Day of Saturday 14 January
The transit does not fall in this day. Not taken.
17:15 sunset beforesunset 17:16
16:5120:5100:5104:5108:5112:5116:51
Does not fall in this day
Ruling · Pongal · 2012
Determinatein Cairo, under the Rashtriya Panchang method. Clear of every threshold by 253 minutes.
A tick is five ghaṭīs, two hours. The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset.
Day of Saturday 14 January
The transit does not fall in this day. Not taken.
Does not fall in this day
Day of Sunday 15 January
Taken. The transit falls in this day.
Falls in this day
Aṅga
The Sun enters Makara at 21:28 on Sat 14 Jan.
2012-01-14T19:28:25Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985
Kāla
The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:16, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:16.
sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′
Rule
The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th.
Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106
Tie-break
An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.
day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 15169 s
Ruling
Pongal, Cairo, 2012: Sunday 15 January.
confidence: determinate
In Cairo, Pongal 2012 falls on Sunday 15 January. The Sun enters Makara at 21:28 on Sat 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 14th and the 15th. Counted from midnight, or counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 14 January.
| Authority | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Ahargaṇa, pac-rp | This ruling | Sun 15 Jan |
| Ahargaṇa, classical | Disc centre, no refraction | Sun 15 Jan |
| compat-drikpanchang | Comparison profile | Sun 15 Jan |
| Counted from midnight | CRC 1955, p. 106 | Sat 14 Jan |
| Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule) | CRC 1955, p. 244 | Sat 14 Jan |
| No institution has a recorded ruling for Cairo. | ||
Institutional rulings are recorded with a source address, and are never edited to agree.
/rules/pongal · ruleset 2026.3-draft
“Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal).” Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106. “The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day.” Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti, p. 244. The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day "taken to begin from midnight" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.
Twelve places, west to east. Local clock times.
| Place | Sun enters Makara | Sunset before 14th | Covered | Sunset before 15th | Covered | Ruled |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Los Angeles | 11:28 | 17:04 | falls | 17:05 | no | 14 Jan |
| Chicago | 13:28 | 16:42 | falls | 16:43 | no | 14 Jan |
| Jersey City | 14:28 | 16:51 | falls | 16:52 | no | 14 Jan |
| Port of Spain | 15:28 | 18:01 | falls | 18:02 | no | 14 Jan |
| London | 19:28 | 16:16 | no | 16:18 | falls | 15 Jan |
| Durban | 21:28 | 19:01 | no | 19:01 | falls | 15 Jan |
| Dubai | 23:28 | 17:49 | no | 17:49 | falls | 15 Jan |
| Delhi | 00:58 | 17:44 | no | 17:44 | falls | 15 Jan |
| Kolkata | 00:58 | 17:11 | no | 17:12 | falls | 15 Jan |
| Singapore | 03:28 | 19:14 | no | 19:15 | falls | 15 Jan |
| Sydney | 06:28 | 20:09 | no | 20:09 | falls | 15 Jan |
| Suva | 08:28 | 19:48 | no | 19:48 | falls | 15 Jan |