Day of Thursday 14 January
Taken for Pongal. The transit falls in this day. Bhogi is the day before.
17:24 sunset beforesunset 17:24
Sun enters Makara 14:30:31
17:0021:0001:0005:0009:0013:0017:00
Falls in this day
Ruling · Bhogi · 1999
Determinatein Riyadh, under the Rashtriya Panchang method. Kept the day before Pongal, Thu 14 Jan. Clear of every threshold by 174 minutes.
A tick is five ghaṭīs, two hours. The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset.
Day of Thursday 14 January
Taken for Pongal. The transit falls in this day. Bhogi is the day before.
Falls in this day
Day of Friday 15 January
The transit does not fall in this day. Not taken.
Does not fall in this day
Aṅga
The Sun enters Makara at 14:31 on Thu 14 Jan.
1999-01-14T11:30:32Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985
Kāla
The day is counted from the sunset before it to its own sunset: the day of the 14th ends at 17:24, and the day of the 15th ends at 17:25.
sunset-day: sunset-to-sunset · sunset: upper limb, 31′ + 16′
Rule
The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from the sunset before it: a transit after sunset belongs to the next day. The transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.
Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106
Tie-break
An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.
day counted from sunset → only-day · margin 10437 s
Counted
Bhogi is kept the day before Pongal: Thursday 14 January is the day taken above.
follows: pongal − 1 d
Ruling
Bhogi, Riyadh, 1999: Wednesday 13 January.
confidence: determinate
In Riyadh, Bhogi 1999 falls on Wednesday 13 January. It is kept the day before Pongal, which falls on Thursday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 14:31 on Thu 14 Jan. The rule counts the day from sunset to sunset, and the transit falls between the sunsets of the 13th and the 14th.
| Authority | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Ahargaṇa, pac-rp | This ruling | Wed 13 Jan |
| Ahargaṇa, classical | Disc centre, no refraction | Wed 13 Jan |
| compat-drikpanchang | Comparison profile | Wed 13 Jan |
| Counted from midnight | CRC 1955, p. 106 | Wed 13 Jan |
| Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule) | CRC 1955, p. 244 | Wed 13 Jan |
| No institution has a recorded ruling for Riyadh. | ||
Institutional rulings are recorded with a source address, and are never edited to agree.
/rules/bhogi · ruleset 2026.3-draft
“Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal).” Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106. “The Tamil rule: In the Tamil districts the rule is that when a samkranti takes place before sunset, the month begins on the same day, while if it takes place after sunset the month begins on the following day.” Calendar Reform Committee 1955, Rules of Samkranti, p. 244.
Twelve places, west to east. Local clock times.
| Place | Sun enters Makara | Sunset before 14th | Covered | Sunset before 15th | Covered | Ruled |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Los Angeles | 03:31 | 17:04 | falls | 17:05 | no | 13 Jan |
| Chicago | 05:31 | 16:42 | falls | 16:43 | no | 13 Jan |
| Jersey City | 06:31 | 16:51 | falls | 16:52 | no | 13 Jan |
| Port of Spain | 07:31 | 18:01 | falls | 18:02 | no | 13 Jan |
| London | 11:31 | 16:17 | falls | 16:18 | no | 13 Jan |
| Durban | 13:31 | 19:01 | falls | 19:01 | no | 13 Jan |
| Dubai | 15:31 | 17:49 | falls | 17:49 | no | 13 Jan |
| Delhi | 17:01 | 17:44 | falls | 17:45 | no | 13 Jan |
| Kolkata | 17:01 | 17:11 | falls | 17:12 | no | 13 Jan |
| Singapore | 19:31 | 19:14 | no | 19:15 | falls | 14 Jan |
| Sydney | 22:31 | 20:09 | no | 20:09 | falls | 14 Jan |
| Suva | 00:31 | 19:48 | no | 19:48 | falls | 14 Jan |