Day of Saturday 14 January
Taken. The transit falls in this day.
00:00 midnightmidnight 00:00
Sun enters Makara 20:45:29
23:3603:3607:3611:3615:3619:3623:36
Falls in this day
Ruling · Makara Saṅkrānti (Makarādi Snāna) · 2023
Determinatein Ujjain, under the Rashtriya Panchang method. Clear of every threshold by 195 minutes.
A tick is five ghaṭīs, two hours. The day is midnight to midnight on the place’s clock.
Day of Saturday 14 January
Taken. The transit falls in this day.
Falls in this day
Day of Sunday 15 January
The transit does not fall in this day. Not taken.
Does not fall in this day
Aṅga
The Sun enters Makara at 20:45 on Sat 14 Jan.
2023-01-14T15:15:30Z · nirayana, lahiri-iae1985
Kāla
The day is counted from midnight to midnight, on the clock of Ujjain.
civil-day: midnight-to-midnight · Asia/Kolkata
Rule
The festival is kept on the day of the transit, the day counted from midnight. The transit falls on the 14th, not the 15th.
Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106
Tie-break
An instant falls in one day and no other. No tie-break is needed.
day counted from midnight → only-day · margin 11670 s
Ruling
Makara Saṅkrānti, Ujjain, 2023: Saturday 14 January.
confidence: determinate
In Ujjain, Makara Saṅkrānti 2023 falls on Saturday 14 January. The Sun enters Makara at 20:45 on Sat 14 Jan, and the rule counts the day from midnight. By the Tamil rule for the first day of a solar month, which gives a transit after sunset to the next day, it is 15 January. Rashtriya Panchang recorded 15 January (Principal festivals, 2022-23).
| Authority | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Ahargaṇa, pac-rp | This ruling | Sat 14 Jan |
| Ahargaṇa, classical | Disc centre, no refraction | Sat 14 Jan |
| compat-drikpanchang | Comparison profile | Sat 14 Jan |
| Counted from sunrise (the Orissa rule) | CRC 1955, p. 244 | Sat 14 Jan |
| Past sunset, the next day (the Tamil rule) | CRC 1955, p. 244 | Sun 15 Jan |
| Rashtriya Panchang | Principal festivals, 2022-23 | Sun 15 Jan |
Institutional rulings are recorded with a source address, and are never edited to agree.
/rules/makara-sankranti · ruleset 2026.3-draft
“Makaradi — Makaradi snana, Magh Bihu (Assam), Tila samkranti, Pongal (S. India), Bhogi (S. India — on the day before Pongal), Mattu Pongal (S. India — on the day after Pongal).” Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106. “The following festivals are observed according to the day of Sun's transit into rasis (Ravi-samkramana). For this purpose the day has been taken to begin from midnight, i.e., when the samkramana takes place after midnight, the festival relating to the samkramana is to be observed on the following day.” Calendar Reform Committee 1955, General Rules for Religious Festivals, p. 106.
Twelve places, west to east. Local clock times.
| Place | Sun enters Makara | Midnight 14th | Covered | Midnight 15th | Covered | Ruled |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Los Angeles | 07:15 | 00:00 | falls | 00:00 | no | 14 Jan |
| Chicago | 09:15 | 00:00 | falls | 00:00 | no | 14 Jan |
| Jersey City | 10:15 | 00:00 | falls | 00:00 | no | 14 Jan |
| Port of Spain | 11:15 | 00:00 | falls | 00:00 | no | 14 Jan |
| London | 15:15 | 00:00 | falls | 00:00 | no | 14 Jan |
| Durban | 17:15 | 00:00 | falls | 00:00 | no | 14 Jan |
| Dubai | 19:15 | 00:00 | falls | 00:00 | no | 14 Jan |
| Delhi | 20:45 | 00:00 | falls | 00:00 | no | 14 Jan |
| Kolkata | 20:45 | 00:00 | falls | 00:00 | no | 14 Jan |
| Singapore | 23:15 | 00:00 | falls | 00:00 | no | 14 Jan |
| Sydney | 02:15 | 00:00 | no | 00:00 | falls | 15 Jan |
| Suva | 03:15 | 00:00 | no | 00:00 | falls | 15 Jan |