Day of Thursday 13 January
The transit does not fall in this day. Not taken.
16:14 sunset beforesunset 16:15
15:5019:5023:5003:5007:5011:5015:50
Does not fall in this day
Ruling · Pongal · 1938
Determinatein Daqing, under the Rashtriya Panchang method. Clear of every threshold by 695 minutes.
A tick is five ghaṭīs, two hours. The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset.
Day of Thursday 13 January
The transit does not fall in this day. Not taken.
Does not fall in this day
Day of Friday 14 January
Taken. The transit falls in this day.
Falls in this day
Aṅga
The Sun enters Makara at 03:51 on Fri 14 Jan.
1938-01-13T19:50:39Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985
Kāla
The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 13th ends at 16:15, and the day of the 14th ends at 16:16.
sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′
Rule
The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.
Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106
Tie-break
An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.
day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 41728 s
Ruling
Pongal, Daqing, 1938: Friday 14 January.
confidence: determinate
In Daqing, Pongal 1938 falls on Friday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 03:51 on Fri 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th. Counted from sunrise, as in Orissa, it is 13 January.
| Authority | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Ahargaṇa, pac-rp | This ruling | Fri 14 Jan |
| Ahargaṇa, classical | Disc centre, no refraction | Fri 14 Jan |
| compat-drikpanchang | Comparison profile | Fri 14 Jan |
| Counted from midnight | CRC 1955, p. 106 | Fri 14 Jan |
| Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule) | CRC 1955, p. 244 | Thu 13 Jan |
| No institution has a recorded ruling for Daqing. | ||
Institutional rulings are recorded with a source address, and are never edited to agree.
/rules/pongal · ruleset 2026.3-draft
“Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal).” Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106. “The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day.” Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti, p. 244. The rule that heads the solar festivals, the day "taken to begin from midnight" (p. 106), is not applied to Pongal. It is kept on the first day of the month of Makara as the Tamil districts count it, a transit after sunset going to the next day (p. 244); the Rashtriya Panchang prints Pongal so.
Twelve places, west to east. Local clock times.
| Place | Sun enters Makara | Sunset before 13th | Covered | Sunset before 14th | Covered | Ruled |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Los Angeles | 11:51 | 17:04 | falls | 17:04 | no | 13 Jan |
| Chicago | 13:51 | 16:41 | falls | 16:42 | no | 13 Jan |
| Jersey City | 14:51 | 16:50 | falls | 16:51 | no | 13 Jan |
| Port of Spain | 15:51 | 18:01 | falls | 18:01 | no | 13 Jan |
| London | 19:51 | 16:15 | no | 16:17 | falls | 14 Jan |
| Durban | 21:51 | 19:01 | no | 19:01 | falls | 14 Jan |
| Dubai | 23:51 | 17:48 | no | 17:49 | falls | 14 Jan |
| Delhi | 01:21 | 17:43 | no | 17:44 | falls | 14 Jan |
| Kolkata | 01:21 | 17:10 | no | 17:11 | falls | 14 Jan |
| Singapore | 03:11 | 18:34 | no | 18:35 | falls | 14 Jan |
| Sydney | 05:51 | 19:10 | no | 19:10 | falls | 14 Jan |
| Suva | 07:51 | 18:48 | no | 18:48 | falls | 14 Jan |