Pongal

1. १Step 1, Aṅga

   The Sun enters Makara at 14:37 on Fri 13 Jan.

   1905-01-13T08:44:26Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985
2. २Step 2, Kāla

   The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 17:21, and the day of the 14th ends at 17:21.

   sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′
3. ३Step 3, Rule

   The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.

   Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106
4. ४Step 4, Tie-break

   An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.

   day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 9798 s
5. ५Step 5, Ruling

   Pongal, Chattogram, 1905: Friday 13 January.

   confidence: determinate

In Chattogram, Pongal 1905 falls on Friday 13 January. The Sun enters Makara at 14:37 on Fri 13 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 12th and the 13th.

Institutional rulings are recorded with a source address, and are never edited to agree.

Sign entered

Makara

Zodiac

Nirayana

Ayanāṃśa

lahiri-iae1985

Day counted from

Sunset

Tie-break

None: an instant

Reference

CRC 1955, p. 106

Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal). Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106.

The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day. Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti, p. 244.

The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day "taken to begin from midnight" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.