06:47:39+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-03T03:47:39Z", "ms": -936130341495.7755 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-02T04:11:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-02T01:11:18Z", "ms": -936226121683.6116 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-03T06:47:39+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-03T03:47:39Z", "ms": -936130341495.7755 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-02T05:13:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-02T02:13:58Z", "ms": -936222361608.9706 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-02T05:13:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-02T02:13:58Z", "ms": -936222361608.9706 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-05-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-03T05:12:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-03T02:12:53Z", "ms": -936136026559.0549 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-03T05:12:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-03T02:12:53Z", "ms": -936136026559.0549 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "paraviddha", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 04:11 on Thu 2 May to 06:48 on Fri 3 May.", "fact": "1940-05-02T01:11:18Z → 1940-05-03T03:47:39Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:14 on the 2nd and 05:13 on the 3rd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 2nd and is on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both sunrises qualify. Paraviddhā: the second is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → paraviddha · margin 3760 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Varūthinī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 3 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Varūthinī Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Friday 3 May. Ekādaśī runs from 04:11 on Thu 2 May to 06:48 on Fri 3 May and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-05-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-05-04", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26323, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-04T09:20:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-04T06:20:32Z", "ms": -936034767616.0952 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-05T11:39:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-05T08:39:22Z", "ms": -935940038017.4215 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-04T09:20:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-04T06:20:32Z", "ms": -936034767616.0952 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-05T11:39:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-05T08:39:22Z", "ms": -935940038017.4215 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-04T18:57:14+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-04T15:57:14Z", "ms": -936000166369.4329 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-04T20:19:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-04T17:19:02Z", "ms": -935995257909.207 } }, "covered_min": 82, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-05T18:58:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-05T15:58:05Z", "ms": -935913714929.787 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-05T20:19:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-05T17:19:38Z", "ms": -935908821509.327 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 82, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 09:21 on Sat 4 May to 11:39 on Sun 5 May.", "fact": "1940-05-04T06:20:32Z → 1940-05-05T08:39:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:57–20:19 on the 4th, 18:58–20:20 on the 5th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 82 of 82 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 82 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26323 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 4 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Saturday 4 May. Trayodaśī runs from 09:21 on Sat 4 May to 11:39 on Sun 5 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-05-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-05-05", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36211, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-05T11:39:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-05T08:39:22Z", "ms": -935940038017.4215 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-06T13:36:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-06T10:36:20Z", "ms": -935846619939.4374 }, "month": { "amanta": 0, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Caitra", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-05T11:39:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-05T08:39:22Z", "ms": -935940038017.4215 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-06T13:36:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-06T10:36:20Z", "ms": -935846619939.4374 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-05T23:39:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-05T20:39:55Z", "ms": -935896804603.062 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-06T00:27:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-05T21:27:55Z", "ms": -935893924603.062 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-05-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-06T23:39:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-06T20:39:51Z", "ms": -935810408990.7664 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-07T00:27:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-06T21:27:51Z", "ms": -935807528990.7664 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 11:39 on Sun 5 May to 13:36 on Mon 6 May.", "fact": "1940-05-05T08:39:22Z → 1940-05-06T10:36:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:40–00:28 on the 5th, 23:40–00:28 on the 6th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36211 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 5 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1940 falls on Sunday 5 May. Caturdaśī runs from 11:39 on Sun 5 May to 13:36 on Mon 6 May and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-05-05", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/parashurama-jayanti", "festival": "parashurama-jayanti", "name": "Paraśurāma Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8293, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1940-05-09T16:40:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-09T13:40:17Z", "ms": -935576383460.9116 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-10T16:44:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-10T13:44:07Z", "ms": -935489752526.8104 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-09T16:40:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-09T13:40:17Z", "ms": -935576383460.9116 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-10T16:44:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-10T13:44:07Z", "ms": -935489752526.8104 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-09T19:01:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-09T16:01:30Z", "ms": -935567910427.4017 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-09T20:22:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-09T17:22:05Z", "ms": -935563075306.627 } }, "covered_min": 81, "window_min": 81, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-10T19:02:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-10T16:02:20Z", "ms": -935481459739.1771 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-10T20:22:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-10T17:22:41Z", "ms": -935476638697.0109 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 16:40 on Thu 9 May to 16:44 on Fri 10 May.", "fact": "1940-05-09T13:40:17Z → 1940-05-10T13:44:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:01–20:22 on the 9th, 19:02–20:23 on the 10th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 81 of 81 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 80 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 8293 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Jayantī, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 9 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Paraśurāma Jayantī 1940 falls on Thursday 9 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 16:40 on Thu 9 May to 16:44 on Fri 10 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/parashurama-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/akshaya-tritiya", "festival": "akshaya-tritiya", "name": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24914, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1940-05-09T16:40:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-09T13:40:17Z", "ms": -935576383460.9116 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-10T16:44:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-10T13:44:07Z", "ms": -935489752526.8104 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-09T16:40:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-09T13:40:17Z", "ms": -935576383460.9116 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-10T16:44:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-10T13:44:07Z", "ms": -935489752526.8104 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-09T05:06:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-09T02:06:49Z", "ms": -935617990784.2578 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-09T09:45:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-09T06:45:03Z", "ms": -935601297331.9724 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 278, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-10T05:05:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-10T02:05:53Z", "ms": -935531647021.5905 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-10T09:44:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-10T06:44:42Z", "ms": -935514917927.4526 } }, "covered_min": 279, "window_min": 279, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 16:40 on Thu 9 May to 16:44 on Fri 10 May.", "fact": "1940-05-09T13:40:17Z → 1940-05-10T13:44:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:07–09:45 on the 9th, 05:06–09:45 on the 10th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 278 minutes on the 9th and 279 of 279 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 24914 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1940: Friday 10 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Aksaya trtiya (purvahna vyapini, paraviddha) (Special when combined with Rohini naksatra and Wednesday), Candanayatra, Parasurama jayanti (pradosavyapini — if occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Rohiṇī nakṣatra and a Wednesday; neither is tested.", "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Akṣaya Tṛtīyā 1940 falls on Friday 10 May. Tṛtīyā runs from 16:40 on Thu 9 May to 16:44 on Fri 10 May and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/akshaya-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-05-11", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13977, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-10T16:44:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-10T13:44:07Z", "ms": -935489752526.8104 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-11T16:21:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-11T13:21:02Z", "ms": -935404738350.4395 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-10T16:44:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-10T13:44:07Z", "ms": -935489752526.8104 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-11T16:21:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-11T13:21:02Z", "ms": -935404738350.4395 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-10T11:40:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-10T08:40:07Z", "ms": -935507993380.3838 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-10T12:28:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-10T09:28:07Z", "ms": -935505113380.3838 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-11T11:40:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-11T08:40:04Z", "ms": -935421595601.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-11T12:28:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-11T09:28:04Z", "ms": -935418715601.1965 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 16:44 on Fri 10 May to 16:21 on Sat 11 May.", "fact": "1940-05-10T13:44:07Z → 1940-05-11T13:21:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 10th, 11:40–12:28 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13977 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 11 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1940 falls on Saturday 11 May. Caturthī runs from 16:44 on Fri 10 May to 16:21 on Sat 11 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-05-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shankara-jayanti", "festival": "shankara-jayanti", "name": "Śaṅkara Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11071, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-11T16:21:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-11T13:21:02Z", "ms": -935404738350.4395 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-12T15:32:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-12T12:32:34Z", "ms": -935321246289.593 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-11T16:21:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-11T13:21:02Z", "ms": -935404738350.4395 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-12T15:32:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-12T12:32:34Z", "ms": -935321246289.593 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-11T11:40:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-11T08:40:04Z", "ms": -935421595601.1965 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-11T12:28:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-11T09:28:04Z", "ms": -935418715601.1965 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-05-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-12T11:40:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-12T08:40:03Z", "ms": -935335197271.6299 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-12T12:28:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-12T09:28:03Z", "ms": -935332317271.6299 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 16:21 on Sat 11 May to 15:33 on Sun 12 May.", "fact": "1940-05-11T13:21:02Z → 1940-05-12T12:32:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 11th, 11:40–12:28 on the 12th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 11th and 48 of 48 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11071 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śaṅkara Jayantī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 12 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shankara-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Sankara jayanti." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śaṅkara Jayantī 1940 falls on Sunday 12 May. Pañcamī runs from 16:21 on Sat 11 May to 15:33 on Sun 12 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shankara-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/gangotpatti", "festival": "gangotpatti", "name": "Gaṅgotpatti", "everyday": "Ganga Saptami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1062, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-13T14:20:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-13T11:20:17Z", "ms": -935239183337.4917 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-14T12:45:43+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-14T09:45:43Z", "ms": -935158457197.0516 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-13T14:20:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-13T11:20:17Z", "ms": -935239183337.4917 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-14T12:45:43+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-14T09:45:43Z", "ms": -935158457197.0516 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-13T11:40:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-13T08:40:02Z", "ms": -935248798395.2959 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-13T12:28:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-13T09:28:02Z", "ms": -935245918395.2959 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-05-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-14T11:40:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-14T08:40:01Z", "ms": -935162398975.8247 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-14T12:28:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-14T09:28:01Z", "ms": -935159518975.8247 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 14:20 on Mon 13 May to 12:46 on Tue 14 May.", "fact": "1940-05-13T11:20:17Z → 1940-05-14T09:45:43Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 13th, 11:40–12:28 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1062 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṅgotpatti, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 14 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gangotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Gangotpatti, (madhyahna vyapini, if occurs on two successive days, the first day is to be observed), Jahnu saptami, Sarkara saptami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gaṅgotpatti (Ganga Saptami) 1940 falls on Tuesday 14 May. Saptamī runs from 14:20 on Mon 13 May to 12:46 on Tue 14 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/gangotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-05-17", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mohinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4062, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-17T06:07:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-17T03:07:40Z", "ms": -934923140069.4087 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-18T03:26:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T00:26:26Z", "ms": -934846414060.2971 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-17T06:07:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-17T03:07:40Z", "ms": -934923140069.4087 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-18T03:26:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T00:26:26Z", "ms": -934846414060.2971 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-17T04:59:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-17T01:59:58Z", "ms": -934927202052.4164 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-17T04:59:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-17T01:59:58Z", "ms": -934927202052.4164 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-18T04:59:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T01:59:13Z", "ms": -934840846986.6652 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-18T04:59:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T01:59:13Z", "ms": -934840846986.6652 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:08 on Fri 17 May to 03:26 on Sat 18 May.", "fact": "1940-05-17T03:07:40Z → 1940-05-18T00:26:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:00 on the 17th and 04:59 on the 18th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 17th and is not on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 4062 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mohinī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 17 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mohinī Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Friday 17 May. Ekādaśī runs from 06:08 on Fri 17 May to 03:26 on Sat 18 May, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-05-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/parashurama-dvadashi", "festival": "parashurama-dvadashi", "name": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29618, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-18T03:26:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T00:26:26Z", "ms": -934846414060.2971 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-19T00:38:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T21:38:01Z", "ms": -934770119041.0577 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-18T03:26:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T00:26:26Z", "ms": -934846414060.2971 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-19T00:38:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T21:38:01Z", "ms": -934770119041.0577 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-18T11:40:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T08:40:04Z", "ms": -934816795928.4137 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-18T12:28:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T09:28:04Z", "ms": -934813915928.4137 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-19T11:40:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-19T08:40:06Z", "ms": -934730393835.5409 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-19T12:28:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-19T09:28:06Z", "ms": -934727513835.5409 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 03:26 on Sat 18 May to 00:38 on Sun 19 May.", "fact": "1940-05-18T00:26:26Z → 1940-05-18T21:38:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 18th, 11:40–12:28 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29618 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Paraśurāma Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 18 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "parashurama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Paraśurāma Dvādaśī 1940 falls on Saturday 18 May. Dvādaśī runs from 03:26 on Sat 18 May to 00:38 on Sun 19 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/parashurama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/rukmini-dvadashi", "festival": "rukmini-dvadashi", "name": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29618, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-18T03:26:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T00:26:26Z", "ms": -934846414060.2971 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-19T00:38:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T21:38:01Z", "ms": -934770119041.0577 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-18T03:26:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T00:26:26Z", "ms": -934846414060.2971 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-19T00:38:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T21:38:01Z", "ms": -934770119041.0577 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-18T11:40:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T08:40:04Z", "ms": -934816795928.4137 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-18T12:28:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T09:28:04Z", "ms": -934813915928.4137 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-19T11:40:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-19T08:40:06Z", "ms": -934730393835.5409 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-19T12:28:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-19T09:28:06Z", "ms": -934727513835.5409 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 03:26 on Sat 18 May to 00:38 on Sun 19 May.", "fact": "1940-05-18T00:26:26Z → 1940-05-18T21:38:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 18th, 11:40–12:28 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 29618 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 18 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rukmini-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Parasurama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Rukmini dvadasi (purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rukmiṇī Dvādaśī 1940 falls on Saturday 18 May. Dvādaśī runs from 03:26 on Sat 18 May to 00:38 on Sun 19 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/rukmini-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "festival": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "name": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Narasimha Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-19", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 389, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-19T21:48:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-19T18:48:16Z", "ms": -934693904317.829 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-20T19:04:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-20T16:04:00Z", "ms": -934617359529.1692 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-19T21:48:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-19T18:48:16Z", "ms": -934693904317.829 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-20T19:04:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-20T16:04:00Z", "ms": -934617359529.1692 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-19T19:09:43+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-19T16:09:43Z", "ms": -934703417264.2836 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-19T20:28:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-19T17:28:07Z", "ms": -934698712601.0403 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-20T19:10:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-20T16:10:30Z", "ms": -934616970137.2671 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-20T20:28:43+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-20T17:28:43Z", "ms": -934612277134.1023 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 21:48 on Sun 19 May to 19:04 on Mon 20 May.", "fact": "1940-05-19T18:48:16Z → 1940-05-20T16:04:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:10–20:28 on the 19th, 19:10–20:29 on the 20th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 78 minutes on the 19th and 0 of 78 on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither evening qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 389 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "nrisimha-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Nrsimha caturdasi (pradosa vyapini — if it occurs on two successive days, the second day is to be observed, special when combined with naksatra 'Svati', yoga 'Siddhi' and 'Saturday')." } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Svātī nakṣatra, Siddhi yoga and a Saturday; none is tested.", "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-19", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-19", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nṛsiṃha Caturdaśī (Narasimha Jayanti) 1940 falls on Sunday 19 May. Caturdaśī runs from 21:48 on Sun 19 May to 19:04 on Mon 20 May, and reaches pradoṣa on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/nrisimha-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-05-19", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4808, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-19T00:38:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T21:38:01Z", "ms": -934770119041.0577 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-19T21:48:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-19T18:48:16Z", "ms": -934693904317.829 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-19T00:38:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T21:38:01Z", "ms": -934770119041.0577 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-19T21:48:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-19T18:48:16Z", "ms": -934693904317.829 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-18T19:08:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T16:08:55Z", "ms": -934789864870.1622 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-18T20:27:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-18T17:27:32Z", "ms": -934785148275.047 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 79, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-05-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-19T19:09:43+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-19T16:09:43Z", "ms": -934703417264.2836 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-19T20:28:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-19T17:28:07Z", "ms": -934698712601.0403 } }, "covered_min": 78, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 00:38 on Sun 19 May to 21:48 on Sun 19 May.", "fact": "1940-05-18T21:38:01Z → 1940-05-19T18:48:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:09–20:28 on the 18th, 19:10–20:28 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 79 minutes on the 18th and 78 of 78 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4808 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 19 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Sunday 19 May. Trayodaśī runs from 00:38 on Sun 19 May to 21:48 on Sun 19 May and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-05-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/buddha-purnima", "festival": "buddha-purnima", "name": "Buddha Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14681, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-05-20T19:04:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-20T16:04:00Z", "ms": -934617359529.1692 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-21T16:32:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-21T13:32:53Z", "ms": -934540026682.7777 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-20T19:04:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-20T16:04:00Z", "ms": -934617359529.1692 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-21T16:32:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-21T13:32:53Z", "ms": -934540026682.7777 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-20T11:40:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-20T08:40:09Z", "ms": -934643991213.6133 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-20T12:28:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-20T09:28:09Z", "ms": -934641111213.6133 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-21T11:40:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-21T08:40:12Z", "ms": -934557588064.4766 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-21T12:28:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-21T09:28:12Z", "ms": -934554708064.4766 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:04 on Mon 20 May to 16:33 on Tue 21 May.", "fact": "1940-05-20T16:04:00Z → 1940-05-21T13:32:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 20th, 11:40–12:28 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 14681 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Buddha Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "buddha-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Buddha Pūrṇimā 1940 falls on Tuesday 21 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:04 on Mon 20 May to 16:33 on Tue 21 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/buddha-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sampat-gauri-vrata", "festival": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "name": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14681, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-05-20T19:04:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-20T16:04:00Z", "ms": -934617359529.1692 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-21T16:32:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-21T13:32:53Z", "ms": -934540026682.7777 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 1, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Vaiśākha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-20T19:04:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-20T16:04:00Z", "ms": -934617359529.1692 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-21T16:32:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-21T13:32:53Z", "ms": -934540026682.7777 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-20T11:40:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-20T08:40:09Z", "ms": -934643991213.6133 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-20T12:28:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-20T09:28:09Z", "ms": -934641111213.6133 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-05-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-21T11:40:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-21T08:40:12Z", "ms": -934557588064.4766 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-21T12:28:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-21T09:28:12Z", "ms": -934554708064.4766 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 19:04 on Mon 20 May to 16:33 on Tue 21 May.", "fact": "1940-05-20T16:04:00Z → 1940-05-21T13:32:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 20th, 11:40–12:28 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 48 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14681 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sampat Gaurī Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 21 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sampat-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Sampat gauri vrata (paraviddha), Phuladola (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha), Gandhesvari puja (Bengal) (purvaviddha), Buddha purnima, Vaisakhi purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Sampat Gaurī Vrata 1940 falls on Tuesday 21 May. Pūrṇimā runs from 19:04 on Mon 20 May to 16:33 on Tue 21 May and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sampat-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-05-24", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-05-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37064, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-24T11:38:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-24T08:38:25Z", "ms": -934298494953.1333 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-25T11:16:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-25T08:16:45Z", "ms": -934213395307.479 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-24T11:38:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-24T08:38:25Z", "ms": -934298494953.1333 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-25T11:16:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-25T08:16:45Z", "ms": -934213395307.479 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-05-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-24T21:56:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-24T18:56:09Z", "ms": -934261430879.7651 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-24T21:56:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-24T18:56:09Z", "ms": -934261430879.7651 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-05-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-05-25T22:40:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-25T19:40:31Z", "ms": -934172369188.5055 }, "end": { "local": "1940-05-25T22:40:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-25T19:40:31Z", "ms": -934172369188.5055 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 11:38 on Fri 24 May to 11:17 on Sat 25 May.", "fact": "1940-05-24T08:38:25Z → 1940-05-25T08:16:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:56 on the 24th and 22:41 on the 25th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 24th and is not on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 37064 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 24 May.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-05-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1940 falls on Friday 24 May. Caturthī runs from 11:38 on Fri 24 May to 11:17 on Sat 25 May and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-05-24", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-06-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Aparā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-06-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16912, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-05-31T21:52:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-31T18:52:46Z", "ms": -933656834062.8076 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-02T00:09:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-01T21:09:20Z", "ms": -933562240469.4922 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-05-31T21:52:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-05-31T18:52:46Z", "ms": -933656834062.8076 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-02T00:09:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-01T21:09:20Z", "ms": -933562240469.4922 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-01T04:51:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-01T01:51:32Z", "ms": -933631707775.4668 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-01T04:51:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-01T01:51:32Z", "ms": -933631707775.4668 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-02T04:51:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-02T01:51:12Z", "ms": -933545328037.3124 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-02T04:51:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-02T01:51:12Z", "ms": -933545328037.3124 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 21:53 on Fri 31 May to 00:09 on Sun 2 Jun.", "fact": "1940-05-31T18:52:46Z → 1940-06-01T21:09:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:52 on the 1st and 04:51 on the 2nd.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 1st and is not on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16912 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aparā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 1 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Aparā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Saturday 1 June. Ekādaśī runs from 21:53 on Fri 31 May to 00:09 on Sun 2 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-06-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-06-03", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-06-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19451, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-06-03T02:00:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-02T23:00:06Z", "ms": -933469194484.0701 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-04T03:17:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-04T00:17:44Z", "ms": -933378135997.9255 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-06-03T02:00:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-02T23:00:06Z", "ms": -933469194484.0701 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-04T03:17:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-04T00:17:44Z", "ms": -933378135997.9255 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-02T19:19:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-02T16:19:45Z", "ms": -933493214773.0798 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-02T20:35:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-02T17:35:54Z", "ms": -933488645678.8695 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-03T19:20:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-03T16:20:22Z", "ms": -933406777681.672 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-03T20:36:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-03T17:36:24Z", "ms": -933402215772.4501 } }, "covered_min": 76, "window_min": 76, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:00 on Mon 3 Jun to 03:18 on Tue 4 Jun.", "fact": "1940-06-02T23:00:06Z → 1940-06-04T00:17:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:20–20:36 on the 2nd, 19:20–20:36 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 76 minutes on the 2nd and 76 of 76 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19451 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Monday 3 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Monday 3 June. Trayodaśī runs from 02:00 on Mon 3 Jun to 03:18 on Tue 4 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-06-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-06-04", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-06-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10095, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-06-04T03:17:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-04T00:17:44Z", "ms": -933378135997.9255 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-05T03:59:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-05T00:59:10Z", "ms": -933289250334.4961 }, "month": { "amanta": 1, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Vaiśākha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-06-04T03:17:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-04T00:17:44Z", "ms": -933378135997.9255 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-05T03:59:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-05T00:59:10Z", "ms": -933289250334.4961 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-03T23:41:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-03T20:41:29Z", "ms": -933391110522.0898 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-04T00:29:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-03T21:29:29Z", "ms": -933388230522.0898 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-06-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-04T23:41:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-04T20:41:40Z", "ms": -933304700006.556 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-05T00:29:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-04T21:29:40Z", "ms": -933301820006.556 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 03:18 on Tue 4 Jun to 03:59 on Wed 5 Jun.", "fact": "1940-06-04T00:17:44Z → 1940-06-05T00:59:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:41–00:29 on the 3rd, 23:42–00:30 on the 4th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10095 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 4 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1940 falls on Tuesday 4 June. Caturdaśī runs from 03:18 on Tue 4 Jun to 03:59 on Wed 5 Jun and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-06-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/rambha-tritiya", "festival": "rambha-tritiya", "name": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-06-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32342, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1940-06-08T02:43:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-07T23:43:27Z", "ms": -933034592797.942 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-09T01:26:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-08T22:26:13Z", "ms": -932952827350.1404 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-06-08T02:43:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-07T23:43:27Z", "ms": -933034592797.942 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-09T01:26:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-08T22:26:13Z", "ms": -932952827350.1404 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-08T11:42:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-08T08:42:29Z", "ms": -933002250628.7 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-08T12:30:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-08T09:30:29Z", "ms": -932999370628.7 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-09T11:42:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-09T08:42:41Z", "ms": -932915839473.6383 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-09T12:30:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-09T09:30:41Z", "ms": -932912959473.6383 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 02:43 on Sat 8 Jun to 01:26 on Sun 9 Jun.", "fact": "1940-06-07T23:43:27Z → 1940-06-08T22:26:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 8th, 11:43–12:31 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32342 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rambhā Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 8 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rambha-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Rambha trtiya (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rambhā Tṛtīyā 1940 falls on Saturday 8 June. Tṛtīyā runs from 02:43 on Sat 8 Jun to 01:26 on Sun 9 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/rambha-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-06-09", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-06-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36988, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-06-09T01:26:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-08T22:26:13Z", "ms": -932952827350.1404 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-09T23:51:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-09T20:51:31Z", "ms": -932872109469.0321 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-06-09T01:26:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-08T22:26:13Z", "ms": -932952827350.1404 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-09T23:51:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-09T20:51:31Z", "ms": -932872109469.0321 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-09T11:42:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-09T08:42:41Z", "ms": -932915839473.6383 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-09T12:30:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-09T09:30:41Z", "ms": -932912959473.6383 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-10T11:42:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-10T08:42:52Z", "ms": -932829428090.1407 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-10T12:30:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-10T09:30:52Z", "ms": -932826548090.1407 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:26 on Sun 9 Jun to 23:52 on Sun 9 Jun.", "fact": "1940-06-08T22:26:13Z → 1940-06-09T20:51:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 9th, 11:43–12:31 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36988 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 9 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1940 falls on Sunday 9 June. Caturthī runs from 01:26 on Sun 9 Jun to 23:52 on Sun 9 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-06-09", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/aranya-gauri-vrata", "festival": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "name": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-06-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27341, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1940-06-10T22:03:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-10T19:03:50Z", "ms": -932792170370.8779 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-11T20:06:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-11T17:06:44Z", "ms": -932712795531.0376 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-06-10T22:03:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-10T19:03:50Z", "ms": -932792170370.8779 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-11T20:06:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-11T17:06:44Z", "ms": -932712795531.0376 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-10T11:42:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-10T08:42:52Z", "ms": -932829428090.1407 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-10T12:30:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-10T09:30:52Z", "ms": -932826548090.1407 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-11T11:43:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-11T08:43:03Z", "ms": -932743016502.6223 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-11T12:31:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-11T09:31:03Z", "ms": -932740136502.6223 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:04 on Mon 10 Jun to 20:07 on Tue 11 Jun.", "fact": "1940-06-10T19:03:50Z → 1940-06-11T17:06:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 10th, 11:43–12:31 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27341 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Araṇya Gaurī Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aranya-gauri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Araṇya Gaurī Vrata 1940 falls on Tuesday 11 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:04 on Mon 10 Jun to 20:07 on Tue 11 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/aranya-gauri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "festival": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-06-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27341, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1940-06-10T22:03:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-10T19:03:50Z", "ms": -932792170370.8779 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-11T20:06:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-11T17:06:44Z", "ms": -932712795531.0376 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-06-10T22:03:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-10T19:03:50Z", "ms": -932792170370.8779 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-11T20:06:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-11T17:06:44Z", "ms": -932712795531.0376 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-10T11:42:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-10T08:42:52Z", "ms": -932829428090.1407 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-10T12:30:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-10T09:30:52Z", "ms": -932826548090.1407 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-06-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-11T11:43:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-11T08:43:03Z", "ms": -932743016502.6223 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-11T12:31:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-11T09:31:03Z", "ms": -932740136502.6223 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:04 on Mon 10 Jun to 20:07 on Tue 11 Jun.", "fact": "1940-06-10T19:03:50Z → 1940-06-11T17:06:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 10th, 11:43–12:31 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 27341 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha), Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 11 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Aranya sasthi, Aranya gauri vrata, (paraviddha), Skanda sasthi, (purvaviddha), Sitala sasthi yatra (Orissa)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī (Jyaiṣṭha) 1940 falls on Tuesday 11 June. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 22:04 on Mon 10 Jun to 20:07 on Tue 11 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/skanda-shashthi-jyaishtha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-06-16", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-06-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16054, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-06-15T11:29:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-15T08:29:15Z", "ms": -932398244581.1779 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-16T09:17:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-16T06:17:02Z", "ms": -932319777759.361 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-06-15T11:29:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-15T08:29:15Z", "ms": -932398244581.1779 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-16T09:17:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-16T06:17:02Z", "ms": -932319777759.361 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-15T04:49:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-15T01:49:25Z", "ms": -932422235319.4236 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-15T04:49:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-15T01:49:25Z", "ms": -932422235319.4236 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-16T04:49:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-16T01:49:28Z", "ms": -932335831855.3718 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-16T04:49:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-16T01:49:28Z", "ms": -932335831855.3718 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:29 on Sat 15 Jun to 09:17 on Sun 16 Jun.", "fact": "1940-06-15T08:29:15Z → 1940-06-16T06:17:02Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:49 on the 15th and 04:49 on the 16th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 15th and is on the 16th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16054 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nirjalā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 16 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nirjalā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Sunday 16 June. Ekādaśī runs from 11:29 on Sat 15 Jun to 09:17 on Sun 16 Jun and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-06-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shri-rama-dvadashi", "festival": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "name": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-06-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8821, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-06-16T09:17:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-16T06:17:02Z", "ms": -932319777759.361 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-17T07:09:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-17T04:09:10Z", "ms": -932241050377.1697 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-06-16T09:17:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-16T06:17:02Z", "ms": -932319777759.361 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-17T07:09:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-17T04:09:10Z", "ms": -932241050377.1697 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-16T11:44:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-16T08:44:04Z", "ms": -932310956307.0353 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-16T12:32:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-16T09:32:04Z", "ms": -932308076307.0353 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-17T11:44:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-17T08:44:16Z", "ms": -932224543963.949 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-17T12:32:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-17T09:32:16Z", "ms": -932221663963.949 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 09:17 on Sun 16 Jun to 07:09 on Mon 17 Jun.", "fact": "1940-06-16T06:17:02Z → 1940-06-17T04:09:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:44–12:32 on the 16th, 11:44–12:32 on the 17th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 48 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 8821 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 16 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shri-rama-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Sri Rama dvadasi (purvaviddha), Campaka dvadasi (Orissa) (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śrī Rāma Dvādaśī 1940 falls on Sunday 16 June. Dvādaśī runs from 09:17 on Sun 16 Jun to 07:09 on Mon 17 Jun and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shri-rama-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-06-17", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-06-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 30486, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-06-17T07:09:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-17T04:09:10Z", "ms": -932241050377.1697 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-18T05:10:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-18T02:10:07Z", "ms": -932161793352.5247 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-06-17T07:09:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-17T04:09:10Z", "ms": -932241050377.1697 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-18T05:10:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-18T02:10:07Z", "ms": -932161793352.5247 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-16T19:26:39+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-16T16:26:39Z", "ms": -932283200758.6987 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-16T20:41:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-16T17:41:42Z", "ms": -932278697560.9528 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-06-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-17T19:26:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-17T16:26:59Z", "ms": -932196781152.2936 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-17T20:42:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-17T17:42:00Z", "ms": -932192279677.8702 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 07:09 on Mon 17 Jun to 05:10 on Tue 18 Jun.", "fact": "1940-06-17T04:09:10Z → 1940-06-18T02:10:07Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:27–20:42 on the 16th, 19:27–20:42 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 75 minutes on the 16th and 75 of 75 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 30486 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Monday 17 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Monday 17 June. Trayodaśī runs from 07:09 on Mon 17 Jun to 05:10 on Tue 18 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-06-17", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vata-savitri-vrata", "festival": "vata-savitri-vrata", "name": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-06-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19140, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-06-19T03:25:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-19T00:25:27Z", "ms": -932081672805.7438 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-20T02:01:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-19T23:01:33Z", "ms": -932000307018.4147 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 2, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-06-19T03:25:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-19T00:25:27Z", "ms": -932081672805.7438 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-20T02:01:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-19T23:01:33Z", "ms": -932000307018.4147 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-18T19:27:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-18T16:27:17Z", "ms": -932110363035.9565 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-18T20:42:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-18T17:42:17Z", "ms": -932105862874.5852 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-06-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-19T19:27:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-19T16:27:34Z", "ms": -932023946432.0918 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-19T20:42:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-19T17:42:33Z", "ms": -932019447172.6069 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:25 on Wed 19 Jun to 02:02 on Thu 20 Jun.", "fact": "1940-06-19T00:25:27Z → 1940-06-19T23:01:33Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:27–20:42 on the 18th, 19:28–20:43 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 75 minutes on the 18th and 75 of 75 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 19140 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 19 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vata-savitri-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Vata-savitri vrata (Deccan) (pradosavyapini, purvaviddha), Snanayatra (Bengal & Orissa) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata 1940 falls on Wednesday 19 June. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:25 on Wed 19 Jun to 02:02 on Thu 20 Jun and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vata-savitri-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-06-23", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-06-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13289, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-06-23T00:57:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-22T21:57:17Z", "ms": -931744963228.0453 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-24T01:52:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-23T22:52:38Z", "ms": -931655242001.4081 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-06-23T00:57:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-22T21:57:17Z", "ms": -931744963228.0453 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-24T01:52:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-23T22:52:38Z", "ms": -931655242001.4081 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-22T21:15:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-22T18:15:48Z", "ms": -931758252243.4744 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-22T21:15:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-22T18:15:48Z", "ms": -931758252243.4744 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-06-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-23T21:53:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-23T18:53:25Z", "ms": -931669595328.4249 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-23T21:53:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-23T18:53:25Z", "ms": -931669595328.4249 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 00:57 on Sun 23 Jun to 01:53 on Mon 24 Jun.", "fact": "1940-06-22T21:57:17Z → 1940-06-23T22:52:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:16 on the 22nd and 21:53 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 22nd and is on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13289 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 23 June.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-06-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1940 falls on Sunday 23 June. Caturthī runs from 00:57 on Sun 23 Jun to 01:53 on Mon 24 Jun and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-06-23", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-07-01", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Yoginī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35513, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-06-30T14:44:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-30T11:44:51Z", "ms": -931090508779.3323 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-01T16:04:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-01T13:04:34Z", "ms": -930999325844.3374 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-06-30T14:44:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-30T11:44:51Z", "ms": -931090508779.3323 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-01T16:04:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-01T13:04:34Z", "ms": -930999325844.3374 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-06-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-06-30T04:52:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-30T01:52:58Z", "ms": -931126021698.4535 }, "end": { "local": "1940-06-30T04:52:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-06-30T01:52:58Z", "ms": -931126021698.4535 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-07-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-01T04:53:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-01T01:53:24Z", "ms": -931039596058.9868 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-01T04:53:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-01T01:53:24Z", "ms": -931039596058.9868 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 14:45 on Sun 30 Jun to 16:05 on Mon 1 Jul.", "fact": "1940-06-30T11:44:51Z → 1940-07-01T13:04:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 04:53 on the 30th and 04:53 on the 1st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 30th and is on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 35513 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yoginī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 1 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Yoginī Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Monday 1 July. Ekādaśī runs from 14:45 on Sun 30 Jun to 16:05 on Mon 1 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-07-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-07-02", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9998, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-07-02T16:42:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-02T13:42:06Z", "ms": -930910674486.659 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-03T16:36:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-03T13:36:08Z", "ms": -930824632326.2455 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-02T16:42:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-02T13:42:06Z", "ms": -930910674486.659 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-03T16:36:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-03T13:36:08Z", "ms": -930824632326.2455 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-02T19:28:43+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-02T16:28:43Z", "ms": -930900676883.6533 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-02T20:44:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-02T17:44:08Z", "ms": -930896152105.5391 } }, "covered_min": 75, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-03T19:28:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-03T16:28:37Z", "ms": -930814283331.2233 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-03T20:44:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-03T17:44:06Z", "ms": -930809753787.3008 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 75, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:42 on Tue 2 Jul to 16:36 on Wed 3 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-02T13:42:06Z → 1940-07-03T13:36:08Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:29–20:44 on the 2nd, 19:29–20:44 on the 3rd.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 75 of 75 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 75 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9998 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 2 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Tuesday 2 July. Trayodaśī runs from 16:42 on Tue 2 Jul to 16:36 on Wed 3 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-07-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-07-03", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25895, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-07-03T16:36:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-03T13:36:08Z", "ms": -930824632326.2455 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-04T15:49:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-04T12:49:26Z", "ms": -930741034137.6206 }, "month": { "amanta": 2, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Jyeṣṭha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-03T16:36:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-03T13:36:08Z", "ms": -930824632326.2455 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-04T15:49:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-04T12:49:26Z", "ms": -930741034137.6206 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-03T23:47:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-03T20:47:42Z", "ms": -930798737541.5142 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-04T00:35:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-03T21:35:42Z", "ms": -930795857541.5142 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-07-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-04T23:47:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-04T20:47:54Z", "ms": -930712326418.9204 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-05T00:35:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-04T21:35:54Z", "ms": -930709446418.9204 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 16:36 on Wed 3 Jul to 15:49 on Thu 4 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-03T13:36:08Z → 1940-07-04T12:49:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:48–00:36 on the 3rd, 23:48–00:36 on the 4th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 25895 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 3 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1940 falls on Wednesday 3 July. Caturdaśī runs from 16:36 on Wed 3 Jul to 15:49 on Thu 4 Jul and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-07-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/rathayatra", "festival": "rathayatra", "name": "Rathayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-07", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 120, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1940-07-06T12:37:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-06T09:37:59Z", "ms": -930579721486.1221 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-07T10:28:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-07T07:28:25Z", "ms": -930501095211.1334 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-06T12:37:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-06T09:37:59Z", "ms": -930579721486.1221 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-07T10:28:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-07T07:28:25Z", "ms": -930501095211.1334 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-06T11:47:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-06T08:47:59Z", "ms": -930582721474.4348 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-06T12:35:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-06T09:35:59Z", "ms": -930579841474.4348 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-07-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-07T11:48:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-07T08:48:08Z", "ms": -930496311912.3992 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-07T12:36:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-07T09:36:08Z", "ms": -930493431912.3992 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 12:38 on Sat 6 Jul to 10:28 on Sun 7 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-06T09:37:59Z → 1940-07-07T07:28:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 6th, 11:48–12:36 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → second-day · margin 120 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rathayātrā, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 7 July.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rathayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Rathayatra (paraviddha, special when combined with naksatra 'Pusya')" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Puṣya nakṣatra; the nakṣatra is not tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-07", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rathayātrā 1940 falls on Sunday 7 July. Dvitīyā runs from 12:38 on Sat 6 Jul to 10:28 on Sun 7 Jul, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day. It is 2 min 00 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/rathayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-07-08", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13297, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-07-08T08:06:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-08T05:06:40Z", "ms": -930423199939.5675 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-09T05:39:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-09T02:39:42Z", "ms": -930345618304.3491 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-08T08:06:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-08T05:06:40Z", "ms": -930423199939.5675 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-09T05:39:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-09T02:39:42Z", "ms": -930345618304.3491 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-08T11:48:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-08T08:48:17Z", "ms": -930409902728.2422 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-08T12:36:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-08T09:36:17Z", "ms": -930407022728.2422 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-09T11:48:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-09T08:48:26Z", "ms": -930323493944.429 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-09T12:36:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-09T09:36:26Z", "ms": -930320613944.429 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:07 on Mon 8 Jul to 05:40 on Tue 9 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-08T05:06:40Z → 1940-07-09T02:39:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 8th, 11:48–12:36 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13297 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 8 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1940 falls on Monday 8 July. Caturthī runs from 08:07 on Mon 8 Jul to 05:40 on Tue 9 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-07-08", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/skanda-panchami", "festival": "skanda-panchami", "name": "Skanda Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22124, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1940-07-09T05:39:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-09T02:39:42Z", "ms": -930345618304.3491 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-10T03:13:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-10T00:13:16Z", "ms": -930268003690.1372 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-09T05:39:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-09T02:39:42Z", "ms": -930345618304.3491 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-10T03:13:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-10T00:13:16Z", "ms": -930268003690.1372 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-09T11:48:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-09T08:48:26Z", "ms": -930323493944.429 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-09T12:36:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-09T09:36:26Z", "ms": -930320613944.429 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-10T11:48:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-10T08:48:34Z", "ms": -930237085581.8977 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-10T12:36:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-10T09:36:34Z", "ms": -930234205581.8977 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 05:40 on Tue 9 Jul to 03:13 on Wed 10 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-09T02:39:42Z → 1940-07-10T00:13:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 9th, 11:49–12:37 on the 10th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 9th and 0 of 48 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22124 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Pañcamī, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 9 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Skanda pancami (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Skanda Pañcamī 1940 falls on Tuesday 9 July. Pañcamī runs from 05:40 on Tue 9 Jul to 03:13 on Wed 10 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/skanda-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vivasvat-saptami", "festival": "vivasvat-saptami", "name": "Vivasvat Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36095, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1940-07-11T00:51:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-10T21:51:48Z", "ms": -930190092327.6083 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-11T22:38:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-11T19:38:17Z", "ms": -930111702544.2214 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-11T00:51:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-10T21:51:48Z", "ms": -930190092327.6083 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-11T22:38:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-11T19:38:17Z", "ms": -930111702544.2214 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-10T11:48:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-10T08:48:34Z", "ms": -930237085581.8977 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-10T12:36:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-10T09:36:34Z", "ms": -930234205581.8977 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-07-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-11T11:48:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-11T08:48:42Z", "ms": -930150677659.7689 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-11T12:36:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-11T09:36:42Z", "ms": -930147797659.7689 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 00:52 on Thu 11 Jul to 22:38 on Thu 11 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-10T21:51:48Z → 1940-07-11T19:38:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 10th, 11:49–12:37 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 36095 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vivasvat Saptamī, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 11 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vivasvat-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Vivasvat saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vivasvat Saptamī 1940 falls on Thursday 11 July. Saptamī runs from 00:52 on Thu 11 Jul to 22:38 on Thu 11 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vivasvat-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-07-15", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37989, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-07-14T17:01:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-14T14:01:32Z", "ms": -929872707896.523 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-15T15:34:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-15T12:34:26Z", "ms": -929791534343.8108 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-14T17:01:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-14T14:01:32Z", "ms": -929872707896.523 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-15T15:34:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-15T12:34:26Z", "ms": -929791534343.8108 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-14T05:00:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-14T02:00:37Z", "ms": -929915962859.412 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-14T05:00:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-14T02:00:37Z", "ms": -929915962859.412 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-07-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-15T05:01:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-15T02:01:17Z", "ms": -929829523253.8271 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-15T05:01:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-15T02:01:17Z", "ms": -929829523253.8271 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:02 on Sun 14 Jul to 15:34 on Mon 15 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-14T14:01:32Z → 1940-07-15T12:34:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:01 on the 14th and 05:01 on the 15th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 14th and is on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37989 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hariśayanī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 15 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Hariśayanī Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Monday 15 July. Ekādaśī runs from 17:02 on Sun 14 Jul to 15:34 on Mon 15 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-07-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-07-16", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-16", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18101, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-07-16T14:22:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-16T11:22:52Z", "ms": -929709428353.5524 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-17T13:29:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-17T10:29:52Z", "ms": -929626207885.3296 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-16T14:22:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-16T11:22:52Z", "ms": -929709428353.5524 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-17T13:29:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-17T10:29:52Z", "ms": -929626207885.3296 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-16", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-16T19:24:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-16T16:24:33Z", "ms": -929691327444.5138 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-16T20:41:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-16T17:41:37Z", "ms": -929686702710.9996 } }, "covered_min": 77, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-07-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-17T19:24:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-17T16:24:02Z", "ms": -929604958474.0878 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-17T20:41:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-17T17:41:16Z", "ms": -929600324051.2526 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 14:23 on Tue 16 Jul to 13:30 on Wed 17 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-16T11:22:52Z → 1940-07-17T10:29:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:25–20:42 on the 16th, 19:24–20:41 on the 17th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 77 of 77 minutes on the 16th and 0 of 77 on the 17th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18101 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 16 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-16", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Tuesday 16 July. Trayodaśī runs from 14:23 on Tue 16 Jul to 13:30 on Wed 17 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-07-16", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/kokila-vrata", "festival": "kokila-vrata", "name": "Kokilā Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12730, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-07-18T12:59:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T09:59:17Z", "ms": -929541643337.495 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-19T12:55:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T09:55:17Z", "ms": -929455483201.3009 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-18T12:59:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T09:59:17Z", "ms": -929541643337.495 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-19T12:55:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T09:55:17Z", "ms": -929455483201.3009 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-18T16:31:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T13:31:27Z", "ms": -929528913020.0587 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-18T19:23:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T16:23:29Z", "ms": -929518591199.3674 } }, "covered_min": 172, "window_min": 172, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-19T16:31:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T13:31:08Z", "ms": -929442532091.9259 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-19T19:22:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T16:22:54Z", "ms": -929432225603.0515 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 172, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:59 on Thu 18 Jul to 12:55 on Fri 19 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-18T09:59:17Z → 1940-07-19T09:55:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:31–19:23 on the 18th, 16:31–19:23 on the 19th.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 172 of 172 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 172 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12730 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kokilā Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kokila-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kokilā Vrata 1940 falls on Thursday 18 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:59 on Thu 18 Jul to 12:55 on Fri 19 Jul and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/kokila-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shiva-shayanotsava", "festival": "shiva-shayanotsava", "name": "Śiva Śayanotsava", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23052, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-07-18T12:59:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T09:59:17Z", "ms": -929541643337.495 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-19T12:55:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T09:55:17Z", "ms": -929455483201.3009 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-18T12:59:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T09:59:17Z", "ms": -929541643337.495 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-19T12:55:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T09:55:17Z", "ms": -929455483201.3009 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-18T19:23:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T16:23:29Z", "ms": -929518591199.3674 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-18T20:40:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T17:40:53Z", "ms": -929513946779.1083 } }, "covered_min": 77, "window_min": 77, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-19T19:22:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T16:22:54Z", "ms": -929432225603.0515 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-19T20:40:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T17:40:29Z", "ms": -929427570883.6116 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 78, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:59 on Thu 18 Jul to 12:55 on Fri 19 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-18T09:59:17Z → 1940-07-19T09:55:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:23–20:41 on the 18th, 19:23–20:40 on the 19th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 77 of 77 minutes on the 18th and 0 of 78 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23052 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śiva Śayanotsava, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 18 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shiva-shayanotsava", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śiva Śayanotsava 1940 falls on Thursday 18 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:59 on Thu 18 Jul to 12:55 on Fri 19 Jul and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shiva-shayanotsava", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vyasa-puja", "festival": "vyasa-puja", "name": "Vyāsa Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17968, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-07-18T12:59:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T09:59:17Z", "ms": -929541643337.495 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-19T12:55:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T09:55:17Z", "ms": -929455483201.3009 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-18T12:59:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T09:59:17Z", "ms": -929541643337.495 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-19T12:55:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T09:55:17Z", "ms": -929455483201.3009 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-18T05:03:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T02:03:20Z", "ms": -929570200302.8239 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-18T07:55:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T04:55:22Z", "ms": -929559878482.1326 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 172, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-19T05:04:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T02:04:02Z", "ms": -929483758047.4235 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-19T07:55:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T04:55:48Z", "ms": -929473451558.5491 } }, "covered_min": 172, "window_min": 172, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:59 on Thu 18 Jul to 12:55 on Fri 19 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-18T09:59:17Z → 1940-07-19T09:55:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:03–07:55 on the 18th, 05:04–07:56 on the 19th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 172 minutes on the 18th and 172 of 172 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 17968 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vyāsa Pūjā, Mosul, 1940: Friday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vyasa-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vyāsa Pūjā 1940 falls on Friday 19 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:59 on Thu 18 Jul to 12:55 on Fri 19 Jul and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vyasa-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/guru-purnima", "festival": "guru-purnima", "name": "Guru Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1069, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-07-18T12:59:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T09:59:17Z", "ms": -929541643337.495 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-19T12:55:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T09:55:17Z", "ms": -929455483201.3009 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 3, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Āṣāḍha" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-18T12:59:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T09:59:17Z", "ms": -929541643337.495 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-19T12:55:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T09:55:17Z", "ms": -929455483201.3009 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-18T11:49:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T08:49:24Z", "ms": -929545835751.0957 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-18T12:37:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-18T09:37:24Z", "ms": -929542955751.0957 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-07-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-19T11:49:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T08:49:28Z", "ms": -929459431825.2375 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-19T12:37:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-19T09:37:28Z", "ms": -929456551825.2375 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 12:59 on Thu 18 Jul to 12:55 on Fri 19 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-18T09:59:17Z → 1940-07-19T09:55:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 18th, 11:49–12:37 on the 19th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 18th and 48 of 48 on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1069 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Guru Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1940: Friday 19 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "guru-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Guru purnima (paraviddha), Vyasa puja (paraviddha, 3 muhurtas after sunrise), Kokila vrata (sayahna vyapini). Siva sayanotsava (pradosavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Guru Pūrṇimā 1940 falls on Friday 19 July. Pūrṇimā runs from 12:59 on Thu 18 Jul to 12:55 on Fri 19 Jul and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/guru-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21944, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1940-07-20T13:21:43+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-20T10:21:43Z", "ms": -929367497305.1147 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-21T14:21:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-21T11:21:05Z", "ms": -929277535245.1075 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-20T13:21:43+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-20T10:21:43Z", "ms": -929367497305.1147 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-21T14:21:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-21T11:21:05Z", "ms": -929277535245.1075 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-20T19:51:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-20T16:51:01Z", "ms": -929344138870.6655 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-20T19:51:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-20T16:51:01Z", "ms": -929344138870.6655 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-07-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-21T20:26:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-21T17:26:49Z", "ms": -929255590906.4952 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-21T20:26:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-21T17:26:49Z", "ms": -929255590906.4952 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 13:22 on Sat 20 Jul to 14:21 on Sun 21 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-20T10:21:43Z → 1940-07-21T11:21:05Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:51 on the 20th and 20:27 on the 21st.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is on the 20th and is not on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 102" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21944 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha), Mosul, 1940: Saturday 20 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunya sayana vrata (candrodaya vyapini; purvahna vyapini and purvaviddha in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row reads pūrvāhṇa and pūrvaviddha; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata (Āṣāḍha) 1940 falls on Saturday 20 July. Dvitīyā runs from 13:22 on Sat 20 Jul to 14:21 on Sun 21 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ashunya-shayana-vrata-ashadha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-07-22", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12961, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-07-22T15:53:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-22T12:53:26Z", "ms": -929185594075.0354 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-23T17:55:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-23T14:55:17Z", "ms": -929091882874.2422 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-22T15:53:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-22T12:53:26Z", "ms": -929185594075.0354 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-23T17:55:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-23T14:55:17Z", "ms": -929091882874.2422 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-22T20:59:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-22T17:59:55Z", "ms": -929167205302.7269 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-22T20:59:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-22T17:59:55Z", "ms": -929167205302.7269 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-07-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-23T21:31:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-23T18:31:18Z", "ms": -929078921628.0422 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-23T21:31:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-23T18:31:18Z", "ms": -929078921628.0422 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:53 on Mon 22 Jul to 17:55 on Tue 23 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-22T12:53:26Z → 1940-07-23T14:55:17Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 21:00 on the 22nd and 21:31 on the 23rd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 22nd and is not on the 23rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12961 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 22 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1940 falls on Monday 22 July. Caturthī runs from 15:53 on Mon 22 Jul to 17:55 on Tue 23 Jul and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-07-22", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-07-31", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-07-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2713, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-07-30T05:57:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-30T02:57:32Z", "ms": -928530147692.9965 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-31T06:01:14+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-31T03:01:14Z", "ms": -928443526448.0923 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-07-30T05:57:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-30T02:57:32Z", "ms": -928530147692.9965 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-31T06:01:14+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-31T03:01:14Z", "ms": -928443526448.0923 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-30T05:12:19+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-30T02:12:19Z", "ms": -928532861097.0189 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-30T05:12:19+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-30T02:12:19Z", "ms": -928532861097.0189 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-31T05:13:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-31T02:13:06Z", "ms": -928446413748.2906 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-31T05:13:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-31T02:13:06Z", "ms": -928446413748.2906 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 05:58 on Tue 30 Jul to 06:01 on Wed 31 Jul.", "fact": "1940-07-30T02:57:32Z → 1940-07-31T03:01:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:12 on the 30th and 05:13 on the 31st.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 30th and is on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2713 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kāmikā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 31 July.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-07-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kāmikā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Wednesday 31 July. Ekādaśī runs from 05:58 on Tue 30 Jul to 06:01 on Wed 31 Jul and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-07-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-08-01", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 26110, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-01T05:16:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-01T02:16:50Z", "ms": -928359789969.4335 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-02T03:48:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-02T00:48:27Z", "ms": -928278693165.4877 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-01T05:16:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-01T02:16:50Z", "ms": -928359789969.4335 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-02T03:48:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-02T00:48:27Z", "ms": -928278693165.4877 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-07-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-07-31T19:13:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-31T16:13:58Z", "ms": -928395962173.1289 }, "end": { "local": "1940-07-31T20:33:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-07-31T17:33:57Z", "ms": -928391162704.7977 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-01T19:13:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-01T16:13:03Z", "ms": -928309616546.2697 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-01T20:33:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-01T17:33:17Z", "ms": -928304803455.0884 } }, "covered_min": 80, "window_min": 80, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 05:17 on Thu 1 Aug to 03:48 on Fri 2 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-01T02:16:50Z → 1940-08-02T00:48:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 19:14–20:34 on the 31st, 19:13–20:33 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 80 minutes on the 31st and 80 of 80 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 26110 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 1 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Thursday 1 August. Trayodaśī runs from 05:17 on Thu 1 Aug to 03:48 on Fri 2 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-08-01", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-08-02", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3910, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-02T03:48:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-02T00:48:27Z", "ms": -928278693165.4877 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-03T01:42:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-02T22:42:59Z", "ms": -928199820847.1398 }, "month": { "amanta": 3, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āṣāḍha", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-02T03:48:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-02T00:48:27Z", "ms": -928278693165.4877 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-03T01:42:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-02T22:42:59Z", "ms": -928199820847.1398 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-01T23:49:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-01T20:49:53Z", "ms": -928293007454.3396 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-02T00:37:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-01T21:37:53Z", "ms": -928290127454.3396 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-08-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-02T23:49:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-02T20:49:49Z", "ms": -928206611341.6101 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-03T00:37:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-02T21:37:49Z", "ms": -928203731341.6101 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 03:48 on Fri 2 Aug to 01:43 on Sat 3 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-02T00:48:27Z → 1940-08-02T22:42:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:50–00:38 on the 1st, 23:50–00:38 on the 2nd.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 48 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3910 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Friday 2 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1940 falls on Friday 2 August. Caturdaśī runs from 03:48 on Fri 2 Aug to 01:43 on Sat 3 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-08-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/madhusrava-tritiya", "festival": "madhusrava-tritiya", "name": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Hariyali Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5509, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1940-08-05T17:13:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-05T14:13:00Z", "ms": -927971220148.1292 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-06T14:08:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-06T11:08:52Z", "ms": -927895868058.1722 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-05T17:13:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-05T14:13:00Z", "ms": -927971220148.1292 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-06T14:08:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-06T11:08:52Z", "ms": -927895868058.1722 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-05T11:49:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-05T08:49:09Z", "ms": -927990650814.104 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-05T12:37:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-05T09:37:09Z", "ms": -927987770814.104 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-06T11:49:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-06T08:49:03Z", "ms": -927904257167.0565 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-06T12:37:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-06T09:37:03Z", "ms": -927901377167.0565 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 17:13 on Mon 5 Aug to 14:09 on Tue 6 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-05T14:13:00Z → 1940-08-06T11:08:52Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 5th, 11:49–12:37 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5509 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Madhusravā Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 6 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "madhusrava-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Madhusrava (Gujerat) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Madhusravā Tṛtīyā (Hariyali Teej) 1940 falls on Tuesday 6 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 17:13 on Mon 5 Aug to 14:09 on Tue 6 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/madhusrava-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/naga-panchami", "festival": "naga-panchami", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2260, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-07T11:11:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-07T08:11:16Z", "ms": -927820124131.7504 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-08T08:26:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-08T05:26:36Z", "ms": -927743603944.3138 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-07T11:11:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-07T08:11:16Z", "ms": -927820124131.7504 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-08T08:26:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-08T05:26:36Z", "ms": -927743603944.3138 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-07T11:48:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-07T08:48:56Z", "ms": -927817864118.8296 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-07T12:36:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-07T09:36:56Z", "ms": -927814984118.8296 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-08-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-08T11:48:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-08T08:48:48Z", "ms": -927731471668.7887 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-08T12:36:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-08T09:36:48Z", "ms": -927728591668.7887 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 11:11 on Wed 7 Aug to 08:27 on Thu 8 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-07T08:11:16Z → 1940-08-08T05:26:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 7th, 11:49–12:37 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 2260 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nāga Pañcamī 1940 falls on Wednesday 7 August. Pañcamī runs from 11:11 on Wed 7 Aug to 08:27 on Thu 8 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/naga-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-08-07", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2260, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-06T14:08:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-06T11:08:52Z", "ms": -927895868058.1722 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-07T11:11:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-07T08:11:16Z", "ms": -927820124131.7504 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-06T14:08:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-06T11:08:52Z", "ms": -927895868058.1722 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-07T11:11:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-07T08:11:16Z", "ms": -927820124131.7504 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-06T11:49:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-06T08:49:03Z", "ms": -927904257167.0565 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-06T12:37:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-06T09:37:03Z", "ms": -927901377167.0565 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-08-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-07T11:48:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-07T08:48:56Z", "ms": -927817864118.8296 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-07T12:36:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-07T09:36:56Z", "ms": -927814984118.8296 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 14:09 on Tue 6 Aug to 11:11 on Wed 7 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-06T11:08:52Z → 1940-08-07T08:11:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:49–12:37 on the 6th, 11:49–12:37 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 0 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: unstated → second-day · margin 2260 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 7 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1940 falls on Wednesday 7 August. Caturthī runs from 14:09 on Tue 6 Aug to 11:11 on Wed 7 Aug, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-08-07", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-08-13", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Putradā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19301, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-13T00:01:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-12T21:01:53Z", "ms": -927341886976.7434 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-13T23:34:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-13T20:34:06Z", "ms": -927257153584.7068 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-13T00:01:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-12T21:01:53Z", "ms": -927341886976.7434 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-13T23:34:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-13T20:34:06Z", "ms": -927257153584.7068 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-13T05:23:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-13T02:23:34Z", "ms": -927322586062.262 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-13T05:23:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-13T02:23:34Z", "ms": -927322586062.262 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-14T05:24:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-14T02:24:22Z", "ms": -927236137596.0603 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-14T05:24:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-14T02:24:22Z", "ms": -927236137596.0603 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 00:02 on Tue 13 Aug to 23:34 on Tue 13 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-12T21:01:53Z → 1940-08-13T20:34:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:24 on the 13th and 05:24 on the 14th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 13th and is not on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 19301 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Putradā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 13 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Putradā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Tuesday 13 August. Ekādaśī runs from 00:02 on Tue 13 Aug to 23:34 on Tue 13 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-08-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/damodara-dvadashi", "festival": "damodara-dvadashi", "name": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 39349, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-13T23:34:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-13T20:34:06Z", "ms": -927257153584.7068 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-14T23:31:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-14T20:31:40Z", "ms": -927170899810.2968 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-13T23:34:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-13T20:34:06Z", "ms": -927257153584.7068 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-14T23:31:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-14T20:31:40Z", "ms": -927170899810.2968 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-13T11:48:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-13T08:48:02Z", "ms": -927299518239.9343 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-13T12:36:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-13T09:36:02Z", "ms": -927296638239.9343 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-14T11:47:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-14T08:47:51Z", "ms": -927213129264.7227 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-14T12:35:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-14T09:35:51Z", "ms": -927210249264.7227 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 23:34 on Tue 13 Aug to 23:32 on Wed 14 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-13T20:34:06Z → 1940-08-14T20:31:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:48–12:36 on the 13th, 11:48–12:36 on the 14th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 39349 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dāmodara Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 14 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "damodara-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Buddha dvadasi, Damodara dvadasi (purvaviddha), Visnu-pavitraropana." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Dāmodara Dvādaśī 1940 falls on Wednesday 14 August. Dvādaśī runs from 23:34 on Tue 13 Aug to 23:32 on Wed 14 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/damodara-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-08-15", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 11334, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-14T23:31:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-14T20:31:40Z", "ms": -927170899810.2968 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-15T23:55:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-15T20:55:10Z", "ms": -927083090277.3319 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-14T23:31:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-14T20:31:40Z", "ms": -927170899810.2968 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-15T23:55:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-15T20:55:10Z", "ms": -927083090277.3319 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-14T18:59:19+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-14T15:59:19Z", "ms": -927187240933.3849 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-14T20:22:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-14T17:22:46Z", "ms": -927182234031.8663 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 83, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-08-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-15T18:58:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-15T15:58:08Z", "ms": -927100912498.7655 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-15T20:21:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-15T17:21:50Z", "ms": -927095889605.0688 } }, "covered_min": 84, "window_min": 84, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 23:32 on Wed 14 Aug to 23:55 on Thu 15 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-14T20:31:40Z → 1940-08-15T20:55:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:59–20:23 on the 14th, 18:58–20:22 on the 15th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 83 minutes on the 14th and 84 of 84 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 11334 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 15 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Thursday 15 August. Trayodaśī runs from 23:32 on Wed 14 Aug to 23:55 on Thu 15 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-08-15", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/raksha-bandhana", "festival": "raksha-bandhana", "name": "Rakṣā Bandhana", "everyday": "Rakhi", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12310, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-08-17T00:45:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-16T21:45:17Z", "ms": -926993682606.7828 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-18T02:02:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-17T23:02:26Z", "ms": -926902654037.2899 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "second-half", "start": { "local": "1940-08-17T13:20:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-17T10:20:29Z", "ms": -926948370528.8696 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-18T02:02:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-17T23:02:26Z", "ms": -926902654037.2899 } }, "kaala": "day", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-17T05:26:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-17T02:26:48Z", "ms": -926976792472.7719 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-18T05:27:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-18T02:27:36Z", "ms": -926890344205.5818 } }, "covered_min": 762, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-18T05:27:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-18T02:27:36Z", "ms": -926890344205.5818 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-19T05:28:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-19T02:28:24Z", "ms": -926803895996.8892 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 1441, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:45 on Sat 17 Aug to 02:02 on Sun 18 Aug. Its second half begins at 13:20 on Sat 17 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-16T21:45:17Z → 1940-08-17T23:02:26Z · second half from 1940-08-17T10:20:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise: from 05:27 on the 17th, and from 05:28 on the 18th.", "fact": "day: sunrise-to-sunrise · sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "The second half of Pūrṇimā must be present during the day. It covers 762 of 1441 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 1441 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12310 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rakṣā Bandhana, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "raksha-bandhana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "day", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated", "half": "second" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rakṣā Bandhana (Rakhi) 1940 falls on Saturday 17 August. The second half of Pūrṇimā runs from 13:20 on Sat 17 Aug to 02:02 on Sun 18 Aug and lies within that day, sunrise to sunrise.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/raksha-bandhana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/rishi-tarpana", "festival": "rishi-tarpana", "name": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-17", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 35075, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-08-17T00:45:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-16T21:45:17Z", "ms": -926993682606.7828 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-18T02:02:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-17T23:02:26Z", "ms": -926902654037.2899 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 4, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-17T00:45:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-16T21:45:17Z", "ms": -926993682606.7828 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-18T02:02:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-17T23:02:26Z", "ms": -926902654037.2899 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-17T11:47:14+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-17T08:47:14Z", "ms": -926953965563.4004 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-17T12:35:14+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-17T09:35:14Z", "ms": -926951085563.4004 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-18T11:47:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-18T08:47:01Z", "ms": -926867578693.5537 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-18T12:35:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-18T09:35:01Z", "ms": -926864698693.5537 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 00:45 on Sat 17 Aug to 02:02 on Sun 18 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-16T21:45:17Z → 1940-08-17T23:02:26Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 17th, 11:47–12:35 on the 18th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 17th and 0 of 48 on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 35075 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 17 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-tarpana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rakhi purnima, Naroli purnima (Cocoanut day), Raksa Bandhana (in the second half of purnima), Rsi tarpana (madhyahna vyapini), Hayagriva utpatti, Jhulanayatra samapana" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-17", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ṛṣi Tarpaṇa 1940 falls on Saturday 17 August. Pūrṇimā runs from 00:45 on Sat 17 Aug to 02:02 on Sun 18 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/rishi-tarpana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "festival": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "name": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 31531, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 16, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1940-08-19T03:45:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-19T00:45:57Z", "ms": -926810043215.2904 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-20T05:53:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-20T02:53:20Z", "ms": -926716000492.8105 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-19T03:45:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-19T00:45:57Z", "ms": -926810043215.2904 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-20T05:53:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-20T02:53:20Z", "ms": -926716000492.8105 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-18T19:00:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-18T16:00:26Z", "ms": -926841573852.3342 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-18T19:00:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-18T16:00:26Z", "ms": -926841573852.3342 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-08-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-19T19:32:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-19T16:32:30Z", "ms": -926753250007.5869 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-19T19:32:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-19T16:32:30Z", "ms": -926753250007.5869 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 03:46 on Mon 19 Aug to 05:53 on Tue 20 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-19T00:45:57Z → 1940-08-20T02:53:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:00 on the 18th and 19:32 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 18th and is on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 31531 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aśūnya Śayana Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Monday 19 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ashunya-shayana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 2 Asunyasayana vrata (Dvitiya current at moonrise; if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Aśūnya Śayana Vrata 1940 falls on Monday 19 August. Dvitīyā runs from 03:46 on Mon 19 Aug to 05:53 on Tue 20 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ashunya-shayana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/kajjali-tritiya", "festival": "kajjali-tritiya", "name": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā", "everyday": "Kajari Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12414, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 17, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1940-08-20T05:53:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-20T02:53:20Z", "ms": -926716000492.8105 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-21T08:19:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-21T05:19:25Z", "ms": -926620835005.1168 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-20T05:53:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-20T02:53:20Z", "ms": -926716000492.8105 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-21T08:19:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-21T05:19:25Z", "ms": -926620835005.1168 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-20T11:46:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-20T08:46:34Z", "ms": -926694806414.3276 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-20T12:34:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-20T09:34:34Z", "ms": -926691926414.3276 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-21T11:46:19+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-21T08:46:19Z", "ms": -926608420975.2112 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-21T12:34:19+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-21T09:34:19Z", "ms": -926605540975.2112 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 05:53 on Tue 20 Aug to 08:19 on Wed 21 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-20T02:53:20Z → 1940-08-21T05:19:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:47–12:35 on the 20th, 11:46–12:34 on the 21st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 20th and 0 of 48 on the 21st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 12414 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kajjalī Tṛtīyā, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 20 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kajjali-tritiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 3 Kajjali trtiya, (paraviddha), Angaveta trtiya (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kajjalī Tṛtīyā (Kajari Teej) 1940 falls on Tuesday 20 August. Tṛtīyā runs from 05:53 on Tue 20 Aug to 08:19 on Wed 21 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/kajjali-tritiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/bahula-chaturthi", "festival": "bahula-chaturthi", "name": "Bahulā Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18819, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-21T08:19:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-21T05:19:25Z", "ms": -926620835005.1168 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-22T10:55:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-22T07:55:58Z", "ms": -926525041778.053 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-21T08:19:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-21T05:19:25Z", "ms": -926620835005.1168 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-22T10:55:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-22T07:55:58Z", "ms": -926525041778.053 } }, "kaala": "sayahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-21T16:10:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-21T13:10:30Z", "ms": -926592569703.7776 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-21T18:50:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-21T15:50:38Z", "ms": -926582962189.4885 } }, "covered_min": 160, "window_min": 160, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-22T16:09:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-22T13:09:37Z", "ms": -926506222531.5598 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-22T18:49:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-22T15:49:20Z", "ms": -926496640230.649 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 160, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:19 on Wed 21 Aug to 10:56 on Thu 22 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-21T05:19:25Z → 1940-08-22T07:55:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sāyāhna is last 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 16:11–18:51 on the 21st, 16:10–18:49 on the 22nd.", "fact": "sayahna: day-muhurta-13-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during sāyāhna. It covers 160 of 160 minutes on the 21st and 0 of 160 on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one late afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18819 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bahulā Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bahula-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Bahula caturthi (Madhyadesa) (Sayahnavyapini: if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the 1st day)." } ], "kaala": "sayahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bahulā Caturthī 1940 falls on Wednesday 21 August. Caturthī runs from 08:19 on Wed 21 Aug to 10:56 on Thu 22 Aug and covers all of sāyāhna that late afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/bahula-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-08-21", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-21", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36599, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-21T08:19:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-21T05:19:25Z", "ms": -926620835005.1168 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-22T10:55:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-22T07:55:58Z", "ms": -926525041778.053 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-21T08:19:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-21T05:19:25Z", "ms": -926620835005.1168 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-22T10:55:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-22T07:55:58Z", "ms": -926525041778.053 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-21T20:34:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-21T17:34:22Z", "ms": -926576738317.5693 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-21T20:34:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-21T17:34:22Z", "ms": -926576738317.5693 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-08-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-22T21:05:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-22T18:05:57Z", "ms": -926488443114.2736 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-22T21:05:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-22T18:05:57Z", "ms": -926488443114.2736 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 08:19 on Wed 21 Aug to 10:56 on Thu 22 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-21T05:19:25Z → 1940-08-22T07:55:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:34 on the 21st and 21:06 on the 22nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 21st and is not on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36599 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 21 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-21", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1940 falls on Wednesday 21 August. Caturthī runs from 08:19 on Wed 21 Aug to 10:56 on Thu 22 Aug and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-08-21", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/hala-shashthi", "festival": "hala-shashthi", "name": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3481, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-23T13:31:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-23T10:31:49Z", "ms": -926429290656.1991 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-24T15:53:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-24T12:53:54Z", "ms": -926334365956.4448 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-23T13:31:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-23T10:31:49Z", "ms": -926429290656.1991 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-24T15:53:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-24T12:53:54Z", "ms": -926334365956.4448 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-23T11:45:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-23T08:45:49Z", "ms": -926435651422.1812 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-23T12:33:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-23T09:33:49Z", "ms": -926432771422.1812 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-24T11:45:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-24T08:45:33Z", "ms": -926349267277.6068 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-24T12:33:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-24T09:33:33Z", "ms": -926346387277.6068 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:32 on Fri 23 Aug to 15:54 on Sat 24 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-23T10:31:49Z → 1940-08-24T12:53:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 23rd, 11:46–12:34 on the 24th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 23rd and 48 of 48 on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 3481 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Hala Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 24 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "hala-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Hala sasthi (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-24", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Hala Ṣaṣṭhī 1940 falls on Saturday 24 August. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 13:32 on Fri 23 Aug to 15:54 on Sat 24 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/hala-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/janmashtami", "festival": "janmashtami", "name": "Janmāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16793, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-25T17:48:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-25T14:48:57Z", "ms": -926241063101.8833 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-26T19:05:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-26T16:05:31Z", "ms": -926150068945.8518 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-25T17:48:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-25T14:48:57Z", "ms": -926241063101.8833 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-26T19:05:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-26T16:05:31Z", "ms": -926150068945.8518 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-25T23:45:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-25T20:45:40Z", "ms": -926219659643.0895 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-26T00:33:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-25T21:33:40Z", "ms": -926216779643.0895 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-08-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-26T23:45:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-26T20:45:24Z", "ms": -926133276314.3103 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-27T00:33:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-26T21:33:24Z", "ms": -926130396314.3103 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 17:49 on Sun 25 Aug to 19:06 on Mon 26 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-25T14:48:57Z → 1940-08-26T16:05:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:46–00:34 on the 25th, 23:45–00:33 on the 26th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 25th and 0 of 48 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 16793 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Janmāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "janmashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Janmastami (madhyaratra-vyapini), if midnight is covered on two days, or not on any day, it is to be observed on the 2nd day; special when combined with naksatra 'Rohini' at midnight, more so when on Monday or Wednesday. If the combination occurs before midnight and 'Rohini' extends up to midnight, it is to be observed on that day. Gokulastami." } ], "not_evaluated": "The clauses on Rohiṇī nakṣatra, the Vaiṣṇava observance on the day after saptamī, and the Assam and South India reckoning in the solar month belong to other readings and are not applied.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Janmāṣṭamī 1940 falls on Sunday 25 August. Aṣṭamī runs from 17:49 on Sun 25 Aug to 19:06 on Mon 26 Aug and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/janmashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shitala-saptami", "festival": "shitala-saptami", "name": "Śītalā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12021, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 21, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-24T15:53:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-24T12:53:54Z", "ms": -926334365956.4448 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-25T17:48:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-25T14:48:57Z", "ms": -926241063101.8833 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-24T15:53:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-24T12:53:54Z", "ms": -926334365956.4448 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-25T17:48:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-25T14:48:57Z", "ms": -926241063101.8833 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-24T11:45:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-24T08:45:33Z", "ms": -926349267277.6068 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-24T12:33:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-24T09:33:33Z", "ms": -926346387277.6068 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-08-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-25T11:45:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-25T08:45:16Z", "ms": -926262883533.8008 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-25T12:33:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-25T09:33:16Z", "ms": -926260003533.8008 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 15:54 on Sat 24 Aug to 17:49 on Sun 25 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-24T12:53:54Z → 1940-08-25T14:48:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:46–12:34 on the 24th, 11:45–12:33 on the 25th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 24th and 48 of 48 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 12021 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śītalā Saptamī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 25 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shitala-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 7 Sitala saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śītalā Saptamī 1940 falls on Sunday 25 August. Saptamī runs from 15:54 on Sat 24 Aug to 17:49 on Sun 25 Aug and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shitala-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-08-29", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ajā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 37245, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-28T19:15:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-28T16:15:38Z", "ms": -925976661914.2415 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-29T18:06:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-29T15:06:12Z", "ms": -925894427589.9594 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-28T19:15:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-28T16:15:38Z", "ms": -925976661914.2415 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-29T18:06:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-29T15:06:12Z", "ms": -925894427589.9594 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-29T05:36:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-29T02:36:23Z", "ms": -925939417253.7675 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-29T05:36:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-29T02:36:23Z", "ms": -925939417253.7675 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-30T05:37:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-30T02:37:10Z", "ms": -925852969705.219 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-30T05:37:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-30T02:37:10Z", "ms": -925852969705.219 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 19:16 on Wed 28 Aug to 18:06 on Thu 29 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-28T16:15:38Z → 1940-08-29T15:06:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:36 on the 29th and 05:37 on the 30th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 29th and is not on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 37245 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ajā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 29 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ajā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Thursday 29 August. Ekādaśī runs from 19:16 on Wed 28 Aug to 18:06 on Thu 29 Aug and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-08-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-08-30", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8809, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-30T16:11:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-30T13:11:40Z", "ms": -925814900217.5679 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-31T13:39:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-31T10:39:00Z", "ms": -925737659823.8267 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-30T16:11:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-30T13:11:40Z", "ms": -925814900217.5679 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-31T13:39:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-31T10:39:00Z", "ms": -925737659823.8267 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-30T18:38:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-30T15:38:29Z", "ms": -925806090885.5681 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-30T20:06:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-30T17:06:25Z", "ms": -925800815062.7466 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-31T18:37:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-31T15:37:05Z", "ms": -925719775070.7352 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-31T20:05:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-31T17:05:18Z", "ms": -925714481698.9111 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 16:12 on Fri 30 Aug to 13:39 on Sat 31 Aug.", "fact": "1940-08-30T13:11:40Z → 1940-08-31T10:39:00Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:38–20:06 on the 30th, 18:37–20:05 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 30th and 0 of 88 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 8809 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Friday 30 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Friday 30 August. Trayodaśī runs from 16:12 on Fri 30 Aug to 13:39 on Sat 31 Aug and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-08-30", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/aghora-chaturdashi", "festival": "aghora-chaturdashi", "name": "Aghora Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17885, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-31T13:39:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-31T10:39:00Z", "ms": -925737659823.8267 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-01T10:36:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-01T07:36:56Z", "ms": -925662183903.5922 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-31T13:39:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-31T10:39:00Z", "ms": -925737659823.8267 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-01T10:36:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-01T07:36:56Z", "ms": -925662183903.5922 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-31T18:37:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-31T15:37:05Z", "ms": -925719775070.7352 }, "end": { "local": "1940-08-31T20:05:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-31T17:05:18Z", "ms": -925714481698.9111 } }, "covered_min": 88, "window_min": 88, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-01T18:35:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-01T15:35:40Z", "ms": -925633459798.8525 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-01T20:04:11+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-01T17:04:11Z", "ms": -925628148813.5592 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 89, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:39 on Sat 31 Aug to 10:37 on Sun 1 Sep.", "fact": "1940-08-31T10:39:00Z → 1940-09-01T07:36:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:37–20:05 on the 31st, 18:36–20:04 on the 1st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 88 of 88 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 89 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17885 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Aghora Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "aghora-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Aghora caturdasi (pradosa vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Aghora Caturdaśī 1940 falls on Saturday 31 August. Caturdaśī runs from 13:39 on Sat 31 Aug to 10:37 on Sun 1 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/aghora-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-08-31", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-08-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36295, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-08-31T13:39:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-31T10:39:00Z", "ms": -925737659823.8267 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-01T10:36:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-01T07:36:56Z", "ms": -925662183903.5922 }, "month": { "amanta": 4, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Śrāvaṇa", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-08-31T13:39:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-31T10:39:00Z", "ms": -925737659823.8267 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-01T10:36:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-01T07:36:56Z", "ms": -925662183903.5922 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-08-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-08-31T23:43:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-31T20:43:55Z", "ms": -925701364926.395 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-01T00:31:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-08-31T21:31:55Z", "ms": -925698484926.395 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-09-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-01T23:43:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-01T20:43:36Z", "ms": -925614983604.0026 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-02T00:31:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-01T21:31:36Z", "ms": -925612103604.0026 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:39 on Sat 31 Aug to 10:37 on Sun 1 Sep.", "fact": "1940-08-31T10:39:00Z → 1940-09-01T07:36:56Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:44–00:32 on the 31st, 23:44–00:32 on the 1st.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 36295 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 31 August.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-08-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1940 falls on Saturday 31 August. Caturdaśī runs from 13:39 on Sat 31 Aug to 10:37 on Sun 1 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-08-31", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/rudra-vrata", "festival": "rudra-vrata", "name": "Rudra Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 16070, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1940-09-02T07:15:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-02T04:15:03Z", "ms": -925587896624.8325 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-03T03:43:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-03T00:43:13Z", "ms": -925514206529.8547 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-02T07:15:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-02T04:15:03Z", "ms": -925587896624.8325 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-03T03:43:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-03T00:43:13Z", "ms": -925514206529.8547 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-02T11:42:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-02T08:42:54Z", "ms": -925571826227.116 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-02T12:30:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-02T09:30:54Z", "ms": -925568946227.116 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-03T11:42:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-03T08:42:35Z", "ms": -925485445440.8574 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-03T12:30:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-03T09:30:35Z", "ms": -925482565440.8574 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 07:15 on Mon 2 Sep to 03:43 on Tue 3 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-02T04:15:03Z → 1940-09-03T00:43:13Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 2nd, 11:43–12:31 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 16070 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rudra Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Monday 2 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rudra-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Rudra vrata (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rudra Vrata 1940 falls on Monday 2 September. Pratipadā runs from 07:15 on Mon 2 Sep to 03:43 on Tue 3 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/rudra-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/haritalika-vrata", "festival": "haritalika-vrata", "name": "Haritālikā Vrata", "everyday": "Hartalika Teej", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29849, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 2, "key": "tritiya", "name": "Tṛtīyā", "start": { "local": "1940-09-04T00:11:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-03T21:11:05Z", "ms": -925440534530.6892 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-04T20:47:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-04T17:47:44Z", "ms": -925366335510.8447 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-04T00:11:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-03T21:11:05Z", "ms": -925440534530.6892 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-04T20:47:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-04T17:47:44Z", "ms": -925366335510.8447 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-03T11:42:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-03T08:42:35Z", "ms": -925485445440.8574 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-03T12:30:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-03T09:30:35Z", "ms": -925482565440.8574 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-04T11:42:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-04T08:42:15Z", "ms": -925399064919.6948 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-04T12:30:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-04T09:30:15Z", "ms": -925396184919.6948 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Tṛtīyā runs from 00:11 on Wed 4 Sep to 20:48 on Wed 4 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-03T21:11:05Z → 1940-09-04T17:47:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:43–12:31 on the 3rd, 11:42–12:30 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Tṛtīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 48 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29849 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Haritālikā Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 4 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "haritalika-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 3 Haritalika vrata (paraviddha), Gauri vrata (Orissa), Gauri (Mysore)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Haritālikā Vrata (Hartalika Teej) 1940 falls on Wednesday 4 September. Tṛtīyā runs from 00:11 on Wed 4 Sep to 20:48 on Wed 4 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/haritalika-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ganesha-chaturthi", "festival": "ganesha-chaturthi", "name": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18688, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-04T20:47:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-04T17:47:44Z", "ms": -925366335510.8447 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-05T17:41:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-05T14:41:23Z", "ms": -925291116636.0511 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-04T20:47:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-04T17:47:44Z", "ms": -925366335510.8447 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-05T17:41:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-05T14:41:23Z", "ms": -925291116636.0511 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-04T11:42:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-04T08:42:15Z", "ms": -925399064919.6948 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-04T12:30:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-04T09:30:15Z", "ms": -925396184919.6948 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-05T11:41:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-05T08:41:55Z", "ms": -925312684650.8425 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-05T12:29:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-05T09:29:55Z", "ms": -925309804650.8425 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 20:48 on Wed 4 Sep to 17:41 on Thu 5 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-04T17:47:44Z → 1940-09-05T14:41:23Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 4th, 11:42–12:30 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 48 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 18688 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gaṇeśa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 5 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ganesha-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Varada caturthi (purvaviddha, madhyahnavyapini), Samvatsari parva (Jain-caturthi paksa), Saubhagya caturthi (Bengal), Ganesa caturthi (madhyahna vyapini and purvaviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gaṇeśa Caturthī 1940 falls on Thursday 5 September. Caturthī runs from 20:48 on Wed 4 Sep to 17:41 on Thu 5 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ganesha-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/rishi-panchami", "festival": "rishi-panchami", "name": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-06", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 8970, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-05T17:41:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-05T14:41:23Z", "ms": -925291116636.0511 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-06T14:59:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-06T11:59:06Z", "ms": -925214454295.4698 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-05T17:41:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-05T14:41:23Z", "ms": -925291116636.0511 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-06T14:59:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-06T11:59:06Z", "ms": -925214454295.4698 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-05T11:41:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-05T08:41:55Z", "ms": -925312684650.8425 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-05T12:29:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-05T09:29:55Z", "ms": -925309804650.8425 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-06T11:41:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-06T08:41:35Z", "ms": -925226304620.3226 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-06T12:29:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-06T09:29:35Z", "ms": -925223424620.3226 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 17:41 on Thu 5 Sep to 14:59 on Fri 6 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-05T14:41:23Z → 1940-09-06T11:59:06Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 5th, 11:42–12:30 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 48 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: disputed → only-day · margin 8970 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ṛṣi Pañcamī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 6 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rishi-panchami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Rsi pancami (madhyahnavyapini) — If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed according to Madhava on the 1st day and according to Hemadri and Divodasa on the 2nd day" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "disputed", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-06", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ṛṣi Pañcamī 1940 falls on Friday 6 September. Pañcamī runs from 17:41 on Thu 5 Sep to 14:59 on Fri 6 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/rishi-panchami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "festival": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1035, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-06T14:59:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-06T11:59:06Z", "ms": -925214454295.4698 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-07T12:46:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-07T09:46:30Z", "ms": -925136009903.2672 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-06T14:59:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-06T11:59:06Z", "ms": -925214454295.4698 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-07T12:46:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-07T09:46:30Z", "ms": -925136009903.2672 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-06T11:41:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-06T08:41:35Z", "ms": -925226304620.3226 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-06T12:29:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-06T09:29:35Z", "ms": -925223424620.3226 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-07T11:41:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-07T08:41:15Z", "ms": -925139924812.7708 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-07T12:29:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-07T09:29:15Z", "ms": -925137044812.7708 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:59 on Fri 6 Sep to 12:47 on Sat 7 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-06T11:59:06Z → 1940-09-07T09:46:30Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:42–12:30 on the 6th, 11:41–12:29 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1035 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada), Mosul, 1940: Saturday 7 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Surya sasthi (paraviddha), Lolarka sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Bhādrapada) 1940 falls on Saturday 7 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 14:59 on Fri 6 Sep to 12:47 on Sat 7 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/surya-shashthi-bhadrapada", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/muktabharana-vrata", "festival": "muktabharana-vrata", "name": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1035, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-07T12:46:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-07T09:46:30Z", "ms": -925136009903.2672 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-08T11:07:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-08T08:07:37Z", "ms": -925055542983.7491 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-07T12:46:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-07T09:46:30Z", "ms": -925136009903.2672 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-08T11:07:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-08T08:07:37Z", "ms": -925055542983.7491 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-07T11:41:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-07T08:41:15Z", "ms": -925139924812.7708 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-07T12:29:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-07T09:29:15Z", "ms": -925137044812.7708 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-08T11:40:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-08T08:40:55Z", "ms": -925053545211.4192 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-08T12:28:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-08T09:28:55Z", "ms": -925050665211.4192 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "second-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 12:47 on Sat 7 Sep to 11:08 on Sun 8 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-07T09:46:30Z → 1940-09-08T08:07:37Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 7th, 11:41–12:29 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither midday qualifies. The rule takes the second day.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → second-day · margin 1035 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Muktābharaṇa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "muktabharana-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Muktabharana vrata (purvaviddha), Lalita saptami (Bengal & Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Muktābharaṇa Vrata 1940 falls on Sunday 8 September. Saptamī runs from 12:47 on Sat 7 Sep to 11:08 on Sun 8 Sep, and reaches madhyāhna on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/muktabharana-vrata", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/radhashtami", "festival": "radhashtami", "name": "Rādhāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1998, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-08T11:07:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-08T08:07:37Z", "ms": -925055542983.7491 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-09T10:04:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-09T07:04:41Z", "ms": -924972918609.1876 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-08T11:07:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-08T08:07:37Z", "ms": -925055542983.7491 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-09T10:04:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-09T07:04:41Z", "ms": -924972918609.1876 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-08T11:40:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-08T08:40:55Z", "ms": -925053545211.4192 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-08T12:28:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-08T09:28:55Z", "ms": -925050665211.4192 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-09-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-09T11:40:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-09T08:40:34Z", "ms": -924967165798.1973 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-09T12:28:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-09T09:28:34Z", "ms": -924964285798.1973 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:08 on Sun 8 Sep to 10:05 on Mon 9 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-08T08:07:37Z → 1940-09-09T07:04:41Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:41–12:29 on the 8th, 11:41–12:29 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 0 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 1998 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rādhāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 8 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "radhashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Durvastami (purvaviddha — S 8 of saura Bhadra except Bengal), Mahalaksmi vratarambha, Radhastami (madhyahna vyapini)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rādhāṣṭamī 1940 falls on Sunday 8 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:08 on Sun 8 Sep to 10:05 on Mon 9 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/radhashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-09-12", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 14436, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-11T09:47:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-11T06:47:12Z", "ms": -924801167652.0562 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-12T10:29:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-12T07:29:22Z", "ms": -924712238386.1932 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-11T09:47:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-11T06:47:12Z", "ms": -924801167652.0562 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-12T10:29:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-12T07:29:22Z", "ms": -924712238386.1932 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-11T05:46:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-11T02:46:36Z", "ms": -924815603522.583 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-11T05:46:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-11T02:46:36Z", "ms": -924815603522.583 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-12T05:47:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-12T02:47:23Z", "ms": -924729156597.0071 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-12T05:47:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-12T02:47:23Z", "ms": -924729156597.0071 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 09:47 on Wed 11 Sep to 10:29 on Thu 12 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-11T06:47:12Z → 1940-09-12T07:29:22Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:47 on the 11th and 05:47 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 11th and is on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 14436 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Parivartanī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 12 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Parivartanī Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Thursday 12 September. Ekādaśī runs from 09:47 on Wed 11 Sep to 10:29 on Thu 12 Sep and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-09-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vamana-jayanti", "festival": "vamana-jayanti", "name": "Vāmana Jayantī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-12", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 146, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-12T10:29:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-12T07:29:22Z", "ms": -924712238386.1932 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-13T11:41:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-13T08:41:36Z", "ms": -924621503618.6597 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-12T10:29:22+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-12T07:29:22Z", "ms": -924712238386.1932 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-13T11:41:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-13T08:41:36Z", "ms": -924621503618.6597 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-12T11:39:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-12T08:39:32Z", "ms": -924708028490.5165 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-12T12:27:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-12T09:27:32Z", "ms": -924705148490.5165 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-13T11:39:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-13T08:39:10Z", "ms": -924621649628.7991 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-13T12:27:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-13T09:27:10Z", "ms": -924618769628.7991 } }, "covered_min": 2, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 10:29 on Thu 12 Sep to 11:42 on Fri 13 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-12T07:29:22Z → 1940-09-13T08:41:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:40–12:28 on the 12th, 11:39–12:27 on the 13th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 12th and 2 of 48 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 146 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vāmana Jayantī, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 12 September.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vamana-jayanti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Visnuparivartanotsava, Sakrotthana (in any of the naksatras U. Asadha, Sravana & Dhanistha), Kalki dvadasi, Sravana dvadasi (when combined with naksatra Sravana), Vamana jayanti (madhyahna vyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vāmana Jayantī 1940 falls on Thursday 12 September. Dvādaśī runs from 10:29 on Thu 12 Sep to 11:42 on Fri 13 Sep and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the next midday for 2 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested. It is 2 min 26 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vamana-jayanti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-09-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 17781, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-13T11:41:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-13T08:41:36Z", "ms": -924621503618.6597 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-14T13:20:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-14T10:20:20Z", "ms": -924529180131.7549 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-13T11:41:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-13T08:41:36Z", "ms": -924621503618.6597 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-14T13:20:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-14T10:20:20Z", "ms": -924529180131.7549 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-13T18:18:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-13T15:18:10Z", "ms": -924597709588.5974 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-13T19:50:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-13T16:50:17Z", "ms": -924592183340.1301 } }, "covered_min": 92, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-14T18:16:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-14T15:16:41Z", "ms": -924511398977.0248 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-14T19:49:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-14T16:49:05Z", "ms": -924505854546.8958 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 92, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:42 on Fri 13 Sep to 13:20 on Sat 14 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-13T08:41:36Z → 1940-09-14T10:20:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:18–19:50 on the 13th, 18:17–19:49 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 92 of 92 minutes on the 13th and 0 of 92 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 17781 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Friday 13 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Friday 13 September. Trayodaśī runs from 11:42 on Fri 13 Sep to 13:20 on Sat 14 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-09-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ananta-chaturdashi", "festival": "ananta-chaturdashi", "name": "Ananta Caturdaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-15", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18110, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 13, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-14T13:20:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-14T10:20:20Z", "ms": -924529180131.7549 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-15T15:21:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-15T12:21:32Z", "ms": -924435508177.501 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 5, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Bhādrapada" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-14T13:20:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-14T10:20:20Z", "ms": -924529180131.7549 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-15T15:21:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-15T12:21:32Z", "ms": -924435508177.501 } }, "kaala": "udaya-3", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-14T05:48:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-14T02:48:57Z", "ms": -924556262725.093 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-14T08:18:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-14T05:18:30Z", "ms": -924547289975.4794 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 150, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-09-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-15T05:49:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-15T02:49:44Z", "ms": -924469815751.0575 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-15T08:18:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-15T05:18:50Z", "ms": -924460870304.4396 } }, "covered_min": 149, "window_min": 149, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 13:20 on Sat 14 Sep to 15:22 on Sun 15 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-14T10:20:20Z → 1940-09-15T12:21:32Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first three muhūrtas after sunrise is first 3 of 15 day muhūrtas: 05:49–08:19 on the 14th, 05:50–08:19 on the 15th.", "fact": "udaya-3: day-muhurta-1-3 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must hold through the first three muhūrtas after sunrise. It covers 0 of 150 minutes on the 14th and 149 of 149 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 18110 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ananta Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 15 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ananta-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 14 Ananta caturdasi (covering three muhurtas from sunrise, but one muhurta in Bengal)." } ], "not_evaluated": "In Bengal the row asks for one muhūrta from sunrise; that reading is not applied.", "kaala": "udaya-3", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-15", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ananta Caturdaśī 1940 falls on Sunday 15 September. Caturdaśī runs from 13:20 on Sat 14 Sep to 15:22 on Sun 15 Sep and covers all of the first three muhūrtas after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ananta-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-09-20", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-20", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20847, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-20T01:27:47+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-19T22:27:47Z", "ms": -924053532663.229 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-21T03:54:14+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-21T00:54:14Z", "ms": -923958345890.5568 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-20T01:27:47+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-19T22:27:47Z", "ms": -924053532663.229 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-21T03:54:14+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-21T00:54:14Z", "ms": -923958345890.5568 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-19T19:40:21+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-19T16:40:21Z", "ms": -924074379206.0198 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-19T19:40:21+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-19T16:40:21Z", "ms": -924074379206.0198 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-09-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-20T20:15:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-20T17:15:07Z", "ms": -923985892785.5144 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-20T20:15:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-20T17:15:07Z", "ms": -923985892785.5144 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 01:28 on Fri 20 Sep to 03:54 on Sat 21 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-19T22:27:47Z → 1940-09-21T00:54:14Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:40 on the 19th and 20:15 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 19th and is on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20847 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 20 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-20", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1940 falls on Friday 20 September. Caturthī runs from 01:28 on Fri 20 Sep to 03:54 on Sat 21 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-09-20", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/chandra-shashthi", "festival": "chandra-shashthi", "name": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-22", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32850, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 20, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-22T06:00:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-22T03:00:24Z", "ms": -923864376206.1499 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-23T07:36:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-23T04:36:34Z", "ms": -923772206204.3136 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-22T06:00:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-22T03:00:24Z", "ms": -923864376206.1499 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-23T07:36:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-23T04:36:34Z", "ms": -923772206204.3136 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-21", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-21T20:52:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-21T17:52:54Z", "ms": -923897226258.6244 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-21T20:52:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-21T17:52:54Z", "ms": -923897226258.6244 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-09-22", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-22T21:34:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-22T18:34:30Z", "ms": -923808330296.8953 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-22T21:34:30+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-22T18:34:30Z", "ms": -923808330296.8953 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:00 on Sun 22 Sep to 07:37 on Mon 23 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-22T03:00:24Z → 1940-09-23T04:36:34Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 20:53 on the 21st and 21:34 on the 22nd.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 21st and is on the 22nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32850 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Candra Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 22 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "chandra-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 6 Candra sasthi (Sasthi current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-22", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Candra Ṣaṣṭhī 1940 falls on Sunday 22 September. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 06:00 on Sun 22 Sep to 07:37 on Mon 23 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/chandra-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/jitashtami", "festival": "jitashtami", "name": "Jitāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Jitiya", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33150, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-24T08:34:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-24T05:34:20Z", "ms": -923682339660.1392 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-25T08:47:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-25T05:47:44Z", "ms": -923595135923.4653 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-24T08:34:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-24T05:34:20Z", "ms": -923682339660.1392 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-25T08:47:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-25T05:47:44Z", "ms": -923595135923.4653 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-24T18:01:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-24T15:01:44Z", "ms": -923648296176.1434 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-24T19:37:11+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-24T16:37:11Z", "ms": -923642568826.3221 } }, "covered_min": 95, "window_min": 95, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-09-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-25T18:00:14+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-25T15:00:14Z", "ms": -923561985550.5979 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-25T19:36:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-25T16:36:00Z", "ms": -923556239846.0209 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 96, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 08:34 on Tue 24 Sep to 08:48 on Wed 25 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-24T05:34:20Z → 1940-09-25T05:47:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 18:02–19:37 on the 24th, 18:00–19:36 on the 25th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 95 of 95 minutes on the 24th and 0 of 96 on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33150 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Jitāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "jitashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Jitāṣṭamī (Jitiya) 1940 falls on Tuesday 24 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 08:34 on Tue 24 Sep to 08:48 on Wed 25 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/jitashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "festival": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "name": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-24", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 34564, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-24T08:34:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-24T05:34:20Z", "ms": -923682339660.1392 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-25T08:47:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-25T05:47:44Z", "ms": -923595135923.4653 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-24T08:34:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-24T05:34:20Z", "ms": -923682339660.1392 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-25T08:47:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-25T05:47:44Z", "ms": -923595135923.4653 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-23T22:20:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-23T19:20:37Z", "ms": -923719163357.418 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-23T22:20:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-23T19:20:37Z", "ms": -923719163357.418 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-09-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-24T23:11:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-24T20:11:40Z", "ms": -923629699600.5785 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-24T23:11:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-24T20:11:40Z", "ms": -923629699600.5785 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 08:34 on Tue 24 Sep to 08:48 on Wed 25 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-24T05:34:20Z → 1940-09-25T05:47:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:21 on the 23rd and 23:12 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 23rd and is on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 34564 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 24 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Mahalaksmi vrata samapana (current at moonrise), Jitastami (pradosa), Jimutavahana puja" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-24", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahālakṣmī Vrata Samāpana 1940 falls on Tuesday 24 September. Aṣṭamī runs from 08:34 on Tue 24 Sep to 08:48 on Wed 25 Sep and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/mahalakshmi-vrata-samapana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-09-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Indirā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3237, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-27T06:53:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-27T03:53:12Z", "ms": -923429207632.5717 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-28T04:49:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-28T01:49:10Z", "ms": -923350249552.3756 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-27T06:53:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-27T03:53:12Z", "ms": -923429207632.5717 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-28T04:49:10+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-28T01:49:10Z", "ms": -923350249552.3756 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-27T05:59:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-27T02:59:16Z", "ms": -923432444279.6282 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-27T05:59:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-27T02:59:16Z", "ms": -923432444279.6282 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-28T06:00:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-28T03:00:04Z", "ms": -923345995582.481 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-28T06:00:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-28T03:00:04Z", "ms": -923345995582.481 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 06:53 on Fri 27 Sep to 04:49 on Sat 28 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-27T03:53:12Z → 1940-09-28T01:49:10Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 05:59 on the 27th and 06:00 on the 28th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 27th and is not on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither sunrise qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → tithi-day · margin 3237 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Indirā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 27 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Indirā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Friday 27 September. Ekādaśī runs from 06:53 on Fri 27 Sep to 04:49 on Sat 28 Sep, and is current at sunrise on neither day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-09-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-09-29", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12310, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-29T02:07:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-28T23:07:42Z", "ms": -923273538282.8866 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-29T22:56:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-29T19:56:29Z", "ms": -923198611423.274 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-29T02:07:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-28T23:07:42Z", "ms": -923273538282.8866 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-29T22:56:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-29T19:56:29Z", "ms": -923198611423.274 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-28T17:55:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-28T14:55:48Z", "ms": -923303052453.0952 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-28T19:32:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-28T16:32:28Z", "ms": -923297251681.4972 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-29T17:54:19+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-29T14:54:19Z", "ms": -923216740918.8612 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-29T19:31:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-29T16:31:18Z", "ms": -923210921799.4352 } }, "covered_min": 97, "window_min": 97, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 02:08 on Sun 29 Sep to 22:56 on Sun 29 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-28T23:07:42Z → 1940-09-29T19:56:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:56–19:32 on the 28th, 17:54–19:31 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 97 minutes on the 28th and 97 of 97 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12310 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Sunday 29 September. Trayodaśī runs from 02:08 on Sun 29 Sep to 22:56 on Sun 29 Sep and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-09-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-09-29", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-09-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2252, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-09-29T22:56:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-29T19:56:29Z", "ms": -923198611423.274 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-30T19:24:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-30T16:24:24Z", "ms": -923124935505.9946 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-29T22:56:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-29T19:56:29Z", "ms": -923198611423.274 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-30T19:24:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-30T16:24:24Z", "ms": -923124935505.9946 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-29T23:34:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-29T20:34:01Z", "ms": -923196359221.0134 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-30T00:22:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-29T21:22:01Z", "ms": -923193479221.0134 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-30T23:33:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-30T20:33:41Z", "ms": -923109978618.1453 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-01T00:21:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-30T21:21:41Z", "ms": -923107098618.1453 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 22:56 on Sun 29 Sep to 19:24 on Mon 30 Sep.", "fact": "1940-09-29T19:56:29Z → 1940-09-30T16:24:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:34–00:22 on the 29th, 23:34–00:22 on the 30th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2252 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 29 September.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-09-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1940 falls on Sunday 29 September. Caturdaśī runs from 22:56 on Sun 29 Sep to 19:24 on Mon 30 Sep and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-09-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/mahalaya-amavasya", "festival": "mahalaya-amavasya", "name": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā", "everyday": "Sarvapitṛ Amāvāsyā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 687, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1940-09-30T19:24:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-30T16:24:24Z", "ms": -923124935505.9946 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-01T15:41:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-01T12:41:04Z", "ms": -923051935855.2948 }, "month": { "amanta": 5, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Bhādrapada", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-09-30T19:24:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-30T16:24:24Z", "ms": -923124935505.9946 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-01T15:41:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-01T12:41:04Z", "ms": -923051935855.2948 } }, "kaala": "aparahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-09-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-09-30T13:08:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-30T10:08:24Z", "ms": -923147496462.511 }, "end": { "local": "1940-09-30T15:30:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-09-30T12:30:37Z", "ms": -923138962775.6261 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-01T13:07:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-01T10:07:51Z", "ms": -923061129421.311 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-01T15:29:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-01T12:29:37Z", "ms": -923052623179.2316 } }, "covered_min": 142, "window_min": 142, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 19:24 on Mon 30 Sep to 15:41 on Tue 1 Oct.", "fact": "1940-09-30T16:24:24Z → 1940-10-01T12:41:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aparāhṇa is 10th to 12th of 15 day muhūrtas: 13:08–15:31 on the 30th, 13:08–15:30 on the 1st.", "fact": "aparahna: day-muhurta-10-12 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during aparāhṇa. It covers 0 of 142 minutes on the 30th and 142 of 142 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 103" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one afternoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 687 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahālaya Amāvāsyā, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 1 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahalaya-amavasya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Mahalaya amavasya (aparahnavyapini)" } ], "not_evaluated": "The note on p. 106 gives the first day in a decreasing tithimāna and the second in an increasing one, when amāvāsyā covers the whole of aparāhṇa on both days; tithimāna is not computed.", "kaala": "aparahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahālaya Amāvāsyā 1940 falls on Tuesday 1 October. Amāvasyā runs from 19:24 on Mon 30 Sep to 15:41 on Tue 1 Oct and covers all of aparāhṇa that afternoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/mahalaya-amavasya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/navaratra-arambha", "festival": "navaratra-arambha", "name": "Navarātrārambha", "everyday": "Navratri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1422, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1940-10-01T15:41:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-01T12:41:04Z", "ms": -923051935855.2948 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-02T11:56:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-02T08:56:20Z", "ms": -922979019812.56 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-01T15:41:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-01T12:41:04Z", "ms": -923051935855.2948 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-02T11:56:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-02T08:56:20Z", "ms": -922979019812.56 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-01T11:32:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-01T08:32:57Z", "ms": -923066822542.3507 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-01T12:20:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-01T09:20:57Z", "ms": -923063942542.3507 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-02T11:32:39+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-02T08:32:39Z", "ms": -922980441486.5667 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-02T12:20:39+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-02T09:20:39Z", "ms": -922977561486.5667 } }, "covered_min": 24, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 15:41 on Tue 1 Oct to 11:56 on Wed 2 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-01T12:41:04Z → 1940-10-02T08:56:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 1st, 11:33–12:21 on the 2nd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 1st and 24 of 48 on the 2nd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 1422 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Navarātrārambha, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 2 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "navaratra-arambha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Navaratrarambha (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Navarātrārambha (Navratri) 1940 falls on Wednesday 2 October. Pratipadā runs from 15:41 on Tue 1 Oct to 11:56 on Wed 2 Oct and covers 24 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/navaratra-arambha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-10-04", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 23413, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-04T05:01:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-04T02:01:49Z", "ms": -922831091374.9779 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-05T02:10:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-04T23:10:25Z", "ms": -922754974538.6439 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-04T05:01:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-04T02:01:49Z", "ms": -922831091374.9779 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-05T02:10:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-04T23:10:25Z", "ms": -922754974538.6439 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-04T11:32:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-04T08:32:02Z", "ms": -922807678438.5781 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-04T12:20:02+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-04T09:20:02Z", "ms": -922804798438.5781 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-10-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-05T11:31:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-05T08:31:44Z", "ms": -922721296415.1893 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-05T12:19:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-05T09:19:44Z", "ms": -922718416415.1893 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 05:02 on Fri 4 Oct to 02:10 on Sat 5 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-04T02:01:49Z → 1940-10-04T23:10:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:32–12:20 on the 4th, 11:32–12:20 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 23413 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 4 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1940 falls on Friday 4 October. Caturthī runs from 05:02 on Fri 4 Oct to 02:10 on Sat 5 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-10-04", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/durga-saptami", "festival": "durga-saptami", "name": "Durgā Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-07", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 28191, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-06T22:17:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-06T19:17:42Z", "ms": -922596137620.3798 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-07T21:26:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-07T18:26:27Z", "ms": -922512813066.0265 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-06T22:17:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-06T19:17:42Z", "ms": -922596137620.3798 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-07T21:26:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-07T18:26:27Z", "ms": -922512813066.0265 } }, "kaala": "udaya-1", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-07T06:07:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-07T03:07:33Z", "ms": -922567946734.7433 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-07T06:53:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-07T03:53:54Z", "ms": -922565166008.0709 } }, "covered_min": 46, "window_min": 46, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-08T06:08:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-08T03:08:24Z", "ms": -922481495588.086 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-08T06:54:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-08T03:54:36Z", "ms": -922478723928.4227 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 46, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 22:18 on Sun 6 Oct to 21:26 on Mon 7 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-06T19:17:42Z → 1940-10-07T18:26:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The first muhūrta after sunrise is 1st of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:08–06:54 on the 7th, 06:08–06:55 on the 8th.", "fact": "udaya-1: day-muhurta-1-1 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must hold through the first muhūrta after sunrise. It covers 46 of 46 minutes on the 7th and 0 of 46 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one morning qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 28191 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Saptamī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 7 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Durga saptami (paraviddha) — covering one muhurta from sunrise" } ], "kaala": "udaya-1", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Durgā Saptamī 1940 falls on Monday 7 October. Saptamī runs from 22:18 on Sun 6 Oct to 21:26 on Mon 7 Oct and covers all of the first muhūrta after sunrise that morning.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/durga-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/mahashtami", "festival": "mahashtami", "name": "Mahāṣṭamī", "everyday": "Durga Ashtami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32537, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-07T21:26:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-07T18:26:27Z", "ms": -922512813066.0265 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-08T21:21:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-08T18:21:09Z", "ms": -922426731261.0155 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-07T21:26:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-07T18:26:27Z", "ms": -922512813066.0265 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-08T21:21:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-08T18:21:09Z", "ms": -922426731261.0155 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-07T11:31:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-07T08:31:09Z", "ms": -922548531284.7008 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-07T12:19:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-07T09:19:09Z", "ms": -922545651284.7008 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-08T11:30:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-08T08:30:52Z", "ms": -922462148140.6116 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-08T12:18:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-08T09:18:52Z", "ms": -922459268140.6116 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 21:26 on Mon 7 Oct to 21:21 on Tue 8 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-07T18:26:27Z → 1940-10-08T18:21:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 7th, 11:31–12:19 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 32537 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 8 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Mahastami (paraviddha)" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahāṣṭamī (Durga Ashtami) 1940 falls on Tuesday 8 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 21:26 on Mon 7 Oct to 21:21 on Tue 8 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/mahashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/mahanavami", "festival": "mahanavami", "name": "Mahānavamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-09", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 32537, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-08T21:21:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-08T18:21:09Z", "ms": -922426731261.0155 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-09T22:00:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-09T19:00:04Z", "ms": -922337995789.4523 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-08T21:21:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-08T18:21:09Z", "ms": -922426731261.0155 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-09T22:00:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-09T19:00:04Z", "ms": -922337995789.4523 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-08T11:30:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-08T08:30:52Z", "ms": -922462148140.6116 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-08T12:18:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-08T09:18:52Z", "ms": -922459268140.6116 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-09T11:30:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-09T08:30:35Z", "ms": -922375764584.5643 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-09T12:18:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-09T09:18:35Z", "ms": -922372884584.5643 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 21:21 on Tue 8 Oct to 22:00 on Wed 9 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-08T18:21:09Z → 1940-10-09T19:00:04Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:31–12:19 on the 8th, 11:31–12:19 on the 9th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 8th and 48 of 48 on the 9th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 32537 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mahānavamī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 9 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mahanavami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Mahanavami (purvaviddha) (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha covering one muhurta from sunrise)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-09", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mahānavamī 1940 falls on Wednesday 9 October. Navamī runs from 21:21 on Tue 8 Oct to 22:00 on Wed 9 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/mahanavami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vijaya-dashami", "festival": "vijaya-dashami", "name": "Vijayā Daśamī", "everyday": "Dussehra", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13292, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 9, "key": "dashami", "name": "Daśamī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-09T22:00:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-09T19:00:04Z", "ms": -922337995789.4523 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-10T23:18:39+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-10T20:18:39Z", "ms": -922246881412.3844 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "conjunction", "start": { "local": "1940-10-09T22:00:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-09T19:00:04Z", "ms": -922337995789.4523 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-10T21:20:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-10T18:20:03Z", "ms": -922253996506.6797 }, "nakshatra": { "type": "nakshatra", "index": 21, "key": "shravana", "name": "Śravaṇa", "start": { "local": "1940-10-09T19:30:43+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-09T16:30:43Z", "ms": -922346956899.3152 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-10T21:20:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-10T18:20:03Z", "ms": -922253996506.6797 } } }, "kaala": "daytime", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-09T06:09:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-09T03:09:16Z", "ms": -922395044161.7369 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-09T17:39:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-09T14:39:55Z", "ms": -922353605007.3917 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 691, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-10T06:10:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-10T03:10:08Z", "ms": -922308592446.781 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-10T17:38:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-10T14:38:31Z", "ms": -922267288745.7072 } }, "covered_min": 688, "window_min": 688, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Daśamī runs from 22:00 on Wed 9 Oct to 23:19 on Thu 10 Oct, and Śravaṇa from 19:31 on Wed 9 Oct to 21:20 on Thu 10 Oct. They are together from 22:00 on Wed 9 Oct to 21:20 on Thu 10 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-09T19:00:04Z → 1940-10-10T18:20:03Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "The day time is sunrise to sunset: 06:09–17:40 on the 9th, 06:10–17:39 on the 10th.", "fact": "daytime: sunrise-to-sunset · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Where Daśamī touches Śravaṇa in the day time, that day is taken. Together they cover 0 of 691 minutes on the 9th and 688 of 688 on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one day qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 13292 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vijayā Daśamī, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 10 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vijaya-dashami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 10 Vijaya dasami (In Bengal it is observed as paraviddha, covering one muhurta from sunrise. In other places, if it touches Sravana naksatra in the day time it is observed on that day), Sarasvati visarjana (to be observed in naksatra Sravana), Dasahara." } ], "not_evaluated": "The Bengal reading (paraviddha, one muhūrta from sunrise) is not applied.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day", "conjunction": { "nakshatra": "Śravaṇa", "kaala": "daytime" } }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vijayā Daśamī (Dussehra) 1940 falls on Thursday 10 October. Daśamī runs from 22:00 on Wed 9 Oct to 23:19 on Thu 10 Oct and is with Śravaṇa in the day time that day, for 688 minutes.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vijaya-dashami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-10-11", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 18113, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-10T23:18:39+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-10T20:18:39Z", "ms": -922246881412.3844 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-12T01:09:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-11T22:09:59Z", "ms": -922153800997.6129 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-10T23:18:39+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-10T20:18:39Z", "ms": -922246881412.3844 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-12T01:09:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-11T22:09:59Z", "ms": -922153800997.6129 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-11T06:11:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-11T03:11:00Z", "ms": -922222140433.982 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-11T06:11:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-11T03:11:00Z", "ms": -922222140433.982 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-12T06:11:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-12T03:11:52Z", "ms": -922135688113.9894 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-12T06:11:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-12T03:11:52Z", "ms": -922135688113.9894 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 23:19 on Thu 10 Oct to 01:10 on Sat 12 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-10T20:18:39Z → 1940-10-11T22:09:59Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:11 on the 11th and 06:12 on the 12th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 11th and is not on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 18113 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 11 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Pāśāṅkuśā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Friday 11 October. Ekādaśī runs from 23:19 on Thu 10 Oct to 01:10 on Sat 12 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-10-11", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-10-13", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-13", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29346, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-13T03:25:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-13T00:25:48Z", "ms": -922059252417.7144 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-14T05:57:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-14T02:57:20Z", "ms": -921963759825.5619 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 6, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Āśvina" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-13T03:25:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-13T00:25:48Z", "ms": -922059252417.7144 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-14T05:57:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-14T02:57:20Z", "ms": -921963759825.5619 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-12T17:35:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-12T14:35:46Z", "ms": -922094654365.3264 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-12T19:16:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-12T16:16:41Z", "ms": -922088598513.6162 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-13T17:34:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-13T14:34:24Z", "ms": -922008336181.0903 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-13T19:15:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-13T16:15:38Z", "ms": -922002262358.9977 } }, "covered_min": 101, "window_min": 101, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 03:26 on Sun 13 Oct to 05:57 on Mon 14 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-13T00:25:48Z → 1940-10-14T02:57:20Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:36–19:17 on the 12th, 17:34–19:16 on the 13th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 101 minutes on the 12th and 101 of 101 on the 13th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 29346 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 13 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-13", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Sunday 13 October. Trayodaśī runs from 03:26 on Sun 13 Oct to 05:57 on Mon 14 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-10-13", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/karaka-chaturthi", "festival": "karaka-chaturthi", "name": "Karaka Caturthī", "everyday": "Karwa Chauth", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2091, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-19T18:06:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-19T15:06:09Z", "ms": -921488031463.4323 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-20T19:42:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-20T16:42:42Z", "ms": -921395838487.8271 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-19T18:06:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-19T15:06:09Z", "ms": -921488031463.4323 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-20T19:42:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-20T16:42:42Z", "ms": -921395838487.8271 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-19T19:33:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-19T16:33:12Z", "ms": -921482808206.1913 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-19T19:33:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-19T16:33:12Z", "ms": -921482808206.1913 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-20T20:17:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-20T17:17:33Z", "ms": -921393747314.4136 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-20T20:17:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-20T17:17:33Z", "ms": -921393747314.4136 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:06 on Sat 19 Oct to 19:43 on Sun 20 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-19T15:06:09Z → 1940-10-20T16:42:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:33 on the 19th and 20:18 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 2091 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Karaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "karaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 4 Karaka caturthi (current at moon-rise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Karaka Caturthī (Karwa Chauth) 1940 falls on Saturday 19 October. Caturthī runs from 18:06 on Sat 19 Oct to 19:43 on Sun 20 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/karaka-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-10-19", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-19", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2091, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-19T18:06:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-19T15:06:09Z", "ms": -921488031463.4323 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-20T19:42:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-20T16:42:42Z", "ms": -921395838487.8271 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-19T18:06:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-19T15:06:09Z", "ms": -921488031463.4323 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-20T19:42:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-20T16:42:42Z", "ms": -921395838487.8271 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-19T19:33:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-19T16:33:12Z", "ms": -921482808206.1913 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-19T19:33:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-19T16:33:12Z", "ms": -921482808206.1913 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-10-20", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-20T20:17:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-20T17:17:33Z", "ms": -921393747314.4136 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-20T20:17:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-20T17:17:33Z", "ms": -921393747314.4136 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 18:06 on Sat 19 Oct to 19:43 on Sun 20 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-19T15:06:09Z → 1940-10-20T16:42:42Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:33 on the 19th and 20:18 on the 20th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 19th and is not on the 20th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2091 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 19 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-19", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1940 falls on Saturday 19 October. Caturthī runs from 18:06 on Sat 19 Oct to 19:43 on Sun 20 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-10-19", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ahoyi-ashtami", "festival": "ahoyi-ashtami", "name": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-23", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 5772, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 22, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-23T21:20:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-23T18:20:34Z", "ms": -921130766334.4983 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-24T20:37:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-24T17:37:40Z", "ms": -921046939741.9219 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-23T21:20:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-23T18:20:34Z", "ms": -921130766334.4983 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-24T20:37:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-24T17:37:40Z", "ms": -921046939741.9219 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-23", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-23T22:56:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-23T19:56:46Z", "ms": -921124994475.3059 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-23T22:56:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-23T19:56:46Z", "ms": -921124994475.3059 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-10-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-24T23:57:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-24T20:57:36Z", "ms": -921034943725.7792 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-24T23:57:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-24T20:57:36Z", "ms": -921034943725.7792 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 21:21 on Wed 23 Oct to 20:38 on Thu 24 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-23T18:20:34Z → 1940-10-24T17:37:40Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 22:57 on the 23rd and 23:58 on the 24th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 23rd and is not on the 24th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 5772 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ahoyī Aṣṭamī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 23 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ahoyi-ashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 8 Ahoyi astami (Gujerat) (current at moonrise), Karastami (Maharashtra). If occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day." } ], "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-23", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ahoyī Aṣṭamī 1940 falls on Wednesday 23 October. Aṣṭamī runs from 21:21 on Wed 23 Oct to 20:38 on Thu 24 Oct and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ahoyi-ashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-10-27", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Ramā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 29706, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-26T17:14:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-26T14:14:51Z", "ms": -920886308809.5645 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-27T14:40:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-27T11:40:45Z", "ms": -920809155346.1361 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-26T17:14:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-26T14:14:51Z", "ms": -920886308809.5645 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-27T14:40:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-27T11:40:45Z", "ms": -920809155346.1361 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-26T06:24:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-26T03:24:41Z", "ms": -920925319119.9805 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-26T06:24:41+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-26T03:24:41Z", "ms": -920925319119.9805 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-27T06:25:39+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-27T03:25:39Z", "ms": -920838861437.1816 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-27T06:25:39+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-27T03:25:39Z", "ms": -920838861437.1816 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 17:15 on Sat 26 Oct to 14:41 on Sun 27 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-26T14:14:51Z → 1940-10-27T11:40:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:25 on the 26th and 06:26 on the 27th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 26th and is on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 29706 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Ramā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Ramā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Sunday 27 October. Ekādaśī runs from 17:15 on Sat 26 Oct to 14:41 on Sun 27 Oct and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-10-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/govatsa-dvadashi", "festival": "govatsa-dvadashi", "name": "Govatsa Dvādaśī", "everyday": "Vasu Baras", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9363, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 26, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-27T14:40:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-27T11:40:45Z", "ms": -920809155346.1361 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-28T11:38:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T08:38:36Z", "ms": -920733683913.4567 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-27T14:40:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-27T11:40:45Z", "ms": -920809155346.1361 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-28T11:38:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T08:38:36Z", "ms": -920733683913.4567 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-27T17:16:48+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-27T14:16:48Z", "ms": -920799791928.0778 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-27T19:02:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-27T16:02:07Z", "ms": -920793473457.821 } }, "covered_min": 105, "window_min": 105, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-28T17:15:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T14:15:40Z", "ms": -920713459581.1628 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-28T19:01:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T16:01:16Z", "ms": -920707124306.782 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 14:41 on Sun 27 Oct to 11:39 on Mon 28 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-27T11:40:45Z → 1940-10-28T08:38:36Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:17–19:02 on the 27th, 17:16–19:01 on the 28th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 105 of 105 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 106 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 9363 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govatsa Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 27 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govatsa-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 12 Govatsa dvadasi (pradosa vyapini). If occurs on two days, it is to be observed on the first day." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vasu Baras) 1940 falls on Sunday 27 October. Dvādaśī runs from 14:41 on Sun 27 Oct to 11:39 on Mon 28 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/govatsa-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/yama-dipadana", "festival": "yama-dipadana", "name": "Yama Dīpadāna", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20224, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-28T11:38:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T08:38:36Z", "ms": -920733683913.4567 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-29T08:15:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T05:15:45Z", "ms": -920659454897.6572 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-28T11:38:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T08:38:36Z", "ms": -920733683913.4567 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-29T08:15:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T05:15:45Z", "ms": -920659454897.6572 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-28T17:15:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T14:15:40Z", "ms": -920713459581.1628 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-28T19:01:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T16:01:16Z", "ms": -920707124306.782 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-29T17:14:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T14:14:34Z", "ms": -920627126028.8956 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-29T19:00:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T16:00:26Z", "ms": -920620774067.3752 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:39 on Mon 28 Oct to 08:16 on Tue 29 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-28T08:38:36Z → 1940-10-29T05:15:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:16–19:01 on the 28th, 17:15–19:00 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 106 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20224 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dīpadāna, Mosul, 1940: Monday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dipadana", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 13 Yama dipadana (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Yama Dīpadāna 1940 falls on Monday 28 October. Trayodaśī runs from 11:39 on Mon 28 Oct to 08:16 on Tue 29 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/yama-dipadana", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-10-28", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-28", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20224, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-28T11:38:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T08:38:36Z", "ms": -920733683913.4567 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-29T08:15:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T05:15:45Z", "ms": -920659454897.6572 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-28T11:38:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T08:38:36Z", "ms": -920733683913.4567 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-29T08:15:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T05:15:45Z", "ms": -920659454897.6572 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-28T17:15:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T14:15:40Z", "ms": -920713459581.1628 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-28T19:01:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T16:01:16Z", "ms": -920707124306.782 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-29T17:14:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T14:14:34Z", "ms": -920627126028.8956 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-29T19:00:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T16:00:26Z", "ms": -920620774067.3752 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 11:39 on Mon 28 Oct to 08:16 on Tue 29 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-28T08:38:36Z → 1940-10-29T05:15:45Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:16–19:01 on the 28th, 17:15–19:00 on the 29th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 106 of 106 minutes on the 28th and 0 of 106 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20224 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Monday 28 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-28", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Monday 28 October. Trayodaśī runs from 11:39 on Mon 28 Oct to 08:16 on Tue 29 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-10-28", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/naraka-chaturdashi", "festival": "naraka-chaturdashi", "name": "Naraka Caturdaśī", "everyday": "Choti Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-29", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin", "absent-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 118, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-29T08:15:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T05:15:45Z", "ms": -920659454897.6572 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-30T04:40:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T01:40:44Z", "ms": -920585956249.1129 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-29T08:15:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T05:15:45Z", "ms": -920659454897.6572 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-30T04:40:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T01:40:44Z", "ms": -920585956249.1129 } }, "kaala": "arunodaya", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-29T04:42:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T01:42:00Z", "ms": -920672280297.687 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-29T06:27:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T03:27:35Z", "ms": -920665945023.3062 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-30T04:42:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T01:42:42Z", "ms": -920585838279.0132 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-30T06:28:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T03:28:34Z", "ms": -920579486317.4928 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "tithi-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:16 on Tue 29 Oct to 04:41 on Wed 30 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-29T05:15:45Z → 1940-10-30T01:40:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Aruṇodaya is 2 muhūrtas before sunrise: 04:42–06:28 on the 29th, 04:43–06:29 on the 30th.", "fact": "arunodaya: prev-night-muhurta-14-15 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during aruṇodaya. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 29th and 0 of 106 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Neither dawn qualifies. The day the tithi falls on is taken.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → tithi-day · margin 118 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Naraka Caturdaśī, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin, absent-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naraka-chaturdashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 14 Naraka caturdasi (covering a period of 4 ghatikas before sunrise, if occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the first day)" } ], "kaala": "arunodaya", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-29", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-29", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Naraka Caturdaśī (Choti Diwali) 1940 falls on Tuesday 29 October. Caturdaśī runs from 08:16 on Tue 29 Oct to 04:41 on Wed 30 Oct, and reaches aruṇodaya on neither day. It is 1 min 58 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/naraka-chaturdashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-10-29", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-29", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15910, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-10-29T08:15:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T05:15:45Z", "ms": -920659454897.6572 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-30T04:40:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T01:40:44Z", "ms": -920585956249.1129 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-29T08:15:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T05:15:45Z", "ms": -920659454897.6572 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-30T04:40:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T01:40:44Z", "ms": -920585956249.1129 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-28T23:27:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T20:27:38Z", "ms": -920691142302.2345 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-29T00:15:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-28T21:15:38Z", "ms": -920688262302.2345 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-29T23:27:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T20:27:34Z", "ms": -920604746173.1942 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-30T00:15:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T21:15:34Z", "ms": -920601866173.1942 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 08:16 on Tue 29 Oct to 04:41 on Wed 30 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-29T05:15:45Z → 1940-10-30T01:40:44Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:28–00:16 on the 28th, 23:28–00:16 on the 29th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 28th and 48 of 48 on the 29th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 15910 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 29 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-29", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1940 falls on Tuesday 29 October. Caturdaśī runs from 08:16 on Tue 29 Oct to 04:41 on Wed 30 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-10-29", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "festival": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "name": "Lakṣmī Pūjā", "everyday": "Diwali", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21800, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1940-10-30T04:40:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T01:40:44Z", "ms": -920585956249.1129 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T01:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z", "ms": -920512622893.4556 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-30T04:40:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T01:40:44Z", "ms": -920585956249.1129 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T01:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z", "ms": -920512622893.4556 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-29T17:14:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T14:14:34Z", "ms": -920627126028.8956 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-29T19:00:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T16:00:26Z", "ms": -920620774067.3752 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-30T17:13:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T14:13:29Z", "ms": -920540791243.2792 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-30T18:59:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T15:59:37Z", "ms": -920534422717.4852 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 04:41 on Wed 30 Oct to 01:03 on Thu 31 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-30T01:40:44Z → 1940-10-30T22:02:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:15–19:00 on the 29th, 17:13–19:00 on the 30th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 29th and 106 of 106 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21800 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Lakṣmī Pūjā, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "diwali-lakshmi-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali) 1940 falls on Wednesday 30 October. Amāvasyā runs from 04:41 on Wed 30 Oct to 01:03 on Thu 31 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/diwali-lakshmi-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/kali-puja", "festival": "kali-puja", "name": "Kālī Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-30", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 2846, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 29, "key": "amavasya", "name": "Amāvasyā", "start": { "local": "1940-10-30T04:40:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T01:40:44Z", "ms": -920585956249.1129 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T01:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z", "ms": -920512622893.4556 }, "month": { "amanta": 6, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Āśvina", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-30T04:40:44+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T01:40:44Z", "ms": -920585956249.1129 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T01:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z", "ms": -920512622893.4556 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-29", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-29T23:27:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T20:27:34Z", "ms": -920604746173.1942 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-30T00:15:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-29T21:15:34Z", "ms": -920601866173.1942 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-30T23:27:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T20:27:31Z", "ms": -920518349271.552 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T00:15:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T21:15:31Z", "ms": -920515469271.552 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Amāvasyā runs from 04:41 on Wed 30 Oct to 01:03 on Thu 31 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-30T01:40:44Z → 1940-10-30T22:02:57Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:28–00:16 on the 29th, 23:28–00:16 on the 30th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Amāvasyā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 29th and 48 of 48 on the 30th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 2846 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kālī Pūjā, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 30 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "K 30 Kali puja (nisithavyapini), Dipavali or Diwali (pradosa), Mahalaksmipuja (pradosa)" } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-30", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kālī Pūjā 1940 falls on Wednesday 30 October. Amāvasyā runs from 04:41 on Wed 30 Oct to 01:03 on Thu 31 Oct and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/kali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/govardhana-puja", "festival": "govardhana-puja", "name": "Govardhana Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33446, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1940-10-31T01:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z", "ms": -920512622893.4556 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T21:32:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T18:32:24Z", "ms": -920438855714.0482 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-31T01:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z", "ms": -920512622893.4556 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T21:32:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T18:32:24Z", "ms": -920438855714.0482 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-30T11:27:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T08:27:01Z", "ms": -920561578780.386 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-30T12:15:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T09:15:01Z", "ms": -920558698780.386 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-31T11:26:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T08:26:59Z", "ms": -920475181248.4307 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T12:14:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T09:14:59Z", "ms": -920472301248.4307 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 01:03 on Thu 31 Oct to 21:32 on Thu 31 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z → 1940-10-31T18:32:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 30th, 11:27–12:15 on the 31st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 30th and 48 of 48 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 33446 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Govardhana Pūjā, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "govardhana-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Govardhana Pūjā 1940 falls on Thursday 31 October. Pratipadā runs from 01:03 on Thu 31 Oct to 21:32 on Thu 31 Oct and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/govardhana-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/bali-puja", "festival": "bali-puja", "name": "Bali Pūjā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9215, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1940-10-31T01:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z", "ms": -920512622893.4556 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T21:32:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T18:32:24Z", "ms": -920438855714.0482 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-31T01:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z", "ms": -920512622893.4556 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T21:32:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T18:32:24Z", "ms": -920438855714.0482 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-30", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-30T17:13:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T14:13:29Z", "ms": -920540791243.2792 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-30T18:59:37+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T15:59:37Z", "ms": -920534422717.4852 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-31T17:12:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T14:12:25Z", "ms": -920454455197.0365 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T18:58:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T15:58:50Z", "ms": -920448070235.8721 } }, "covered_min": 106, "window_min": 106, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 01:03 on Thu 31 Oct to 21:32 on Thu 31 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z → 1940-10-31T18:32:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:13–19:00 on the 30th, 17:12–18:59 on the 31st.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 106 minutes on the 30th and 106 of 106 on the 31st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9215 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Bali Pūjā, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "bali-puja", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Bali Pūjā 1940 falls on Thursday 31 October. Pratipadā runs from 01:03 on Thu 31 Oct to 21:32 on Thu 31 Oct and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/bali-puja", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/dyuta-pratipad", "festival": "dyuta-pratipad", "name": "Dyūta Pratipad", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-10-31", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 19596, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 0, "key": "pratipada", "name": "Pratipadā", "start": { "local": "1940-10-31T01:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z", "ms": -920512622893.4556 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T21:32:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T18:32:24Z", "ms": -920438855714.0482 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-31T01:02:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z", "ms": -920512622893.4556 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T21:32:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T18:32:24Z", "ms": -920438855714.0482 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-31T06:29:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T03:29:33Z", "ms": -920493027299.825 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T10:03:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T07:03:50Z", "ms": -920480169932.2288 } }, "covered_min": 214, "window_min": 214, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-01T06:30:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-01T03:30:32Z", "ms": -920406567988.3031 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-01T10:04:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-01T07:04:09Z", "ms": -920393751279.8538 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 214, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pratipadā runs from 01:03 on Thu 31 Oct to 21:32 on Thu 31 Oct.", "fact": "1940-10-30T22:02:57Z → 1940-10-31T18:32:24Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:30–10:04 on the 31st, 06:31–10:04 on the 1st.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pratipadā must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 214 of 214 minutes on the 31st and 0 of 214 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 19596 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dyūta Pratipad, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 31 October.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dyuta-pratipad", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 1 Govardhana puja, Annakuta [purvaviddha], Balidaityaraja puja (pradosa), Dyuta pratipad (purvahna)." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-10-31", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Dyūta Pratipad 1940 falls on Thursday 31 October. Pratipadā runs from 01:03 on Thu 31 Oct to 21:32 on Thu 31 Oct and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/dyuta-pratipad", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/yama-dvitiya", "festival": "yama-dvitiya", "name": "Yama Dvitīyā", "everyday": "Bhai Dooj", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-01", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21861, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 1, "key": "dvitiya", "name": "Dvitīyā", "start": { "local": "1940-10-31T21:32:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T18:32:24Z", "ms": -920438855714.0482 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-01T18:19:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-01T15:19:18Z", "ms": -920364042196.8417 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-10-31T21:32:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T18:32:24Z", "ms": -920438855714.0482 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-01T18:19:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-01T15:19:18Z", "ms": -920364042196.8417 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-10-31", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-10-31T11:26:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T08:26:59Z", "ms": -920475181248.4307 }, "end": { "local": "1940-10-31T12:14:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-10-31T09:14:59Z", "ms": -920472301248.4307 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-11-01", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-01T11:26:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-01T08:26:57Z", "ms": -920388782925.6292 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-01T12:14:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-01T09:14:57Z", "ms": -920385902925.6292 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvitīyā runs from 21:32 on Thu 31 Oct to 18:19 on Fri 1 Nov.", "fact": "1940-10-31T18:32:24Z → 1940-11-01T15:19:18Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 31st, 11:27–12:15 on the 1st.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvitīyā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 31st and 48 of 48 on the 1st.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 21861 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Yama Dvitīyā, Mosul, 1940: Friday 1 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "yama-dvitiya", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 2 Bhratrdvitiya, Yamadvitiya (madhyahna, purvaviddha), Masyadhara (Dwat) puja (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-01", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Yama Dvitīyā (Bhai Dooj) 1940 falls on Friday 1 November. Dvitīyā runs from 21:32 on Thu 31 Oct to 18:19 on Fri 1 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/yama-dvitiya", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/naga-chaturthi", "festival": "naga-chaturthi", "name": "Nāga Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4182, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-11-02T15:33:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-02T12:33:38Z", "ms": -920287582124.1376 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-03T13:24:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-03T10:24:38Z", "ms": -920208922044.9484 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-02T15:33:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-02T12:33:38Z", "ms": -920287582124.1376 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-03T13:24:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-03T10:24:38Z", "ms": -920208922044.9484 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-02T11:26:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-02T08:26:56Z", "ms": -920302383807.7727 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-02T12:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-02T09:14:56Z", "ms": -920299503807.7727 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-03T11:26:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-03T08:26:56Z", "ms": -920215983890.573 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-03T12:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-03T09:14:56Z", "ms": -920213103890.573 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:34 on Sat 2 Nov to 13:25 on Sun 3 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-02T12:33:38Z → 1940-11-03T10:24:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 2nd, 11:27–12:15 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 4182 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 4 Naga caturthi (paraviddha and madhyahnavyapini)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nāga Caturthī 1940 falls on Sunday 3 November. Caturthī runs from 15:34 on Sat 2 Nov to 13:25 on Sun 3 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/naga-chaturthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-11-03", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4182, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-11-02T15:33:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-02T12:33:38Z", "ms": -920287582124.1376 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-03T13:24:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-03T10:24:38Z", "ms": -920208922044.9484 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-02T15:33:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-02T12:33:38Z", "ms": -920287582124.1376 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-03T13:24:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-03T10:24:38Z", "ms": -920208922044.9484 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-02T11:26:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-02T08:26:56Z", "ms": -920302383807.7727 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-02T12:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-02T09:14:56Z", "ms": -920299503807.7727 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-11-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-03T11:26:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-03T08:26:56Z", "ms": -920215983890.573 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-03T12:14:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-03T09:14:56Z", "ms": -920213103890.573 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 15:34 on Sat 2 Nov to 13:25 on Sun 3 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-02T12:33:38Z → 1940-11-03T10:24:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 2nd, 11:27–12:15 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 48 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4182 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 3 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1940 falls on Sunday 3 November. Caturthī runs from 15:34 on Sat 2 Nov to 13:25 on Sun 3 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-11-03", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/surya-shashthi", "festival": "surya-shashthi", "name": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī", "everyday": "Chhath", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-04", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "margin" ], "boundary_margin_s": 125, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1940-11-04T11:59:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-04T08:59:59Z", "ms": -920127601029.409 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-05T11:24:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-05T08:24:53Z", "ms": -920043306539.4222 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-04T11:59:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-04T08:59:59Z", "ms": -920127601029.409 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-05T11:24:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-05T08:24:53Z", "ms": -920043306539.4222 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-04T11:26:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-04T08:26:57Z", "ms": -920129583169.3878 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-04T12:14:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-04T09:14:57Z", "ms": -920126703169.3878 } }, "covered_min": 15, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-11-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-05T11:26:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-05T08:26:58Z", "ms": -920043181639.172 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-05T12:14:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-05T09:14:58Z", "ms": -920040301639.172 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:00 on Mon 4 Nov to 11:25 on Tue 5 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-04T08:59:59Z → 1940-11-05T08:24:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 4th, 11:27–12:15 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 15 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 125 s < 300 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 4 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (margin)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "surya-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Nadi sasthi, Skanda sasthi (Madras), Surya sasthi, Chhat (Bihar)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-04", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-04", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Sūrya Ṣaṣṭhī (Chhath) 1940 falls on Monday 4 November. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 12:00 on Mon 4 Nov to 11:25 on Tue 5 Nov and covers 15 of 48 minutes of madhyāhna that midday. It is 2 min 05 s from a threshold: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/surya-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/gopashtami", "festival": "gopashtami", "name": "Gopāṣṭamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-07", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 847, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 7, "key": "ashtami", "name": "Aṣṭamī", "start": { "local": "1940-11-06T11:41:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-06T08:41:07Z", "ms": -919955932624.2542 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-07T12:46:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-07T09:46:16Z", "ms": -919865624492.8634 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-06T11:41:07+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-06T08:41:07Z", "ms": -919955932624.2542 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-07T12:46:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-07T09:46:16Z", "ms": -919865624492.8634 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-06T11:27:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-06T08:27:01Z", "ms": -919956779294.5925 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-06T12:15:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-06T09:15:01Z", "ms": -919953899294.5925 } }, "covered_min": 34, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-07T11:27:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-07T08:27:04Z", "ms": -919870376130.2244 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-07T12:15:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-07T09:15:04Z", "ms": -919867496130.2244 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Aṣṭamī runs from 11:41 on Wed 6 Nov to 12:46 on Thu 7 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-06T08:41:07Z → 1940-11-07T09:46:16Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 6th, 11:27–12:15 on the 7th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Aṣṭamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 34 of 48 minutes on the 6th and 48 of 48 on the 7th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both middays qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 847 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Gopāṣṭamī, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 7 November.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "gopashtami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 8 Gopastami, Gosthastami." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-07", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-07", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Gopāṣṭamī 1940 falls on Thursday 7 November. Aṣṭamī runs from 11:41 on Wed 6 Nov to 12:46 on Thu 7 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday. It also reaches the previous midday for 34 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/gopashtami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/akshaya-navami", "festival": "akshaya-navami", "name": "Akṣaya Navamī", "everyday": "Amla Navami", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 9602, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1940-11-07T12:46:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-07T09:46:16Z", "ms": -919865624492.8634 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-08T14:33:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-08T11:33:31Z", "ms": -919772788552.7596 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-07T12:46:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-07T09:46:16Z", "ms": -919865624492.8634 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-08T14:33:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-08T11:33:31Z", "ms": -919772788552.7596 } }, "kaala": "purvahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-07T06:36:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-07T03:36:33Z", "ms": -919887807062.4651 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-07T10:06:14+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-07T07:06:14Z", "ms": -919875226440.9713 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 210, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-08T06:37:34+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-08T03:37:34Z", "ms": -919801346255.6068 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-08T10:06:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-08T07:06:36Z", "ms": -919788803512.3717 } }, "covered_min": 209, "window_min": 209, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 12:46 on Thu 7 Nov to 14:34 on Fri 8 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-07T09:46:16Z → 1940-11-08T11:33:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pūrvāhṇa is first 5 of 15 day muhūrtas: 06:37–10:06 on the 7th, 06:38–10:07 on the 8th.", "fact": "purvahna: day-muhurta-1-5 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during pūrvāhṇa. It covers 0 of 210 minutes on the 7th and 209 of 209 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one forenoon qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 9602 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akṣaya Navamī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akshaya-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "purvahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Akṣaya Navamī (Amla Navami) 1940 falls on Friday 8 November. Navamī runs from 12:46 on Thu 7 Nov to 14:34 on Fri 8 Nov and covers all of pūrvāhṇa that forenoon.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/akshaya-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/durga-navami", "festival": "durga-navami", "name": "Durgā Navamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-08", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 1872, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 8, "key": "navami", "name": "Navamī", "start": { "local": "1940-11-07T12:46:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-07T09:46:16Z", "ms": -919865624492.8634 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-08T14:33:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-08T11:33:31Z", "ms": -919772788552.7596 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-07T12:46:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-07T09:46:16Z", "ms": -919865624492.8634 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-08T14:33:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-08T11:33:31Z", "ms": -919772788552.7596 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-07", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-07T11:27:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-07T08:27:04Z", "ms": -919870376130.2244 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-07T12:15:04+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-07T09:15:04Z", "ms": -919867496130.2244 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-11-08", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-08T11:27:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-08T08:27:08Z", "ms": -919783972140.7542 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-08T12:15:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-08T09:15:08Z", "ms": -919781092140.7542 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Navamī runs from 12:46 on Thu 7 Nov to 14:34 on Fri 8 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-07T09:46:16Z → 1940-11-08T11:33:31Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:27–12:15 on the 7th, 11:27–12:15 on the 8th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Navamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 7th and 48 of 48 on the 8th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 1872 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Durgā Navamī, Mosul, 1940: Friday 8 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "durga-navami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 9 Aksaya navami (purvahnavyapini), Jagaddhatri puja (Bengal), (udayavyapini one muhurta), Anla navami (Orissa), Durga navami (purvaviddha), Gauri vrata." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-08", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-07", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Durgā Navamī 1940 falls on Friday 8 November. Navamī runs from 12:46 on Thu 7 Nov to 14:34 on Fri 8 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/durga-navami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-11-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 36833, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-11-09T16:52:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-09T13:52:28Z", "ms": -919678051911.5985 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-10T19:30:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-10T16:30:27Z", "ms": -919582172704.3728 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-09T16:52:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-09T13:52:28Z", "ms": -919678051911.5985 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-10T19:30:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-10T16:30:27Z", "ms": -919582172704.3728 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-09T06:38:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-09T03:38:35Z", "ms": -919714885318.0594 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-09T06:38:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-09T03:38:35Z", "ms": -919714885318.0594 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-11-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-10T06:39:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-10T03:39:36Z", "ms": -919628424272.0204 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-10T06:39:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-10T03:39:36Z", "ms": -919628424272.0204 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 16:52 on Sat 9 Nov to 19:30 on Sun 10 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-09T13:52:28Z → 1940-11-10T16:30:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:39 on the 9th and 06:40 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 36833 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Prabodhinī Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Sunday 10 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Prabodhinī Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Sunday 10 November. Ekādaśī runs from 16:52 on Sat 9 Nov to 19:30 on Sun 10 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-11-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-11-12", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-12", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 12187, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-11-11T22:14:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-11T19:14:35Z", "ms": -919485924726.4729 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-13T00:53:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-12T21:53:28Z", "ms": -919389991937.9274 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-11T22:14:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-11T19:14:35Z", "ms": -919485924726.4729 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-13T00:53:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-12T21:53:28Z", "ms": -919389991937.9274 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-11T17:02:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-11T14:02:13Z", "ms": -919504667206.736 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-11T18:51:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-11T15:51:28Z", "ms": -919498111838.8527 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-11-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-12T17:01:26+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-12T14:01:26Z", "ms": -919418313728.6049 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-12T18:50:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-12T15:50:56Z", "ms": -919411743993.8844 } }, "covered_min": 109, "window_min": 109, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 22:15 on Mon 11 Nov to 00:53 on Wed 13 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-11T19:14:35Z → 1940-11-12T21:53:28Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 17:02–18:51 on the 11th, 17:01–18:51 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 109 minutes on the 11th and 109 of 109 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 12187 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 12 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-12", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Tuesday 12 November. Trayodaśī runs from 22:15 on Mon 11 Nov to 00:53 on Wed 13 Nov and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-11-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/kartiki-purnima", "festival": "kartiki-purnima", "name": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 21887, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-11-14T03:18:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-14T00:18:18Z", "ms": -919294901860.2245 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-15T05:23:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-15T02:23:12Z", "ms": -919201007670.4506 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-14T03:18:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-14T00:18:18Z", "ms": -919294901860.2245 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-15T05:23:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-15T02:23:12Z", "ms": -919201007670.4506 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-14T11:27:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-14T08:27:49Z", "ms": -919265530629.1615 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-14T12:15:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-14T09:15:49Z", "ms": -919262650629.1615 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-11-15", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-15T11:27:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-15T08:27:59Z", "ms": -919179120752.1492 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-15T12:15:59+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-15T09:15:59Z", "ms": -919176240752.1492 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:18 on Thu 14 Nov to 05:23 on Fri 15 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-14T00:18:18Z → 1940-11-15T02:23:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:28–12:16 on the 14th, 11:28–12:16 on the 15th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 14th and 0 of 48 on the 15th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 21887 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kārtikī Pūrṇimā, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "kartiki-purnima", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kārtikī Pūrṇimā 1940 falls on Thursday 14 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:18 on Thu 14 Nov to 05:23 on Fri 15 Nov and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/kartiki-purnima", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/rasayatra", "festival": "rasayatra", "name": "Rāsayātrā", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10927, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-11-14T03:18:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-14T00:18:18Z", "ms": -919294901860.2245 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-15T05:23:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-15T02:23:12Z", "ms": -919201007670.4506 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 7, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Kārtika" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-14T03:18:18+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-14T00:18:18Z", "ms": -919294901860.2245 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-15T05:23:12+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-15T02:23:12Z", "ms": -919201007670.4506 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-13T23:28:11+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-13T20:28:11Z", "ms": -919308709037.4128 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-14T00:16:11+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-13T21:16:11Z", "ms": -919305829037.4128 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-11-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-14T23:28:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-14T20:28:20Z", "ms": -919222300017.3286 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-15T00:16:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-14T21:16:20Z", "ms": -919219420017.3286 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 03:18 on Thu 14 Nov to 05:23 on Fri 15 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-14T00:18:18Z → 1940-11-15T02:23:12Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:28–00:16 on the 13th, 23:28–00:16 on the 14th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 13th and 48 of 48 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 10927 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Rāsayātrā, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 14 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "rasayatra", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Rasayatra, (nisithavyapini, i.e. covering a period from 24 minutes before to 24 minutes after midnight. If occurs on two days or does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the second day), Puskar Fair. Ratha yatra (Jain), Tripurotsava (evening), Kedara vrata (Orissa), Kartiki purnima." } ], "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Rāsayātrā 1940 falls on Thursday 14 November. Pūrṇimā runs from 03:18 on Thu 14 Nov to 05:23 on Fri 15 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/rasayatra", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-11-18", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 38524, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-11-18T09:12:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-18T06:12:56Z", "ms": -918928023953.6078 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-19T09:38:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-19T06:38:29Z", "ms": -918840090980.113 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-18T09:12:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-18T06:12:56Z", "ms": -918928023953.6078 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-19T09:38:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-19T06:38:29Z", "ms": -918840090980.113 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-18T19:55:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-18T16:55:00Z", "ms": -918889500266.6276 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-18T19:55:00+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-18T16:55:00Z", "ms": -918889500266.6276 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-11-19", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-19T20:50:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-19T17:50:52Z", "ms": -918799748488.6357 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-19T20:50:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-19T17:50:52Z", "ms": -918799748488.6357 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 09:13 on Mon 18 Nov to 09:38 on Tue 19 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-18T06:12:56Z → 1940-11-19T06:38:29Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:55 on the 18th and 20:51 on the 19th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is on the 18th and is not on the 19th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 38524 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 18 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1940 falls on Monday 18 November. Caturthī runs from 09:13 on Mon 18 Nov to 09:38 on Tue 19 Nov and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-11-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-11-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Utpannā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 15194, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-11-25T02:41:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-24T23:41:32Z", "ms": -918346707976.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-26T00:01:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-25T21:01:27Z", "ms": -918269913151.8112 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-25T02:41:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-24T23:41:32Z", "ms": -918346707976.5095 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-26T00:01:27+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-25T21:01:27Z", "ms": -918269913151.8112 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-25T06:54:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-25T03:54:46Z", "ms": -918331513925.8218 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-25T06:54:46+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-25T03:54:46Z", "ms": -918331513925.8218 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-26T06:55:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-26T03:55:45Z", "ms": -918245055104.5706 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-26T06:55:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-26T03:55:45Z", "ms": -918245055104.5706 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 02:42 on Mon 25 Nov to 00:01 on Tue 26 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-24T23:41:32Z → 1940-11-25T21:01:27Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 06:55 on the 25th and 06:56 on the 26th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is on the 25th and is not on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 15194 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Utpannā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 25 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Utpannā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Monday 25 November. Ekādaśī runs from 02:42 on Mon 25 Nov to 00:01 on Tue 26 Nov and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-11-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-11-27", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3004, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-11-26T21:03:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-26T18:03:58Z", "ms": -918194161844.2161 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-27T17:55:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-27T14:55:53Z", "ms": -918119046701.0243 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-26T21:03:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-26T18:03:58Z", "ms": -918194161844.2161 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-27T17:55:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-27T14:55:53Z", "ms": -918119046701.0243 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-26T16:53:42+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-26T13:53:42Z", "ms": -918209178470.9631 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-26T18:46:06+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-26T15:46:06Z", "ms": -918202434241.6781 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 112, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-27T16:53:23+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-27T13:53:23Z", "ms": -918122797368.244 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-27T18:45:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-27T15:45:57Z", "ms": -918116042908.0458 } }, "covered_min": 63, "window_min": 113, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 21:04 on Tue 26 Nov to 17:56 on Wed 27 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-26T18:03:58Z → 1940-11-27T14:55:53Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:54–18:46 on the 26th, 16:53–18:46 on the 27th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 112 minutes on the 26th and 63 of 113 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3004 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Wednesday 27 November. Trayodaśī runs from 21:04 on Tue 26 Nov to 17:56 on Wed 27 Nov and covers 63 of 113 minutes of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-11-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-11-27", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-11-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20139, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-11-27T17:55:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-27T14:55:53Z", "ms": -918119046701.0243 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-28T14:45:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-28T11:45:25Z", "ms": -918044075297.3562 }, "month": { "amanta": 7, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Kārtika", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-11-27T17:55:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-27T14:55:53Z", "ms": -918119046701.0243 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-28T14:45:25+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-28T11:45:25Z", "ms": -918044075297.3562 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-11-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-27T23:31:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-27T20:31:32Z", "ms": -918098908142.5007 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-28T00:19:32+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-27T21:19:32Z", "ms": -918096028142.5007 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-11-28", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-11-28T23:31:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-28T20:31:52Z", "ms": -918012487962.3191 }, "end": { "local": "1940-11-29T00:19:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-11-28T21:19:52Z", "ms": -918009607962.3191 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 17:56 on Wed 27 Nov to 14:45 on Thu 28 Nov.", "fact": "1940-11-27T14:55:53Z → 1940-11-28T11:45:25Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:32–00:20 on the 27th, 23:32–00:20 on the 28th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 27th and 0 of 48 on the 28th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 20139 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 27 November.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-11-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1940 falls on Wednesday 27 November. Caturdaśī runs from 17:56 on Wed 27 Nov to 14:45 on Thu 28 Nov and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-11-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-12-02", "festival": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "name": "Vināyaka Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-02", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 24021, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 3, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-02T04:52:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-02T01:52:31Z", "ms": -917734049291.3153 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-03T03:54:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-03T00:54:09Z", "ms": -917651151174.9512 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-02T04:52:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-02T01:52:31Z", "ms": -917734049291.3153 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-03T03:54:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-03T00:54:09Z", "ms": -917651151174.9512 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-02", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-02T11:32:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-02T08:32:52Z", "ms": -917710027834.1511 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-02T12:20:52+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-02T09:20:52Z", "ms": -917707147834.1511 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-03T11:33:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-03T08:33:16Z", "ms": -917623604047.7505 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-03T12:21:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-03T09:21:16Z", "ms": -917620724047.7505 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 04:53 on Mon 2 Dec to 03:54 on Tue 3 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-02T01:52:31Z → 1940-12-03T00:54:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 2nd, 11:33–12:21 on the 3rd.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 2nd and 0 of 48 on the 3rd.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 24021 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Vināyaka Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Monday 2 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "vinayaka-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-02", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-02", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Vināyaka Caturthī 1940 falls on Monday 2 December. Caturthī runs from 04:53 on Mon 2 Dec to 03:54 on Tue 3 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/vinayaka-chaturthi?on=1940-12-02", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "festival": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "name": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa)", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-03", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 27547, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 4, "key": "panchami", "name": "Pañcamī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-03T03:54:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-03T00:54:09Z", "ms": -917651151174.9512 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-04T03:45:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-04T00:45:49Z", "ms": -917565251341.1436 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-03T03:54:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-03T00:54:09Z", "ms": -917651151174.9512 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-04T03:45:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-04T00:45:49Z", "ms": -917565251341.1436 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-03", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-03T11:33:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-03T08:33:16Z", "ms": -917623604047.7505 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-03T12:21:16+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-03T09:21:16Z", "ms": -917620724047.7505 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-04T11:33:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-04T08:33:40Z", "ms": -917537179674.5505 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-04T12:21:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-04T09:21:40Z", "ms": -917534299674.5505 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pañcamī runs from 03:54 on Tue 3 Dec to 03:46 on Wed 4 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-03T00:54:09Z → 1940-12-04T00:45:49Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:33–12:21 on the 3rd, 11:34–12:22 on the 4th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pañcamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 3rd and 0 of 48 on the 4th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 27547 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa), Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 3 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "naga-panchami-margashirsha", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 5 Naga pancami (2nd) (paraviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-03", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Nāga Pañcamī (Mārgaśīrṣa) 1940 falls on Tuesday 3 December. Pañcamī runs from 03:54 on Tue 3 Dec to 03:46 on Wed 4 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/naga-panchami-margashirsha", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/champa-shashthi", "festival": "champa-shashthi", "name": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25511, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-04T03:45:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-04T00:45:49Z", "ms": -917565251341.1436 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-05T04:28:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-05T01:28:54Z", "ms": -917476265691.4904 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-04T03:45:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-04T00:45:49Z", "ms": -917565251341.1436 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-05T04:28:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-05T01:28:54Z", "ms": -917476265691.4904 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-04T11:33:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-04T08:33:40Z", "ms": -917537179674.5505 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-04T12:21:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-04T09:21:40Z", "ms": -917534299674.5505 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-05T11:34:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-05T08:34:05Z", "ms": -917450754740.4294 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-05T12:22:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-05T09:22:05Z", "ms": -917447874740.4294 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 03:46 on Wed 4 Dec to 04:29 on Thu 5 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-04T00:45:49Z → 1940-12-05T01:28:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 4th, 11:34–12:22 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 25511 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Campā Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 4 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "champa-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "not_evaluated": "The row calls the day special with Śatabhiṣaj nakṣatra, Vyatīpāta yoga and a Sunday; none is tested.", "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Campā Ṣaṣṭhī 1940 falls on Wednesday 4 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 03:46 on Wed 4 Dec to 04:29 on Thu 5 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/champa-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/skanda-shashthi", "festival": "skanda-shashthi", "name": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-04", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 25511, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 5, "key": "shashthi", "name": "Ṣaṣṭhī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-04T03:45:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-04T00:45:49Z", "ms": -917565251341.1436 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-05T04:28:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-05T01:28:54Z", "ms": -917476265691.4904 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-04T03:45:49+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-04T00:45:49Z", "ms": -917565251341.1436 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-05T04:28:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-05T01:28:54Z", "ms": -917476265691.4904 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-04", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-04T11:33:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-04T08:33:40Z", "ms": -917537179674.5505 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-04T12:21:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-04T09:21:40Z", "ms": -917534299674.5505 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-05T11:34:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-05T08:34:05Z", "ms": -917450754740.4294 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-05T12:22:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-05T09:22:05Z", "ms": -917447874740.4294 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 03:46 on Wed 4 Dec to 04:29 on Thu 5 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-04T00:45:49Z → 1940-12-05T01:28:54Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 4th, 11:34–12:22 on the 5th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ṣaṣṭhī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 4th and 0 of 48 on the 5th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 25511 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 4 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "skanda-shashthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 6 Campa sasthi (Maharashtra) (paraviddha). (Special when combined with naksatra Satabhisaj, yoga Vyatipata and Sunday), Skanda sasthi (purvaviddha), Guha sasthi" } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-04", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Skanda Ṣaṣṭhī 1940 falls on Wednesday 4 December. Ṣaṣṭhī runs from 03:46 on Wed 4 Dec to 04:29 on Thu 5 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/skanda-shashthi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/mitra-saptami", "festival": "mitra-saptami", "name": "Mitra Saptamī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-05", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 20081, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 6, "key": "saptami", "name": "Saptamī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-05T04:28:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-05T01:28:54Z", "ms": -917476265691.4904 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-06T05:59:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-06T02:59:50Z", "ms": -917384409962.297 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-05T04:28:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-05T01:28:54Z", "ms": -917476265691.4904 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-06T05:59:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-06T02:59:50Z", "ms": -917384409962.297 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-05", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-05T11:34:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-05T08:34:05Z", "ms": -917450754740.4294 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-05T12:22:05+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-05T09:22:05Z", "ms": -917447874740.4294 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-12-06", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-06T11:34:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-06T08:34:31Z", "ms": -917364329271.3647 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-06T12:22:31+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-06T09:22:31Z", "ms": -917361449271.3647 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Saptamī runs from 04:29 on Thu 5 Dec to 06:00 on Fri 6 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-05T01:28:54Z → 1940-12-06T02:59:50Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:34–12:22 on the 5th, 11:35–12:23 on the 6th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Saptamī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 48 of 48 minutes on the 5th and 0 of 48 on the 6th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: purvaviddha → only-day · margin 20081 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mitra Saptamī, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 5 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "mitra-saptami", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 7 Mitra saptami (purvaviddha)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "purvaviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-05", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mitra Saptamī 1940 falls on Thursday 5 December. Saptamī runs from 04:29 on Thu 5 Dec to 06:00 on Fri 6 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/mitra-saptami", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-12-10", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-10", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 22977, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 10, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-09T13:30:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-09T10:30:24Z", "ms": -917098175676.5515 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-10T16:09:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-10T13:09:58Z", "ms": -917002201938.1332 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-09T13:30:24+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-09T10:30:24Z", "ms": -917098175676.5515 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-10T16:09:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-10T13:09:58Z", "ms": -917002201938.1332 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-09", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-09T07:07:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-09T04:07:28Z", "ms": -917121152295.0553 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-09T07:07:28+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-09T04:07:28Z", "ms": -917121152295.0553 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-10T07:08:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-10T04:08:15Z", "ms": -917034704826.4187 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-10T07:08:15+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-10T04:08:15Z", "ms": -917034704826.4187 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 13:30 on Mon 9 Dec to 16:10 on Tue 10 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-09T10:30:24Z → 1940-12-10T13:09:58Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:07 on the 9th and 07:08 on the 10th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 9th and is on the 10th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 22977 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Mokṣadā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Tuesday 10 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-10", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Mokṣadā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Tuesday 10 December. Ekādaśī runs from 13:30 on Mon 9 Dec to 16:10 on Tue 10 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-12-10", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/akhanda-dvadashi", "festival": "akhanda-dvadashi", "name": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-11", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 13541, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 11, "key": "dvadashi", "name": "Dvādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-10T16:09:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-10T13:09:58Z", "ms": -917002201938.1332 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-11T18:31:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-11T15:31:01Z", "ms": -916907339354.0713 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-10T16:09:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-10T13:09:58Z", "ms": -917002201938.1332 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-11T18:31:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-11T15:31:01Z", "ms": -916907339354.0713 } }, "kaala": "madhyahna", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-10", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-10T11:36:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-10T08:36:17Z", "ms": -917018622574.3147 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-10T12:24:17+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-10T09:24:17Z", "ms": -917015742574.3147 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-11T11:36:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-11T08:36:45Z", "ms": -916932194829.885 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-11T12:24:45+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-11T09:24:45Z", "ms": -916929314829.885 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Dvādaśī runs from 16:10 on Tue 10 Dec to 18:31 on Wed 11 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-10T13:09:58Z → 1940-12-11T15:31:01Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Madhyāhna is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midday: 11:36–12:24 on the 10th, 11:37–12:25 on the 11th.", "fact": "madhyahna: midday-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Dvādaśī must be present during madhyāhna. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 10th and 48 of 48 on the 11th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one midday qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 13541 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 11 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "akhanda-dvadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 12 Matsya dvadasi, Akhanda dvadasi (paraviddha), Vyanjana dvadasi & Dana dvadasi (Orissa)." } ], "kaala": "madhyahna", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "second-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-11", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Akhaṇḍa Dvādaśī 1940 falls on Wednesday 11 December. Dvādaśī runs from 16:10 on Tue 10 Dec to 18:31 on Wed 11 Dec and covers all of madhyāhna that midday.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/akhanda-dvadashi", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-12-12", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-12", "confidence": "boundary", "boundary_reasons": [ "tie-break-unstated" ], "boundary_margin_s": 947, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 12, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-11T18:31:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-11T15:31:01Z", "ms": -916907339354.0713 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-12T20:24:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-12T17:24:51Z", "ms": -916814108835.6884 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-11T18:31:01+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-11T15:31:01Z", "ms": -916907339354.0713 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-12T20:24:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-12T17:24:51Z", "ms": -916814108835.6884 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-11", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-11T16:52:29+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-11T13:52:29Z", "ms": -916913251112.6711 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-11T18:46:47+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-11T15:46:47Z", "ms": -916906392764.6772 } }, "covered_min": 16, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true }, { "local_date": "1940-12-12", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-12T16:52:40+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-12T13:52:40Z", "ms": -916826839922.4456 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-12T18:47:03+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-12T15:47:03Z", "ms": -916819977231.1515 } }, "covered_min": 114, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "greater-coverage", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 18:31 on Wed 11 Dec to 20:25 on Thu 12 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-11T15:31:01Z → 1940-12-12T17:24:51Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:52–18:47 on the 11th, 16:53–18:47 on the 12th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 16 of 114 minutes on the 11th and 114 of 114 on the 12th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Both evenings qualify and the rule marks neither. The one covered longer is ruled, as a boundary.", "fact": "priority: unstated → greater-coverage · margin 947 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 12 December.", "fact": "confidence: boundary (tie-break-unstated)" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-12", "confidence": "boundary" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-12", "confidence": "boundary" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śukla Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Thursday 12 December. Trayodaśī runs from 18:31 on Wed 11 Dec to 20:25 on Thu 12 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening. It also reaches the previous evening for 16 minutes; the rule does not say which to take, and the one covered longer is ruled: treat the date as contested.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-12-12", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/dattatreyotpatti", "festival": "dattatreyotpatti", "name": "Dattātreyotpatti", "everyday": "Datta Jayanti", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-14", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 10793, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 14, "key": "purnima", "name": "Pūrṇimā", "start": { "local": "1940-12-13T21:47:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-13T18:47:13Z", "ms": -916722766884.6566 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-14T22:37:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-14T19:37:35Z", "ms": -916633344918.0719 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 8, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-13T21:47:13+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-13T18:47:13Z", "ms": -916722766884.6566 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-14T22:37:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-14T19:37:35Z", "ms": -916633344918.0719 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-13", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-13T16:52:53+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-13T13:52:53Z", "ms": -916740426763.0251 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-13T18:47:20+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-13T15:47:20Z", "ms": -916733560167.3466 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 114, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-12-14", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-14T16:53:08+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-14T13:53:08Z", "ms": -916654011647.582 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-14T18:47:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-14T15:47:38Z", "ms": -916647141590.2869 } }, "covered_min": 115, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Pūrṇimā runs from 21:47 on Fri 13 Dec to 22:38 on Sat 14 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-13T18:47:13Z → 1940-12-14T19:37:35Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:53–18:47 on the 13th, 16:53–18:48 on the 14th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Pūrṇimā must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 114 minutes on the 13th and 115 of 115 on the 14th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 104" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 10793 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Dattātreyotpatti, Mosul, 1940: Saturday 14 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "dattatreyotpatti", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "S 15 Dattatreyotpatti (pradosa)." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-14", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Dattātreyotpatti (Datta Jayanti) 1940 falls on Saturday 14 December. Pūrṇimā runs from 21:47 on Fri 13 Dec to 22:38 on Sat 14 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/dattatreyotpatti", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-12-18", "festival": "sankashta-chaturthi", "name": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-18", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 3058, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 18, "key": "chaturthi", "name": "Caturthī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-17T22:23:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-17T19:23:36Z", "ms": -916374983820.7174 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-18T21:35:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-18T18:35:55Z", "ms": -916291445225.3116 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-17T22:23:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-17T19:23:36Z", "ms": -916374983820.7174 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-18T21:35:55+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-18T18:35:55Z", "ms": -916291445225.3116 } }, "kaala": "moonrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-17", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-17T19:43:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-17T16:43:33Z", "ms": -916384586595.8096 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-17T19:43:33+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-17T16:43:33Z", "ms": -916384586595.8096 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-12-18", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-18T20:44:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-18T17:44:57Z", "ms": -916294502815.2688 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-18T20:44:57+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-18T17:44:57Z", "ms": -916294502815.2688 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturthī runs from 22:24 on Tue 17 Dec to 21:36 on Wed 18 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-17T19:23:36Z → 1940-12-18T18:35:55Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Moonrise is at 19:44 on the 17th and 20:45 on the 18th.", "fact": "moonrise: disc centre, 31′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturthī must be current at moonrise. It is not on the 17th and is on the 18th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one moonrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 3058 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 18 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "sankashta-chaturthi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The sukla caturthi in each month is called Ganesa caturthi or Vinayaka caturthi. It is observed at madhyahna. The chief among them are caturthis of Bhadrapada and Magha. Similarly the krsna caturthi in each month is called Sankasta caturthi, to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at moonrise. It is called Angaraka caturthi if it falls on Tuesday." } ], "not_evaluated": "It is called Aṅgāraka Caturthī when it falls on a Tuesday; the weekday is not tested.", "kaala": "moonrise", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-18", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-18", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī 1940 falls on Wednesday 18 December. Caturthī runs from 22:24 on Tue 17 Dec to 21:36 on Wed 18 Dec and is current at moonrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/sankashta-chaturthi?on=1940-12-18", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-12-25", "festival": "ekadashi", "name": "Saphalā Ekādaśī", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-25", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 6650, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 25, "key": "ekadashi", "name": "Ekādaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-24T11:31:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-24T08:31:54Z", "ms": -915809286158.2544 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-25T09:08:11+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-25T06:08:11Z", "ms": -915731509437.7668 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-24T11:31:54+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-24T08:31:54Z", "ms": -915809286158.2544 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-25T09:08:11+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-25T06:08:11Z", "ms": -915731509437.7668 } }, "kaala": "sunrise", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-24", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-24T07:16:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-24T04:16:56Z", "ms": -915824584354.0009 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-24T07:16:56+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-24T04:16:56Z", "ms": -915824584354.0009 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-25T07:17:21+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-25T04:17:21Z", "ms": -915738159015.1442 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-25T07:17:21+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-25T04:17:21Z", "ms": -915738159015.1442 } }, "covered_min": 1, "window_min": 0, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Ekādaśī runs from 11:32 on Tue 24 Dec to 09:08 on Wed 25 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-24T08:31:54Z → 1940-12-25T06:08:11Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Sunrise is at 07:17 on the 24th and 07:17 on the 25th.", "fact": "sunrise: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Ekādaśī must be current at sunrise. It is not on the 24th and is on the 25th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 105" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one sunrise qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: paraviddha → only-day · margin 6650 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Saphalā Ekādaśī, Mosul, 1940: Wednesday 25 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "ekadashi", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The general rule prevalent in most part of India is that it is to be observed on the day when the tithi is current at sunrise. If it occurs on two successive days, it is to be observed on the second day. When does not occur on any day, it is to be observed on the day of the tithi, but widows and sannyasins would observe on the next-day." } ], "not_evaluated": "The next-day observance for widows and sannyāsins, the Bengal avoidance of an ekādaśī joined to daśamī, and the Vaiṣṇava aruṇodaya rule belong to other traditions and are not applied.", "kaala": "sunrise", "priority": "paraviddha", "when_absent": "tithi-day" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-25", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Saphalā Ekādaśī 1940 falls on Wednesday 25 December. Ekādaśī runs from 11:32 on Tue 24 Dec to 09:08 on Wed 25 Dec and is current at sunrise that day.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/ekadashi?on=1940-12-25", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-12-26", "festival": "pradosha-vrata", "name": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-26", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 33597, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 27, "key": "trayodashi", "name": "Trayodaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-26T06:39:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-26T03:39:51Z", "ms": -915654008733.1978 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-27T04:13:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-27T01:13:09Z", "ms": -915576411395.0039 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-26T06:39:51+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-26T03:39:51Z", "ms": -915654008733.1978 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-27T04:13:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-27T01:13:09Z", "ms": -915576411395.0039 } }, "kaala": "pradosha", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-25", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-25T16:57:58+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-25T13:57:58Z", "ms": -915703321896.15 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-25T18:52:36+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-25T15:52:36Z", "ms": -915696443702.1288 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-26T16:58:35+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-26T13:58:35Z", "ms": -915616885058.5354 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-26T18:53:11+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-26T15:53:11Z", "ms": -915610008872.5107 } }, "covered_min": 115, "window_min": 115, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Trayodaśī runs from 06:40 on Thu 26 Dec to 04:13 on Fri 27 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-26T03:39:51Z → 1940-12-27T01:13:09Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Pradoṣa is 2 muhūrtas after sunset: 16:58–18:53 on the 25th, 16:59–18:53 on the 26th.", "fact": "pradosha: night-muhurta-1-2 · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Trayodaśī must be present during pradoṣa. It covers 0 of 115 minutes on the 25th and 115 of 115 on the 26th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one evening qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 33597 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata, Mosul, 1940: Thursday 26 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "pradosha-vrata", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "Pradosa-vrata — The sukla and krsna trayodasi tithis of each month when cover the period of 'pradosa', are observed as Pradosa-vratas." } ], "kaala": "pradosha", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-26", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-26", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Kṛṣṇa Pradoṣa Vrata 1940 falls on Thursday 26 December. Trayodaśī runs from 06:40 on Thu 26 Dec to 04:13 on Fri 27 Dec and covers all of pradoṣa that evening.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/pradosha-vrata?on=1940-12-26", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }, { "id": "/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-12-27", "festival": "shivaratri", "name": "Śivarātri", "tradition": "smarta", "place": "99072", "year": 1940, "local_date": "1940-12-27", "confidence": "determinate", "boundary_reasons": [], "boundary_margin_s": 4968, "anga": { "type": "tithi", "index": 28, "key": "chaturdashi", "name": "Caturdaśī", "start": { "local": "1940-12-27T04:13:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-27T01:13:09Z", "ms": -915576411395.0039 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-28T01:55:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-27T22:55:38Z", "ms": -915498261679.6056 }, "month": { "amanta": 8, "purnimanta": 9, "adhika": false, "amanta_name": "Mārgaśīrṣa", "purnimanta_name": "Pauṣa" } }, "span": { "of": "tithi", "start": { "local": "1940-12-27T04:13:09+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-27T01:13:09Z", "ms": -915576411395.0039 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-28T01:55:38+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-27T22:55:38Z", "ms": -915498261679.6056 } }, "kaala": "nishita", "days": [ { "local_date": "1940-12-26", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-26T23:44:21+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-26T20:44:21Z", "ms": -915592539360.9429 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-27T00:32:21+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-26T21:32:21Z", "ms": -915589659360.9429 } }, "covered_min": 0, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": false }, { "local_date": "1940-12-27", "window": { "start": { "local": "1940-12-27T23:44:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-27T20:44:50Z", "ms": -915506110175.0426 }, "end": { "local": "1940-12-28T00:32:50+03:00", "utc": "1940-12-27T21:32:50Z", "ms": -915503230175.0426 } }, "covered_min": 48, "window_min": 48, "qualifies": true } ], "decided_by": "only-day", "explanation": [ { "step": "anga", "text": "Caturdaśī runs from 04:13 on Fri 27 Dec to 01:56 on Sat 28 Dec.", "fact": "1940-12-27T01:13:09Z → 1940-12-27T22:55:38Z" }, { "step": "kaala", "text": "Niśītha is 1 ghaṭikā either side of midnight: 23:44–00:32 on the 26th, 23:45–00:33 on the 27th.", "fact": "nishita: midnight-pm-1-ghatika · sunrise and sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′" }, { "step": "rule", "text": "Caturdaśī must be present during niśītha. It covers 0 of 48 minutes on the 26th and 48 of 48 on the 27th.", "fact": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 108" }, { "step": "tie_break", "text": "Only one night qualifies. No tie-break is needed.", "fact": "priority: unstated → only-day · margin 4968 s" }, { "step": "ruling", "text": "Śivarātri, Mosul, 1940: Friday 27 December.", "fact": "confidence: determinate" } ], "rule": { "kind": "lunar", "id": "shivaratri", "references": [ { "text": "Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals", "locator": "p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/calendar_reform_comittee_report", "quote": "The krsna caturdasi in each month is called 'Sivaratri'. The chief among them is that of Magha. The tithi must cover nisitha (or pradosa in some opinion)." } ], "not_evaluated": "The alternative opinion that reads pradoṣa instead of niśītha is not evaluated.", "kaala": "nishita", "priority": "unstated", "when_absent": "unstated" }, "alternatives": [ { "kind": "profile", "profile": "classical@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" }, { "kind": "profile", "profile": "compat-drikpanchang@2026.1", "local_date": "1940-12-27", "confidence": "determinate" } ], "quote": "In Mosul, Śivarātri 1940 falls on Friday 27 December. Caturdaśī runs from 04:13 on Fri 27 Dec to 01:56 on Sat 28 Dec and covers all of niśītha that night.", "cite": "https://ahargana.org/mosul/festivals/1940/shivaratri?on=1940-12-27", "method": "pac-rp@2026.1", "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } } ], "engine": { "version": "0.1.0", "ruleset": "2026.3-draft", "kernel": "de440-1900-2100", "kernel_sha256": "7eef444f9e5bd8786b8b5b72e775ecc376991b953a6246ec7a49d2c37434ea74", "tzdata": "2026f" } }